CZ16895A3 - Absorption article with less expandable preventers - Google Patents

Absorption article with less expandable preventers Download PDF

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Publication number
CZ16895A3
CZ16895A3 CZ95168A CZ16895A CZ16895A3 CZ 16895 A3 CZ16895 A3 CZ 16895A3 CZ 95168 A CZ95168 A CZ 95168A CZ 16895 A CZ16895 A CZ 16895A CZ 16895 A3 CZ16895 A3 CZ 16895A3
Authority
CZ
Czechia
Prior art keywords
absorbent article
topsheet
absorbent
edges
extensible
Prior art date
Application number
CZ95168A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Ward Osborn Iii
Original Assignee
Procter & Gamble
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25435272&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CZ16895(A3) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Procter & Gamble filed Critical Procter & Gamble
Publication of CZ16895A3 publication Critical patent/CZ16895A3/cs

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/531Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having a homogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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    • A61F13/15Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
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    • A61F13/4752Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins characterised by edge leakage prevention means the means preventing fluid flow in a transversal direction the means being an upstanding barrier
    • A61F13/4753Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins characterised by edge leakage prevention means the means preventing fluid flow in a transversal direction the means being an upstanding barrier the barrier being not integral with the topsheet or backsheet
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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Description

Oblast techniky
i.
£
Tento' vynález se týká absorbčních výrobků jako jsou například plepy, hygienické vložky, vložky do kalhotek a vložky při inkontinenci.' Zvláště se tento vynález týká absorbčních výrobků jako jsou roztažitelné hygienické vložky, jež jsou opatřeny méně roztažitelnými okraji, které slouží jako bariéry proti proudění tekutin.
Dosavadní stav techniky.
Absorbční výrobky jako hygienické vložky,., vložky do kalhotek a vložky při inkontinenci, jsou zařízení obvykle nošená v rozkrokové části spodního prádla. Jsou navržena k abso-rbci a podržení tekutiny a jiných výmětků lidského těla a. zabránění znečišťování těla a oděvu. Zdokonalení úrovně těchto výrobků, zvláště snížení úrovně jejich průsaku, zůstává obrovským úkolem, třebaže došlo k řadě jejich vylepšení j;ak v materiálech, tak strukturách.
Například jednorázové absorbční výrobky byly již dříve vybavovány elastickými členy ke zvýšení' úrovně jejich boční netěsnosti. Např. patent USA 3 860 003, vydaný Buellovi 14. ledna, 1975, uvádí elastikované jednorázové absorbční výrobky, v nichž je elastický člen umístěn v postranní klopě výrobku mezi horní*vrstvou a zadní vrstvou. Boční klopa je nabírána elastickým členem tak, člunovou konfiguraci a boční klopy okrajů tohoto výrobku.
Patent. USA 4 738 .677, vydaný Foremanovi s názvem
Absorbční výrobek se zadržovací kapsou, uvádí ještě jeden druh zábrany proudění tekutin, který zahrnuje první soubor že vložka představuje vytvářejí bariéru podél bariérových manžet podél podélných okrajů výrobku a jejich druhý soubor podél koncových okrajů výrobku. Bariérové klopy se překrývají v rohových bodech a tvoří kapsu zadržování. První soubor bariérových manžet je opatřen rozpérnými členy jako je elastický člen, udržující oba soubory bariérových manžet od tekutiny přijímajícího povrchu absorbčního výrobku.
Typicky většina jednorázových absorbčních výrobků výše uvedeného typu (t.j. hygienické vložky, vložky do kalhotek a vložky při inkontinencí) jsou z materiálů, jež se neroztahují. T.j. materiály (a výrobky samotné) se nebudou roztahovat silami, jimž je absorbční výrobek normálně při nošení podroben. V poslední době však byla úsilí zaměřena k zajištění roztažitelných absorbčních výrobků se zvýšeným pohodlím a přizpůsobením se tělu nositele a spodnímu prádlu(jde-li o typ nošený ve spodním prádle). Publikace žádosti PCT č. 93/01785 a její korespondující U.S. žádost pořadového č. 07/915133, obé podané 23. července, 1992 (.jichž je tato žádost částečným pokračováním), popisuji- roztažitelné absorbční výrobky. Hledání vylepšení charakteristik těchto absorbčních výrobků však pokračuje. Zvláště existuje potřeba, roztažitelného absorbčního výrobku, jako je hygienická vložka, opatřeného zábranami proti proudění tekutin.
Cílem tohoto vynálezu je tudíž poskytnout roztažitelný absorbční výrobek, jako např. hygienická vložka, jenž je opatřen zábranami proti proudění tekutin.
Dalším cílem vynálezu je poskytnout roztažitelný absorbční výrobek, jako např, hygienická' vložka, jenž je opatřen bariérami, které jsou'méně roztažitelné než daná vložka a budou přecházet z relativně ploché dispozice do vzpřímenější polohy, když se bude hygienická' vložka roztahovat.
Tyto a další cíle vynálezu budou lépe zřejmé při posouzení s následujícím popisem a doprovodnými nákresy.
Podstata vynálezu
Tento vynález poskytuje absorbční výrobek jako je například hygienická vložka. Hygienická vložka tohoto vynálezu má alespoň některé roztažitelné komponenty. Je opatřena méně roztažitelnými bariérami proti proudění tekutin.
Hygienická vložka má oblast prvního konce, oblast druhého konce, centrální oblast umístěnou mezi oblastmi prvního a druhého konce; pár podélných bočních okrajů a pár koncových okrajů, jež formují obvod vložky.· Vložka, v přednostním ztvárnění, má centrální oblast,, jež je užší než regiony prvního a druhého konce (například tato vložka může být tvaru přesýpacích hodin či psí kosti). Vložka přednostně zahrnuje roztažitelnou, tekutinou prostupnou horní vrstvu, roztažitelnou, tekutinou nepropustnou zadní vrstvu připojenou k horní vrstvě, roztažitelné absorbční jádro umístěné mezi horní a zadní vrstvou a méně *
roztažitelné' tekutinu nepropouštějící okraje, jež slouží jako bariéry proti proudění tekutin. V tomto přednostním ztvárnění tyto okraje zahrnují úzké proužky folie, jež překrývají horní vrstvu podél, podélných bočních okrajů vložky. Každý pruh má vnější a vnitřní okraje a pár konců. Vnější okraje jsou umístěny dále od podélné střední osy vložky, než vnitřní okraje. Vnější okraje a konce pruhů jsou upevněny k horní vrstvě podél obvodu vložky. Vnitřní okraje pruhů nejsou mezi konci k horní vrstvě upevněny.
Je-li vložka neroztažená, pruhy leží naplocho proti horní vrstvě. Když se vložka protáhne, nepřipevněné části pruhů přejdou z ploché'dispozice do vzpřímenější polohy. Pruhy formují okraje čelem dovnitř (či ploché těsnění) podél podélných okrajů hygienické vložky, jež slouží jako bariéry proti proudění tekutin napříč horní vrstvouf Zvedáni těchto' ~ pruhů je v důsledku rozdílu roztažitelnosti spojené s připevněnými a nepřipevněnými okraji bariérových pruhů. Účinek je zejména zdůrazněn, > pokud má vložka tvar přesýpacích hodin nebo psí kosti, kde je centrální oblast vložky užší než regiony okraje. V zejména přednostním ztvárnění mohou být podobné pruhy rovněž připevněny podél koncových okrajů vložky, aby tvořily bariéry podél celého obvodu hygienické vložky.
Přehled obrázků na výkrese
Vynález bude lépe pochopen z následujícího popisu, provedeného v souladu s doprovodnými výkresy (ne vždy v odpovídájícim měřítku), z nichž je:
Obr. 1 - půdorysný pohled shora přednostním ztvárněním vložky tohoto vynálezu ' s odříznutou částí horní vrstvy k zobrazení podkladové struktury.
Obr. 2 - pohled průřezem hygienické vložky, podél linie
2-2 z Obr. 1 (s velikosti bariér pro účely ilustrace značně zvětšených).
Obr. 3 - půdorysný-pohled zespodu hygienické vložky na
Obr. 1,
Obr. 4 - perspektivní pohled na hygienickou vložku na .Obr.
' ’ · rfnřfr r ·*· -’·«·· «,·<>.. s «-sr. «?.·· ».·.·*; ·μ^ · ·♦***; ,VS ’ ,--U I lpote, co je vložka roztažena (pro jednoduchost jen s jednou, zobrazenou bariérou).
Obr. 5 - pohled schematickým příčným řezem podél linie
5-5 hygienické vložky 'znázorněné na Obř, 4 (zobrazeno se zjednodušeným uspořádáním vrstev a s oběma barierami na místě).
Obr. 6 - horní půdorysný pohled znázorňující roztažitelnos.t vložky (pro jednoduchost bez bariér).
Obr. 7 - tabulka, znázorňující přednostní vztahy mezi velikostí roztahujících sil aplikovaných na vložku a velikostí, jíž se vložka roztahuje v reakci na tyto sily.
Příklady provedeni vynálezu
Obr. 1-3 znázorňují přednostní ztvárnění absorbčního výrobku na jedno použití tohoto vynálezu. Tento vynález se 'týká roztažitelných absorbčních výrobků jako. jsou pleny, hygienické vložky, vložky do kalhotek a vložky při inkontinencí, jež jsou opatřeny méně roztažitelnými- okraji proti prouděni tekutin.
V přednostním ilustrovaném ztvárnění je absorbčním výrobkem hygienická vložka označená 20. Pojem hygienická vložka zde užívaný, se týká výrobku, který je nošen ženami přilehle pundentální oblasti a má sloužit k absorbci a zadržení rozmanitých eksudátů vylučovaných tělem (např. krev, menses a moč). Mělo by však být chápáno, že tento vynález je též použitelný pro jinou ženskou hygienu nebo katameniální vložky, jako vložky do kalhotek či jiné absorbční výrobky, jako vložky při inkontinencí a podobně.
Hygienická vložka 20 má dva povrchy, tělo kontaktující tekutinám . propustný,.- ..povrch, ' či tělový -povrch .-20A a tekutinu nepropouštějící povrch směrem k oděvním součástem 20B. Vložka 20 na Obr. 1 je z pohledu, jak vypadá ze svého tělového povrchu 20A. Tělový povrch 20A se nosí přilehle k tělu nositele. Povrch součásti oděvní 20B vložky 20 (na Obr. 2) je na protější straně a při nošení vložky 20 je umístěn přilehle ke spodnímu prádlu nositele.
Vložka 20 má dvě středové osy, podélnou středovku L a příčnou středovku T, jež se protínají v s bodě I. Pojem podélný, jak je zde používán, se týká linií, os nebo směru v rovině hygienické vložky 20, jež je celkově ve společné ose (t.j. přibližné paralelně k) s vertikální rovinou, jež rozděluje při nošeni vložky 20 stojícího nositelé na levou a pravou polovinu. Pojmy příčný a laterální zde užívané, jsou vzájemně zaměnitelné a týkají se linie, osy nebo směru, jež leží uvnitř- roviny vložky 20, jež je celkové kolmá k podélnému směru.
Obr. 1 zobrazuje, že vložka 20 má též dva od sebe umístěné podélné okraje (či boční okraje) 22 a dva od sebe umístěné příčné nebo koncové okraje (nebo konce) 24, jež spolu formují příslušný obvod (či periferii) 26 vložky 20. Vložka (či hlavní část jejího těla) má též koncové dvě oblasti, označené jako region prvního konce 28 a region druhého konce 30. Centrální region 32 je umístěn mezi koncovými regiony 28 a 30. Koncové regiony 28 a 30 se protahují směrem ven od okrajů centrálního regionu 32 asi 1/8 až do 1/3 délky části hlavního tělesa. . Podrobný popis centrálního regionu 32 a dvou. koncových regionů 28 a 30 je obsažen v patentu USA 4 690 680, vydaném Higginsovi 1. září, 1987.
Vložka 20 může být jakékoli tlouštky, včetně.relativně tlusté, relativně tenké, tenké nebo velmi tenké. Ztvárnění vložky 20 na Obr. .1-3 je příkladem relativné tenké, přednostně ultratenké hygienické vložky. Mělo by však být jasné,, že.....při. ,pohle.d.u,..;.nax_ty,to. obrázky, počet„vrstev působí .
dojmem, že vložka- 20 se jeví tlustší, než skutečně je.. Ultratenká hygienická vložka, je popisovaná v patentech USA 4 950 264 a 5 009 653, vydaných Osbornovi, má přednostně průměrku méně než 3 milimetry. Zobrazená tenká hygienická vložka 20 by měla být též přednostně relativně ohebná tak, aby byla pohodlná pro nositele. . . .
Obr. 2 zobrazuje jednotlivé komponenty vložky tohoto vynálezu. Vložka 20 na Obr. 2 celkově zahrnuje alespoň čtyři primární komponenty. Je to tekutinu propouštějící horní vrstva 38, tekutinu nepropouštějící zadní vrstva 40, ábsorbční jádro 42 umístěné mezi horní vrstvou 38 a zadní vrstvou 40 a alespoň jednu bariéru a, přednostně, pár bariér 44. proti proudění tekutin podél bočních okrajů 22 vložky. 'Přednostní podoba na. Obr. 1-3 též zahrnuje méně.roztažitelný element 216 umístěný v centrální oblasti 32, který se odchyluje stranou v reakci na roztažení (a přednostně se zvedá k zajištění lepšího :kontaktu s tělem). Hygienická vložka, k níž jsou dané bariéry připevněny, může být’jednou z těch popisovaných v PCT Publication č. WO 93/01785 a 93/01786, a zahrnovat jeden či více roztažitelných komponentů a přednostněji, .je složena ze všech roztažitelných komponentů (s výjimkou méně roztažitelného prvku.) a má celkovou roztažitelnost.;
Roztažitelnost hygienické vložky 20 je znázorněna na zjednodušené fazóně na Obr. 6. Pojem roztažitelný, jak je zde- používán, se týká výrobků, jež se mohou zvětšovat aspoň v jednom ze svých' rozměrů v rovině x-y. Rovina x-y je rovina i, celkově paralelní k čelním stranám vložky 20. Pojem roztažitelný v sobě obsahuje výrobky, jež jsou roztažitelné a elasticky roztažitelné (definováno níže), vložka 20 na Obr. 6 je přednostně roztažitelné jak do délky, tak do šířky. Vložka 20 v jiných podobách však může být roztažitelná jen v jednom z těchto směrů. Přednostně je hygienická vložka - 20 roztažitelná -aspoň v podélném směru.
Vložka 20 může v nékterých přednostních ztvárněních vedle roztažitelnosti být i elastická. Pojem elastický zde užívaný, se týká výrobků, jež jsou roztažitelné při aplikaci roztažných sil na výrobek a roztahování kladou určitý odpor. Ještě přednostněji, vložka 20 může být elasticky roztažitelná. Pojmy elasticky roztažný anebo elasticky roztažitelný jsou zamýšleny jako synonyma. Tyto pojmy zde používané znamenají, že jsou-li síly -roztažení odstraněny,
vložka bude mít
prodloužením či
nepotřebuje, aby :
dimenzí. Může se,
rozměrů (jako jsou
tendenci návratu ke svým rozměrům před roztažením (původním)· Vložka 20 však
Lr a WR) mezi její neroztažené a roztaLg a Wg. Učinění vložky elasticky ženě (či roztažné dimenze) roztažnou redukuje nežádoucí tendenci vložky kupit se podélně směrem dovnitř .(t.j., podélně se vrásnit), když jsou síly s tendencí roztahovat vložku odstraněny. To je obzvláště pravdivé, když se kalhotky nositele stahují.
Hygienická vložka 20 je přednostně roztažitelné ve velikostech popisovaných v PCT' Publication č.' WO 93/01785 a WO 93/01786. K sumarizaci téhož, vložka má přednostně schopnost roztažení okolo 5% do méně než asi 50%, přednostněji mezi okolo 10% a asi 40% a. nejpřednostněji mezí okolo 25% a asi 40% na základě sil' spojených s nošením hygienické vložky v páru kalhotek. Přednostně je vložka schopna . takového roztaženi na základě sil mezi 50 - 100 gramů do asi 1-000 - 1 500 gramů, přednostněji za sil mezi 250 gramy a asi SQO gramy, jiné přednostní hodnoty roztaži telnosti jsou stanoveny v Tabulce 1 (Obr. 7). Rozumí se, že všechny zde specifikované limity a rozpětí obsahují všechna užší rozpětí, limity a velikosti, jež. jsou v rozmezí specifikovaných limitů a rozpětí. Hygienická vložka tohoto vynálezu může být rovněž opatřena jakýmkoli z jiných .„^.charakteristických .. rysů.... -vložek.—-popisovaných- u,-ve*« výše· uvedených publikacích -včetně struktury, jež zajišťuje silovou stěnu k zabránění>protažení za určitou velikost bez podstatného zvýšení množství síly na vložku aplikovanou. Jednotlivé komponenty vložky 20 tohoto vynálezu budou nyní podrobněji popsány s odkazem na Obr. 1-3.
Horní vrstva .38 ’zahrnuje první tekutinou propustný komponent. Při použití vložky 20 je horní vrstva 38 těsné u pokožky nositele.·Horní vrstva 38 je přednostně poddajná, s měkkým pocitem a nedráždící pokožku jak je to jen možné. Tato vrstva by měla dále projevovat dobrou protlačnost a zmenšenou tendenci znova se navlhčovat, umožňujíce tělním výmětkům aby jí rychle prostupovaly a proudily směrem k jádru 42, ale nedovolující, aby tyto proudily zpět horní vrstvou 38 k pokožce nositele.
Horní vrstva 38 má dvě strany (čelní strany či povrchy), stranu u těla 38A a stranu přilehlou ke spodnímu prádlu (či stranu přilehlou jádru) 38B. Strana u těla 38A celkově tvoří alespoň část povrchu vložky 20 kontaktujícího tělo (tělesný povrch). Horní vrstva 38 má dva podélné okraje 38C a dva koncové okraje 38D.
Podobný systém číslování je použit u ostatních komponentů vložky. T.j., strana komponentu k tělu nositele může být označena číslem daného komponentu a referenčním písmenem A a strana k součástem spodního prádla nositele též číslem daného komponentu a písmenem B. Příslušná strana a okraje mohou být označeny číslem daného komponentu a referenčními písmeny C., respektive D.
Vhodná horní vrstva může být vyrobená z široké řady materiálů zahrnující, ale ne omezenou na, tkané a netkané materiály, aperturované formované termoplastické folie, aperturované plastické folie, hydroformované folie, porézní pěny, retikulární pěny, retikulární termoplastické folie a termoplastické muly. Vhodné' tkané a netkané materiály mohou obsahovat přírodní vlákna (např.-dřevěná-či-.bavlněná-)syntetická či upravená přírodní vlákna (např.. polymerová vlákna jako polyester, polypropylenová vlákna, polyetylén nebo polyvinylalkohol, pryskyřice na. základě škrobu, polyuretany, estery celulózy, nylon a vlákna umělého hedvábí) anebo z kombinace přírodních a syntetických vláken. Obsahuje-li horní vrstva 38 netkanou materii, tato může být netkaná, mykaná, kladená mokrým procesem, vyfukovaná tavením, hydrosplétaná, kombinace uvedených anebo podobné.
463 045, vydaný Ahrovi, et al. 31. USA č. 5 000 394, vydaný .Bairdovi 9.
Horní vrstva 38 může být mechanickou operací jako plisování, válcování materiálu horní vrstvy,
Folie s otvory jsou celkově upřednostňovány pro horní vrstvu 38, protože propouštějí tekutiny a pokud patřičné aperturovány, mají zmenšenou tendenci dovolit tekutinám zpětný pohyb a znovu zvlhčit pokožku nositele. Vhodné aperturované folie popisuje patent USA č. 3 929 135, vydaný Thomsonovi- 30. prosince, 1995, patent USA č. 4 324 426, vydán Mullanemu et al. 13. dubna,. 1982, patent USA č. 4 342 314, vydaný Radelovi et al. '3. srpna, 1982, patent USA č.
července, 1984 a patent dubna, 1991.
učiněna roztažitelnou zvlnění nebo prstencové aby se v ní vytvořily záhyby, jež se otevřou, až bude horní vrstva roztažena. Tento postup může být prováděn na mnoha výše. uvedených materiálech horní vrstvy. V jednom přednostním ztvárnění tohoto vynálezu je horní vrstva 38 vyrobena dle patentu USA č. 4 463 045 a prstencově válcována, aby měla určitý stupeň podélné roztažitelnosti. Taková horní vrstva je popisována v U.S. žádosti o patent pořadového čísla 07/936 195, s názvem Polymerová tkanina s deformovanými úseky, jež jí poskytují podstatně zvýšenou roztažitelnost, podané jménem Johna J. Curro, et al. 25. srpna, 1992.
Vhodné prstencového válcování nebo předzvlnění popisuje patent USA č. 4 107 364, vydaný Sissonovi 15.
1978 ^patent. „USA č. ..4 ,.834 .741, , vydaný Sabee . 30..
1989 a spolu vyřizované a postoupené patentní USA pořadového č..07/662 536, podané Geraldem M.
et al. 28. února, 1991, č. 07/662 537 podané
Kennethem B. Buellem et al. 28. února, 1991 a č. 07/662 543 podané Geraldem M. Weberem et al. 28. února, 1991.
Linie vrásů ve zvlněních prstencové válcované horní vrstvy by měly být v příčném směru, aby vrstva byla podélně róztažitelná. V jiných ztvárněních by mohly linie záhybu být srpna, května, žádosti Weberem v podélném směru, obou směrech a/nebo jiných směrech. Horní vrstva 38 bude roztažitelné směry kolmo k linii vrásů.
V přednostním ztvárnění je horní vrstva 38 hydrofilní, takže tekutiny jí budou procházet rychleji, než kdyby nebyla hydrofilní. To zmenší pravděpodobnost, že tělesné eksudáty s ni stečou, než aby byly pohlceny absorbčním jádrem. Horní vrstva může být učiněna hydrofilní činidly povrchové úpravy. Vhodné způsoby aplikace povrchově aktivních činidel popisují patenty USA č. 4 950 254 a 5 009 653, vydané Osbornovi.
Navíc, v přednostních ztvárněních, je vnitřní povrch horní vrstvy 38B zajištěn v kontaktu s podkladovou absorbční . vrstvou.' Tento kontakt vede k tomu, že tekutina prostupuje horní vrstvou 38 rychleji, než kdyby horní vrstva 38 nebyla v kontaktu s absorbčním komponentem. Horní vrstva 38 může být udržována v kontaktu s podkladovou vrstvou jejím připojením k podkladové vrstvě. Avšak, není absolutně nutné spojit přední stranu horní vrstvy 38 s přední stranou podkladové vrstvy. Horní vrstva 38 může být udržována v kontaktu s podkladovým absorbčním komponentem pomocí ahesiv mezi těmito, spletením vláken podkladové vrstvy s horní vrstvou, natavením horní vrstvy 38 k podkladové absorbční vrstvě pomoci množství jednotlivých diskrétních tavných spojů anebo pomocí jakýchkoli známých prostředků v současném stavu techniky.
Absorbční jádro 42 je umístěno mezi horní 38 a zadní % 40- vrstvou. - Absorbční jádro 42 zajištu je., prostředek pro absorbci mensesu a jiných tělních tekutin. Absorbční jádro 42 nemusí' mít mnohem větší kapacitu, než celkové množství tekutiny očekávané k absorbci. Jádro 4 2 je celkové stlačitelné, přizpůsobivé a nedráždící pokožku nositele.
Absorbční jádro 42 může zahrnovat jakýkoli materiál užívaný v současném stavu techniky pro tento účel.
Neomezující příklady zahrnují přírodní materiály, jako rozmělněná dřevěná buničina, na níž se obecné odkazuje jako na airfelt, krepová celulozová vata, hydrogel vytvářející polymerové, gelující prostředky, upravená zesíténá celulozová vlákna (jako ta, jež popisuje patent USA č. 5 217 445, vydaný Youngovi, et al. 8. června, 1993), vlákna s kapilárními kanály (t.j., vlákna s intravláknovými kapilárními kanály jako ty, které popisuje patent USA č. : 5 200 248, vydaný Thomsonoví, et al. 6. dubna, 1993), absorbční pěny, absorbční houby, syntetická staplová vlákna, polymerová vlákna, rašelinový mech, či jakýkoli jiný, ekvivalentní materiál anebo jejich kombinace.
Na polymerové prostředky zgelování výše může být též odkazováno jako na absorbční želatinační materiály, či superabsorbční materiály. Polymerové zgelovací prostředky jsou takové materiály, jež při kontaktu s tekutinami jako vodou či jinými tělními tekutinami, tyto nasakují a tvoří tím hydrogely. Takto mohou být vylučované tekutiny do absorbčního jádra 4 2 nabývány a zadržovány pomocí polymerového zgelovacího prostředku, čímž poskytují tomuto výrobku zvýšenou absorbční kapacitu a/nebo vyšší úroveň retence tekutin. Polymerový zgelovací prostředek užitý v absorbčním jádře 42 bude obecně obsahovat částice 41 z vá vodě podstatně nerozpustného, nepatrně zesítěného, částečné neutralizovaného, /hydrogel vytvářejícího polymerového materiálu. Polymerový zgelovací prostředek může být jakékoli formy, jako např. ve formě pelet, vloček či vláken. .·
Vsjednom.přednostním.ztvárnění, r zobrazeném na Obr. 2, je absorbčním jádrem 42 laminát/ skládající se z vrstvy superabsorbčního polymerového materiálu jaký je ve formě částic 41, mezi dvěmi vzduchem položenými tkaninami, první a druhou vrstvou tkaniny (či horní a dolní vrstvou) 43. a 47. První a druhá vrstva 43 a 47 zajišťují zadržení superabsorbčního polymerového materiálu, zlepšují laterálni knotový efekt absorbovaných eksudátů v celém absorbčním jádru 42 a poskytují určitý stupeň absorbce. Tkaninové vrstvy 43 a 47 mohou obsahovat přehýbané rouno z jedné tkaniny se superabsorbčními částicemi 41 uvnitř, či dvé oddělené vrstvy téže (či jiné) tkaniny.
Vhodným laminátem je superabsorbční laminát známý jako WATER-LOCK L-535 od Grain Processing Corporation of Muscatine, Iowa (Water-LOCK registrovaný TM ze strany Grain Processing Corporation). Tyto superabsorbční lamináty uvádí patent USA č. 4 467 012, vydaný Pedersenovi et al. 21.
srpna, 1984, patent USA č. 4 260 443, vydaný Lindsayovi et al. 7. dubna, 1981 a patent USA č. 4 578 068, vydaný Kramerovi, et al. 25. března, 1986. Laminátové absorbční jádro. 42 může být učiněno roztažitelným řezáním nebo ; podélným nařezáním tohoto. Obr. 1 zobrazuje, že absorbční jádro 42 je laminátem, jak výše popsán; který je podélně nařezán (přednostně po jeho celé ploše) kvůli podélné roztažitelnosti.
V alternativních ztvárněních může být laminátové absorbční jádro 42 učiněno roztažitelným tím, že se vyrobí z tkaninového papíru s roztažitelnosti mezi 20% a 200% (t.j. schopnost roztažení asi 1,2 a 3 krát, než je jeho neroztažený rozměr). Takové vrstvy .tkaniva . mohou být vyráběny řadou postupů. Tkaninový-papír může být v jednom ztvárnění konvenčně krepovaná tkanina. Například to může být tkanina BOUNTY, vzatá ihned potom, co byla odkrepována, ze sušícího bubnu Yankee předtím, než došlo k vytažení krepu , z tkaniva. ; Postup pro^ výrobu takového .-tkaniva*· je-'*popsárr v patentu USA č. 5 098 552, vydaném Smurkoskimu, ét al. 24.
března, 1992.
Podélné a koncové okraje 22 a 24 vložky 20 jsou přednostně izolovány, aby zabránily knotovému efektu a vytlačování tekutiny nebo jí obsahujícího superabsorbčního materiálu z vložky když je roztažena. Alternativně mohou být izolovány okraje 42C a 42D absorbčního jádra 42 spíše, než izolování okrajů celé vložky. Okraje jádra 42 mohou být například zabaleny nebo přikryty vrstvou tkaniny. V jiných ztvárněních mohou být okraje tkaniny přehnutý či jinak upraveny, aby se bránilo knotovému efektu a vytlačování tekutiny nebo částic 41 jí obsahujícího superabsorbčního materiálu z jádra 4 2. všechny stálé izolace okolo obvodu hygienické vložky 20 by Se neměly porušit při prodloužení (t.j. s jakýmkoli těsněním se počítá, že zůstane po celé trvání užívání hygienické vložky).
Zadní vrstva 40 bráni eksudátům pohlceným a zadržovaným absorbčním.jádrem 42,· aby zvlhčovaly části prádla ve styku s vložkou. Zadní vrstva 40 je nepropustná tekutinám (např. menses a/či moč) a přednostně obsahuje tenký, pružný, tekutinou nepropustný materiál.
Zadní vrstva 40 může zahrnovat tkaný či netkaný materiál, polymerové folie jako termoplastické folie polyetylénu nebo polypropylénu, či kompozitní materiály jako vrstvou pokrytý netkaný materiál. Přednostně je zadní vrstva 40 polyetylénovou vrstvou s tloustkou od asi 0,012 mm do asi 0,051 mm. Příkladné polyetylénové folie vyrábí Clopay Corporation of Cincinnati, . Ohio, pod označením P18-O41 a firma Tredegar Film Products of Terre Haute, Indiána, s označením XP-39385.
2adní vrstva 40 je přednostně vytlačována a/nebo upravena maté finišem' kvůli oděvnímu vzhledu. Vrstva 40 může dále .... umožňovat .parám, .aby unikaly ... z absorbčního jádra 42 (t.j. dýchá) a přitom stále ješté brání průchodu eksudátům skrze tuto vrstvu. Mohou být též použity oplachovatelné či biodegradující zadní vrstvy, např. ty se zařízeními krycí vrstvy kalhotek zde popsanými.
Zadní vrstva 40 může- být učiněna roztažitelnou provedením mechanické, operace jako plizování, zvlnění či prstencovým válcováním materiálu zadní vrstvy. Přednostně se však zadní vrstva činí roztažitelnou jejím zformováním z elastomerické folie jako ta, jíž popisuje patent USA 4 476 180, vydaný Wnukovi 9. října, 1984. Takovou folii vyrábí Exxon Chemical Company of Lake Zurich IL jako folii Exxon EXX-500 (dříve EXX-7).
Ještě jednou zvlášť přednostní, roztažitelnou zadní vrstvou 40 je roztažitelná adhesívní folie #198-338, jíž vyrábí Findley Adhesives Company of Wauwatosa, Wisconsin. Tato folie je tekutinu nepropouštějící, schopna roztažení 200-300%. Dává se jí přednost též proto, že je elasticky roztažitelná. Zadní vrstva 40 může obsahovat roztažitelné laminátové struktury zahrnující dvě či více vrstev. Např., zadní vrstva 40 muže obsahovat laminát vytvořený z vrstvy adhesívní . folie Findley pokryté na obou stranách roztažitelnou netkanou sítovinou nebo nějakou roztažitelnou folií. Dalším vhodným materiálem zadní vrstvy je netkaný/foliový laminát, jež popisuje patent USA č. 5 007
906, vydaný Osbornovi 16. dubna, 1991.
Hygienická vložka 20 je též výběrově vybavena méně roztažitelným prvkem 216 mezi horní vrstvou 38 a absorbčním jádrem 4 2. Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 je umístěn přibližně v centrálním regionu 32 vložky 20. Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 odchyluje v odpovědi na roztahování zbytek vložky (a přednostně zvedá k zajištění lepšího tělesného kontaktu).
Méně roztažitelný prvek 216; .může být obecně z jakéhokoli druhu komponentu, jenž je v dalších partiích části hlavního části vložky se týkají jiných roztažitelné bariéry. Bariéry přednostně fungují nezávisle na méně roztažitelném prvku.) Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 může být relativné neroztažitelný. v jiných ztvárněních může mít méně roztažitelný prvek nějaký stupeň roztažitelnosti.
méně roztažitelný aspoň těla 21 vložky.(Tyto jiné částí vložky, než méně
Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 má stranu k tělu 216A, k prádlu 216B, pár podélných okrajů 216C a pár koncových okrajů 216D. Struktura méně roztažitelného prvku 216 je přednostně tuhá dost, aby dovolila vydouvání nebo borcení, když jsou aplikovány dovnitř směřující kompresní síly na podélné okraje 216C méně roztažitelného prvku. Méně roztažný prvek 216 by .se přednostně neměl bortit dovnitř (t.j., rozmačkat se jako houba) bez zajištění určitého zdvihu ve směru - z, v. reakci na laterální kompresní síly vyvíjené na vložku během používání.. Méně roztažitelný prvek může být ve formě vrstvy materiálu nebo jiné vhodné formě. Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 bude přednostně udržovat dostatečnou tuhost, když je jak suchý,· tak po namočení (např. tělními eksudátyj.
Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 může být vyroben z jakéhokoli vhodného materiálu. Ten by-mél být měkkýpružný, sací, ale dost tuhý, aby. se nevydouval'či bortil. Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 může být z mnoha základních druhů materiálů absorbcního jádra zde- specifikovaných. Tyto materiály jádra by však neměly· být podrobovány žádnému procesu k zajištění roztažitelnosti (jako plizování, zvlňování nebo' prstencové válcování). Obr. 1-3 ukazují podobu, kde méně roztažitelný prvek 216 obsahuje podélné nerozstříhaný superabsorbční- laminát. Prvek 216 je též přednostně navržen, aby -zajišťoval- vydouvání pomocí jeho složení, aby v vytvářel středovou podélně orientovanou linii skladu téhož.
Méně roztažitelný prvek 216 může být jednoduše umístěn na. horní stranu, jádra 42 a udržován na místě skrytým uložením proti obklopujícím komponentům vložky 20. V podobě na Obr., 1-3,' méně., roztažitelný. prvek· 216 je připevněn v jednom bodě 230 na každém z okrajů jeho podélné strany.
Když je vložka 20 prodloužena, její centrální region 32 se zužuje. To působí vyboulení či borcení prvku 216 a vytvoření hřebenu 218 (na Obr. 4 a 5) podél podélné střední osy L hygienické vložky 20
Bariéry 44 na Obr. 1-5 obsahují úzké pruhy materiálu, překrývajícího horní vrstvu 38. Bariéry 44 jsou přednostně umístěny aspoň podél podélných bočních okrajů 22 vložky. Každý pruh 44 má stranu směrem ven 44A, směrem dovnitř 44B, pár okrajů zahrnujících vnitřní 44C1 a vnější okraje 44C a dva konce 44D. Vnější okraje 44C jsou umístěny dále od průsečíku podélné a příčné osy vložky, než vnitřní okraje 44 C' .
Proximální okraje bariér jsou formovány upevněním vnějších okrajů 44C a konců 44D daných pruhů k horní vrstvě 38 podél obvodu 26 vložky. Vnitřní okraje 44C1 těchto pruhů jsou mezi konci pruhů 44D k horní vrstvě neupevněny,, aby tvořily distální okraje bariér. . Obr. 1 a 2 zobrazují přednostní způsob připojení barier 44 k horní vrstvě 38. Zobrazené ztvárnění má bariéry 44 s vnějšími okraji 44C. jež mají stejné půdorysné uspořádání jako okraje 22 a 24 hygienické vložky. Vnější okraje 44 jsou v rovině s těmito bočními okraji. Vnitřní okraje 44C1 jsou prodlouženy směrem dovnitř lehce přes dané absorbční jádro.
Bariéry 44 jsou připojeny k horní vrstvě 38 bariérovou izolací 92, jež je přednostně tekutině nepropustná. Bariérová izolace 92 může být jakýkoli druh prostředků připevnění zde popisovaných. Přednostně bariérová izolace 92 obsahuje buď adhesivum nebo tepelné spojení, aplikované v přibližně stejné konfiguraci jako šev obvodu 90 užitý k upevnění horní a zadní vrstvy (popsáno níže).
Bariéry 44 na Obr. 1 a 2 mají pouze jednu přednostní konstrukci. Existují početné možné varianty velikosti a tvaru bariér a způsobu jejich připojení k vložce. Bariéry mohou být v jiných ztvárněních daleko větší, např. v různých absorbčních výrobcích jako jsou pleny. Bariéry nemusí být ve stejné konfiguraci jako okraje absorbčního výrobku, ani být v rovině spojeny s konci výrobku. Například, bariéry mohou být připojeny na proximálním okraji, jenž je umístěn směrem dovnitř od okrajů absorbčního výrobku. Bariéry mohou též, v méně přednostních ztvárněních, mít distální. okraje, jež jsou připojeny k vložce ve stejných bodech mezi příslušnými konci bariér. Jsou možně též jiné podoby.
Bariéry 44 mohou obsáhovat jakýkoli vhodný, tekutiny nepropouštějící či jim odolný materiál. Bariéry jsou méně roztažitelné než komponent (např. horní vrstva 38.), k němuž jsou připevněny za stejných aplikovaných sil. Bariéry mohou být relativně neroztažitelné. Alternativně, tyto mohou být roztažitelné, ale méně než komponent, k němuž jsou připevněny.
V přednostním ztvárnění na Obr. 1-3, bariéry zahrnují roztažitelnou, přednostně elasticky roztažitelnou folii, jako folie vyrobená dle patentu USA č. 4 476 180, vydaném Wnukovi 16. dubna, 1991. Jednou z těchto folii je elastomerická folie EXX-500 (dříve EXX-7) od Exxon Chemical Company of Lake Zurich, IL. Ve zvlášť přednostním ztvárněni bariéry 44 obsahuji pruhy, jako je folie 144, opatřené měkkými povrchy k tělu ... k 2.ajišt.ění„.. zvýšeného, .pohodlí nositeli. Obr. 2 ukazuje přiklad, kde· pruhy folie 144 mají měkký, přednostně vysoce hydrofobický, netkaný materiál 146, laminovaný k jejich ven obráceným stranám.
Ve zvlášť přednostním ztvárnění mohou být podobné pruhy připevněny podél koncových okrajů vložky k formováni bariér podél celého obvodu vložky. Pruhy . podél bočních a koncových okrajů mohou být- připevněny jeden k druhému k zajištění nepřetržité bariéry okolo celého obvodu nebo mohou být nepřipevněny.
Bariéry fungují následně. Když je vložka neroztažená, pruhy 44 leží naplocho proti horní vrstvě 38. Když je hygienická vložka roztažena, nepřipojené části pruhů 44 přechází z ploché dispozice do vzpřímenější pozice a formují čelem dovnitř okraje (či plochá těsnění) podél podélných okrajů vložky, jež slouží jako zábrany proudění tekutin přes horní vrstvu. Zvedání pruhů je v důsledku různé velikosti., do níž se připevněné a nepřipevněné okraje bariérových okrajů roztahují. Přednostně, jak uvádí Obr. 5, bariéry a okraje vložky se oboje svíjejí nahoru a vytváří okraje a zajišťují strukturu bariéry tvaru U podél okraje dané vložky. '
Komponenty výše popsané hygienické vložky (horní a zadní vrstva, absorbční jádro apod.) mohou být upevněny dohromady jakýmkoli vhodným způsobem, jenž umožní vložce 20, aby se roztahovala. V přednostní podobě na Obr. 1 jsou komponenty vložky 20 dimenzovány tak, aby se okraje horní 38 a zadní vrstvy 40 prodlužovaly směrem ven ža okraje absořbčního jádra 42. Části okrajů ' horní vrstvy 38. roztahující se směrem ven za okraje jádra 38, jsou upevněný ke korespondujícím částem zadní vrstvy 40. Jak ukazuje Obr. 1, horní vrstva 38 je přednostně upevněna k zadní 40 podél tekutiny nepropouštějícího švu 90. Šev 90.mohou formovat jakékoli prostředky běžné užívané k tomuto účelu v současném stavu techniky a 'jsou přednostně ,tvořeny přilnutím horní vrstvy 38 k adhesivu zadní vrstvy.
' Bylo zjištěno, že tato konstrukce adekvátně zajištuje komponenty hygienické vložky bez upevnění předních stran přilehlých komponentů jednoho k druhému. Ačkoli, jak výše uvedeno, často 'sé’ upřednostňuj ě rovněž upevnit některé komponenty v jej‘ich předních stranách.
Výše je přednostní ztvárněni pokud jde o jednoduchost sestavení. (Mohou být užity jiné prostředky spojování různých komponentů.) Například, tento vynález též obsahuje t.zv. dusovité výrobky, v nichž tekutiny propouštějící krycí materiál (jako ten horní vrstvy) může být obalen zcela okolo absorbčního jádra a zadní vrstvy a pak mohou být komponenty upevněny... dohromady. V jiných uspořádáních by horní vrstva mohla být obalena okolo jádra a zabalené jádro umístěno na a připevněno k zadní vrstvě.
Obr. 3 ukazuje, že vnější povrch 2OB hygienické vložky může být vybaven upevňovadlem jako je např. samolepicí adhesivum 50 k upevnění vložky 20 do. rozkroku kalhotek. Adhesivum může být užito v jiných vhodných uspořádáních. Adhesivní upevňovadlo 50 může být roztažitelné či nikoli nebo může být aplikováno tak, že některé části příslušného vzoru mohou být roztažitelné a některé nikoli. ... . '
Je-li adhesivum roztažitelné, přednostně se roztahuje přibližně stejnou velikostí, jako vložka jak uvádí Tabulka 1. Vhodná roztažitelné adhesiva obsahují roztažitelné adhesiva jako taková a kombinace roztažitelného adhesiva·/ bariérové folie. Může být užito jakékoli roztažitelné adhesivum známé v současném stavu techniky. Vhodné kombinace, folie roztažitelného adhesiva/bariéry obsahují, ale nejsou' omezeny na neroztažitelná adhesiva užívaná na materiálu folie.roztažitelné bariéry; elasticky roztažitelné-adhesivní folie jako Findley adhesivum 198-338; či sprayová adhesiva jako 3M adhesivum 1442 na elastické folii s nízkým modulem.
Vhodná neroztažitelná adhesiva mohou být ta specifikovaná jako kalibr 0,6 tisícin palce, k dostání od
Century Adhesive jako výrobek A3O5-4, či od Anchor
Continental, lne. , 3 Sigma Division., of Covington, Ohio, a Fuller H-2238ZP vyráběný H.B. Fuller Co. Vhodné neroztažitelné adhesivní upevňovadla jsou podrobněji popsána v patentu USA 4 917 697.
Adhesivní upevňovadlo 50 je přednostně pokryto uvolňovacím krytem (či krycím pruhem) 52, jímž může být jakýkoli komerčně dostupný. V jednom přednostním ztvárnění může být uvolňovací kryt nahrazen obalem, který poskytuje jak individuálně balená vložka, tak kontajner pro zbavení se vložky po použití jako např. ten, jenž popisuje patent USA 4 556 146, vydaný Swansonovi, et al.. 3. prosince, 1985.
Upevňovadla byla pro jednoduchost popisu původné popsána v termínech adhesiv. Druhy upevňovadel však nejsou omezena na adhesiva. Přednostní upevňovadla obsahují, ale nejsou omezena na, adhesivní upevňovací prostředky jako jsou samolepicí ' adhesiva, mechanická upevňovadla a kombinace adhesiv a mechanických upevňovadel. Vložka může být též opatřena dle volby polyetylenovými koncovými chrániči 140.
Následující přiklad dále ilustruje praxi tohoto vynálezu, současně avšak nezamýšlí omezit rozsah absorbčních výrobků zde pojímaných.
. PŘÍKLAD '
Komponenty hygienické vložky.jsou k dispozici. Horní 'vrstva 38 je vyrobena podle patentu USA 4 463 045 a prstencově válcována k zajištění roztažitelnosti. Vrstva zadržování superabsorbčního materiálu je k dispozici ve formě jednoduché vrstvy tkaniny BOUNTY odebrané ze sušičky Yankee bez odstranění krepu. Jádro je laminát z absorbčního zgelovacího materiálu (AGM) rozstříhaného po celé své délce k dosaženi podélné roztažitelnosti. Zadní vrstva je laminát z adhesiva Find.Ley 198-338 a netkané textilie, jíž je
Celanese t-138 získaná od Veratec of Walpole, Massachusetts. Netkaný materiál je laminován k Findleyho adhesivní folii tak, že aby se tento laminát protahoval v podélném směru (který bude kolmo k orientaci netkaných vláken). Netkaný materiál bude na vnějšku dokončeného produktu.
Sestavení výrobku bude následující. Odřízněte prstencově válcovanou horni vrstvu na příslušnou velikost. Spojte krepovanou tkaninu BOUNTY s horní vrstvou užitím adhesiva Findley H2O31 na horní vrstvu spirálovým vzorem při 0,005 g/palec čtvereční. Pokryjte koncové regiony strany jádra k oděvu pomocí kusů krepované tkaniny BOUNTY. Umístěte absorbční jádro na vršek zadní vrstvy. Umístěte kus nerozříznutého laminátu AGM 2 1/2 palce x 2 5/8 palce přes centrální region strany jádra k tělu. Přilněte kus laminátu AGM ve středu jeho podélných okrajů adhesivem k okrajům zadní vrstvy. Umístěte horní vrstvu a krepovaný tkaninový laminát přes jádro. Upevněte dané komponenty a uhlaďte při okrajích. Sviňte .okraje k jejich utěsnění. Upravte do konečného tvaru. Přilněte kus EX-500 podél bočních okrajů vložky pomocí tepelného spojení tak, aby se distální konec protahoval 2 mm přes horní vrstvu směrem ke středu jádra v nejužším centrálním regionu vložky a 5 mm v nejširších koncových regionech vložky. Použijte' kalhotky těsnící adhesivum (PFA) značky Fuller HL 2238 na povrch produktu k oděvu ve spirále dle vzorů ukázaném na Obr. 3. Posprejujte horní vrstvu '0,01 gramy povrchového činidla Pegošperse 200ML od Lonza, Inc., Williamsport, Pa.
Zatímco byla popsána přednostní hygienická vložka, literatura uvádí početná jiná ztvárnění.. Vložka může být komponenty rysů zde uvedených, být též opatřena párem klop, roztahuje se laterálně směrem části tělesa vložky. ( Hlavní část tělesa je část hygienické vložky bez daných klop.) opatřena několika nebo všemi Vložka 20 může, například, z nichž každá je přilehlá a ven z bočníhookraje hlavní
Známe mnoho vložek s klopami vhodnými nebo přizpůsobitelnými k použití s hygienickou vložkou 20 tohoto vynálezu. Takové klopy uvádí patent USA č. 4 285 343, nazvaný Hygienická vložka, vydaný McNairovi 25. srpna, 1981; patent USA č. 4 589 876, nazvaný Hygienická vložka, vydaný Van Tilburgovi 20. května, 1986; patent USA č. 4 608 047, nazvaný
Prostředky upevnění hygienické vložky, vydaný Mattinglymu 26. srpna, 1986; patent USA č. 4 687 478, nazvaný Tvarovaná hygienická vložka s klopami, vydaný Van Tilburgovi 18. srpna, 1987; a Reexaminační patent Bl 4 589 876, vydaný 27. srpna, 1993. Některé obzvlášt upřednostňované typy klop jsou popsány v následujících U.S. patentových žádostech: pořadové č. 07/769 891, s názvem Absorbční výrobek s klopami a zónami různé roztažitelnosti, podané jménem Lavashe, et 1991 (PCT Publication No. WO 93/06805, dubna, 1993); a v pořadovém č. 07/906 593, s názvem Absorbční výrobek s jednotným materiálem, podané jménem Lavashe, et al a 07/906 629, s názvem Absorbční klopami, podané jménem Osborna, et června, 1992.
al. 1. října, publikované 15.
uvolňovacím pořadové č. výrobek s úchytnými al., oboje podány 30.
·. Dále by mělo být rozuměno, že PCT Publication čísel WO 93/01785 a wo' 93/01786 a všechny testovací způsoby v nich obsažené, jsou vtěleny pomocí reference v tomto materiálu. V tomto ohledu procedura k měření podélné roztažitelnosti pruhu.jednoho palce (2,5 cm) může být modifikována uříznutím pruhu nejen skrze, podélnou středovou osu, ale paralelně k podélné středové ose tak, že úplná šířka daného vzorku obsahuje aspoň jeden z absorbčních komponentů daného absorbčního výrobku. Vzorek by neměl být seříznut tak blízko podélným bočním okrajům absorbčního výrobku, avšak aby obsahoval jakákoli boční elastická zařízení Pokud jakýkoli z vzorků takto měřených je v rámci stanoveném v příslušných nárocích, pak daný absorbční výrobek spadá do .rozsahu těchto nároků. ··:-'·'·
Pojem kaíhotková vložka se týká absorbčních výrobků méně objemných než hygienické vložky, obvykle nošené ženami mezi jejich menstruačními periodami.' Příklad absorbčního výrobku ve formě kalhotkové vložky popisuje patent USA -č.
738 676, nazvaný Kaíhotková vložka, vydaný Osbornovi 19. dubna, 1988.
Pojem inkontinentní výrobek se týká vložek, kusů spodního prádla (vložek udržovaných na místě suspenzním systémem takového typu jako je například pás či podobně), vložek pro absorbční výrobky, kapacitu zvyšující přídavná zařízení k absorbčním výrobkům, spodek, vložek na spaní a podobně, bez ohledu, zda. je nosí dospělí či jiné inkontinentní osoby. Vhodné výrobky pro inkontinenci; jež mohou být opatřeny komponenty zde popsanými, uvádí patent' USA č. 4 253 .461, (vydaný Stricklandovi, et al. 3. března,. 1981; patenty USA čí 4 579 760 a 4 597 761, vydané Buellovi; výše zmíněný patent USA č. 4 704 115, patent USA č. 4-909 802, vydaný Ahrovi, et. al; patent USA č. 4-964, 860, vydaný Gipsonovi, et ai. 23. října, 1990; a U.S. patentová žádost pořadových čísel 07/637 090-a 07/637 571, . podaných Noelem, et al. a Feistem, et al. ,3. · ledna, 1991' (PCT Publicati-on Nos. WO 92/11830 a WO/11-83T,·· - oboje publikovány 23. července, 1992) . < ···· . .· - .
Tento vynález se zaměřuje na absorbční výrobky zamýšlené k 'nošení v rozkrokové oblasti spodního prádla nositele. Avšak - charakteristické rysy tohoto vynálezu by mohly být též použity v absorbčních výrobcích jako jsou pleny. Pleny jsou . absorbční . výrobky nošené- kojenci a inkontinentními jedinci, jež jsou upevněny okolo-pasu nositele. Vhodné pleny, jež mohou být opatřeny zde popsanými komponenty, jsou popsány v patentu USA č. 3 860 003, vydaném Buellovi 14..ledna, 1975 a v patentu USA č. 5 151 092, vydaném Buellovi, et al·. 29. září, 1992.
Popisy vynálezů všech patentů, patentových žádostí (a jakýchkoli patentů na základě nich vydaných, stejně jako jakékoli korespondující publikované zahraniční patentové žádosti) a publikace zmiňované v celém rámci této patentové žádosti, jsou tímto zahrnuty prostřednictvím reference v tomto materiálu. Avšak výslovně se nepřipouští, že jakékoli dokumenty zahrnuté odkazem v tomto dokumentu hlásají nebo popisují tento vynález. Rovněž se výslovné nepřipouští, že jakýkoli z komerčně dostupných materiálů nebo produktů zde popisovaných hlásá nebo popisuje tento vynález.
Třebaže byla již ilustrována a popsána zvláštní ztvárnění tohoto vynálezu, těm co jsou znalí současného stavu techniky je jasné, že mohou být provedeny jiné změny a modifikace, aniž by došlo k odchýlení se od ducha a rámce tohoto vynálezu.
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Claims (1)

  1. PATENTOVÉ NÁROKY
    1. Absorbční výrobek, vyznačující se tím, že má podélnou středovou osu protahující se v podélném směru, příčnou osu protahující se v příčném směru, pár podélných bočních okrajů a pár koncových okrajů, jež vytvářejí obvod absorbčního výrobku, přičemž tento absorbční výrobek obsahuje:
    tekutině propustnou horní vrstvu, tekutině nepropustnou zadní vrstvu připojenou k této horní '· vrstvě, absorbční jádro umístěné mezi řečenou horní a dolní vrstvou, a zábranu přilehlou alespoň k jednomu z podélných bočních okrajů absorbčního výrobku, přičemž tato bariéra má vnitřní okraj, vnější okraj, pár konců, kde řečený vnější okraj a konce řečené bariéry jsou připojeny k řečené horní vrstvě a alespoň část řečených vnitřních okrajů řečené bariéry je nepřipevněna k řečené horní vrstvě mezi řečenými konci; a v němž alespoň řečená horní vrstva je roztažitelná a řečená bariéra je méně roztažitelná než tato horní vrstva tak, že při roztažení řečené horní vrstvy se řečená bariéra posouvá do více vzpřímené pozice a formuje okraj, který slouží jako bariéra prouděnítekutin.
    2. Absorbční výrobek podle nároku 1,vyznačuj ící se t í m, že je v něm řečená horní vrstva roztažitelná v podélném směru.
    3. . Absorbční výrobek podle nároku l, vyznačující se tím, že má dvě bariéry, jednu přilehlou každému podélnému bočnímu okraji.
    4 . Absorbční výrobek dle nároku 1, vyznačuj ící s e vrstvu t í’m, že v ném řečená bariéra leží přes řečenou horní 5. Absorbční výrobek dle nároku 1, v y z n a č u j ící s e 't í!m, že v ném řečená zadní vrstva a.řečené absorbční jádro jsou rovněž roztažitelné. 6. Absorbční výrobek dle nároku 3, v y z n a č u j ící s e t í m, že dále zahrnuje bariéru přilehlou každému z koncových okrajů. 7 . Absorbční výrobek dle nároku 1, v y z n a č u j ící s e
    t í .m, že v něm řečená bariéra obsahuje tekutinou nepropustnou folii.
    8. Absorbční výrobek dle nároku 7, vyznačující se t, í. m, že dále zahrnuje' poddajný materiál pokrývající řečenou tekutinu nepropouštějící folii.
    9. Absorbční výrobek dle nároku 1,vyznačující se tím, že má první koncový region, druhý koncový region a mezi nimi centrální region, jenž je v tomto absorbčním výrobku užší, než koncové regiony.
    1.0..;. Absorbční výrobek dle nároku-9, v- y. z n .a...č ují c-í. s e tím, že má tvar přesýpacíchhodin.
    11. Absorbční výrobek dle nároku 9, vyznačující se. tím, že má tvar psí kosti.
    12. Absorbční výrobek dle nároku l nebo 9, vyznačuj ící set í m,- že část jeho hlavního tělesa se skládá alespoň z částí řečené horní vrstvy, zadní vrstvy a absorbčního jádra, přičemž řečená. . část hlavního tělesa má řečený pár podélných bočních okrajů a řečený pár koncových okrajů dále zahrnujících pár klop protahujících se směrem ven od podélných okrajů řečené části hlavního tělesa řečeného absorbčního výrobku.
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