EA201390325A1 - Снижение содержания тяжелых металлов в растениях - Google Patents
Снижение содержания тяжелых металлов в растенияхInfo
- Publication number
- EA201390325A1 EA201390325A1 EA201390325A EA201390325A EA201390325A1 EA 201390325 A1 EA201390325 A1 EA 201390325A1 EA 201390325 A EA201390325 A EA 201390325A EA 201390325 A EA201390325 A EA 201390325A EA 201390325 A1 EA201390325 A1 EA 201390325A1
- Authority
- EA
- Eurasian Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polynucleotide
- sequence
- seq
- sequences
- mainly
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8216—Methods for controlling, regulating or enhancing expression of transgenes in plant cells
- C12N15/8218—Antisense, co-suppression, viral induced gene silencing [VIGS], post-transcriptional induced gene silencing [PTGS]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/415—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- C07K16/16—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/113—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing
- C12N15/1138—Non-coding nucleic acids modulating the expression of genes, e.g. antisense oligonucleotides; Antisense DNA or RNA; Triplex- forming oligonucleotides; Catalytic nucleic acids, e.g. ribozymes; Nucleic acids used in co-suppression or gene silencing against receptors or cell surface proteins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8242—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with non-agronomic quality (output) traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
- C12Q1/6895—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for plants, fungi or algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q2600/00—Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
- C12Q2600/158—Expression markers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
Изобретение описывает мутантные, не встречающиеся в природе или трансгенные растения или растительные клетки, содержащие (а) полинуклеотид, выбранный из группы, состоящей из: (i) полинуклеотида, включающего в себя, состоящего или преимущественно состоящего из последовательности, по меньшей мере на 71% идентичной SEQ ID NO: 1, 2, 27, 28, или 29, или 51; или (ii) полинуклеотида, включающего в себя, состоящего или преимущественно состоящего из последовательности, по меньшей мере на 65% идентичной одной из последовательностей SEQ ID NO: 3-23 или 30-50; или (iii) полинуклеотида, кодирующего полипептид NtMRP, включающего в себя, состоящего или преимущественно состоящего из последовательности, по меньшей мере на 65% идентичной одной из последовательностей SEQ ID NO: 24-26 или 52, где полипептид обладает активностью транспортера тяжелых металлов; или (b) полинуклеотидную конструкцию, содержащую по меньшей мере 15 смежных нуклеотидов в длину, которая по меньшей мере на 65% идентична участку одной из последовательностей SEQ ID NO: 1-23 или 27-51; или (с) двухцепочечную РНК, содержащую по меньшей мере две последовательности, которые, по меньшей мере, частично комплементарны друг другу, где смысловая цепь содержит первую последовательность, а антисмысловая цепь содержит вторую последовательность, причем по меньшей мере одна из последовательностей содержит по меньшей мере 10 смежных нуклеотидов РНК NtMRP; или (d) вектор экспрессии, содержащий полинуклеотид, описанный в пункте (i), (ii) или (iii), или полинуклеотидную конструкцию, описанную в пункте (b).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10009180 | 2010-09-03 | ||
PCT/EP2011/004383 WO2012028309A2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2011-08-31 | Heavy metal reduction in planta |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EA201390325A1 true EA201390325A1 (ru) | 2013-09-30 |
EA030377B1 EA030377B1 (ru) | 2018-07-31 |
Family
ID=44582859
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EA201390325A EA030377B1 (ru) | 2010-09-03 | 2011-08-31 | Снижение содержания тяжелых металлов в растениях |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9528118B2 (ru) |
EP (2) | EP2611824B1 (ru) |
JP (2) | JP6388474B2 (ru) |
KR (1) | KR102136088B1 (ru) |
CN (1) | CN103228671B (ru) |
AP (1) | AP2013006799A0 (ru) |
AU (1) | AU2011297946B2 (ru) |
BR (1) | BR112013005142A2 (ru) |
CA (1) | CA2809573A1 (ru) |
CO (1) | CO6690786A2 (ru) |
EA (1) | EA030377B1 (ru) |
ES (1) | ES2698154T3 (ru) |
MX (1) | MX359400B (ru) |
PL (1) | PL2611824T3 (ru) |
TR (1) | TR201815375T4 (ru) |
WO (1) | WO2012028309A2 (ru) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6730832B1 (en) | 2001-09-10 | 2004-05-04 | Luis Mayan Dominguez | High threonine producing lines of Nicotiana tobacum and methods for producing |
US8716571B2 (en) | 2011-09-21 | 2014-05-06 | Reynolds Technologies, Inc. | Tobacco having reduced amounts of amino acids and methods for producing such lines |
US9137958B2 (en) | 2012-02-08 | 2015-09-22 | Reynolds Technologies, Inc. | Tobacco having altered amounts of environmental contaminants |
WO2013119541A1 (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2013-08-15 | Reynolds Technologies, Inc. | Tobacco having altered amounts of environmental contaminants and methods for producing such lines |
CA2894955C (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2023-10-31 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Tobacco specific nitrosamine reduction in plants |
CA2944965A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2015-11-12 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Reduction of nicotine to nornicotine conversion in plants |
CN104447971B (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2018-02-23 | 北京林业大学 | 一种重金属转运蛋白及其编码基因PtHMA5与应用 |
AR107478A1 (es) | 2016-01-29 | 2018-05-02 | Philip Morris Products Sa | Reducción de la acumulación de cadmio en plantas cultivadas en el campo |
US11685929B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 | 2023-06-27 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Plants with shortened time to flowering |
EP3480314A1 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2019-05-08 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Regulation of alkaloid content |
BR112020017430A2 (pt) | 2018-03-28 | 2021-01-19 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Modulação do teor de açúcar redutor em uma planta |
AR115022A1 (es) | 2018-03-28 | 2020-11-18 | Philip Morris Products Sa | Modulación del contenido de aminoácidos en una planta |
CN108588109B (zh) * | 2018-04-10 | 2021-06-18 | 昆明理工大学 | C2H2型转录因子基因asr1的重组表达载体及应用 |
MX2021007628A (es) | 2018-12-30 | 2021-08-11 | Philip Morris Products Sa | Modulacion de niveles de nitrato en plantas a traves de la mutacion de la nitrato reductasa. |
CN114829587A (zh) | 2019-10-01 | 2022-07-29 | 菲利普莫里斯生产公司 | 调节植物中的还原糖含量(inv) |
US20230200344A1 (en) | 2019-10-01 | 2023-06-29 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Modulating sugar and amino acid content in a plant (sultr3) |
CN111334524A (zh) * | 2020-02-19 | 2020-06-26 | 山东农业大学 | 一种提高烟草镉敏感性的方法 |
EP4441080A1 (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-10-09 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Tools for gene silencing |
WO2023117661A1 (en) | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Increasing anatabine in tobacco leaf by regulating methyl putrescine oxidase |
WO2023117701A1 (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-29 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Modulation of nicotine production by alteration of nicotinamidase expression or function in plants |
WO2024079137A1 (en) | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Increasing leaf biomass and nitrogen use efficiency by regulating ntp2 |
WO2024160864A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-08 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Modulation of sugar transporters |
WO2024160860A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-08 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Modulation of genes coding for lysine ketoglutarate reductase |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5998203A (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1999-12-07 | Ribozyme Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Enzymatic nucleic acids containing 5'-and/or 3'-cap structures |
WO1998021938A1 (en) * | 1996-11-18 | 1998-05-28 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Glutathione-s-conjugate transport in plants |
US6677502B1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2004-01-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Plant metabolism genes |
CN100494378C (zh) * | 2001-10-16 | 2009-06-03 | Posco公司 | 表达真菌mrp样abc转运蛋白的转基因生物 |
FR2835698B1 (fr) * | 2002-02-08 | 2004-08-06 | Genoplante Valor | Procede de selection ou d'obtention de plantes resistantes aux potyvirus et sequences marquant ou codant cette resistance |
ATE530656T1 (de) | 2005-02-23 | 2011-11-15 | Univ North Carolina State | Veränderung des alkaloidgehaltes in tabak durch modifikation spezifischer cytochrome p450 gene. |
CN101370938B (zh) * | 2005-12-29 | 2015-09-02 | 塞瑞斯公司 | 赋予植物调节的植物生长速率和生物量的核苷酸序列及相应多肽 |
CA2666383C (en) | 2006-10-13 | 2015-12-22 | North Carolina State University | Alteration of tobacco alkaloid content through modification of specific cytochrome p450 genes |
EP2220231B1 (en) | 2007-11-12 | 2017-10-11 | North Carolina State University | Alteration of tobacco alkaloid content through modification of specific cytochrome p450 genes |
EP2231861B1 (en) * | 2007-12-13 | 2014-10-29 | Philip Morris Products S.A. | Transgenic plants modified for reduced cadmium transport, derivative products, and related methods |
US7883371B1 (en) | 2009-07-22 | 2011-02-08 | Hon Hai Precision Ind. Co., Ltd. | Electrical connector with improved contact footprints |
-
2011
- 2011-08-31 BR BR112013005142-6A patent/BR112013005142A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-08-31 EP EP11752485.0A patent/EP2611824B1/en active Active
- 2011-08-31 WO PCT/EP2011/004383 patent/WO2012028309A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-08-31 TR TR2018/15375T patent/TR201815375T4/tr unknown
- 2011-08-31 CN CN201180052798.9A patent/CN103228671B/zh active Active
- 2011-08-31 KR KR1020137007951A patent/KR102136088B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2011-08-31 ES ES11752485T patent/ES2698154T3/es active Active
- 2011-08-31 AP AP2013006799A patent/AP2013006799A0/xx unknown
- 2011-08-31 JP JP2013526357A patent/JP6388474B2/ja active Active
- 2011-08-31 AU AU2011297946A patent/AU2011297946B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-08-31 EA EA201390325A patent/EA030377B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-08-31 EP EP18188335.6A patent/EP3447065A1/en active Pending
- 2011-08-31 MX MX2013002504A patent/MX359400B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2011-08-31 PL PL11752485T patent/PL2611824T3/pl unknown
- 2011-08-31 CA CA2809573A patent/CA2809573A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-08-31 US US13/819,063 patent/US9528118B2/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-04-03 CO CO13067186A patent/CO6690786A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2016
- 2016-11-21 JP JP2016226279A patent/JP2017060499A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2809573A1 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
EP2611824A2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
KR20130137620A (ko) | 2013-12-17 |
US20150232867A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
EP2611824B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
MX359400B (es) | 2018-09-26 |
US9528118B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
KR102136088B1 (ko) | 2020-07-23 |
AU2011297946A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
PL2611824T3 (pl) | 2019-03-29 |
MX2013002504A (es) | 2014-01-31 |
EA030377B1 (ru) | 2018-07-31 |
WO2012028309A2 (en) | 2012-03-08 |
CO6690786A2 (es) | 2013-06-17 |
JP2013542719A (ja) | 2013-11-28 |
BR112013005142A2 (pt) | 2020-08-04 |
CN103228671B (zh) | 2017-08-15 |
AP2013006799A0 (en) | 2013-04-30 |
ES2698154T3 (es) | 2019-01-31 |
TR201815375T4 (tr) | 2018-11-21 |
JP6388474B2 (ja) | 2018-09-12 |
AU2011297946B2 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
JP2017060499A (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
EP3447065A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
CN103228671A (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
WO2012028309A3 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EA201390325A1 (ru) | Снижение содержания тяжелых металлов в растениях | |
NZ609127A (en) | Novel fucosyltransferases and their applications | |
NZ700902A (en) | Lowering saturated fatty acid content of plant seeds | |
RS54649B1 (en) | NUCLEIC ACID ANTISENS | |
MX2019001598A (es) | Reduccion de nitrosamina especifica de tabaco en plantas. | |
NZ604057A (en) | Plant cytochrome p450 | |
NZ607870A (en) | Lactococcus crispr-cas sequences | |
EA201400836A8 (ru) | Получение дитерпена | |
WO2014023285A3 (de) | Transgene pflanze der art solanum tuberosum mit resistenz gegenüber phytophthora | |
AR065283A1 (es) | Composiciones y metodos que utilizan arn de interferencia del gen tipo opr3 para el control de nematodos | |
WO2010060967A3 (en) | Compositions and methods for treating retrovirus infections | |
MX2010003109A (es) | Acidos nucleicos de enlace c5a. | |
MX344585B (es) | Platas con un tamaño de fruto incrementado. | |
IN2013MN01235A (ru) | ||
MX2013008507A (es) | Uso del promotor rd29 o fragmentos del mismo para expresion de transgenes inducible por estres en algodon. | |
GB2458419A (en) | Vector for expressing NC protein of HIV and method for producing NC protein using the same | |
MX2017001927A (es) | Plantas de tomate que permiten el establecimiento de los acaros. | |
CA2788036A1 (en) | Nematode-resistant transgenic plants | |
MX2020006869A (es) | Plantas con genes dhs modificados. | |
MX2013003698A (es) | Agente preventivo o terapeutico contra la fibrosis. | |
UA109141C2 (uk) | Трансгенна рослина зі збільшеним рівнем рослинного крохмалю | |
WO2012158594A3 (en) | Crop plants with improved water use efficiency and grain yield and methods of marking them | |
PH12017501859A1 (en) | Plant promoter for transgene expression | |
IN2012DN01315A (ru) | ||
UA114603C2 (uk) | Конструкція для сайленсингу гена p0 та її застосування |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Lapse of a eurasian patent due to non-payment of renewal fees within the time limit in the following designated state(s) |
Designated state(s): AM AZ BY KZ KG MD TJ TM |