DE2030085C3 - Emulgiermittel - Google Patents
EmulgiermittelInfo
- Publication number
- DE2030085C3 DE2030085C3 DE2030085A DE2030085A DE2030085C3 DE 2030085 C3 DE2030085 C3 DE 2030085C3 DE 2030085 A DE2030085 A DE 2030085A DE 2030085 A DE2030085 A DE 2030085A DE 2030085 C3 DE2030085 C3 DE 2030085C3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- monoester
- sodium
- transition
- emulsifier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 96
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008267 milk Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 102
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-stearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 50
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- FKOKUHFZNIUSLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Hydroxypropyl stearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)O FKOKUHFZNIUSLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium propionate Chemical compound [Na+].CCC([O-])=O JXKPEJDQGNYQSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 44
- 239000004324 sodium propionate Substances 0.000 description 44
- 235000010334 sodium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 44
- 229960003212 sodium propionate Drugs 0.000 description 44
- 229940093625 propylene glycol monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 43
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 16
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- 235000012839 cake mixes Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000019219 chocolate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229940045845 sodium myristate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- JUQGWKYSEXPRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O JUQGWKYSEXPRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M Sodium oleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O BCKXLBQYZLBQEK-KVVVOXFISA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical group [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- JEMDXOYRWHZUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octadecanoyloxypropyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JEMDXOYRWHZUCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 108010076119 Caseins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 102000011632 Caseins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N [(2s,3r,4r,5r)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexyl] (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO WERKSKAQRVDLDW-ANOHMWSOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011850 desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015243 ice cream Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- JVRGQRSHPUQHKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid;propanoic acid Chemical compound CCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O JVRGQRSHPUQHKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940080237 sodium caseinate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000008256 whipped cream Substances 0.000 description 3
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000008415 Lactuca sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000199 molecular distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWUAEFUHELCUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxy-2-methylicosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)(O)C(O)=O QWUAEFUHELCUHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102220497106 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B_I57A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N Alpha-Lactose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-XLOQQCSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000760038 Monosis Species 0.000 description 1
- 102220473319 PCNA-associated factor_I65A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229920002230 Pectic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N Sorbitan monostearate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HVUMOYIDDBPOLL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000290333 Vanilla fragrans Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009499 Vanilla fragrans Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012036 Vanilla tahitensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940022663 acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010419 agar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZQKXOSJYJMDROL-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminum;trisodium;diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ZQKXOSJYJMDROL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012820 baking ingredients and mixes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZAASRHQPRFFWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-P diazanium;oxygen(2-);uranium Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[U].[U] ZAASRHQPRFFWCS-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
- KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L dipotassium;[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OP([O-])([O-])=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O KCIDZIIHRGYJAE-YGFYJFDDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014103 egg white Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000969 egg white Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002314 glycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013905 glycine and its sodium salt Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004247 glycine and its sodium salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021552 granulated sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001261 hydroxy acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011005 laboratory method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N pectic acid Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](OC2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O2)C(O)=O)O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 LCLHHZYHLXDRQG-ZNKJPWOQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010318 polygalacturonic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010408 potassium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000737 potassium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007420 reactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019992 sake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBPUSGBJDWCHKC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(O)CC([O-])=O NBPUSGBJDWCHKC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940029258 sodium glycinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940023144 sodium glycolate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SOEVVANXSDKPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium glyoxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=O SOEVVANXSDKPIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229940058349 sodium levulinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940045870 sodium palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZEZSZCSSTDPVDM-DKWTVANSSA-M sodium;(2s)-2-aminopropanoate Chemical compound [Na+].C[C@H](N)C([O-])=O ZEZSZCSSTDPVDM-DKWTVANSSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GOCYQQKRJUGVRU-SQQVDAMQSA-M sodium;(e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound [Na+].C\C=C\C([O-])=O GOCYQQKRJUGVRU-SQQVDAMQSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WUWHFEHKUQVYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-aminoacetate Chemical compound [Na+].NCC([O-])=O WUWHFEHKUQVYLF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BUBOVHRAKJTFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-hydroxy-2,4-dioxobutanoate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)C(=O)CC([O-])=O BUBOVHRAKJTFKI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RDKYCKDVIYTSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-oxopentanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)CCC([O-])=O RDKYCKDVIYTSAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GGXKEBACDBNFAF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000606 toothpaste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEJAMASKDTUEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(1,1,3-tribromo-2,2-dimethylpropyl) phosphate Chemical compound BrCC(C)(C)C(Br)(Br)OP(=O)(OC(Br)(Br)C(C)(C)CBr)OC(Br)(Br)C(C)(C)CBr JEJAMASKDTUEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940100445 wheat starch Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/14—Organic oxygen compounds
- A21D2/16—Fatty acid esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/52—Liquid products; Solid products in the form of powders, flakes or granules for making liquid products ; Finished or semi-finished solid products, frozen granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/10—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing emulsifiers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
- A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
- A61K8/37—Esters of carboxylic acids
- A61K8/375—Esters of carboxylic acids the alcohol moiety containing more than one hydroxy group
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G2200/00—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
- A23G2200/08—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents containing cocoa fat if specifically mentioned or containing products of cocoa fat or containing other fats, e.g. fatty acid, fatty alcohol, their esters, lecithin, paraffins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q11/00—Preparations for care of the teeth, of the oral cavity or of dentures; Dentifrices, e.g. toothpastes; Mouth rinses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/02—Organic and inorganic agents containing, except water
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/01—Wetting, emulsifying, dispersing, or stabilizing agents
- Y10S516/03—Organic sulfoxy compound containing
- Y10S516/04—Protein or carboxylic compound containing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S516/00—Colloid systems and wetting agents; subcombinations thereof; processes of
- Y10S516/905—Agent composition per se for colloid system making or stabilizing, e.g. foaming, emulsifying, dispersing, or gelling
- Y10S516/917—The agent contains organic compound containing oxygen
- Y10S516/918—The compound contains carboxylic acid ester group
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Grain Derivatives (AREA)
- Dairy Products (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83450069A | 1969-06-18 | 1969-06-18 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2030085A1 DE2030085A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-01-07 |
| DE2030085B2 DE2030085B2 (de) | 1981-05-21 |
| DE2030085C3 true DE2030085C3 (de) | 1982-03-18 |
Family
ID=25267075
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2030085A Expired DE2030085C3 (de) | 1969-06-18 | 1970-06-18 | Emulgiermittel |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3673106A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA948019A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2030085C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1319825A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3991224A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1976-11-09 | Kraftco Corp | Whipped food product and method for making same |
| US4761279A (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1988-08-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Shaving cream formulations |
| US5652011A (en) * | 1990-11-23 | 1997-07-29 | Van Den Bergh Foods Co., Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Low fat spreads and dressings |
| ATE108306T1 (de) | 1990-11-23 | 1994-07-15 | Unilever Nv | Verwendung von mesomorphen phasen in nahrungsmitteln. |
| EP0664083A1 (en) * | 1994-01-21 | 1995-07-26 | Unilever N.V. | Low calorie foodstuffs, comprising a mesomorphic phase of surfactants |
| ES2279519T3 (es) * | 1995-05-02 | 2007-08-16 | Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd | Composicion para administracion por via oral. |
| US5626903A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-05-06 | Van Den Bergh Foods Co., Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Fat sparing system, especially for cookie filler cremes |
| EP1602283A1 (en) * | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-07 | Nestec S.A. | Use of polyol esters of fatty acids in aerated frozen confection with decreased freezing point |
| US6596333B1 (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2003-07-22 | Nestec S.A. | Process for producing aerated frozen products |
| US6306447B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2001-10-23 | Danisco A/S | Integrated emulsifier and edible fiber |
| US20050084540A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-04-21 | Indranil Nandi | Taste masking antibiotic composition |
| GB2411814B (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2008-06-04 | Danisco | Emulsifier system for frozen foods |
| GB0329517D0 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2004-01-28 | Danisco | Process |
| MX272734B (es) * | 2003-12-19 | 2009-12-14 | Danisco | Procedimiento para la produccion de un producto alimenticio congelado. |
| US7943585B2 (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2011-05-17 | Sandoz, Inc. | Extended release antibiotic composition |
| EP1597976B1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2013-01-30 | Nestec S.A. | Use of polyol esters of fatty acids in aerated frozen confection with improved nutritional attributes |
| WO2010111132A2 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2010-09-30 | Bend Research, Inc. | Spray-drying process |
| PT2611529T (pt) | 2010-09-03 | 2019-05-09 | Bend Res Inc | Método de secagem por pulverização |
| PT2611530T (pt) | 2010-09-03 | 2019-05-09 | Bend Res Inc | Aparelho de secagem por pulverização e métodos de utilização do mesmo |
| WO2012040502A1 (en) | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | Bend Research, Inc. | High-temperature spray drying process and apparatus |
| EP3212169B1 (en) | 2014-10-31 | 2021-01-13 | Bend Research, Inc. | Process for forming active domains dispersed in a matrix |
| WO2020170252A1 (en) * | 2019-02-24 | 2020-08-27 | Garlic & Herbs Dorot Agricultural Cooperation Ltd | Method for producing fat-based substrate utilized for preparing multiple dessert types |
| MX2021015659A (es) * | 2019-06-21 | 2022-02-03 | Apeel Tech Inc | Compuestos extraidos de materia vegetal y metodos de preparacion de los mismos. |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2021027A (en) * | 1930-04-02 | 1935-11-12 | Snell Foster Dee | Oil emulsion |
| US2285422A (en) * | 1940-02-12 | 1942-06-09 | Albert K Epstein | Emulsion |
| US2628930A (en) * | 1951-05-17 | 1953-02-17 | Hoffmann La Roche | Aqueous emulsions of lipoid-soluble vitamins |
| US3034898A (en) * | 1960-12-09 | 1962-05-15 | Eastman Kodak Co | Mixed partial ester compositions |
| US3093488A (en) * | 1961-07-21 | 1963-06-11 | Robert P Graham | Preparation of stable dehydrated products |
-
1969
- 1969-06-18 US US834500A patent/US3673106A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1970
- 1970-06-08 GB GB2757070A patent/GB1319825A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-06-08 CA CA084,895A patent/CA948019A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-06-18 DE DE2030085A patent/DE2030085C3/de not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2030085B2 (de) | 1981-05-21 |
| GB1319825A (en) | 1973-06-13 |
| US3673106A (en) | 1972-06-27 |
| CA948019A (en) | 1974-05-28 |
| DE2030085A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-01-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |