DE884990C - Schmiermittel - Google Patents
SchmiermittelInfo
- Publication number
- DE884990C DE884990C DEN4864A DEN0004864A DE884990C DE 884990 C DE884990 C DE 884990C DE N4864 A DEN4864 A DE N4864A DE N0004864 A DEN0004864 A DE N0004864A DE 884990 C DE884990 C DE 884990C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- solubilizers
- lubricant according
- acids
- ionizable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 B. tartaric acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 16
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-difluorocyclohexane Chemical compound FC1(F)CCCCC1 ZORQXIQZAOLNGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000244 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- QQVGEJLUEOSDBB-KTKRTIGZSA-N [3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CO)(CO)CO QQVGEJLUEOSDBB-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004129 EU approved improving agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 18
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N (S)-malic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical compound O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-hydroxysuccinic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(O)CC(O)=O BJEPYKJPYRNKOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001630 malic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011090 malic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-stearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyruvic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)C(O)=O LCTONWCANYUPML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- AQTIRDJOWSATJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimonic acid Chemical compound O[Sb](O)(O)=O AQTIRDJOWSATJB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001559 benzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl sulfide Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1SC1=CC=CC=C1 LTYMSROWYAPPGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=O HHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)=O ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl undecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N suberic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(O)=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O AKEJUJNQAAGONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-KVTDHHQDSA-N (2r,3r,4r)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJJXHKDWGQADHB-DPMBMXLASA-N (z,12r)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O CJJXHKDWGQADHB-DPMBMXLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione Chemical compound CC1(C)N(Cl)C(=O)N(Cl)C1=O KEQGZUUPPQEDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZUNUACWCJJERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)butyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)(CO)CO WZUNUACWCJJERC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WALBTDFSFTVXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=C(C)C(C)=C(O)C(C)=C1C WALBTDFSFTVXII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSZXXBTXZJGELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4-tri(propan-2-yl)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(C)C)C(C(C)C)=C(C(C)C)C(S(O)(=O)=O)=C21 RSZXXBTXZJGELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPRYUXCVCCNUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C)=C1 BPRYUXCVCCNUFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PFEFOYRSMXVNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 PFEFOYRSMXVNEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 OPLCSTZDXXUYDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEEZXQFUVDKVFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzylamino)phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1NCC1=CC=CC=C1 AEEZXQFUVDKVFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical class NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKJHXLKVZNDNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenyloctadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MKJHXLKVZNDNDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylfuran-2,5-dione Chemical compound CC1=CC(=O)OC1=O AYKYXWQEBUNJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(F)(F)F BTXXTMOWISPQSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMEDOWYXHVUPMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(carboxymethyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 DMEDOWYXHVUPMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REIDAMBAPLIATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxycarbonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 REIDAMBAPLIATC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010723 turbine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
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- C10M2203/06—Well-defined aromatic compounds
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- C10M2205/026—Butene
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Schmiermittel, die besonders unter schwierigen Arbeitsbedingungen
brauchbar sind, wie unter extrem hohen Drücken, hoher Geschwindigkeit und bei hohen Temperaturen.
Es ist bekannt, daß der hohe Druck, der bei gewissen Arten von Getrieben und Lagern auftritt,
ein Reißen des Schmierfilms verursachen kann, wodurch sich Beschädigungen der Maschine ergeben
können. Es ist festgestellt worden, daß die Schmiermittelbasis, wie Mineralöl und bzw. oder synthetisches
öl, hinsichtlich ihrer Schutzwirkung, insbesondere auf reibende Flächen, durch Zusatz gewisser Stoffe
verbessert werden können, so daß übermäßige Abnutzung, Oberflächenzerstörung und Fressen, welche
normalerweise nach einem Reißen des Schmierfilms auftreten, sogar unter den ungünstigsten Druck-
und Geschwindigkeitsverhältnissen vermieden werden können. Schmiermittel, welche diese sehr erwünschten
Eigenschaften aufweisen, werden als Hochdruckschmiermittel bezeichnet.
Es ist bekannt, daß gewisse Elemente oder Verbindungen von Elementen von der Art des Chlors,
Schwefels, Phosphors und Bleis Schmiermitteln Hochdruckeigenschaften erteilen können, wenn sie mit
diesen vermischt werden, wobei es sich um Schmieröle und Schmierfette handeln kann. Unter den bisher
verwendeten Verbindungen sind Bleiseifen, Phosphorsäureester, freier oder locker gebundener Schwefel
und gewisse chlorierte organische Verbindungen hervorzuheben. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil der Hochdruckzusätze
aus dieser Gruppe besteht darin, daß sie mit den damit in Berührung kommenden Flächen
stark reagieren, wodurch Ätzung, Korrosion und Verfärbung dieser Flächen eintritt. Ein anderer Nachteil
der reagierenden Hoehdruckmittel besteht darin
daß sie die chemische Natur der Berührungsfläche ändern, und dies ist unter gewissen Bedingungen
unerwünscht. Außerdem verbrauchen sich diese vorgenannten Mittel wegen der ihnen eigenen Aktivität
sehr rasch, wodurch sich im besten Fall nur eine zeitweilige Lösung des Problems der Hochdruckschmierung
ergibt.
Erfindungsgemäß werden nun Schmiermittel geschaffen, die aus einer schmierend wirkenden Basis bestehen, welche als Hochdruckzusatzmittel einen geringen Gehalt an in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen hat, welche mehrere Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen und in der Schmiermittelbasi im wesentlichen unlöslich sind, sowie ferner an nichtionenbildenden Lösungsvermittlern in ausreichender Menge, um die genannten, in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen in der Schmiermittelbasis zu lösen.
Erfindungsgemäß werden nun Schmiermittel geschaffen, die aus einer schmierend wirkenden Basis bestehen, welche als Hochdruckzusatzmittel einen geringen Gehalt an in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen hat, welche mehrere Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen und in der Schmiermittelbasi im wesentlichen unlöslich sind, sowie ferner an nichtionenbildenden Lösungsvermittlern in ausreichender Menge, um die genannten, in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen in der Schmiermittelbasis zu lösen.
Die Hochdruckzusatzmittel
Wie vorstehend erwähnt, sind die erfindungsgemäß Verwendeten Hochdruckzusatzmittel in der Wärme
polymerisierbare organische Verbindungen mit einer Mehrzahl von Hydroxylgruppen, welche in der
Schmiermittelbasis praktisch unlöslich sind. Vorzugsweise
überschreitet der Sauerstoffgehalt dieser Verbindungen 2,5 g je Gramm des im Molekül vorhandenen
Kohlenstoffes nicht.
Der Ausdruck Hydroxylgruppen umfaßt sowohl die gewöhnlichen Hydroxylgruppen als auch Hydroxylgruppen,
die in einer Carboxylgruppe enthalten sind und auch sauerstoffhaltige Gruppen die Hydroxylgruppen
bilden können, z. B. durch eine Keto-Enol-Tautomerisation. Zweckmäßig enthalten die
Verbindungen mindestens eine Carboxyl-Hydroxyl-Gruppe und mindestens eine alkoholische Hydroxylgruppe.
Die Verbindungen sollen praktisch nicht mit den geschmierten Metallflächen reagieren. Sie können
unter den Arbeitsbedingungen hochviskose schmelzbare polymolekulare Filme zwischen den reibenden
Flächen bilden. Als Beispiele von Verbindungen, welche in ·- den Bereich der vorliegenden Erfindung
fallen, werden zur Erläuterung genannt: Weinsäure, Gxymalonsäure, Citronensäure, Oxyglutarsäure, Oxyadipinsäure,
Äpfelsäure, Tartronsäure, Oxalessigsäure, Citraconsäure, Mesaconsäure, Äconitsäure, Maleinsäure,
Fumarsäure, Itaconsäure, Citräconsäureanhydrid, Bernsteinsäure, Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure,
Pimelinsäure, Sebacinsäure, Acelainsäure, Suberinsäure, LävuHnsäure, Brenztraubensäure, Acetoessigsäure,
Glyoxylsäure, Oxybuttersäure, Glykolsäure, Milchsäure, Homoterephthalsäure oder andere polymerisierbare,
aromatische, mehrbasische Säuren mit einem Schmelzpunkt unter etwa 230° sowie Gemische
solcher Säuren. Jede dieser Säuren kann durch Verestern mit einem mehrwertigen Alkohol in solchem
Ausmaß modifiziert werden, daß diese Säuren nicht in Öl löslich sind oder daß keine Störung der Polymerisation
der entstehenden ölunlöslichen Produkte unter den Hochdruckschmierbedingungen eintritt,
wodurch die Bildung eines viskosen, schmelzbaren polymolekularen Films zwischen den zu schmierenden
Berührungsflächen gestört werden könnte. Die bevorzugt verwendeten mehrwertigen Alkohole sind:
Äthylenglykol, Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol, Propylenglykol,
Dipropylenglykol u. dgl. Man kann Gemische der freien Säuren mit kondensierten Estern
der genannten Säuren verwenden, wie Gemische aus Weinsäure und einem kondensierten Ester aus Weinsäure
mit Propylenglykol; Gemische aus Citronensäure und einem kondensierten Ester aus Citronensäure
und Propylenglykol; Gemische aus Milchsäure und einem Ester aus Weinsäure mit Propylenglykol;
Gemische aus Maleinsäure und einem Ester aus Weinsäure mit Äthylenglykol. Wenn Mischungen
aus freier Säure und kondensierbaren Estern verwendet werden, ist es zweckmäßig, daß die freie
Säure in überwiegender Menge, vorzugsweise 75 bis 90 % des Gemisches, der genannten, in der Wärme
polymerisierbaren Verbindungen vorliegt. Andere geeignete Verbindungen sind z. B. Kohlehydrate, wie
Zucker und deren Derivate, z. B. die Pentosen und Hexosen (Ribose, Arabinose, Glukose, Fruktose,
Galactose, Mannose usw.), Aminozucker, Stärke, abgebaute Cellulose, abgebaute Äthylcellulose; Hexite
(Sorbit, Mannit), Glucamine, Salicylalglucamin u. dgl. Die Verbindungen können polymerisiert und dann
der Schmiermittelbasis zugesetzt werden; sie können auch als solche der Schmiermittelgrundlage einverleibt
werden. Im zweiten Fall läßt man den Polymerisationsprozeß in situ vor sich gehen, wobei die
zugesetzten Verbindungen als kontinuierliche Zufuhr von polymolekulare Füme bildenden Stoffen für die
Bildung eines Films zwischen den sich berührenden Metallflächen dienen, wodurch die Abnutzung dieser
Flächen verhindert wird.
Die Lösungsvermittler
Lösungsvermittler werden den Schmiermitteln gemäß vorliegender Erfindung zugegeben, um das ölunlösliche
Hochdruckzusatzmittel in der Schmiermittelbasis in Dispersion zu halten und auch um die
Hochdruckeigenschaften der in der Hitze polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindung zu aktivieren, ohne
diese gegenüber den sich berührenden Flächen reagieren zu lassen.
Die Lösungsvermittler werden ausgewählt aus öllöslichen Stoffen, welche von Metallflächen weniger
stark adsorbiert werden als die. Hochdruckzusatzmittel.
Wie bereits erwähnt, sollen die Lösungsvermittler nicht-ionenbildend sein. Es können jedoch Gemische
aus nicht-ionenbildenden und ionenbildenden Lösungs-Vermittlern verwendet werden, in welchen die nichtionenbildenden
Lösungsvermittler vorzugsweise in überwiegender Menge vorhanden sind, insbesondere
Von 75 bis 90 Gewichtsprozent des Gemisches der Lösungsvermittler. . .
A. Nicht-ionenbildende Lösungsvermittler
Die nicht-ionenbildenden Lösungsvermittler gemäß vorliegender Erfindung sind Alkohole, wie Laurylalkohol,
Oleylalkohol, ,-j.-tert.-Butylcyclohexänol, sowie
Phosphatide, organische Oxyde, vorzugsweise die Monoäther von Polyalkylenglykolen, wie Undecanoxypolyäthoxyäthanol,
oder Ester. Von den Estern werden die öllöslichen Teilester mehrwertiger Alkohole
vorgezogen. Als Teilester enthalten sie mindestens eine freie alkoholische Hydroxylgruppe im Molekül,
In diesem Zusammenbang sind als mehrwertige
Alkohole nicht nur Verbindungen zu verstehen, die nur alkoholische Hydroxylgruppen im Molekül enthalten,
sondern auch Verbindungen, welche andere funktionelle Gruppen zusammen mit einer Mehrzahl
von alkoholischen Hydroxylgruppen im Molekül aufweisen. Beispiele geeigneter mehrwertiger Alkohole
sind: Glycerin, Erythrit, Pentaerythrit, Mannit, Sorbit, Sorbitan, Weinsäure usw. Die Ester können durch
Veresterung einer alkoholischen Hydroxylgruppe des mehrwertigen Alkohols mit einer Säure hergestellt
sein. Wenn jedoch der mehrwertige Alkohol selbst eine Carboxylgruppe enthält, wie z. B. im Fall der
Weinsäure, kann der Ester durch Veresterung dieser Carboxylgruppe mit einem Alkohol gebildet sein.
Durch die Esterbindung soll an den den mehrwertigen alkoholischen Teil des Moleküls darstellenden
Teil ein vorwiegend von Kohlenwasserstoff abgeleiteter Teil gebunden sein, welcher eine solche Kohlenstoffzahl
enthält, daß das Molekül insgesamt mindestens einen Kohlenstoffgehalt von etwa 12 und vorzugsweise
etwa 15 bis 46 Kohlenstoffatomen enthält. Die Säure oder der Alkohol, welche den Ester mit dem mehrwertigen
Alkohol bildet, soll mindestens etwa 10 und vorzugsweise etwa zwischen 10 und 40 Kohlenstoffatome
aufweisen, insbesondere in Form einer aliphatischen oder cycloaliphatischen Gruppe.
Geeignete Gruppen sind z. B. die Capryl-, Decyl-, Undecyl-, Undeeylenyl-, Lauryl- (Dodecyl-), Tridecyl·,
Myristyl- (Tetradecyl-), Myristolenyl-, Pentadecyl-,
Palniityl- (Hexadecyl-), Palmitolenyl-, Oleyl-,Elaidyl-,
Erucyl-, Stearyl-, Abietylgruppe usw. Gruppen, wie sie in den Säuren enthalten sind, die aus Harz- oder
Tallöl gewonnen werden, sowie naphthenische (d. h. cycloaliphatische) Säuren mit der erforderlichen Zahl
von Kohlenstoffatomen sind ebenfalls geeignet.
Wenn der Ester aus einem mehrwertigen Alkohol und einer Säure gebildet wird, ist diese vorzugsweise
eine Carbonsäure, obwohl auch Sulfon-, Alkylschwefel-,
Phosphor-, Alkylphosphorsäure usw. Verwendet werden können.
Es ist erwünscht, daß die Hydroxylgruppen und die Esterbindungen in den Estern so nah als möglich
beisammenliegen, wobei mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen durch nicht mehr als drei direkt Verbundene
Atome voneinander getrennt sind und vorzugsweise an vicinale Kohlenstoffatome gebunden sind. Es ist
vorteilhaft, daß die verschiedenen polaren Gruppen an direkt miteinander verbundene Kohlenstoffatome
gebunden sind.
Beispiele geeigneter Ester sind: Glycerinmonooleat,
Glycerinmonostearat, Sorbitanmonooleat, Sorbitanmonostearat, Glycerinmonoricinoleat, Glycerinmononaphthenat,
Mannitanmonolaureat, Mannitanmonooleat, Pentaerythritmonooleat, Pentaerythritmonostearat,
Pentaerythritmonocaprylat, Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonostearat, Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat,
Polyäthylenglykolmono- und -diricinoleat, Glycerinmonoester von Sojabohnenfettsäuren usw.
B. Ionenbildende Lösungsvermittler
Man kann gewünschtenfalls ionenbildende Lösungs-Vermittler in Kombination mit den obengenannten
nicht-ionenbildenden Lösungsvermittlern verwenden. Za diesen ionenbildenden Lösungsvermittlern gehören
kationaktive und anionaktive Verbindungen. Sie umfassen Stickstoffbasen, wie aliphatische Amine,
ζ. Β. Dimethylmonostearylamin, heterocyclische Amine, ζ. B. Glyoxalidin oder Imidazolinringverbindungen
(wie i-Oxyäthyl-2-heptadecenylglyoxalidin)
und quaternäre Ammoniumverbindungen, ζ. B. Trimethylbenzylammoniumchlorid
bzw. -sulfat oder -phosphat und Dimethyldistearylammoniumchlorid u. dgl.; Seifen, wie die Amin- und Alkali- oder Erdalkaliseifen
von Fettsäuren (Na-, K- oder Ca-Oleat) oder Schwermetallseifen sowie auch öllösliche Sulfonate
und Sulfate oder die i-Oxyäthyl-2-heptadecenylglyoxalidinseife
von Milchsäure. Die schwachbasischen Amine, welche schwach ionenbildende ober- flächenaktive Mittel darstellen, können zum Teil den
Zweck der nicht-ionenbildenden Mittel erfüllen. Sie können daher verwendet werden, um einen Teil der
nicht-ionenbildenden Mittel im strengen Sinne des Wortes zu ersetzen. Bevorzugte ionenaktive Mittel sind
die Glyoxalidine und Seifen derselben, die öllöslichen organischen Sulfonate, welche aus Erdölsulfonsäuren,
z. B. den bei der Herstellung medizinischer öle oder
bei der Raffination von Schmierölen durch Behandlung dieser .öle mit rauchender Schwefelsäure, Oleum,
Chlorsulfonsäure, Schwefeltrioxyd usw. erhaltenen Mahagonisäuren oder den wasserlöslichen Grünsäuren
gewonnen sind; die von verschiedenen aliphatischen, alicyclischen oder aromatischen Verbindungen, wie
alkylierten Benzolen, Diphenylen, Xylolen, Diphenylmethanen, Tetrahydronaphthalinen, Naphthalinen,
Anthracenen, Phenanthrene^ Alkylphenolverbindungen, alkylierten halogenhaltigen aromatischen Verbindungen
(z. B. chlorierten Diphenyloxyden), Diphenylsulfiden, Diphenylaminen, Naphthylaminen,
Phenylnaphthylaminen; alkylierten Pyridinen, alkylierten Chinolinen, alkylierten Isochinolinen, alkylierten
Pyrrolen, alkylierten Pyrrolidinen, alkylierten Piperidin, alkylierten Thiophenen und alkylierten Thiophanen,
abgeleiteten Sulfonsäuren; verschiedene SuI-fonsäuren, die sich von Carbonsäureestern oder Amiden
ableiten, Säuren vom Schwefelsäureestertyp, wie Türkischrotöl, sulfatierte Fischöle, Monoester der
Schwefelsäure, z. B. die alkyl- aromatischen Monoester von Schwefelsäure und die Monoester von
Schwefelsäure, welche durch Behandlung verschiedener Olefine oder Alkohole mit starker Schwefelsäure
erhalten werden, z. B. der langkettigen Olefine, welche bei der Dampfphasenspaltung Von Paraffin
bei etwa 550° anfallen, der Polymere, welche erhalten werden durch Polymerisation von normalerweise gasförmigen
Olefinen mit Hilfe anorganischer Poly oxysäuren oder Friedel-Crafts-Katalysatoren, der fetten
oder naphthenischen Alkohole, welche bei der katalytischen Reduktion von fetten oder naphthenischen
Säuren erhalten werden, oder der Alkohole, die durch
Kondensation von Ketonen oder Aldehyden und anschließende Hydrierung gewonnen werden. Die
vorstehend genannten Verbindungen können substituierende Atome bzw. Gruppen, wie Halogen- bzw.
Hydroxyl-, Hydrosulfide Äther-, Amino-, Imino-, Sulfid-, Carboxyl- und Estergruppen usw., enthalten.
Jede der obengenannten Säuren kann mit basischen Alkali- oder Erdalkaliverbindungen, Ammoniak- oder
organischen Stickstoffbasen neutralisiert sein, so daß
ίο Salze gebildet werden. Bevorzugt werden die Natrium-,
Kalium-, Calcium-, Barium-, Magnesium-, Ammonium- und Aminsalze der folgenden Sulfonsäuren: Benzolsulf
onsäure, Toluolsulfansäure, Triisopropylnaphthalinsulfonsäure,
Polyamylnaphthalinsulfonsäure, Benzolsulfonsäuren mit zwei langkettigen Kohlenwasser stoffsubstituenten,
öllöslichen Erdölsulfonsäuren, welche sich von verschiedenen Erdölfraktionen, wie Gasöl,
Leuchtpetroleum, Turbinenöl, Schweröl, Schmieröl, Vaseline oder Gemischen hiervon ableiten. Ferner
können Natriumlaurylsulfat, Natriumoleylsulfat, Ammoniumlaurylsulfat
und andere Alkalisalze sulfatierter Alkohole mit etwa 8 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen im
Molekül verwendet werden.
Die Salze der Sulfonsäuren können teilweise ersetzt werden durch Salze der Laurin-, Palmitin-, Stearin-,
Öl-, Linol-und Ricinolsäure, oxydierter Paraffinsäuren,
von Tallölsäuren, Harzsäuren, Abietinsäure, Wollfettsäuren, Naphthensäuren, alkylierten Benzoe- und
Naphthoesäuren, aromatischen Säuren, wie Phenylessigbis Phenylstearinsäure, Terpensäure u. dgl.
Man kann auch Salze anwenden, welche von den nachstehend angegebenen Basen und Säuren abgeleitet
sind. Die Basen umfassen die Hydroxyde von Cu, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Al, Sn, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co usw.
sowie organische Basen, z.B. Stickstoffbasen, wie primäre, sekundäre und tertiäre Amine und quartäre
Ammoniumbasen mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen. Die Säuren, umfassen Wollfettsäuren, Paraffinsäuren
(hergestellt durch Oxydation von festem Paraffin), chlorierte Fettsäuren, Harzsäuren, aromatischeCarbonsäuren
einschließlich aromatischer Fettsäuren, aromatische Oxyfettsäuren, Paraffinbenzoesäuren, verschiedene
Alkylsalicylsäuren, Phthalsäuremonoester, aromatische Ketosäuren, aromatische Äthersäuren,
Diphenole, wie Di-(alkylphenol) -sulfide und -disulfide, Methylen-bis-alkylphenole; Phosphor-, Arsen- und
Antimonsäuremono- und -diester, einschließlich der entsprechenden Thiophosphor-, -arsen- und -antimonsäure;
Phosphon- und Arsensäuren u. dgl.
Die Schmiermittelbasen
Die Schmiermittelbasen, welchen die Zusatzstoffe gemäß vorliegender Erfindung zugegeben werden,
können aus einer Vielzahl natürlicher Öle ausgewählt
sein, wie aus paraffinischen, naphthenischen und
, gemischten Mineralölen mit einem Viskositätsbereich von 50 Saybolt-Sekunden bei 37,7° bis herauf zu
250 Saybolt-Sekunden bei 990. Außerdem können
synthetische Öle verwendet werden, wie polymerisierte Olefine, alkylierte Aromaten, Polyalkylsiliconpolymere,
z.B. flüssigesDimethylsih'conpolymer, andere Siliconpolymere,
H2 S-Additionsprodukte ungesättigter Äther und Thioäther, z. B. das H2S-Additionsprodukt eines
Dialkyläthers, Di-(2-äthylhexyl)-sebacat. Es können auch Gemische aus natürlichen und synthetischen
ölen verwendet werden. Unter gewissen Bedingungen der Schmierung können mit den natürlichen und bzw.
oder synthetischen ölen untergeordnete Mengen fetter
öle, wie Ricinusöl, Specköl u. dgl., vermischt werden.
Kombinationen gemäß vorliegender Erfindung können mit anderen Zusatzstoffen zu Schmiermitteln
kombiniert werden, z. B. mit Mitteln zur Farb-Verbesserung, zur Erniedrigung des Stockpunktes, zur
Verbesserung der Viskosität, zur Verhinderung des Schäumens, z. B. mit DimethylsiHconpolymer u. dgl.
Antioxydationsmittel umfassen mehrere Arten, z. B. Alkylphenole, wie 2, 4, 6-Trimethylphenol,
Pentamethylphenol, 2, 4-Dimethyl-6-tert.-butylphenol, 2, 4-Dimethyl-6-octylphenoL 2, 6-ditert.-Butyl-4-methylphenol,
2, 4, 6-tritert.-Butylphenol u. dgl. ; Aminophenole, wie Benzylaminophenole; Amine, wie
Dibuthylphenyldiamin, Diphenylamin, Phenyl-/?-naphthylamin,
Phenyl-a-naphthylamin und Dinaphthylamin.
Korrosionsverhinderer oder rostverhindernde Verbindungen können in den Gemischen ebenfalls vorliegen,
wie Dicarbonsäuren mit 16 und mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, organische Verbindungen, welche eine
Säuregruppe in nächster Nähe zu einer Nitrü-, Nitro-
oder Nitrosogruppe enthalten (z. B. a-Cyanstearinsäure).
Als die Abnutzung verringernde Mittel können z. B, verwendet werden: Ester der phosphorhaltigen
Säuren, wie Triaryl-, Alkyloxyaryl- oder Aralkylphosphate, -thiophosphate oder -phosphite u. dgl. ;
neutrale aromatische Schwefelverbindungen mit verhältnismäßig hohem Siedepunkt, wie Diarylsulfide,
Diaryldisulfide, Alkylaryldisulfide, z. B. Diphenylsulfid, Diphenolsulfid, Dikresolsulfid, Dixylenolsulfid,
Methylbutyldiphenolsulfid, Dibenzylsulfid, entsprechende Di- und Trisulfi.de u. dgl.; sulfuriert« fette
Öle oder Ester von Fettsäuren mit einwertigen Alkoholen, z. B. Spermöl, Jojobaöl usw., in welchen der
Schwefel stark gebunden ist; sulfuriert^ langkettige Olefine, wie sie beim Spalten von festem Paraffin oder
durch Dehydrierung erhalten werden können; sulfurierte
und phosphorierte fette Öle oder Säuren; Ester Von phosphorhaltigen Säuren, welche sulfurierte
organische Gruppen enthalten, wie Ester von Phosphor- oder phosphoriger Säure mit sulfurierten Oxyfettsäuren;
chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie Chlorierungsprodukte von Paraffin, aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen,
Terpenen, mineralischem Schmieröl usw. oder chlorierte Ester, von Fettsäuren, welche das Chlor
in einer anderen als der α-Stellung enthalten.
Als zusätzliche Bestandteile kommen weiter in Betracht:
öllösliche Harnstoff- oder Thioharnstoffderivate, z. B. Urethane, Allophanate, Carbazide,
Carbazone usw.; Polyisobutylenpolymere; ungesättigte polymerisierte Ester aus Fettsäuren und einwertigen
Alkoholen sowie andere hochmolekulare öllösliche Verbindungen.
Je nach der Art der verwendeten Zusätze und nach den Verwendungsbedingungen der Schmiermittel kann
die Menge der verwendeten Zusätze von 0,001 bis
5 Gewichtsprozent oder darüber schwanken (berechnet auf die gesamte Zusammensetzung). Der bevorzugte
Bereich liegt zwischen 0,1 und 2 Gewichtsprozent.
Die allgemeine Zusammensetzung von Schmiermitteln gemäß der Erfindung kann wie folgt festgelegt
werden:
Menge (Gewichtsprozent)
Weiterer Bereich
Bevorzugter Bereich
Hochdruckzusatzmittel
ölunlösliche in der Wärme polymerisierbare organische
Verbindungen mit einer Mehrzahl von Hydrocylgruppen, z. B. Weinsäure, Milchsäure,
Ester von Propylenglykol und Weinsäure oder Mischungen daraus
Lösungsvermittler
öllösliche nicht-ionisierbare Lösungsvermittler oder
Mischungen aus ionisierten mit nicht-ionisierten Lösungsvermittlern, z. B. Sorbitanmonooleat, PoIyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat,
Natriumerdölsulfonat usw
Zusätze nach Wahl
Reinerhaltungsmittel, Antioxydationsmittel, Antikorrosionsmittel
usw
Schmierölbasis
Natürliches öl, z. B. Mineralöl und bzw. oder synthetische Schmiermittel und bzw. oder fette
Öle und Derivate derselben
Besonders zweckmäßige Zusammensetzungen gemäß der Erfindung werden durch die folgenden Beispiele
erläutert:
Zusammensetzung A
Weinsäure 2 %
Sorbitanmonooleat 4 %
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat 2 %
Mineralöl (SAE 90) Rest
Zusammensetzung B
Kondensierter Teilester aus Weinsäure und
Propylenglykol 2 °/0
Sorbitanmonooleat 4 °/0
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat 2 °/0
Mineralöl (SAE 80) Rest
Zusammensetzung C
Milchsäure 2 °/0
Sorbitanmonooleat 4 %
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat 2 °/0
Mineralöl Rest
Zusammensetzung D
Weinsäure !.90Zo
Gluconsäure 0,1 °/0
Sorbitanmonooleat 4 %
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat 2 °/0
Mineralöl Rest
0,01 bis io°/0
0,1 bis 5%
0,1 bis 20°/o
ο,οοι bis 5%
Rest
ι bis io°/0
0,1 bis 2%
Rest
Zusammensetzung E
Weinsäure 2 °/0
Glycerinmonooleat 4 °/0
Polyoxyäthylenglycerinmonooleat 2 °/0
Mineralöl (SAE 90) Rest
Zusammensetzung F
Kondensierter Diester aus Weinsäure und
Propylenglykol 2 °/0
Pentaerythritmonooleat 4 °/0
Polyoxyäthylenpentaerythritmonooleat 2 °/0
Mineralöl (SAE 90) Rest
Zusammensetzung G
Bernsteinsäure 1,33 °/0
Sorbitanmonooleat 4 °/0
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat 2 %
Ca-Erdölsulfonat (öllöslich) 1%
Mineralöl Rest
Zusammensetzung H
Kondensierter Ester aus Weinsäure (85 0J0)
und Propylenglykol (15 °/0) 2 %
Pentaerythritmonooleat 2 °/0
i-Oxyäthyl-2-heptadecenylglyoxalidin 0,02 °/0
Mineralöl Rest
Zusammensetzung J
Gemisch aus kondensiertem Ester von 90% Äthylenglykoltartrat und io°/0 Glycerin 2%
Pentaerythritmonooleat 2 °/0
i-Oxyäthyl-2-heptadecenylglyoxalidinlactat . 0,19 °/0
Mineralöl Rest
Die nachstehende Tabelle erläutert weitere Gemische im Sinne der Erfindung. In diesen Zusammensetzungen
sind die Hochdruckzusatzmittel in Gesamtmengen von o,i bis 5 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf
das gesamte Gemisch, enthalten. ; Die Lösungsvermittler liegen in solchen Gesamtmengen vor, daß
sie zur Löslichmachung der Hochdruckzusatzmittel ausreichen, wobei also die Gesamtmenge vom Zweifachen bis zum Vierfachen der Menge der Hochdruckzusatzmittel
variiert.
Zusammensetzung I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 6 I 7 I 8 I 9 110 111 112 113 114 115 116
Hochdruckzusatzstoffe ·
Weinsäure
Milchsäure
Citronensäure
Gluconsäure ,
Äpfelsäure
Bernsteinsäure
Teilester aus Weinsäure und Sorbit (kondensiert)
Teilester aus Äpfelsäure und Propylenglykol (kondensiert)
Teilester aus Glycerin und Bernsteinsäure
Lösungsvermittler
Sörbitanmonooleat
Sorbitanmonostearat
Pentaerythritmonooleat
Glycerinmonooleat
C10-C18 aliphatische Amine ,
Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat .'.
Na-Erdölsulfonat (öllösJich)
Ca-Erdölsulfonät (öllöslich) ,,
i-Öxyäthyl-2-heptadecylglyoxalidin
■
Schmiermittelbasis;
Mineralisches Schmieröl
Mineralisches Schmieröl + Alkylnaphthalin .... Polymerisiertes Olefin
X
X
Zusammensetzungen gemäß der Erfindung wurden bezüglich ihrer Hochdruckeigenschaften auf einer
Kammradmaschine geprüft, welche im wesentlichen aus zwei geometrisch ähnlichen Paaren Von Getrieben
besteht, die durch zwei parallele Wellen verbunden sind. Die Getriebepaare sind in getrennten Getriebegehäusen
untergebracht, welche auch die Stützkugellager enthalten. Eine der beiden Wellen besteht aus
zwei Abschnitten, die durch eine Kupplung verbunden sind. Die Belastung wird herbeigeführt, indem-man
eine Seite der Kupplung festlegt und auf die andere die Drehkraft einwirken läßt. Die Bedingungen, unter
welchen die Prüfung durchgeführt wurde, waren folgende:
Geschwindigkeit ..,
Prüfdauer
Prüfdauer
Prüfvorrichtung ..
3000 Umdrehungen je Minute 5 Minuten Laufzeit bei jeder
Belastung Evolventen Stirnräder
(SAE 3312 Stahl) Zusammensetzung
Mineralöl
Mineralöl mit 2% Oleyltartrat ,
Mineralöl mit 2% C16-Alkylbernsteinsäure
Mineralöl mit 2°/0 Ricinolsäure
Mineralöl mit 1 °/0 Sorbit
Mineralöl mit i°/0 Glycerinmonooleat
Mineralöl mit 1,5 °/0 Homoterephthalsäure
Zusammensetzung A
Zusammensetzung D
Zusammensetzung B
Zusammensetzung C
Belastung, bei welcher Einschnitte
auftreten
2,3
4.5
4.5 11,3 11,3
31.7 + 38,5
+ 38,5 + 31.7
+ 38,5
Claims (11)
- Patentansprüche:ι. Schmiermittel, insbesondere auf Mineralschmierölbasis, gekennzeichnet durch einen geringen Gehalt an in der Wärme polymerisierbaren 5 organischen Verbindungen, die eine Mehrzahl von Hydroxylgruppen aufweisen und in der Schmiermittelbasis praktisch unlöslich sind bzw. Vorpolymerisationsprodukte dieser Verbindungen sowie an nicht-ionisierten Lösungsvermittlern in ίο ausreichender Menge, um die Löslichkeit der in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen in der Schmiermittelbasis herbeizuführen.
- 2. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Sauerstoffgehalt der in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen 2,5 g je Gramm des in dem Molekül enthaltenen Kohlenstoffs nicht überschreitet.
- 3. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen mindestens eine Carbonsäure-Hydroxyl-Gruppe und eine alkoholische Hydroxylgruppe enthalten.
- 4. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen Milchsäure, aliphatische Oxypolycarbonsäuren, z. B. Weinsäure, gegebenenfalls Gemische von Weinsäure und Gluconsäure oder Ester aus aliphatischen Oxypolycarbonsäuren und mehrwertigen Alkoholen, z. B'. Ester aus Weinsäure und Alkylen- oder Propylenglykolen bzw. deren Gemische sind.
- 5. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Wärme polymerisierbaren organischen Verbindungen in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 10, insbesondere 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf die gesamte Zusammensetzung, vorliegen.
- 6. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht-ionisierbaren Lösungsvermittler Teilester aus mehrwertigen Alkoholen und Säuren mit 10 bis 40 Kohlenstoffatomen, z. B. Sorbitanmonooleat, Polyoxyäthylensorbitanmonooleat und Pentaerythritmonooleat, oder Gemische aus Pentaerythritmonooleat und PoIyoxyäthylenpentaerythritmonooleat sind.
- 7. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zusätzlich ionisierbare Lösungsvermittler in solcher Menge enthalten, daß die nicht-ionisierbaren Lösungsvermittler den überwiegenden Anteil im Gemisch der beiden Lösungsvermittler darstellen.
- 8. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die nicht-ionisierbaren Lösungsvermittler 75 bis 90 Gewichtsprozent des Gemisches ausnicht-ionisierbaren und ionisierbaren Lösungsvermittlern darstellen.
- 9. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ionisierbaren Lösungsvermittler i-Oxyäthyl-2-heptadecenylglyoxalidin oder öllösliche Erdölsulfonate sind.
- 10. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gesamtmenge der Lösungsvermittler 0,1 bis 20, insbesondere 1 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf die gesamte Zusammensetzung, beträgt.
- 11. Schmiermittel nach Anspruch 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie noch andere Schmiermittel verbessernde Mittel, z. B. Stockpunkterniedriger, Antioxydations-, Antikorrosions- und Reinerhaltungsmittel enthalten.5294 7.53
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US202826A US2788326A (en) | 1950-12-26 | 1950-12-26 | Extreme pressure lubricant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE884990C true DE884990C (de) | 1953-07-30 |
Family
ID=22751415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEN4864A Expired DE884990C (de) | 1950-12-26 | 1951-12-23 | Schmiermittel |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2788326A (de) |
DE (1) | DE884990C (de) |
FR (1) | FR1047117A (de) |
GB (1) | GB721285A (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1001792B (de) * | 1953-05-12 | 1957-01-31 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Hochdruckschmiermittel |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL216503A (de) * | 1956-04-19 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2938871A (en) * | 1956-12-24 | 1960-05-31 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Aviation gas turbine lubricants |
US2971915A (en) * | 1957-02-11 | 1961-02-14 | Shell Oil Co | Lubricating oil compositions |
US2998387A (en) * | 1957-05-03 | 1961-08-29 | Sinclair Refining Co | Synthetic lubricating oil compositions |
DE1075255B (de) * | 1957-12-16 | 1960-02-11 | N. V. De Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij, Den Haag | Schmieröl |
US3047493A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1962-07-31 | Gulf Research Development Co | Drilling process and water base drilling muds |
US3048542A (en) * | 1959-01-30 | 1962-08-07 | Texaco Inc | Lubricating compositions |
US3102098A (en) * | 1959-05-01 | 1963-08-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lubricating compositions comprising esters of tricarboxy acids |
US3029204A (en) * | 1959-05-12 | 1962-04-10 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Acidic partial esters as lubricating oil additives |
US3090753A (en) * | 1960-08-02 | 1963-05-21 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Ester oil compositions containing acid anhydride |
GB988062A (en) * | 1961-04-10 | 1965-04-07 | Gen Electric | Improvements in and relating to lubricants |
US3223636A (en) * | 1961-05-23 | 1965-12-14 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Lead corrosion inhibitor |
US3251774A (en) * | 1962-03-05 | 1966-05-17 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricant grease |
US3436348A (en) * | 1966-10-20 | 1969-04-01 | Sinclair Research Inc | Ester base lubricating oil containing a stabilizing mixture of alkali metal organic compound and an aromatic amine |
US4304678A (en) * | 1978-09-11 | 1981-12-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lubricant composition for reduction of fuel consumption in internal combustion engines |
US4175046A (en) * | 1978-09-20 | 1979-11-20 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Synthetic lubricant |
US4390438A (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-06-28 | Nalco Chemical Company | Dibasic acids to reduce coefficient of friction in rolling oils |
US4715973A (en) * | 1985-03-15 | 1987-12-29 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricating oil compositions |
DE3775769D1 (de) * | 1987-08-03 | 1992-02-13 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Schmieroel mit verbesserten eigenschaften zur reibungsverminderung. |
US4957651A (en) * | 1988-01-15 | 1990-09-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Mixtures of partial fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols and sulfurized compositions, and use as lubricant additives |
DE69102217T2 (de) * | 1990-07-09 | 1994-09-15 | Texaco Development Corp | Verwendung von einem besonderen Ester. |
US5244591A (en) * | 1992-03-23 | 1993-09-14 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines having silver bearing parts |
US7550415B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2009-06-23 | Shell Oil Company | Lubricating oil composition |
US20100210487A1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-19 | Chemtura Coproration | Fatty sorbitan ester based friction modifiers |
US9296969B2 (en) | 2009-02-16 | 2016-03-29 | Chemtura Corporation | Fatty sorbitan ester based friction modifiers |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2134736A (en) * | 1935-04-19 | 1938-11-01 | Atlantic Refining Co | Lubricant |
US2158096A (en) * | 1936-04-24 | 1939-05-16 | Du Pont | Lubricant |
US2204601A (en) * | 1937-02-23 | 1940-06-18 | Standard Oil Co | Compounded lubricant |
US2370299A (en) * | 1941-02-26 | 1945-02-27 | Standard Oil Co California | Compounded lubricant |
US2414293A (en) * | 1939-08-07 | 1947-01-14 | California Research Corp | Treatment of frictional surfaces to facilitate wearing-in |
US2368602A (en) * | 1943-02-09 | 1945-01-30 | Shell Dev | Anticorrosive |
US2470537A (en) * | 1947-06-26 | 1949-05-17 | Tide Water Associated Oil Comp | Mineral oil compositions |
US2479424A (en) * | 1947-12-03 | 1949-08-16 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Rust inhibiting lubricants |
-
1950
- 1950-12-26 US US202826A patent/US2788326A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1951
- 1951-12-23 DE DEN4864A patent/DE884990C/de not_active Expired
- 1951-12-26 FR FR1047117D patent/FR1047117A/fr not_active Expired
- 1951-12-27 GB GB30227/51A patent/GB721285A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1001792B (de) * | 1953-05-12 | 1957-01-31 | Bataafsche Petroleum | Hochdruckschmiermittel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB721285A (en) | 1955-01-05 |
US2788326A (en) | 1957-04-09 |
FR1047117A (fr) | 1953-12-11 |
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