EP0011704B1 - Source de tension de référence, en particulier pour circuits amplificateurs - Google Patents

Source de tension de référence, en particulier pour circuits amplificateurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0011704B1
EP0011704B1 EP79104039A EP79104039A EP0011704B1 EP 0011704 B1 EP0011704 B1 EP 0011704B1 EP 79104039 A EP79104039 A EP 79104039A EP 79104039 A EP79104039 A EP 79104039A EP 0011704 B1 EP0011704 B1 EP 0011704B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transistor
circuit
reference voltage
transistors
emitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79104039A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0011704A1 (fr
Inventor
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Krämer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0011704A1 publication Critical patent/EP0011704A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0011704B1 publication Critical patent/EP0011704B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
    • G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc
    • G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
    • G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
    • G05F3/20—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is dc using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
    • G05F3/26—Current mirrors
    • G05F3/265—Current mirrors using bipolar transistors only

Definitions

  • reference voltage sources are already known. Most of the time, the voltage drop across diode sections is used as the standard, for which the base-mitter sections of transistors can also be used (see DE-C-17 62 924, DE-B-17 63 016). Instead of diodes, transistors are used whose base collector path is short-circuited (see "Control Technology", Issue 1, 1969, page 13; Siemens Data Book 1974/75, Volume 2, “Linear Circuits", pages 213 to 215). All of these reference voltage sources can e.g. can be used to stabilize the operating points of amplifier circuits. Amplifier circuits which are constructed with the aid of differential amplifiers are particularly suitable.
  • a reference voltage source is also known (US-A-4 085 359), in which the collector current of one transistor of the reference voltage source is mirrored on the collector current of the other transistor, and the emitter areas of the transistors and the resistance values are defined in this way that the reference voltage is largely independent of the temperature.
  • the invention is based on the object of improving the usability of such reference voltage sources.
  • the improvement relates in particular to measures which ensure that the reference voltage maintains its intended size regardless of the load.
  • a reference voltage source is assumed in which the reference voltage is present at the interconnected bases of two transistors, one of which is connected as a diode, while the other is operated normally.
  • such a reference voltage source is characterized in that the current mirror circuit includes a further transistor connected in a current mirror circuit, which is connected in series with a corresponding transistor connected to reference potential, the base of which is connected to the emitter of the transistor connected as a diode, and dab the The reference voltage at the connection point between the collector and emitter of the transistors connected in series for a circuit to be supplied is taken off.
  • Current mirror circuits as are known per se can be used here (see DE-A-24 40 023, 26 42 874; Philips Technische Rundschau 1971/72, No. 1, pages 4 to 8; crizstechnik, Haft 1, 1969, page 13 ).
  • the reference voltage is taken from a tap of the series connection of the two transistors in question, a load on the inner reference circuit point of the reference voltage source is avoided, even if the tap is used as a current source or current sink for stabilizing the operating point of the circuit supplied. This ensures a particularly high constancy of the reference voltage. It is also advantageous that the voltage requirement for the reference voltage source is very small. Their minimum operating voltage is only above the saturation voltage of transistor T6 above the reference voltage applied to the base of transistor T2.
  • the current mirror circuit includes an additional transistor which feeds a further current mirror circuit which has transistors which are looped into circuits of the circuit supplied with the reference voltage. Constant current effects for the supplied circuit are thereby brought about in a convenient manner.
  • the reference voltage source RG and the amplifier circuit VS are shown.
  • the input of the amplifier circuit VS is at the terminals E1 and E2.
  • the output is at sources A3 and A4.
  • This amplifier circuit is a microphone amplifier.
  • the acoustic-electrical converter, in particular a piezoelectric ceramic, is connected to the input terminals E1 and E2.
  • the operating voltage + / 0 is supplied via the output terminals A3 and A4, which is then superimposed on the output signal.
  • the reference voltage supplied by the reference voltage source RG is now also applied to the input terminal E1. With your help, the operating point of the differential amplifier with the transistors T13 and T14, which belongs to the amplifier circuit, is stabilized.
  • the reference voltage source itself initially includes the transistor T2 connected as a diode and the normally operated transistor T1. The bases of these two transistors are connected and give the inner reference voltage point.
  • the current mirror circuit with the transistors T4 and T5 and the resistors R1 and R2 is looped into the collector circuits of the transistors T1 and T2. It also includes the transistor T6 with the resistor R3, which is connected in series with the transistor T8, which is still connected to the reference potential 0.
  • the base of transistor T8 is connected to the emitter of transistor T2 and to the tap of the series circuit made up of emitter resistors R6 and R7, which serve as emitter resistors for transistors T1 and T2.
  • connection point between the collector of transistor T6 and the The emitter of the transistor T8 is connected to the input terminal E1. So here the reference voltage for the circuit VS supplied with it is taken off.
  • the level of the reference voltage is selectively determined by the voltage at the inner reference voltage point, namely the connected bases of the transistors T1 and T2. With the aid of the output circuit formed by the transistors T8 and T6, however, this inner reference voltage point is prevented from being loaded by the decrease in the reference voltage.
  • the transistors T6 and T8 belonging to the output circuit can act as a current source or current sink. A load on the inner reference voltage point is avoided during operation.
  • the reference voltage source RG is supplemented by the starting circuit comprising the series circuit of the transistor T3 and its emitter resistor R5.
  • the operating voltage + / 0 is applied to this starting circuit.
  • the base of the transistor T3 is connected to the collector of the transistor T1. This ensures that when the operating voltage is applied, the intended reference voltage is set at the inner reference circuit point.
  • the area of the emitter of the transistor T2 connected as a diode is a fraction of the area of the emitter of the other associated transistor T1.
  • This and the additional circuit measures provided result in temperature compensation insofar as the reference voltage obtained is largely independent of the temperature (see also Control Technology, Issue 1, 1969, page 13; DE-B-19 440 28, column 1).
  • the area of the emitter of transistor T1 is five times the area of the emitter of transistor T2. This is also indicated there by the inscribed numbers 5 and 1.
  • the number of ohms is also written for each of the various resistors belonging to the circuit.
  • the ratio of the resistance values of the emitter resistors R6 and R7 is also important for the temperature compensation.
  • On the basis of the symbols chosen for the representation of the transistors it can also be recognized whether it is a pnp transistor or an npn transistor.
  • an additional transistor belongs to the current mirror circuit, namely the transistor T7 with an emitter resistor R4, which feeds a further current mirror circuit.
  • This is the current mirror circuit with transistors T9, T10, T11, T12 and T19.
  • the last three listed transistors are looped into circuits of the amplifier circuit VS supplied with the reference voltage.
  • the transistor T11 1 is looped into the emitter circuit of the differential amplifier with the transistors T13 and T14, the emitter resistors R12 and R13 and the collector resistors R8 and R9.
  • the transistor T12 is looped into the main circuit of the transistor T20, which belongs to an intermediate amplifier of the amplifier circuit VS.
  • the transistor T19 is looped into a current branch of a current mirror circuit belonging to the amplifier circuit, to which i.a. the transistors T17, T18 and T22 and the resistors R20 and R22 belong.
  • This circuit technology achieves a specific current impression for the amplifier circuit, for which purpose switching means are used which can be conveniently attached to the switching means belonging to the reference voltage source.
  • the size of the associated emitter areas is indicated by the numbers written on them.
  • the number 1 is written on the transistors T7, T10 and T19, while the number 2 is written on the transistors T11 and T12. Accordingly, the two latter transistors carry a main current twice as large as the other three transistors mentioned in this context.
  • the size of the emitter areas is indicated by the numbers written on them. Accordingly, the transistor T6 has an emitter area three times as large as the transistors T1 and T5.
  • the strength of the currents flowing across the main current paths of the named transistors is graded according to the size of their emitter areas. Accordingly, the strength of the currents flowing in those circuits into which these transistors are looped is graded.
  • the amplifier circuit VS also includes the symmetrically switched transistor coupling stage with transistors T15 and T16, via which the differential amplifier has a two-stage intermediate amplifier is connected, to which the transistors T20 and T21 belong, to which a Darlington amplifier with the transistors T23 and T24 is then connected as an output stage.
  • the transistors T15 5 and T16 of the transistor coupling stage also belong to the current mirror circuit with the transistors T17 and T18.
  • the coupling stage and the input stage are set in a current-symmetrical manner.
  • the voltage feedback network with the resistors R19, R18, R15, R17, R16, R14, R11 and R10 is also inserted between the output and the input.
  • the gain factor of the amplifier circuit is determined (see also Siemens data book 1974/75, Bad 2, "Linear circuits", pages 213 to 215).
  • the negative feedback capacitor C1 then also contributes to the stabilization.
  • the transistors T23 and T24 of the output stage each have their own collector resistors, namely the collector resistors R21 and RL. This results in a particularly high modulation capability of the output stage and a low saturation voltage of the transistor T24.
  • arrows labeled “lK” or “21K” are drawn, which indicate the direction and the size of the currents flowing in the relevant current branches. These currents result primarily from the fact that the current mirror circuits described are provided.
  • the microphone amplifier described above is also designed in terms of circuit technology in such a way that it can be easily implemented within an integrated circuit. Its advantageous properties are retained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Source de tension de référence, en particulier pour des circuits amplificateurs, dans laquelle la tension de référence est présente aux bases, reliées entre elles, de deux transistors (T1, T2) dont l'un (T2) est monté en diode et dont l'autre (T1) est opéré norlament, l'émetteur du transistor (T2) monté en diode étant relié à la prise d'un circuit série de deux résistances d'émetteur (R6, R7) d'un transistor (T1) opéré normalement, alors qu'un circuit dit à courants en rapport géométrique (T4, T5, R1, R2) est introduit de telle manière dans le circuit de courant de collecteur de ces transistors que le courant de collecteur du transistor (T1 ) opéré normalement se reflète sur le courant de collecteur du transistor (T2) monté en diode, et qu'en outre les surfaces d'émetteur des transistors et les valeurs ohmiques des résistances d'émetteur sont déterminées de telle façon que la tension de référence est très largement indépendante de la température, caractérisée par le fait qu'au circuit à courants en rapport géometrique (T4, T5, R1, R2) appartient un transistor supplémentaire (T6) branché en circuit à courants en rapport géométrique et qui est relié en série avec un transistor correspondant (T8) porté au potentiel de référence (0) et dont la base est reliée à l'émetteur du transistor (T2) monté en diode, et que la tension de référence est prélevée au point de liaison entre le collecteur et l'émetteur des transistors (T6, T8), montés en série, pour l'alimentation d'un montage (VS).
2. Source de tension de référence selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'il est prévu un circuit d'attaque constitué par un montage série d'un transistor (T3) et de sa résistance d'émetteur (R5), auquel est appliquée la tension de service (+/0), et que la base du transistor associé (T3) est reliée au collecteur dudit transistor (T1 ), opérénormaiement.
3. Source de tension de référence selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par le fait qu'au circuit à courants en rapport géometrique appartient un transistor additionnel (T7) qui alimente un circuit supplémentaire à courants en rapport géométrique (T9, T10, T11, T12, T19) ayant des transistors (T11, T12, T19) qui sont montés dans des circuits du montage (VS) alimenté avec la tension de référence.
4. Source de tension de référence selon la revendication 4, caractérisée par le fait que les intensités des courants passant dans lesdits circuits sont étagées en fonction de la dimension des surfaces des émetteurs des transistors (T11, T12, T19) dudit circuit supplémentaire à courants en rapport géométrique, et qui sont montés dans ces circuits.
EP79104039A 1978-11-23 1979-10-18 Source de tension de référence, en particulier pour circuits amplificateurs Expired EP0011704B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2850826 1978-11-23
DE19782850826 DE2850826A1 (de) 1978-11-23 1978-11-23 Referenzspannungsquelle, insbesondere fuer verstaerkerschaltungen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0011704A1 EP0011704A1 (fr) 1980-06-11
EP0011704B1 true EP0011704B1 (fr) 1983-07-13

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79104039A Expired EP0011704B1 (fr) 1978-11-23 1979-10-18 Source de tension de référence, en particulier pour circuits amplificateurs

Country Status (5)

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US (1) US4274061A (fr)
EP (1) EP0011704B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5574616A (fr)
DE (2) DE2850826A1 (fr)
MY (1) MY8700876A (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4368420A (en) * 1981-04-14 1983-01-11 Fairchild Camera And Instrument Corp. Supply voltage sense amplifier
US4359680A (en) * 1981-05-18 1982-11-16 Mostek Corporation Reference voltage circuit
IT1212748B (it) * 1983-06-03 1989-11-30 Ates Componenti Elettron Stadio differenziale perfezionato, in particolare per filtri attivi.
US4578820A (en) * 1984-03-05 1986-03-25 General Electric Company Received signal strength indicator
US4820967A (en) * 1988-02-02 1989-04-11 National Semiconductor Corporation BiCMOS voltage reference generator
US4816742A (en) * 1988-02-16 1989-03-28 North American Philips Corporation, Signetics Division Stabilized current and voltage reference sources
US4929909A (en) * 1989-03-27 1990-05-29 Analog Devices, Inc. Differential amplifier with gain compensation
US5345185A (en) * 1992-04-14 1994-09-06 Analog Devices, Inc. Logarithmic amplifier gain stage
US5436595A (en) * 1994-08-01 1995-07-25 Hewlett-Packard Company Low voltage bipolar amplifier

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1762924B1 (de) * 1968-09-24 1970-09-03 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung fuer einen Fernsprechmikrofonverstaerker mit verstaerkerausgangsseitiger Speisung
US3629691A (en) * 1970-07-13 1971-12-21 Rca Corp Current source
DE2412393C3 (de) * 1973-03-20 1979-02-08 N.V. Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Eindhoven (Niederlande) Stromstabilisierungsschaltung
NL7403202A (nl) * 1974-03-11 1975-09-15 Philips Nv Stroomstabilisatieschakeling.
NL7409851A (nl) * 1974-07-22 1976-01-26 Philips Nv Versterkerschakeling.
FR2345761A1 (fr) * 1976-03-26 1977-10-21 Radiotechnique Compelec Dispositif d'alimentation en courant regule
US4085359A (en) * 1976-02-03 1978-04-18 Rca Corporation Self-starting amplifier circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4274061A (en) 1981-06-16
JPS5574616A (en) 1980-06-05
DE2965866D1 (en) 1983-08-18
EP0011704A1 (fr) 1980-06-11
DE2850826A1 (de) 1980-06-04
MY8700876A (en) 1987-12-31

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