DE588813T1 - Verfahren zum verbinden von verzinkten aluminiumbestandteilen. - Google Patents
Verfahren zum verbinden von verzinkten aluminiumbestandteilen.Info
- Publication number
- DE588813T1 DE588813T1 DE0588813T DE92910024T DE588813T1 DE 588813 T1 DE588813 T1 DE 588813T1 DE 0588813 T DE0588813 T DE 0588813T DE 92910024 T DE92910024 T DE 92910024T DE 588813 T1 DE588813 T1 DE 588813T1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- zinc
- surface layer
- alloys
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
- B23K35/288—Al as the principal constituent with Sn or Zn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/001—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces
- B23K35/002—Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces at least one of the workpieces being of light metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/14—Heat exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
- Y10T29/49393—Heat exchanger or boiler making with metallurgical bonding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Filtering Materials (AREA)
Claims (7)
1. Verfahren zum Verbinden von Aluminiumteilen, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfaßt:
Bereitstellen mindestens eines der Teile mit einer anhaftenden Oberflächenschicht aus Zink oder einer Legierung auf Basis von
Zink;
Aufbringen von Flußmaterial auf zu verbindende Oberflächen der
Teile;
Vormontieren der Teile;
Unterziehen der so vormontierten Teile in einem Ofen einem Erhitzen auf eine vorbestimmte erhöhte Verbindungstemperatur
und Auszusetzen der Teile darin der erhöhten Verbindungstemperatur für eine vorbestimmte Zeitspanne,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
zwischen den Teilen eine Schicht aus geschmolzenem Füllmaterial in Form von Zink-Aluminium-Grenzflächen-Legierungen
gebildet wird, durch Diffusion mindestens eines Teils des Materials der Oberflächenschicht in das Material der
Teile, wobei die Legierungen mit steigenden Temperaturen zunehmend gebildet werden.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Oberflächenschicht eine
Dicke von 2 bis 20 &mgr;&idiagr;&eegr; hat.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Oberflächenschicht eine
Dicke von 4 bis 6 &mgr;&idiagr;&eegr; hat.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend, das Aufrechterhalten einer inerten Atmosphäre in dem Ofen.
2 0588
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, weiterhin umfassend, das Aufrechterhalten einer Luftatmosphäre in dem Ofen.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verbindungstemperatur im Bereich von 450 bis 62O0C ist.
7. Wärmeaustauscher, insbesondere Automobilwärmeaustauscher, durch das Verbxndungsverfahren nach einem oder mehreren der
vorhergehenden Ansprüche bereitgestellt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die gelöteten Verbindungen zwischen den Aluminiumteilen vollständig durch die in situ gebildete Schicht aus
Füllmaterial der Zink-Aluminium-Grenzflächen-Legierungen erreicht wird (ohne Zusatz von gesondertem Lotmaterial).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO912300A NO174455C (no) | 1991-06-14 | 1991-06-14 | Fremgangsmåte for sammenföyning av aluminiumkomponenter |
PCT/NO1992/000091 WO1992022397A1 (en) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-05-13 | Method of joining zinc coated aluminium members |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE588813T1 true DE588813T1 (de) | 1994-10-06 |
Family
ID=19894215
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE0588813T Pending DE588813T1 (de) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-05-13 | Verfahren zum verbinden von verzinkten aluminiumbestandteilen. |
DE69219333T Expired - Fee Related DE69219333T2 (de) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-05-13 | Verfahren zum verbinden von verzinkten aluminiumbestandteilen |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE69219333T Expired - Fee Related DE69219333T2 (de) | 1991-06-14 | 1992-05-13 | Verfahren zum verbinden von verzinkten aluminiumbestandteilen |
Country Status (15)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5316206A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0588813B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3190935B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100202158B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE152019T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU1743992A (de) |
BR (1) | BR9206158A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2111331C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ288264B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE588813T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2102500T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HUT65964A (de) |
NO (1) | NO174455C (de) |
RU (1) | RU2094189C1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1992022397A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (47)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5510165A (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1996-04-23 | Sony Corporation | Thin film wrapping for cassette case |
US5418072A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-05-23 | Alcan International Limited | Totally consumable brazing encapsulate for use in joining aluminum surfaces |
WO1995028507A2 (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1995-10-26 | Raymond Joseph Sartini | Process for continuous hot dip zinc coating of aluminum profiles |
JP3247294B2 (ja) | 1996-06-28 | 2002-01-15 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 低温ろう付用アルミニウムろう材 |
US5943772A (en) * | 1997-08-19 | 1999-08-31 | Brazeway, Inc. | Method of cladding tubing and manufacturing condensor cores |
JP3311282B2 (ja) * | 1997-10-13 | 2002-08-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 金属部材の接合方法及び接合体 |
KR19990086401A (ko) * | 1998-05-21 | 1999-12-15 | 배길훈 | 열교환기의 튜브-핀어셈블리의 브레이징접합법. |
KR19990086952A (ko) * | 1998-05-26 | 1999-12-15 | 배길훈 | 열교환기의 튜브-핀어셈블리의 접합법 |
DE19858150C1 (de) * | 1998-12-16 | 2000-06-15 | Aluplan Heiztechnik Gmbh & Co | Verfahren zum Längspreßverbinden von Aluminium-Heizkörperteilen und Anschlußstutzen zur Verwendung bei dem Verfahren |
US6345380B1 (en) | 1999-04-30 | 2002-02-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Interconnected integrated circuits having reduced inductance during switching and a method of interconnecting such circuits |
WO2001066295A1 (fr) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Procede de brasage de courte duree d'un ensemble en alliage d'aluminium et alliage de metal d'apport de brasage basse temperature |
KR100428865B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-04-28 | 한영알코비스 주식회사 | 냉동기기의 리턴밴드 접합방법 |
KR100428866B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-04-28 | 한영알코비스 주식회사 | 냉동기기의 증발기 제조공정 |
KR100422059B1 (ko) * | 2001-06-29 | 2004-03-12 | 위니아만도 주식회사 | 열교환기의 헤더파이프 접합방법과 그 접합재 |
US20040035911A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2004-02-26 | Dockus Kostas F. | Fluxless brazing |
US20060102696A1 (en) | 2001-11-21 | 2006-05-18 | Graham Michael E | Layered products for fluxless brazing of substrates |
US20040035910A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2004-02-26 | Dockus Kostas F. | Low temperature fluxless brazing |
US6815086B2 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2004-11-09 | Dana Canada Corporation | Methods for fluxless brazing |
US7451906B2 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2008-11-18 | Dana Canada Corporation | Products for use in low temperature fluxless brazing |
US20040038070A1 (en) * | 2001-11-21 | 2004-02-26 | Dockus Kostas F. | Fluxless brazing |
US6830632B1 (en) | 2002-07-24 | 2004-12-14 | Lucas Milhaupt, Inc. | Flux cored preforms for brazing |
EP1560942A4 (de) * | 2002-11-12 | 2009-05-13 | Showa Denko Kk | ALUMINIUMROHR UND HERSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN DAFüR |
KR100514696B1 (ko) * | 2003-04-14 | 2005-09-14 | 오철주 | 열교환기의 브레이징 방법 및 상기 방법으로 브레이징 처리된 열교환기. |
US7293602B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2007-11-13 | Holtec International Inc. | Fin tube assembly for heat exchanger and method |
AU2006315655A1 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-24 | Omni Technologies Corporation | Brazing material with continuous length layer of elastomer containing a flux |
DE102005059309A1 (de) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-11-22 | Hydro Aluminium Mandl&Berger Gmbh | Aus mindestens zwei vorgegossenen Abschnitten zusammengesetztes Bauteil und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
PL2038085T3 (pl) * | 2006-05-25 | 2020-03-31 | Bellman-Melcor Development, Llc | Drut z topnikiem do lutowania twardego i lutowania miękkiego oraz sposób jego wykonania |
US8274014B2 (en) * | 2006-05-25 | 2012-09-25 | Bellman-Melcor Development, Llc | Filler metal with flux for brazing and soldering and method of making and using same |
DE102006050681B3 (de) * | 2006-10-24 | 2007-12-27 | Gea Energietechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers |
JP4390799B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-21 | 2009-12-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 接続材料、接続材料の製造方法、および半導体装置 |
EP2091686B1 (de) * | 2006-12-11 | 2016-06-15 | Lucas-Milhaupt, Inc. | Silberfreie füllermetalle bzw. füllermetalle mit geringem silbergehalt und legierungen sowie entsprechende verbindersysteme und verfahren |
US20110123824A1 (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2011-05-26 | Alan Belohlav | Brazing material |
DE102008033222A1 (de) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeübertragers und Wärmeübertrager, herstellbar nach dem Verfahren |
CH701597A1 (de) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-02-15 | Awtec Ag | Fügen von Leichtmetallen. |
EP2493652A4 (de) | 2009-10-26 | 2017-02-08 | Lucas-Milhaupt, Inc. | Lötmaterial mit geringem silber- und nickelanteil |
JP5750237B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-25 | 2015-07-15 | 株式会社Uacj | アルミニウム合金製熱交換器の製造方法 |
JP5511778B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-16 | 2014-06-04 | 株式会社デンソー | 熱交換器の製造方法、ならびに、当該製造方法により製造された熱交換器 |
US9233414B2 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2016-01-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Aluminum airfoil |
EP2808114A3 (de) | 2013-05-30 | 2015-09-02 | Lucas-Milhaupt, Inc. | Verfahren für Flussmittelumhüllungslöten von Vorformen und diskreten Teilen |
EP3006888B1 (de) * | 2013-06-02 | 2020-08-05 | UACJ Corporation | Wärmetauscher und rippenmaterial für den wärmetauscher |
US9731383B2 (en) | 2014-07-09 | 2017-08-15 | Bellman-Melcor Development, Llc | Filler metal with flux for brazing and soldering and method of using same |
US10661395B2 (en) | 2014-07-30 | 2020-05-26 | Uacj Corporation | Aluminum-alloy brazing sheet |
JP7042023B2 (ja) | 2014-12-11 | 2022-03-25 | 株式会社Uacj | ろう付方法 |
US10744601B2 (en) | 2015-08-07 | 2020-08-18 | Bellman-Melcor Development, Llc | Bonded brazing ring system and method for adhering a brazing ring to a tube |
JP6186455B2 (ja) | 2016-01-14 | 2017-08-23 | 株式会社Uacj | 熱交換器及びその製造方法 |
JP6312968B1 (ja) | 2016-11-29 | 2018-04-18 | 株式会社Uacj | ブレージングシート及びその製造方法 |
JP7053281B2 (ja) | 2017-03-30 | 2022-04-12 | 株式会社Uacj | アルミニウム合金クラッド材及びその製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS56168958A (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1981-12-25 | Nippon Radiator Co Ltd | Manufacture of heat exchanger made of aluminum |
JPS5741882A (en) * | 1980-08-28 | 1982-03-09 | Nippon Radiator Co Ltd | Method for joining of constituting parts of heat exchanger made of aluminum |
JPS58171580A (ja) * | 1982-04-02 | 1983-10-08 | Nippon Radiator Co Ltd | アルミニウム製熱交換器の防蝕方法 |
US4615952A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1986-10-07 | Norsk Hydro A.S. | Aluminum shapes coated with brazing material and process of coating |
US4891275A (en) * | 1982-10-29 | 1990-01-02 | Norsk Hydro A.S. | Aluminum shapes coated with brazing material and process of coating |
JPS613662A (ja) * | 1984-06-15 | 1986-01-09 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | アルミニウム合金のろう付方法 |
JPS6225266A (ja) * | 1985-07-26 | 1987-02-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ブラシレスタコゼネレ−タ |
JPH069737B2 (ja) * | 1985-12-27 | 1994-02-09 | 三菱アルミニウム株式会社 | 熱交換器 |
JPH0677819B2 (ja) * | 1986-01-13 | 1994-10-05 | 三菱アルミニウム株式会社 | 熱交換器 |
JPH0616938B2 (ja) * | 1986-04-25 | 1994-03-09 | 三菱アルミニウム株式会社 | 反応はんだ付方法 |
US4754913A (en) * | 1986-06-27 | 1988-07-05 | Norsk Hydro A.S. | Method of joining zinc coated aluminum members and uncoated aluminum members |
JPS6363567A (ja) * | 1986-09-04 | 1988-03-19 | Showa Alum Corp | 耐食性の優れた熱交換器の製造方法 |
JPS6431571A (en) * | 1987-07-27 | 1989-02-01 | Furukawa Aluminium | Production of aluminum made heat exchanger |
-
1991
- 1991-06-14 NO NO912300A patent/NO174455C/no not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-05-13 BR BR9206158A patent/BR9206158A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-13 DE DE0588813T patent/DE588813T1/de active Pending
- 1992-05-13 AT AT92910024T patent/ATE152019T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-13 CA CA002111331A patent/CA2111331C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-13 AU AU17439/92A patent/AU1743992A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-05-13 DE DE69219333T patent/DE69219333T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-13 ES ES92910024T patent/ES2102500T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-13 RU RU93058515/02A patent/RU2094189C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-13 CZ CZ19932744A patent/CZ288264B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-13 JP JP50954892A patent/JP3190935B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-05-13 WO PCT/NO1992/000091 patent/WO1992022397A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-05-13 HU HU9303575A patent/HUT65964A/hu unknown
- 1992-05-13 KR KR1019930703845A patent/KR100202158B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-05-13 EP EP92910024A patent/EP0588813B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-05-18 US US07/884,006 patent/US5316206A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP3190935B2 (ja) | 2001-07-23 |
BR9206158A (pt) | 1995-11-14 |
NO912300L (no) | 1992-12-15 |
RU2094189C1 (ru) | 1997-10-27 |
WO1992022397A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
DE69219333D1 (de) | 1997-05-28 |
DE69219333T2 (de) | 1997-09-25 |
CA2111331A1 (en) | 1992-12-23 |
ES2102500T3 (es) | 1997-08-01 |
AU1743992A (en) | 1993-01-12 |
CZ274493A3 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
ATE152019T1 (de) | 1997-05-15 |
HU9303575D0 (en) | 1994-04-28 |
EP0588813A1 (de) | 1994-03-30 |
JPH07500054A (ja) | 1995-01-05 |
CZ288264B6 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
KR100202158B1 (ko) | 1999-06-15 |
NO174455B (no) | 1994-01-31 |
HUT65964A (en) | 1994-08-29 |
CA2111331C (en) | 2002-03-12 |
NO174455C (no) | 1994-05-11 |
NO912300D0 (no) | 1991-06-14 |
US5316206A (en) | 1994-05-31 |
EP0588813B1 (de) | 1997-04-23 |
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