DE102007061422A1 - Schmierölzusammensetzung für verbesserte Oxidations-,Viskositätsanstiegs-,Ölverbrauchs- und Kolbenablagerungskontrolle - Google Patents

Schmierölzusammensetzung für verbesserte Oxidations-,Viskositätsanstiegs-,Ölverbrauchs- und Kolbenablagerungskontrolle Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102007061422A1
DE102007061422A1 DE102007061422A DE102007061422A DE102007061422A1 DE 102007061422 A1 DE102007061422 A1 DE 102007061422A1 DE 102007061422 A DE102007061422 A DE 102007061422A DE 102007061422 A DE102007061422 A DE 102007061422A DE 102007061422 A1 DE102007061422 A1 DE 102007061422A1
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Prior art keywords
oil
lubricant composition
base
group
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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DE102007061422A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
William Y. Lam
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Afton Chemical Corp
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Filing date
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Publication of DE102007061422A1 publication Critical patent/DE102007061422A1/de
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M111/00Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M111/04Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28Esters
    • C10M2207/283Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28Amides; Imides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/046Overbasedsulfonic acid salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045Metal containing thio derivatives
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04Detergent property or dispersant property
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C10N2030/041Soot induced viscosity control
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40Low content or no content compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/74Noack Volatility
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25Internal-combustion engines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
DE102007061422A 2007-03-26 2007-12-20 Schmierölzusammensetzung für verbesserte Oxidations-,Viskositätsanstiegs-,Ölverbrauchs- und Kolbenablagerungskontrolle Withdrawn DE102007061422A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/691,246 US20080236538A1 (en) 2007-03-26 2007-03-26 Lubricating oil composition for improved oxidation, viscosity increase, oil consumption, and piston deposit control
US11/691,246 2007-03-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE102007061422A1 true DE102007061422A1 (de) 2008-10-02

Family

ID=39284340

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE102007061422A Withdrawn DE102007061422A1 (de) 2007-03-26 2007-12-20 Schmierölzusammensetzung für verbesserte Oxidations-,Viskositätsanstiegs-,Ölverbrauchs- und Kolbenablagerungskontrolle

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20080236538A1 (ja)
JP (1) JP5094369B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN101275098B (ja)
DE (1) DE102007061422A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2915998B1 (ja)
GB (1) GB2448022B (ja)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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DE2805865A1 (de) * 1978-02-11 1979-08-23 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrischer kleingetriebemotor, insbesondere fuer einen elektromotorischen fensterheber-antrieb in fahrzeugen
US8084403B2 (en) * 2009-05-01 2011-12-27 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricant formulations and methods
US8349776B2 (en) * 2009-09-29 2013-01-08 Chevron Oronite Company Llc Trunk piston engine lubricating oil compositions
WO2016123279A1 (en) * 2015-01-29 2016-08-04 Bestline International Research, Inc. Motor oil blend and method for reducing wear on steel and eliminating zddp in motor oils by modifying the plastic response of steel
US20150247103A1 (en) 2015-01-29 2015-09-03 Bestline International Research, Inc. Motor Oil Blend and Method for Reducing Wear on Steel and Eliminating ZDDP in Motor Oils by Modifying the Plastic Response of Steel
US9376643B2 (en) * 2013-10-02 2016-06-28 Biosynthetic Technologies, Llc Estolide compositions exhibiting superior high-performance properties
EP3088499B1 (en) 2015-02-14 2023-05-31 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Process for in situ synthesis dispersion of zno nanoparticles in oil
WO2016156328A1 (en) * 2015-03-31 2016-10-06 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Use of a lubricating composition comprising a hindered amine light stabilizer for improved piston cleanliness in an internal combustion engine
US10738258B2 (en) * 2017-03-24 2020-08-11 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Method for improving engine fuel efficiency and energy efficiency

Citations (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180575A (en) 1963-01-16 1965-04-27 Raymond W Warren Fluid time gate
US3219666A (en) 1959-03-30 1965-11-23 Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds
US3565804A (en) 1965-08-23 1971-02-23 Chevron Res Lubricating oil additives
US3697574A (en) 1965-10-22 1972-10-10 Standard Oil Co Boron derivatives of high molecular weight mannich condensation products
US3736357A (en) 1965-10-22 1973-05-29 Standard Oil Co High molecular weight mannich condensation products from two different alkyl-substituted hydroxy-aromatic compounds
US4152499A (en) 1977-01-22 1979-05-01 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Polyisobutenes
US4234435A (en) 1979-02-23 1980-11-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation
US4636322A (en) 1985-11-04 1987-01-13 Texaco Inc. Lubricating oil dispersant and viton seal additives
US4702850A (en) 1980-10-06 1987-10-27 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Power transmitting fluids containing esters of hydrocarbyl succinic acid or anhydride with thio-bis-alkanols
US4867890A (en) 1979-08-13 1989-09-19 Terence Colclough Lubricating oil compositions containing ashless dispersant, zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate, metal detergent and a copper compound
US4943672A (en) 1987-12-18 1990-07-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Process for the hydroisomerization of Fischer-Tropsch wax to produce lubricating oil (OP-3403)
US5627259A (en) 1994-06-17 1997-05-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amidation of ester functionalized hydrocarbon polymers
US5633326A (en) 1989-12-13 1997-05-27 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polyolefin-substituted amines grafted with poly(aromatic-N-monomers) for oleaginous compositions
US5643859A (en) 1992-12-17 1997-07-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Derivatives of polyamines with one primary amine and secondary of tertiary amines
US5792729A (en) 1996-08-20 1998-08-11 Chevron Chemical Corporation Dispersant terpolymers
US5851965A (en) 1995-12-01 1998-12-22 Chevron Chemical Company Dispersant compositions having polyalkylene succinimides
US5882505A (en) 1997-06-03 1999-03-16 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Conversion of fisher-tropsch waxes to lubricants by countercurrent processing
US5936041A (en) 1994-06-17 1999-08-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Dispersant additives and process
US6013171A (en) 1998-02-03 2000-01-11 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Catalytic dewaxing with trivalent rare earth metal ion exchanged ferrierite
US6080301A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-06-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Premium synthetic lubricant base stock having at least 95% non-cyclic isoparaffins
US6096940A (en) 1995-12-08 2000-08-01 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils
US6103099A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-08-15 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Production of synthetic lubricant and lubricant base stock without dewaxing
US6165949A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-12-26 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Premium wear resistant lubricant

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US6066940A (en) * 1997-01-06 2000-05-23 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Capacitor charging method
US6180575B1 (en) * 1998-08-04 2001-01-30 Mobil Oil Corporation High performance lubricating oils
US6063171A (en) * 1998-11-16 2000-05-16 Electrolux Llc Bactericidal vacuum cleaner filter bag
EP1266954A1 (en) * 2001-06-15 2002-12-18 Infineum International Limited Specific basestock mixtures for diesel engine lubricating compositions
US20030166473A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-09-04 Deckman Douglas Edward Lubricating oil compositions with improved friction properties
US20030171223A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-09-11 Winemiller Mark D. Lubricating oil compositions with improved friction properties
US6992049B2 (en) * 2002-01-31 2006-01-31 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Lubricating oil compositions
EP1340803A1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2003-09-03 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions
EP1340804B1 (en) * 2002-02-27 2016-11-16 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil compositions
US20050124504A1 (en) * 2002-07-26 2005-06-09 Ashland Inc. Lubricant and additive formulation
US20040087452A1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2004-05-06 Noles Joe R. Lubricating oil composition
US6846782B2 (en) * 2003-04-04 2005-01-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Method of reducing intake valve deposits in a direct injection engine
CA2474959C (en) * 2003-08-07 2009-11-10 Infineum International Limited A lubricating oil composition
US20060276354A1 (en) * 2004-06-14 2006-12-07 Ici Americas, Inc. Automotive lubricant composition
EP1743933B1 (en) * 2005-07-14 2019-10-09 Infineum International Limited A use to improve the compatibility of an overbased detergent with friction modifiers in a lubricating oil composition
CN1891803B (zh) * 2006-05-19 2010-05-12 赵国春 内燃机用纳米润滑油及其制造方法

Patent Citations (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3219666A (en) 1959-03-30 1965-11-23 Derivatives of succinic acids and nitrogen compounds
US3180575A (en) 1963-01-16 1965-04-27 Raymond W Warren Fluid time gate
US3565804A (en) 1965-08-23 1971-02-23 Chevron Res Lubricating oil additives
US3697574A (en) 1965-10-22 1972-10-10 Standard Oil Co Boron derivatives of high molecular weight mannich condensation products
US3736357A (en) 1965-10-22 1973-05-29 Standard Oil Co High molecular weight mannich condensation products from two different alkyl-substituted hydroxy-aromatic compounds
US4152499A (en) 1977-01-22 1979-05-01 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Polyisobutenes
US4234435A (en) 1979-02-23 1980-11-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation
US4867890A (en) 1979-08-13 1989-09-19 Terence Colclough Lubricating oil compositions containing ashless dispersant, zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphate, metal detergent and a copper compound
US4702850A (en) 1980-10-06 1987-10-27 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Power transmitting fluids containing esters of hydrocarbyl succinic acid or anhydride with thio-bis-alkanols
US4636322A (en) 1985-11-04 1987-01-13 Texaco Inc. Lubricating oil dispersant and viton seal additives
US4943672A (en) 1987-12-18 1990-07-24 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Process for the hydroisomerization of Fischer-Tropsch wax to produce lubricating oil (OP-3403)
US5633326A (en) 1989-12-13 1997-05-27 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polyolefin-substituted amines grafted with poly(aromatic-N-monomers) for oleaginous compositions
US5643859A (en) 1992-12-17 1997-07-01 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Derivatives of polyamines with one primary amine and secondary of tertiary amines
US5627259A (en) 1994-06-17 1997-05-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amidation of ester functionalized hydrocarbon polymers
US5936041A (en) 1994-06-17 1999-08-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Dispersant additives and process
US5851965A (en) 1995-12-01 1998-12-22 Chevron Chemical Company Dispersant compositions having polyalkylene succinimides
US5853434A (en) 1995-12-01 1998-12-29 Chevron Chemical Company Fuel compositions having polyalkylene succinimides and preparation thereof
US6096940A (en) 1995-12-08 2000-08-01 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Biodegradable high performance hydrocarbon base oils
US5792729A (en) 1996-08-20 1998-08-11 Chevron Chemical Corporation Dispersant terpolymers
US5882505A (en) 1997-06-03 1999-03-16 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Conversion of fisher-tropsch waxes to lubricants by countercurrent processing
US6013171A (en) 1998-02-03 2000-01-11 Exxon Research And Engineering Co. Catalytic dewaxing with trivalent rare earth metal ion exchanged ferrierite
US6080301A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-06-27 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Premium synthetic lubricant base stock having at least 95% non-cyclic isoparaffins
US6103099A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-08-15 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Production of synthetic lubricant and lubricant base stock without dewaxing
US6165949A (en) 1998-09-04 2000-12-26 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Premium wear resistant lubricant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2448022B (en) 2009-05-27
FR2915998B1 (fr) 2013-10-04
GB0803202D0 (en) 2008-04-02
CN101275098B (zh) 2012-04-04
US20080236538A1 (en) 2008-10-02
JP5094369B2 (ja) 2012-12-12
JP2008239953A (ja) 2008-10-09
FR2915998A1 (fr) 2008-11-14
GB2448022A (en) 2008-10-01
CN101275098A (zh) 2008-10-01

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