DE3870525D1 - Halogenkohlenwasserstoffmischungen fuer kuehlzwecke. - Google Patents

Halogenkohlenwasserstoffmischungen fuer kuehlzwecke.

Info

Publication number
DE3870525D1
DE3870525D1 DE8888305135T DE3870525T DE3870525D1 DE 3870525 D1 DE3870525 D1 DE 3870525D1 DE 8888305135 T DE8888305135 T DE 8888305135T DE 3870525 T DE3870525 T DE 3870525T DE 3870525 D1 DE3870525 D1 DE 3870525D1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbon mixtures
cooling purposes
halogen hydrocarbon
refrigerant
halogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
DE8888305135T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Donald Bernard Bivens
Helen Ann Connon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE3870525D1 publication Critical patent/DE3870525D1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
DE8888305135T 1987-06-09 1988-06-06 Halogenkohlenwasserstoffmischungen fuer kuehlzwecke. Expired - Lifetime DE3870525D1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US6007787A 1987-06-09 1987-06-09
US07/152,799 US4810403A (en) 1987-06-09 1988-02-05 Halocarbon blends for refrigerant use

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3870525D1 true DE3870525D1 (de) 1992-06-04

Family

ID=26739537

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE8888305135T Expired - Lifetime DE3870525D1 (de) 1987-06-09 1988-06-06 Halogenkohlenwasserstoffmischungen fuer kuehlzwecke.

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US4810403A (de)
EP (1) EP0299614B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2550154B2 (de)
KR (1) KR960000865B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1025214C (de)
AT (1) ATE75501T1 (de)
AU (1) AU597221B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8802765A (de)
CA (1) CA1314139C (de)
DE (1) DE3870525D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2030503T3 (de)
GR (1) GR3004888T3 (de)
HK (1) HK64092A (de)
IN (1) IN169520B (de)
MX (1) MX166811B (de)
MY (1) MY102831A (de)
SG (1) SG65192G (de)

Families Citing this family (117)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH075880B2 (ja) * 1987-09-21 1995-01-25 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷 媒
JPH0730311B2 (ja) * 1987-09-21 1995-04-05 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷 媒
JPH02267473A (ja) * 1989-04-06 1990-11-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 冷凍サイクル装置
US5049296A (en) * 1989-01-28 1991-09-17 Chujun Gu Working media for a thermodynamic engineering device operating in accordance with the Gu thermodynamic cycle
GB8903334D0 (en) * 1989-02-14 1989-04-05 Ici Plc Flame extinguishing compositions
JP2841430B2 (ja) * 1989-03-14 1998-12-24 旭硝子株式会社 作動媒体混合物
JPH02267472A (ja) * 1989-04-06 1990-11-01 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 冷凍サイクル装置
JPH02286780A (ja) * 1989-04-28 1990-11-26 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 圧縮式冷凍機用組成物
US4943388A (en) * 1989-06-28 1990-07-24 Allied-Signal Inc. Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoroethane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane; and chlorodifluoromethane
GB2244492B (en) * 1989-09-12 1993-08-04 Star Refrigeration Three-component refrigerant mixture
US4978467A (en) * 1989-09-26 1990-12-18 Allied-Signal Inc. Azeotrope-like compositions of pentafluoroethane and difluoromethane
IL95894A0 (en) * 1989-10-10 1991-07-18 Great Lakes Chemical Corp Fire extinguishing compositions,methods and systems utilizing bromodifluoromethane
FR2662944B2 (fr) * 1989-11-10 1992-09-04 Atochem Nouveau melange azeotropique a bas point d'ebullition a base de fluoroalcanes et ses applications.
US5237828A (en) * 1989-11-22 1993-08-24 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air-conditioner for an automobile with non-azeotropic refrigerant mixture used to generate "cool head" and "warm feet" profile
EP0430131A1 (de) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-05 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Arbeitsflüssigkeit
US5433879A (en) * 1989-11-30 1995-07-18 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Working fluid containing difluoroethane
EP0430171B1 (de) * 1989-11-30 1993-10-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Arbeitsmittel
US5370811A (en) * 1989-11-30 1994-12-06 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Working fluid containing tetrafluoroethane
JP2548411B2 (ja) * 1989-11-30 1996-10-30 松下電器産業株式会社 作動流体
US5304319A (en) * 1989-11-30 1994-04-19 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Working fluid
AU7470991A (en) * 1990-03-23 1991-10-21 California Institute Of Technology Near azeotropic mixture substitute for dichlorodifluoromethane
JP2792191B2 (ja) * 1990-04-04 1998-08-27 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷 媒
US5262077A (en) * 1990-04-25 1993-11-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Halocarbon blends
CA2079776A1 (en) * 1990-04-25 1991-10-26 Donald B. Bivens Halocarbon blends
FR2662945B1 (fr) * 1990-06-08 1995-03-24 Atochem Utilisation d'un hydrogenofluoroalcane comme agent extincteur.
FR2662947A1 (fr) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-13 Atochem Utilisation d'une composition a base d'halogenoalcanes comme agent extincteur.
FR2662946A1 (fr) * 1990-06-08 1991-12-13 Atochem Composition extinctrice a base de fluoroalcanes.
DE69118208T2 (de) 1990-07-26 1996-09-05 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Co., Wilmington, Del. Quasi-azeotrope Mischungen zur Verwendung als Kältemittel
US5277834A (en) * 1990-07-26 1994-01-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Near-azeotropic blends for use as refrigerants
JPH0532962A (ja) * 1990-08-24 1993-02-09 Daikin Ind Ltd 混合冷媒を用いた冷凍装置
US5304253A (en) * 1990-09-12 1994-04-19 Baxter International Inc. Method for cleaning with a volatile solvent
JPH089557B2 (ja) * 1990-10-19 1996-01-31 ダイキン工業株式会社 共沸乃至共沸様混合物およびこれを冷媒とする冷凍・空調装置
US5076064A (en) * 1990-10-31 1991-12-31 York International Corporation Method and refrigerants for replacing existing refrigerants in centrifugal compressors
GB9026512D0 (en) * 1990-12-05 1991-01-23 Star Refrigeration Multi-component refrigerant
US5185094A (en) * 1990-12-17 1993-02-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Constant boiling compositions of pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, and tetrafluoroethane
US5643492A (en) * 1990-12-17 1997-07-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Constant boiling compositions of HFC-32, HFC-125 and HFC-134 A
US5722256A (en) * 1990-12-17 1998-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Air conditioner and heat pump with tetrafluoroethane-containing working fluid
US5214929A (en) * 1991-01-07 1993-06-01 Goble George H Drop-in substitute for dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant
US5151207A (en) * 1991-01-07 1992-09-29 Goble George H Drop-in substitute for dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant
BE1005222A3 (fr) * 1991-01-18 1993-06-01 Solvay Compositions comprenant du 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane et utilisations de ces compositions.
AU1642192A (en) * 1991-03-18 1992-10-21 Allied-Signal Inc. Non-azeotropic refrigerant compositions comprising difluoromethane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane; or propane
US5725791A (en) * 1991-03-28 1998-03-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
JP3469587B2 (ja) * 1991-04-02 2003-11-25 三洋電機株式会社 冷媒組成物
DE4116274C2 (de) * 1991-05-17 1998-03-19 Forschungszentrum Fuer Kaeltet Kältemittel
US5470496A (en) * 1991-07-12 1995-11-28 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Working fluid containing chlorotetrafluoroethane
JPH0517750A (ja) * 1991-07-12 1993-01-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 作動流体
US5188749A (en) * 1991-07-15 1993-02-23 Elf Atochem North America, Inc. R22/r124/r142b refrigerant blends
US5232618A (en) * 1991-09-30 1993-08-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Substantially constant boiling compositions of difluoromethane and trifluoroethane or perfluoroethane
US5236611A (en) * 1991-10-28 1993-08-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Mixtures of perfluoropropane and trifluoroethane
JP2568774B2 (ja) * 1991-10-28 1997-01-08 松下電器産業株式会社 作動流体
US5290466A (en) * 1991-10-31 1994-03-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Compositions of difluoromethane and tetrafluoroethane
JPH05215424A (ja) * 1991-12-04 1993-08-24 Daikin Ind Ltd 混合冷媒を用いた冷凍装置
US5622645A (en) * 1992-01-24 1997-04-22 Gu; Chujun Nonazeotropic working fluid media for use in thermodynamic cycle applications
CN1031514C (zh) * 1992-01-24 1996-04-10 顾雏军 在热力循环中使用的改进的非共沸工作介质
US5294359A (en) * 1992-02-03 1994-03-15 Alliedsignal Inc. Refrigerant compositions
US5605882A (en) * 1992-05-28 1997-02-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotrope(like) compositions of pentafluorodimethyl ether and difluoromethane
BR9406264A (pt) * 1993-01-20 1996-01-30 Ici Plc Composiçao refrigerante não-azeotrópica
US5458798A (en) * 1993-02-05 1995-10-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of a hydrofluorocarbon and a hydrocarbon
EP0687286B1 (de) * 1993-03-02 1996-10-16 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Zusammensetzungen die hexafluorpropan enthalten
IT1264126B1 (it) * 1993-04-05 1996-09-16 Ausimont Spa Composizioni a base di fluorocarburi idrogenati
FR2707629B1 (fr) * 1993-06-30 1995-09-01 Atochem Elf Sa Mélanges non azéotropiques contenant du difluorométhane et du 1,1,1,2-tétrafluoroéthane et leurs applications comme fluides frigorigènes en conditionnement d'air.
US5408848A (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-04-25 General Signal Corporation Non-CFC autocascade refrigeration system
US5417871A (en) * 1994-03-11 1995-05-23 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Hydrofluorocarbon compositions
US6001273A (en) * 1994-03-11 1999-12-14 Minor; Barbara Haviland Binary azeotropes of difluoromethane and hydrocarbons
US5723429A (en) * 1994-03-11 1998-03-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of tetrafluoroethane and chlorotetrafluoroethane
US5942149A (en) * 1994-04-26 1999-08-24 Weber, Iii; Harrison M. Environmentally safer replacement refrigerant for freon 12-based refrigeration systems
US5492643A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-02-20 Kenneth B. Ruello, Jr. Environmentally safer replacement refrigerant for freon 12-based refrigeration systems
GB9414133D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigerant compositions
GB9414110D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigeration compositions
GB9414136D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigerant compositions
GB9414134D0 (en) * 1994-07-13 1994-08-31 Ici Plc Refrigerant compositions
JP2795224B2 (ja) * 1995-07-20 1998-09-10 ダイキン工業株式会社 冷 媒
US6395699B1 (en) * 1995-08-14 2002-05-28 Asahi Glass Company Ltd. Method of removing grease, oil or flux from an article
AU7239596A (en) * 1995-09-21 1997-04-09 George H. Goble Drop-in substitutes for dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant
US6875370B2 (en) * 1996-03-05 2005-04-05 George H. Goble Drop-in Substitutes for dichlorodifluoromethane refrigerant
GB9522701D0 (en) * 1995-11-07 1996-01-10 Star Refrigeration Centrifugal compression refrigerant composition
IT1277085B1 (it) 1995-12-14 1997-11-04 Ausimont Spa Composizioni ternarie quasi azeotropiche costituite da fluorocarburi idrogenati e idrocarburi adatte come fluidi refrigeranti
US5827446A (en) * 1996-01-31 1998-10-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Nonafluoromethoxybutane compositions
EP0946667A1 (de) * 1996-08-08 1999-10-06 Donald E. Turner Hexafluorpropylen enthaltendes alternatives kühlmittel
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US5900185A (en) * 1996-09-27 1999-05-04 University Of New Mexico Tropodegradable bromine-containing halocarbon additives to decrease flammability of refrigerants, foam blowing agents, solvents, aerosol propellants, and sterilants
US6274062B1 (en) * 1996-10-07 2001-08-14 James B. Tieken Halocarbon/hydrocarbon refrigerant blend
US5989448A (en) * 1998-03-20 1999-11-23 Ermak; Boris Refrigerant mixture containing hydrogen bromide
US6270689B1 (en) * 1998-03-26 2001-08-07 Ikon Corporation Blend compositions of trifluoroiodomethane, tetrafluoroethane and difluoroethane
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US6629419B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2003-10-07 Refringerant Products Ltd. CFC 12 replacement refrigerant
US6606868B1 (en) 1999-10-04 2003-08-19 Refrigerant Products, Ltd. R 22 replacement refrigerant
US7329786B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2008-02-12 Great Lakes Chemical Corporation Processes for producing CF3CFHCF3
GB0206413D0 (en) * 2002-03-19 2002-05-01 Refrigerant Products Ltd Refrigerant for centrifugal compressors
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US20050038302A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-02-17 Hedrick Vicki E. Systems and methods for producing fluorocarbons
GB0404343D0 (en) * 2004-02-27 2004-03-31 Rpl Holdings Ltd Refrigerant composition
US8715521B2 (en) 2005-02-04 2014-05-06 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Absorption cycle utilizing ionic liquid as working fluid
MX2008011180A (es) 2006-03-03 2008-10-17 Rpl Holdings Ltd Composicion refrigerante.
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US20080153697A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company Mixtures of ammonia and ionic liquids
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US20110127273A1 (en) * 2007-12-11 2011-06-02 TOKITAE LLC, a limited liability company of the State of Delaware Temperature-stabilized storage systems including storage structures configured for interchangeable storage of modular units
US20090145912A1 (en) * 2007-12-11 2009-06-11 Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware Temperature-stabilized storage containers
US8215835B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2012-07-10 Tokitae Llc Temperature-stabilized medicinal storage systems
US9140476B2 (en) 2007-12-11 2015-09-22 Tokitae Llc Temperature-controlled storage systems
US8215518B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2012-07-10 Tokitae Llc Temperature-stabilized storage containers with directed access
US8377030B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2013-02-19 Tokitae Llc Temperature-stabilized storage containers for medicinals
US8069680B2 (en) 2007-12-11 2011-12-06 Tokitae Llc Methods of manufacturing temperature-stabilized storage containers
US9174791B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2015-11-03 Tokitae Llc Temperature-stabilized storage systems
US9205969B2 (en) * 2007-12-11 2015-12-08 Tokitae Llc Temperature-stabilized storage systems
GB0922288D0 (en) 2009-12-21 2010-02-03 Rpl Holdings Ltd Non ozone depleting and low global warming potential refrigerants for refrigeration
US9372016B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2016-06-21 Tokitae Llc Temperature-stabilized storage systems with regulated cooling
US9447995B2 (en) 2010-02-08 2016-09-20 Tokitac LLC Temperature-stabilized storage systems with integral regulated cooling
WO2015140887A1 (ja) * 2014-03-17 2015-09-24 三菱電機株式会社 冷凍サイクル装置
US10330364B2 (en) 2014-06-26 2019-06-25 Hudson Technologies, Inc. System and method for retrofitting a refrigeration system from HCFC to HFC refrigerant
GB201505230D0 (en) 2015-03-27 2015-05-13 Rpl Holdings Ltd Non ozone depleting and low global warming refrigerant blends
CN107401850B (zh) * 2017-08-24 2023-07-14 上海加冷松芝汽车空调股份有限公司 适宜于自然工质的客车空调制冷系统
KR20200090230A (ko) 2017-11-27 2020-07-28 알피엘 홀딩즈 리미티드 낮은 gwp 냉매 블렌드
JP7224975B2 (ja) * 2019-03-11 2023-02-20 ダイキン工業株式会社 １，１，２－トリフルオロエタン（ｈｆｃ－１４３）を含む組成物
CN113631534A (zh) * 2019-03-11 2021-11-09 大金工业株式会社 含有1,1,2-三氟乙烷的组合物
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FR2564955B1 (fr) * 1984-05-28 1987-03-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de production de chaleur et/ou de froid au moyen d'une machine a compression fonctionnant avec un fluide mixte de travail
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JPH0812996B2 (ja) * 1991-07-15 1996-02-07 日本電気株式会社 バッファ回路

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS641787A (en) 1989-01-06
BR8802765A (pt) 1988-12-27
ATE75501T1 (de) 1992-05-15
JP2550154B2 (ja) 1996-11-06
US4810403A (en) 1989-03-07
EP0299614B1 (de) 1992-04-29
IN169520B (de) 1991-11-02
KR960000865B1 (ko) 1996-01-13
AU597221B2 (en) 1990-05-24
AU1752288A (en) 1988-12-15
EP0299614A3 (en) 1990-01-24
MY102831A (en) 1992-11-30
CN1025214C (zh) 1994-06-29
HK64092A (en) 1992-09-04
CN88103467A (zh) 1988-12-28
GR3004888T3 (de) 1993-04-28
MX166811B (es) 1993-02-08
CA1314139C (en) 1993-03-09
ES2030503T3 (es) 1992-11-01
SG65192G (en) 1992-09-04
KR890013155A (ko) 1989-09-21
EP0299614A2 (de) 1989-01-18

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