EP0946777B1 - VERFAHREN ZUM WÄRMEBEHANDELN VON ZnAl-SCHMELZTAUCHBESCHICHTETEM FEINBLECH - Google Patents
VERFAHREN ZUM WÄRMEBEHANDELN VON ZnAl-SCHMELZTAUCHBESCHICHTETEM FEINBLECH Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0946777B1 EP0946777B1 EP97942907A EP97942907A EP0946777B1 EP 0946777 B1 EP0946777 B1 EP 0946777B1 EP 97942907 A EP97942907 A EP 97942907A EP 97942907 A EP97942907 A EP 97942907A EP 0946777 B1 EP0946777 B1 EP 0946777B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thin sheet
- coating
- hot dip
- znal
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 10
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004532 chromating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001474791 Proboscis Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/261—After-treatment in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for heat treatment of with an aluminum containing zinc alloy hot dip coated sheet.
- Hot dip coating of thin sheet with zinc and / or aluminum or their alloys in continuous continuous processes are usually carried out such that the tape is melted by a bath of Coating material is passed. In doing so the surfaces of the tape with the coating material wetted. After leaving the coated tape the melt bath becomes excess melted Blow off coating material from the belt surface. The molten coating material cools and stiffens. The still warm coated tape can then then either cooled to room temperature or undergo further treatment. For example, hot-dip galvanized strip becomes one Subject to aging treatment. This is the tape annealed in the range around 350 ° C for about 3 min Improve deep-drawability (Stahl und Eisen 102 (1982) No. 24, page 1236).
- WO-A-89/09844 describes a method for Heat treatment of a hot-dip coated steel sheet known in which a subsequent painting is provided is.
- the coating according to this prior art In addition to zinc, the alloy used can contain 0.3 to 3.5% by weight. Aluminum included.
- Process performed heat treatment is such composite coating of the steel sheet Temperatures above the melting point of the coating warmed up. Temperatures between 420 and 560 ° C for a coating of 0.5% Al, 0.005% Pb, 0.01% Si and the balance is zinc. By doing this the smoothness of the surface of the coating is improved.
- Enamel or lacquer layer is also a warming of the coated tape to a temperature above 300 ° C to below the temperature of alloy formation for less than 5 minutes have been proposed (EP 0 710 732 A1). This is supposed to be micropores in the lacquer or enamel layer be avoided.
- the ZnAl melt used according to the invention is concerned it is a ZnAl alloy, which in addition to zinc as Main component still 3.5 - 15% Al as well as traces of contains rare earths. In addition, there can still be traces of magnesium, manganese, copper or silicon his.
- composition of the ZnAl melt is conditional Solidification behavior, which on the coating surface too "Grain boundary dents" This formation of the grain boundaries leads to a Impairment of the surface appearance. This will the application of the material for applications with high Surface quality requirements limited. Such areas of application arise in household appliances and in the automobile body after the forming and joining be provided with a sophisticated paint job.
- the object of the present invention is now based on the surface formation of the ZnAl coating so to improve that after cold forming in connection with a paint or other coating process (Chromating, phosphating, protective lacquer sealing) a high quality surface is available.
- this object is achieved by a method for heat treatment with a 3.5 to 15 mass% Zinc-based alloy containing aluminum hot-dip coated thin sheet solved, the immediately after solidification in the hot-dip bath its surface applied coating on a 20th up to 100 ° C above the liquidus temperature of the Coating material lying temperature 2 to 10 s warmed for a long time and then cooled to room temperature becomes.
- Heat treated coating will also be a noticeable Improvement of the surface appearance as a result of Reduction in the grain boundary depth found at ZnAl coatings without using the invention Reheating is clearly pronounced.
- the otherwise flower structure is macroscopically blurred and is not after enamelling or painting more recognizable.
- the inventive method is therefore the application for Thin sheets proposed with a coating from a Zinc-based alloy containing 4.5 to 5.5% Al are coated.
- a preferred heating takes place according to the invention electroinductive way. This way Temperature and duration of heating very fine regulate.
- Another object of the invention is formability with an aluminum-based zinc-based alloy to improve hot dip coated sheet metal so that the formation of cracks during the forming process is avoided.
- hot-dip coated thin sheets tend for cracking. So far, this problem has not been possible be solved satisfactorily.
- hot-dip coated thin sheets are suitable especially for purposes with high demands on the Surface quality. This is especially true for home appliances and automotive body parts the case after forming and joining with a demanding Painting, chromating, phosphating, Protective lacquer sealing, enamelling or the like Surface coating.
- the ribbon is first subjected to a cleaning process. This happens either in a direct burning furnace Heating of the belt surface and non-oxidizing Driving style. At the end of this treatment, the Belt temperature around 650 ° C.
- one chemical pretreatment of the tape e.g. B. alkaline Cleaning.
- the belt then passes through an oven area, in which it recrystallizes at temperatures of around 750 ° C to improve the cold formability.
- this is also used as a reduction furnace designated furnace area due to the furnace atmosphere, the e.g. B. contains about 65% hydrogen, the rest nitrogen existing iron oxides on the strip surface are reduced. So is a good wetting through the molten metal prepared.
- the band temperature Before immersing the tape in Metal smelting is the band temperature in one area lowered from 500 to 580 ° C.
- the band is held under a so-called trunk Exclusion of air led into the hot-dip coating bath.
- the proboscis is used to warm the band inside Radiators. This will be in the trunk Temperatures of around 800 ° C reached.
- the zinc melt containing 5% by mass of Al is 430 ° C. on average.
- a nozzle pressure of about 0.3 bar is set. Air or nitrogen can be used as the blow-off medium. When blowing off, the previously molten coating material solidifies.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
Claims (3)
- Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln von mit einer 3,5 bis 15 Masse-% Al enthaltenden Zinkbasislegierung schmelztauchbeschichtetem Feinblech, das unmittelbar nach dem Erstarren der im Schmelztauchbad auf seine Oberflächen aufgebrachten Beschichtung auf eine 20 bis 100 °C über der Liquidustemperatur des Beschichtungsmaterials liegende Temperatur 2 bis 10 s lang erwärmt und danach auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem ein mit einer Legierung aus 4,5 bis 5,5 Masse-% Al, Rest Zn, beschichtetes Feinblech erwärmt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem das Feinblech auf elektroinduktivem Weg erwärmt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19646362A DE19646362C2 (de) | 1996-11-09 | 1996-11-09 | Verfahren zum Wärmebehandeln von ZnAl-schmelztauchbeschichtetem Feinblech |
DE19646362 | 1996-11-09 | ||
PCT/EP1997/004787 WO1998021378A1 (de) | 1996-11-09 | 1997-09-03 | VERFAHREN ZUM WÄRMEBEHANDELN VON ZnAl-SCHMELZTAUCHBESCHICHTETEM FEINBLECH |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0946777A1 EP0946777A1 (de) | 1999-10-06 |
EP0946777B1 true EP0946777B1 (de) | 2001-07-11 |
Family
ID=7811199
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97942907A Expired - Lifetime EP0946777B1 (de) | 1996-11-09 | 1997-09-03 | VERFAHREN ZUM WÄRMEBEHANDELN VON ZnAl-SCHMELZTAUCHBESCHICHTETEM FEINBLECH |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6231695B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0946777B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001504161A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20000053154A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE203062T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU728356B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2270897A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19646362C2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2161475T3 (de) |
PL (1) | PL184212B1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998021378A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101454475B (zh) * | 2006-05-24 | 2011-04-20 | 蓝野钢铁有限公司 | 处理Al/Zn基合金涂覆产品的方法及所得到的产品 |
DE102012100509B4 (de) * | 2012-01-23 | 2015-10-08 | Thyssenkrupp Rasselstein Gmbh | Verfahren zum Veredeln einer metallischen Beschichtung auf einem Stahlband |
DE102013101847B3 (de) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-03-27 | Thyssenkrupp Rasselstein Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines korrosionsbeständigen Stahlblechs |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE225000C (de) | ||||
AT225000B (de) * | 1960-11-09 | 1962-12-27 | Armco Steel Corp | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines im wesentlichen einphasigen legierten Überzugs aus Zink mit einem kleinen Anteil Aluminium auf einem Stahlkörper oder Stahlband |
JPS608289B2 (ja) | 1978-10-16 | 1985-03-01 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | 加工性のすぐれた溶融めつき鋼板の製造方法 |
US4171392A (en) * | 1978-11-08 | 1979-10-16 | Inland Steel Company | Process of producing one-side alloyed galvanized steel strip |
AT365243B (de) * | 1979-09-26 | 1981-12-28 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zum feuerverzinken von eisen- oder stahlgegenstaenden |
US4390377A (en) * | 1981-01-12 | 1983-06-28 | Hogg James W | Novel continuous, high speed method of galvanizing and annealing a continuously travelling low carbon ferrous wire |
JPS59104462A (ja) | 1982-12-06 | 1984-06-16 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 片面溶融金属めつき方法 |
JPS59145770A (ja) | 1983-02-09 | 1984-08-21 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 片面溶融金属めつき方法 |
JP2755387B2 (ja) * | 1988-04-12 | 1998-05-20 | 大洋製鋼株式会社 | プレコート鋼板用溶融亜鉛アルミニウム合金めっき鋼板の製造方法およびプレコート鋼板 |
US5015341A (en) * | 1988-08-05 | 1991-05-14 | Armco Steel Company, L.P. | Induction galvannealed electroplated steel strip |
FR2726578B1 (fr) * | 1994-11-04 | 1996-11-29 | Lorraine Laminage | Procede de revetement au trempe d'une tole d'acier par une couche metallique a base d'aluminium ou de zinc |
-
1996
- 1996-11-09 DE DE19646362A patent/DE19646362C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-03 PL PL97333106A patent/PL184212B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-03 CA CA002270897A patent/CA2270897A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-09-03 JP JP52206898A patent/JP2001504161A/ja active Pending
- 1997-09-03 DE DE59704040T patent/DE59704040D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-03 EP EP97942907A patent/EP0946777B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-03 KR KR1019990704089A patent/KR20000053154A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-09-03 AT AT97942907T patent/ATE203062T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-03 US US09/308,104 patent/US6231695B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-03 ES ES97942907T patent/ES2161475T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-03 AU AU44574/97A patent/AU728356B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1997-09-03 WO PCT/EP1997/004787 patent/WO1998021378A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2161475T3 (es) | 2001-12-01 |
ATE203062T1 (de) | 2001-07-15 |
CA2270897A1 (en) | 1998-05-22 |
DE59704040D1 (de) | 2001-08-16 |
KR20000053154A (ko) | 2000-08-25 |
DE19646362A1 (de) | 1998-05-14 |
JP2001504161A (ja) | 2001-03-27 |
DE19646362C2 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
PL184212B1 (pl) | 2002-09-30 |
AU728356B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
EP0946777A1 (de) | 1999-10-06 |
AU4457497A (en) | 1998-06-03 |
WO1998021378A1 (de) | 1998-05-22 |
US6231695B1 (en) | 2001-05-15 |
PL333106A1 (en) | 1999-11-08 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990507 |
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