EP0003970B1 - Procédé de ventilation de pièces et dispositif de ventilation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de ventilation de pièces et dispositif de ventilation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0003970B1
EP0003970B1 EP19790100376 EP79100376A EP0003970B1 EP 0003970 B1 EP0003970 B1 EP 0003970B1 EP 19790100376 EP19790100376 EP 19790100376 EP 79100376 A EP79100376 A EP 79100376A EP 0003970 B1 EP0003970 B1 EP 0003970B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
chamber
cross
section
duct
fact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19790100376
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0003970A1 (fr
Inventor
Eckhard Kucharczyk
Karl Heinz Fischbach
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Siegenia Aubi KG
Original Assignee
Siegenia Frank KG
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Priority claimed from DE2809611A external-priority patent/DE2809611C2/de
Priority claimed from DE19782809949 external-priority patent/DE2809949A1/de
Application filed by Siegenia Frank KG filed Critical Siegenia Frank KG
Publication of EP0003970A1 publication Critical patent/EP0003970A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/14—Diverting flow into alternative channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for ventilating rooms, in which the air flow is conducted in a passage cross sections of different sizes at both ends, and in the region between its ends a duct having an expansion chamber.
  • the invention also relates to a device for ventilating rooms with an air duct, in which the passage opening at one end of the duct has a substantially larger passage cross section than the passage opening at the other end of the duct and in the duct a chamber with an enlarged cross section is arranged or formed, the Wall openings are arranged at an angle to each other below.
  • Ventilation in particular supplies fresh air to human lounges in order to compensate for the changes in breathing air that are disadvantageous in such rooms at least to such an extent that they can no longer be annoying or even harmful.
  • the number of air changes caused by ventilation per hour is essentially determined by the type of use of the common rooms. Depending on the type of use and size of the common rooms, the number of hourly air changes is between one and twenty, the air change must be such that an air exchange per head takes place between 20 and 30 m 3 per hour.
  • the common rooms are ventilated in that the used room air is discharged to the outside as so-called exhaust air and is exchanged for a corresponding amount of drafts.
  • forced ventilation i.e. ventilation with mechanical air delivery.
  • the fan operation allows the necessary amount of air to be supplied to every room.
  • the supply air can either be conveyed into the building from the outside - that is, it can be operated with outside air - or the room air can be conveyed from the inside to the outside - i.e. in exhaust air mode.
  • the main criterion in the supply air operation of the forced ventilation is that the room air has overpressure relative to the air outdoors, while on the other hand, when the forced ventilation is operated in the exhaust air mode, the room air is underpressure compared to the air outdoors.
  • the forced ventilation mainly takes place on the basis of duct ventilation because this is the best way to meet the requirement for optimal sound insulation.
  • the present invention therefore also relates to duct ventilation.
  • a ventilation element for rooms which contains a channel which has a passage opening at each end and is directed essentially transversely to these passage openings.
  • the air passage cross section of both passage openings practically matches in shape and size and is in each case larger than the passage cross section of the actual duct.
  • a ventilation device belongs to the prior art, which is between one outer and several Ren passage openings has a channel extending in the direction of the wall plane, in this case the outer passage opening is arranged halfway along the one wall of the channel, while at least one inner passage opening is provided at both ends of the channel on the opposite wall.
  • the air flow is thus divided into two substantially equal partial flows, each of which has the full cross section of the duct. This results in a significant reduction in flow resistance.
  • Both the passage openings and the substantially transverse sub-channels have a rectangular cross section in this ventilation device.
  • both the flow paths located behind the central passage opening and the flow paths located behind the lateral passage openings each directly adjoin the relatively large channel cross section. As a result, the air flow velocity is considerably reduced within the duct cross section, which results in a reduction in the air throughput.
  • a ventilation device further developed from US-A-1 236 157 is distinguished according to US-A-1 375 378 in that internals are arranged in the subchannels of the housing which adjoin the central passage opening and which direct the air to the air block the passage openings adjoining the two channel ends. These internals extend essentially in the longitudinal direction of the two sub-channels and form guide walls inclined towards the plane of the passage openings.
  • the flow path located behind the central passage opening immediately adjoins a relatively large channel cross section, the depth of which, however, decreases steadily in the direction of the channel ends. This is intended to influence the air flow rate through the two subchannels in such a way that it remains as constant as possible, although the passage area of the passage openings adjoining the two channel ends is in each case dimensioned substantially larger than the passage area of the central passage opening.
  • DE-A-23 31 841 discloses a ventilation device which has the same basic structure as that of US-A-12 36157.
  • an air duct also extends from a central passage opening in two opposite directions, so that the air flow is divided into two substantially equal partial flows, each of which has the full channel cross-section up to the further passage openings provided at the two channel ends is available.
  • the air flow sucked in by the fan or the cross-flow blower is considerably reduced in its flow velocity by the enlarged duct cross-section and at the same time the (slight) excess pressure generated by the fan or cross-flow blower is reduced.
  • the extent of the pressure reduction is essentially dependent on three sizes, namely 1. on the delivery capacity of the fan or cross-flow fan, 2. on the total volume of the fan element between the two passage openings and 3. on the air passage cross section of the passage opening removed from the fan or cross-flow fan.
  • a ventilation device of the generic type is known from DE-A-2240937.
  • the chamber is formed in that the boundary wall for the channel, which is adjacent to the larger passage opening, has an end surface which is beveled in the direction of the desired flow pattern.
  • this beveled end surface has the result that the cross section of the chamber there gradually increases on the one hand from the passage opening, while on the other hand it gradually decreases to a corresponding extent towards the chamber-side mouth of the channel. This results in a diffuser-like and a nozzle-like effect of the chamber.
  • the chamber also has a cross-sectional area in its plane directly adjoining the passage opening, which is practical in its size is equal to the cross-sectional area of the passage opening. From there, the chamber forms a funnel to the chamber-side mouth of the channel.
  • Duct vents with mechanical air delivery have a similar mode of operation, in which the fan or fans are built directly into the flow cross-section of the duct section lying between the two openings, such as e.g. according to DE-B-1 199 956, 1 219 203, 1 222 642 and 1 239 832.
  • these known ventilation devices differ from the ventilation device according to DE-C-2308479 only by the additional installation of fans in order to achieve mechanical air delivery.
  • CH-A-384 173 discloses an air connector which is inserted into an air flow channel of relatively large cross-section and has two nozzle-like constrictions arranged one behind the other. By means of this exhaust air connection, additional air flows are to be fed into the air flow channel of large cross section in such a way that they accelerate the flow in the main channel.
  • the mode of operation of the known exhaust port is therefore different from that of the ventilation device according to DE-A-2 240 837.
  • US-A-3 800 685 deals with a ventilation system which works with a main flow duct and an auxiliary flow duct for the air, both flow ducts running parallel to one another and at a horizontal distance above one another and working together through a vertical connecting duct.
  • the cooperation between the main flow channel and the auxiliary flow channel is such that part of the air entering the auxiliary flow channel is fed as additional air into the main flow channel via the connecting channel.
  • certain cross-sectional relationships are provided between the main flow channel and the auxiliary flow channel, it is necessary to form a pressure chamber between the auxiliary flow channel and the connecting channel, in order to ensure that a certain proportion of those flowing through the auxiliary flow channel Air is actually fed into the main flow duct as additional air. This is the case, for example, if the main flow channel and the auxiliary flow channel have matching cross sections, or also if the main flow channel has an acceleration section in the feed region of the additional air.
  • the purpose of the invention is to improve the operation of the duct ventilation, regardless of whether it works on the principle of so-called free ventilation or else on the principle of forced ventilation.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a ventilation method and a ventilation device of the generic type, by means of which or with the aid of which human lounges can be optimally ventilated without the occurrence of annoying or even harmful drafts and sound transmissions.
  • the air flow can be increased approximately at the same time Split the pressure levels into several partial flows, while it can be combined with the lowering of the pressure level from several partial flows for the ventilation of rooms.
  • the pumping effect brought about by the lowering and subsequent increase in the pressure level in the air stream can in turn be influenced according to the invention by regulating or changing the extent of the lowering and the subsequent increase in the pressure level volumetrically.
  • a ventilation device for practicing the ventilation process with an air duct in which the passage opening at one duct end has a substantially larger passage cross-section than the passage opening at the other duct end and a chamber with an enlarged cross section is arranged or formed in the duct, the wall openings of which lie at an angle to one another , is characterized according to the invention essentially by the fact that the chamber suddenly has a cross section that increases in relation to the one wall opening and the other wall opening is in turn connected to the chamber with a suddenly narrow cross section.
  • the ventilation device works according to the pressure vessel principle already mentioned, i.e.
  • the pressure prevailing in the chamber is decisive for the pressure and thus also for the flow conditions in the areas of the ventilation duct which are narrower in cross-section and adjoin this chamber.
  • the sound and ventilation effectiveness of such a ventilation device can also be influenced by connecting two duct sections to opposite walls of the chamber. For the same purpose it is also useful to provide the larger passage opening with a neck-like extension protruding into the chamber.
  • an axial fan is installed as an air conveyor in the larger passage opening and the neck-like extension forms a jacket ring surrounding the axial fan, then the ventilation duct can be easily removed for forced air movement.
  • the axial fan can then be used to influence the pressure conditions within the chamber as a function of its delivery rate. Practical tests have shown that the cooperation of the axial fan with the chamber adjacent to the passage opening only results in gap losses which are of the order of 50%. In contrast, it has been shown that when the axial fan is installed directly in a ventilation duct of corresponding cross-section, gap losses can occur which are around 90%. This clearly shows that the efficiency of a ventilation device according to the invention, which works according to the pressure vessel principle, increases practically by a considerable factor compared to the conventional design.
  • the axial fan is provided with blades that are symmetrical to its rotation plane and driven by a reversible electric motor, one and the same ventilation device can be used either for forced ventilation or for forced ventilation of a room.
  • the invention provides that at least one wall of the chamber is driven by a drive device, e.g. an electric motor that is adjustable.
  • the drive device can engage the adjustable wall via a reduction gear, for example a screw gear or a slowly running crank.
  • volume of the chamber can be changed as a function of different pressure and / or flow conditions or also of other changing environmental conditions, such as temperatures, gas concentrations or the like
  • various points of the flow path are assigned to measurement points which are formed by flow probes.
  • a comparison circuit e.g. a control circuit, which forms a control value transmitter for the drive device.
  • Pressure-dependent capacitors or inductors, piezoelectric crystals or resistors (strain gauges) variable in length due to the influence of pressure can be provided as flow probes. Bending vibrators made of Seignette salt can also be used as flow probes. Finally, sensors can also be assigned to the control loop as additional measuring points, for example respond to changes in temperature, changes in gas concentration or the like.
  • the minimum amount of outside air supplied to the room per person per hour - that is the outside air rate - applies to rooms with a smoking ban of 20 m 3 , for rooms in which smoking is 30 m 3 .
  • duct ventilation in which the air is conveyed through a duct having at least one passage opening at each end, in particular directed transversely to these passage openings, a method has been developed in which the air flow in one passage opening is guided through a substantially larger cross section than in the other passage opening and is spontaneously conducted in the duct immediately before or after the larger cross section through a section with an even larger cross section.
  • This ventilation method is not only applicable to the so-called free ventilation, in which the air change in the room in question is caused solely by utilizing the natural properties of the air in the event of temperature and pressure differences (wind); rather, it can be used for so-called forced ventilation, which achieves safe room ventilation through mechanical air conveyance regardless of all temperature and wind conditions. It is also essential that this ventilation method is equally well suited for ventilation as well as for the ventilation of the common rooms.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing The basic structure for such a ventilation device 1 is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing.
  • the ventilation device 1 has a channel 2, which has a passage opening 3 and 4 at each of its two ends.
  • the channel 2 extends essentially transversely to the plane of the two passage openings 3 and 4.
  • the passage openings 3 and 4 are assigned to different channel sides and are, based on the installation level of the ventilation device 1, preferably on opposite channel sides.
  • An essential feature of the ventilation device 1 is that the two passage openings 3 and 4 have completely different air passage cross-sections in terms of size, and for example the passage opening 3 is dimensioned substantially larger than the passage opening 4.
  • a chamber 5 is arranged or formed in the channel 2, directly after the larger passage opening 3, which in turn has a cross section which is spontaneously enlarged relative to the larger passage opening.
  • This larger cross section of the chamber 5 passes, again with spontaneous narrowing, into the channel section 6, the flow cross section of which is not only smaller than the passage cross section of the passage opening 3 and the chamber 5, but also smaller than the passage cross section of the passage opening 4.
  • the channel section 6 adjoins the chamber 5 relative to the passage opening 3 at an acute or, for example, a right angle, in such a way that the chamber-side mouth 7 of the channel section 6 extends from both the front wall 8 and the rear wall 9 as well as from the bottom wall 10 and the ceiling turn 11 is at a distance.
  • the edges of the mouth 7 of the channel section 6 from the front wall 8, the Bo denwand 10 and the top wall 11 of the chamber 5 have approximately the same distance, while they have a larger, at least twice the distance from the rear wall 9 of the chamber 5.
  • Fig. 2 shows that both passage openings 3 and 4 are circular, while the chamber 5 has the shape of a rectangular box.
  • the channel section 6 is also approximately rectangular in its flow cross section.
  • the ventilation device 1 Because of the design described for the ventilation device 1, it works according to the pressure vessel principle, that is to say the flow behavior of the air through the entire ventilation device 1 is determined by the volume of the chamber 5 and the pressure differences present at the different large passage openings 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 3 has basically the same structure as the ventilation device according to FIGS. 1 and 2. It differs from this only in that channel sections 6 'and 6 "directed towards the opposite sides of the chamber 2 equipped with the larger passage opening 3" are connected, each of which has its own passage opening 4 'or 4 "with a smaller passage cross section at its other end.
  • a ventilation device 1 which is identical in its basic structure with the ventilation device according to FIG. 3. However, it differs from this in that it can also work on the principle of forced ventilation.
  • an axial fan 13 is installed in the passage opening 3 with a larger passage cross section, and this sits concentrically within the casing ring 12, which protrudes from the passage opening 3 into the chamber 5.
  • a portion of a longitudinal wall 16 of the housing 14 forms the front wall 8 for the chamber 5 and is provided for this purpose with the passage opening 3 which is larger in the passage cross section and to which the casing ring 12 connects.
  • the bottom wall and the top wall of the chamber are also formed by sections of longitudinal walls 17 and 18 of the housing.
  • two partition plates 19 and 20 are inserted into the housing 14, with which an end plate 21 can be detached, e.g. connected by screws.
  • each of the separating plates 19 and 20 there is an opening 22 and 23, respectively, with these openings 22 and 23 being followed by the duct sections 6 'and 6 "of the ventilation device 1.
  • the duct sections 6' and 6" each extend over the between the partition plates 19 and 20 and the end plates 15 limited length range of the housing 14 and are limited overall by moldings 24 and 25 made of soundproofing material, for example foam.
  • the molded part 24 has an essentially U-shaped cross section, the legs and the web of the U-profile being of the same thickness exhibit.
  • the molded part 25, is formed by a block of material which is rectangular in cross-section, in particular a foam block, the cross-sectional thickness of which is at least twice as large as the thickness of the legs and web of the U-profile.
  • the two molded parts 24 and 25 are each inserted into the housing 14 relative to one another such that they enclose the channel section 6 'or 6 "of rectangular cross section between them.
  • the molded parts 25 each have an opening which forms the passage opening 4 'or 4 "with a smaller cross section.
  • the passage openings 4' and 4" face the longitudinal wall 26 of the housing 14 which lies opposite the longitudinal wall 16.
  • the longitudinal wall 26 has slot-like or lattice-like openings over its entire length and over part of its width, which openings face the interior of the room.
  • an end plate 27 is also slidably guided transversely to its plane, which in its one sliding position releases the slot-like or lattice-like openings of the longitudinal wall 26 for air passage while closing it in its other closed position.
  • the molded parts 24 and 25 made of soundproofing material are simply inserted loosely into the housing 14 and can therefore, if necessary, be easily removed from the housing 14 after removal of the longitudinal wall 26 and the end plate 27. Likewise, after removing the longitudinal wall 26 and the end plate 27, the rear wall 21 of the chamber 5 can be easily removed, so that the interior of the chamber 5 is made easily accessible for the purpose of cleaning or for installing and removing the axial fan 13 can.
  • the ventilation device 1 can be used as an axial fan 13 either for ventilation or for ventilation of the room, by simply reversing the direction of rotation.
  • the ventilation device 1 can also be operated by opening the end plate 27 according to the principle of free ventilation. Whether ventilation or ventilation of the room will take place depends only on whether there is a pressure drop from outside to inside or from inside to outside.
  • the ventilation device 1 In the practical configuration of the ventilation device 1, it has proven effective to set the ratio of the passage cross section of the larger passage opening 3 to the cross section of the chamber 5 in the axial direction of the passage opening 3 to approximately 1: 2 to 1: 3, the ratio of the chamber cross section to the overall Cross section of the channel section 6 or 6 ', 6 "in the axial direction of the channel section approximately between 3: 1 and 4: 1 and the ratio of the cross section of the channel section 6 or 6', 6" to the cross section of the smaller passage opening 4 or 4 ', 4 "approximately between 2: 1 and 3: 1.
  • an axial fan 13 is installed in the larger passage opening 3, then it is also recommended to adjust the volume of the chamber 5 in such a way that the effective delivery rate (m 3 / s) of the Axial fan 13 - that is its delivery volume minus the gap loss occurring during operation - is in a ratio between 1: 8 and 1:10.
  • the ventilation device 1 according to FIGS. 4 to 7 to arrange the transverse walls 19 and 20 in the longitudinal direction of the housing 14 so as to be displaceable and lockable as well as the end plate 21 in their Form length dimension so that it can bridge the entire displacement range of the transverse walls 19 and 20.
  • a power drive e.g. an electric motor
  • the operation of the electric motor can be regulated and / or controlled by remote action, for example depending on the differential pressure between the interior of the room and the outside air.
  • Flow probes for example Pitot tubes, Prandtl tubes or the like, can be used as measuring, regulating and / or control elements, which are mounted at suitable points in the flow path of the ventilation device 1.
  • the working features of the ventilation device can be further optimized by the design features described last.
  • the ventilation device 1 shown in FIG. 8 has a channel 2, which has a passage opening 3 and 4 'or 4 "at each of its two ends.
  • the channel 2 extends essentially transversely to the axis of the two passage openings 3 and 4'. or 4 ".
  • These passage openings 3 and 4 'or 4 " are assigned to different channel sides and are, based on the installation level of the ventilation device 1, preferably on opposite channel sides.
  • the two passage openings 3 and 4 'and 4 are designed with completely different dimensions in terms of their air passage cross section, namely in the example shown the passage opening 3 is dimensioned much larger than the passage opening 4' or 4".
  • a chamber 5 is arranged or formed in the channel 2, which in turn has a spontaneously enlarged cross section relative to the larger passage opening 3.
  • This larger cross section of the chamber 5 merges, again with spontaneous narrowing, into the channel section 6 'or 6 ", the flow cross section of which is not only smaller than the passage cross section of the passage opening 3 and the chamber 5, but also smaller than the passage cross section of the passage opening 4' or 4 ".
  • the channel section 6 'or 6 "adjoins the chamber 5, viewed in the axial direction of the passage opening 3, at an acute, for example a right angle, in such a way that its chamber-side mouth 7 from both the front wall 8 and the rear wall 9 as well as a certain distance from the floor and ceiling walls.
  • the passage opening 3 is delimited by a jacket ring 12 which projects into the chamber 5 and which, if necessary, can accommodate an axial fan 13.
  • the channel section 6 'or 6 "and the chamber 5 preferably have a rectangular flow cross section, while the passage cross sections of the passage openings 3 and 4' or 4" are preferably circular.
  • the ventilation device 1 Because of the design described for the ventilation device 1, it works according to the pressure vessel principle and is subject to the various resistance laws of the so-called pipe flow. The flow behavior of the air through the entire ventilation device is determined by the volume of the chamber 5 and the pressure differences present at the two different large passage openings 3 and 4 'or 4 ".
  • the volume of the chamber 5, which essentially determines the mode of operation of the ventilation device 1, must be determined in terms of construction.
  • the two side walls 19 and 20 of the chamber are arranged to be adjustable for this purpose.
  • the two side walls 19 and 20 are slidably guided between the front wall 8, the rear wall 9, the bottom wall and the top wall.
  • Both side walls 19 and 20 are provided with the orifices 7 for the channel sections 6 'and 6 ", connecting pieces 7' and 7" adjoining these orifices, the cross-sectional shape of which is adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the channel sections 6 'and 6 ", whereby the nozzles 7 'and 7 "are permanently in engagement with the adjacent channel sections 6' and 6".
  • the volume of the chamber 5 can be changed practically infinitely between a maximum value and a minimum value.
  • the side walls 19 and 20 of the chamber 5 are rigid, while the rear wall 9 of the chamber 5 opposite the passage opening 3 having a larger passage cross section is designed to be infinitely adjustable. So here the volume of the chamber 5 can be changed continuously by appropriate displacement of the rear wall 9.
  • an electric motor 30 which, in the case of FIG. 8, moves, for example, two screw spindle transmissions 31 ′, 31 ′′, with the aid of which the two side walls 19 and 20 are each displaced simultaneously and in opposite directions can.
  • this electric motor 30 works on only one screw spindle gear 31, which can continuously adjust the rear wall 9.
  • the electric motor 30 is a comparison circuit in the form of a closed control loop actuated, as shown as a block diagram in Fig. 10.
  • the controlled system 41 is formed by the ventilation device 1, as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • the actuator for the controller 45, 49 or 45, 59, 60 consisting of the chamber 5 or its adjustable walls 9 or 19, 20 is formed by the electric motor 30 shown only in FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • a management group can Be W can be stored, which determines the values of a controlled variable X.
  • the disturbance variables Z are determined by the respective environmental influences (air pressure, flow velocity, temperature, gas concentrations) and can, for example, in the ventilation device according to FIGS. 8 and 9 on the one hand at a measuring point 32 in the area of the passage opening 3 and at measuring points 33 or 33 ', 33 "in the area of the passage openings 4 and 4', 4".
  • the pressure and flow conditions in the open air and in the interior of the room can be used as such disturbance variables Z, which can be tapped, for example, using flow probes.
  • Pressure-dependent capacitors and inductors, piezoelectric crystals or length-dependent resistors (strain gauges) can also be used as flow probes. It is therefore possible to provide bending transducers made of Seignette salt as flow probes because they respond to very small pressure fluctuations. It would also be possible to use Pitot tubes or Prandtl tubes as flow probes if these act on the control loop with suitable connecting elements.
  • the disturbance variables Z determined by the flow probes at the various measuring points 32 and 33 are introduced into the control loop according to FIG.
  • the electric motor 30 serving as the actuator controls the chamber 5 acting as the regulator by displacement of the walls 9 or 19, 20 varies in volume, in order to influence the ventilation device 1 forming the controlled system in the sense of achieving an optimal ventilation effect.
  • measuring points 34 or 34 ', 34 "in the form of suitable flow probes are provided within the chamber 5.
  • These measuring points 34 or 34', 34" or flow probes can be used, for example are used, in addition to the disturbance variables Z determined by the environmental influences, to enter correction variables into the control loop, which in turn then influence the reference variable W of the control loop. As a result, a controlled system with compensation can then be created.
  • the 10 is constructed as a so-called continuous control, in which the controlled variable X is continuously measured.
  • the controlled system 41 is subject to the disturbance variables Z.
  • the controlled variable X is compared with the setpoint value X K , which is either a constant or preferably a time-variable reference variable W.
  • the control deviation XW enters into the controller 45, 49 or 59, 60, so that a control value Y comes out of the controller.
  • this manipulated variable Y R acts with a negative sign as manipulated variable -Ys on the controlled system 41, in such a way that a difference is formed between the disturbance variable Z and the negative manipulated value -Y s , which then affects the controlled system 41 acts in the sense of eliminating the control deviation XW.
  • the ventilation device 1 as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 8 and 9, is assigned an axial fan 13 in the area of the passage opening 3, this can of course be functionally included in the control circuit according to FIG. 10, in this way that it is dependent on the environmental conditions present at measuring points 32 and 33 or 33 ', 33 "and possibly also on the pressure and flow conditions prevailing in chamber 5 at measuring points 34 or 34', 34" is switched on and off automatically.
  • the ventilation device 1 can also be assigned other measuring points which influence the control circuit according to FIG. 10 as disturbance variables.
  • suitable sensors can be used not only to determine temperatures, but also, for example, gas concentrations which influence the control circuit according to FIG. 10 and use it to determine the respective operating state of ventilation device 1.
  • the claimed and described method of ventilation for rooms and the ventilation device provided for their implementation can be used wherever it is important to optimally ventilate human lounges.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)

Claims (16)

1. Procédé d'aération-ventilation de locaux selon lequel le courant d'air est guidé dans un canal présentant aux deux extrémités des sections transversales de passage de dimensions différentes et comportant une chambre d'élargissement dans la zone comprise entre ses extrémités, caractérisé en ce que le niveau de pression du courant d'air est brusquement abaissé (3, 5 et 7, 5 respectivement) lors de l'entrée du courant d'air dans la chambre d'élargissement (5) et est ensuite brusquement relevé (5, 7 et 5, 3 respectivement) avant la sortie du courant d'air de cette chambre d'élargissement (5), et en ce qu'entre l'abaissement de sa pression (3, 5 et 7, 5 respectivement) et le relèvement de sa pression (5, 7 et 5, 3 respectivement), le courant d'air est alors respectivement détourné de son trajet et ramené à son trajet.
2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, pour l'aération du local, caractérisé en ce que le niveau de pression du courant d'air guidé (2, 3, 5, 6, 4) est influencé à proximité de l'extrémité d'amont du trajet du courant d'air.
3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, pour la ventilation du local, caractérisé en ce que le niveau de pression du courant d'air guidé (2, 3, 5, 6, 4) est influencé à proximité de l'extrémité d'aval du trajet du courant d'air.
4. Procédé suivant les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le courant d'air, approximativement en même temps que son niveau de pression est relevé (5, 7), est divisé en plusieurs courants partiels (6' et 6").
5. Procédé suivant les revendications 1 et 3, caractérisé en ce qu'approximativement en même temps que le niveau de pression est abaissé (7, 5), plusieurs courants d'air partiels (6' et 6") sont réunis.
6. Procédé suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la mesure de l'abaissement (3, 5 et 7, 5 respectivement) et du relèvement subséquent (5, 7 et 5, 3 respectivement) du niveau de la pression est réglée, c'est-à-dire modifiée (30, 31, 30, 31', 31"), de façon volumétrique (5, 19, 20 et 5, 9 respectivement).
7. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation de locaux comportant un canal d'air, dans le cas duquel l'ouverture de passage qui est prévue à l'une des extrémités du canal présente une section transversale de passage sensiblement plus grande que celle de l'ouverture de passage qui est prévue à l'autre extrémité du canal, et dans le cas duquel il est prévu, c'est-à-dire formé, dans le canal, une chambre de section transversale accrue, chambre dont les ouvertures des parois sont disposées de façon à former un angle l'une par rapport à l'autre, le dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que la chambre (5) présente une section transversale qui est brusquement accrue par rapport à celle de l'ouverture de passage (3) et en ce que le canal (6 ou 6', 6") est relié à la chambre (5) par une section transversale brusquement réduite (7).
8. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le plan de la section transversale de la chambre (5) qui est parallèle au plan de l'ouverture de passage (3) est approximativement supérieur d'un multiple à la section transversale de cette ouverture de passage (3).
9. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une ou l'autre des revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale de la chambre (5) qui est parallèle au plan de la section transversale du canal (6) est approximativement supérieure d'un multiple à la section transversale totale du canal (6).
10. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de passage (3) présente une forme géométrique de section transversale différente de celle de la chambre (5) et de celle du canal (6 ou 6', 6").
11. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que deux tronçons de canaux (6' et 6") sont reliées (en 22 et en 23, respectivement) à des parois opposées (19 et 20) de la chambre (5).
12. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture de passage la plus grande (3) présente un prolongement (12), sous forme de col, qui s'avance dans la chambre (5).
13. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que dans l'ouverture de passage la plus grande (3) est monté un ventilateur axial (13) destiné à activer la circulation de l'air et en ce qu'en outre, le prolongement sous forme de col (12) forme une enveloppe annulaire qui entoure le ventilateur axial (13).
14. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 7 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les tronçons de canaux (6' et 6") qui sont reliés à la chambre (5) et les ouvertures de passage (4' et 4") sont formés dans des éléments moulés (24 et 25 respectivement) faits d'une matière amortissant le son.
15. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 7 à 14, caractérisé en ce que la paroi (9 ou 21) de la chambre (5) qui est opposée à l'ouverture de passage (3) est formée ou montée de façon à pouvoir être enlevée.
16. Dispositif d'aération-ventilation suivant l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 7 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins l'une des parois (9 ou 19, 20) de la chambre (5) peut être déplacée à l'intervention d'un appareil de commande, par exemple à l'intervention d'un moteur électrique (30), en ce que l'appareil de commande (30) agit sur la paroi pouvant être déplacée (9 ou 19, 20) par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme de démultiplication, par exemple par l'intermédiaire d'un mécanisme à vis (31 ou 31', 31") ou par l'intermédiaire d'une manivelle tournant lentement, en ce qu'il est prévu des points de mesure (32, 33 ou 33', 33" ; 34 ou 34', 34", respectivement), lesquels sont constitués par des sondes de l'écoulement, qui sont en liaison avec un montage de comparaison, par exemple avec un circuit de réglage (figure 10), lequel constitue un émetteur de variables réglantes pour l'appareil de commande (30), en ce qu'il est prévu, comme sondes de l'écoulement, des condensateurs ou des résistances inductives dépendant de la pression, des cristaux piézo-électriques, en particulier des résonateurs de flexions en sel de Seignette (tartrate double de sodium et de potassium), ou encore des résistances dont la longueur dépend de l'influence de la pression (jauges d'allongement), et en ce qu'au circuit de réglage (figure 10) sont adjoints, pour constituer des points de mesure supplémentaires, des détecteurs qui réagissent par exemple à des variations de la température, à des modifications de la concentration de gaz ou à d'autres facteurs équivalents.
EP19790100376 1978-03-06 1979-02-09 Procédé de ventilation de pièces et dispositif de ventilation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Expired EP0003970B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2809611 1978-03-06
DE2809611A DE2809611C2 (de) 1978-03-06 1978-03-06 Vorrichtung zum Lüften von Räumen
DE2809949 1978-03-08
DE19782809949 DE2809949A1 (de) 1978-03-08 1978-03-08 Verfahren zum lueften von raeumen sowie lueftungsvorrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens

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EP0003970A1 EP0003970A1 (fr) 1979-09-19
EP0003970B1 true EP0003970B1 (fr) 1982-03-17

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT391016B (de) * 1983-02-05 1990-08-10 Siegenia Frank Kg Lueftungsvorrichtung fuer den einbau in fenster und/oder in andere wandoeffnungen von gebaeuden
DE10112010B4 (de) 2001-03-13 2018-03-08 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh Luftführungskanal und Kraftfahrzeugs-Heiz-, Belüftungs- und oder Klimaanlage

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3200210C2 (de) * 1982-01-07 1986-04-17 Heinz Georg Hünibach Thun Baus Lüftungseinrichtung

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3125286A (en) * 1964-03-17 sanders
CH384173A (de) * 1961-02-14 1964-11-15 Keller Alois Abluft-Stutzen
US3648591A (en) * 1969-10-20 1972-03-14 Ronald Winnett Ventilator with shutter means
DE2240937A1 (de) * 1972-08-19 1974-02-28 Milster Oberhalb eines fensters angeordneter, schallabsorbierender fortluft-durchlass
US3800685A (en) * 1972-08-29 1974-04-02 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd I-shape duct
FR2350556A1 (fr) * 1976-05-04 1977-12-02 Segic Element prefabrique de ventilation et de climatisation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT391016B (de) * 1983-02-05 1990-08-10 Siegenia Frank Kg Lueftungsvorrichtung fuer den einbau in fenster und/oder in andere wandoeffnungen von gebaeuden
DE10112010B4 (de) 2001-03-13 2018-03-08 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh Luftführungskanal und Kraftfahrzeugs-Heiz-, Belüftungs- und oder Klimaanlage

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