CS196268B2 - Lubricant for metals hot shaping - Google Patents
Lubricant for metals hot shaping Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS196268B2 CS196268B2 CS753115A CS311575A CS196268B2 CS 196268 B2 CS196268 B2 CS 196268B2 CS 753115 A CS753115 A CS 753115A CS 311575 A CS311575 A CS 311575A CS 196268 B2 CS196268 B2 CS 196268B2
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- copolymer
- graphite
- film
- polysaccharide
- Prior art date
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
- C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
- C10M103/02—Carbon; Graphite
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/28—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
- C10M125/26—Compounds containing silicon or boron, e.g. silica, sand
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/06—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing butene
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
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- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/40—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose
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- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C10M2201/0413—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black used as base material
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
- C10M2201/0423—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride used as base material
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/105—Silica
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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Description
LONZA A.G., GAMPEL/WALLIS (GESCHAFTSLEITUNG: BASEL), BASEL (Švýcarsko) (54) Mazivo pro tepelné tváření kovů
Vynález se týká maziva pro tepelné tváření kovů, použitelné při vysokých teplo-. . tách.
Jako maziva pro vysoké teploty je známo používat směsí grafitu a oleje. Při používání těchto produktů nastává rozklad olejů, což nevýhodně působí na vlastnosti nástrojů a obrobků a rozkladné produkty olejů nepříjemně obtěžují okolí.
Bylo napřílad navrženo používat jako maziva pro vysoké teploty vznikající při beztřískovém tváření kovů přesně definovanou směs síranu alkalického kovu, boraxu, chloridu draselného, triacetátu sodného a grafitu, popřípadě s dalšími přísadami, ve formě vodné disperze (DAS 2 046 727). Tím se má dosáhnout toho, aby byla k dispozici kapalná tavenina nutná pro tepelné tváření kovů.
Je také známé vyrábět pro tepelné tváření kovů mazivo použitelné při vysokých teplotách, z taveniny fosforečnanů a boritanů alkalických kovů a popřípadě zinku a/nebo hliníku a přídavku dalších složek (DAS č. 2 154 232). .
Konečně bylo navrženo pevné mazivo sestávající hlavně z grafitu nebo sirníku wolframičitého a fluoridu sodného. Mazivo se má používat ve formě pasty (DAS 2 028 804).
Ani solné taveniny však nemohou vždy zcela uspokojovat, zejména při výrobě bezešvých trubek na takzvané vratné lince nebo kontinuální lince.
Tvářením při vysokých teplotách vznikají velmi vysoké teploty, čímž viskózita těchto tavenln klesá tak, že film maziva již nezaručuje dostatečné mazání.
Vynález má uvedené nevýhody odstranit.
Podle vynálezu se toho dosáhne mazivem pro vysoké teploty, které sestává z až 90 % grafitu o velikosti zrna nejvýše 300 μΐη a o čistotě nejméně 96 %, až 60 % kopolymeru na bázi olefinů a/nebo vinylových sloučenin a/nebo vinylových sloučenin o molekulové hmotnosti
100 000 až 1 000 000,
0,2 až 8 °/o dispergačního prostředku a popřípadě až 40 '% křemičitanu sodného, kysličníku boru, fosforečnanu, kyseliny křemičité nebo jejich směsi jako.stabilizátoru filmu.
Mazivo podle vynálezu se vyrábí například tak, že se grafit vnese do vodné suspenze polymeru nebo kopolymeru na bázi olefinů a/nebo vinylových sloučenin a dispergač196268 ního- . prostředku, přičemž podíl pevných látek '-sestává z 32 až 90 . ' % grafitu,. 2 až- 60' °/o polymeru nebo kopolyme.ru a 0,2 ' až 6 '%' dispergačního prostředku.
Maziva podle vynálezu se používá ve -- formě vodné suspenze ' s obsahem pevných 'látek 5 až - 60. %. ·
Maziva podle vynálezu se může zásadně používat' k' beztřískovému tváření kovů, například ' při zápustkovém kování. Výhodnou formou je mazání trnu při výrobě bezešvých trubek, například na takzvané - vratné- lince, kontinuální lince nebo MPM lince.
Podle výhodné formy provedení vynálezu se toho dosáhne mazivem sestávajícím z ' až 90 ' % grafitu, až 40 -% polymeru nebo kopolymeru na bázi olefinů . a/nebo vinylových sloučenin a
0,5 až 6 - % dispergačního prostředku.
Podle jiné výhodné formy provedení vynálezu sestává mazivo z
- - až 90 % - grafitu,....... . .......
- - až 60 - %-polymeru '-' nebo - - kopolymeru na bázi olefinů a/nebo vinylo„ Výččr§ft)UCfefnn, ...............
0,5 až 6 '% dispergačního prostředku, až 40 % stabilizátoru filmu.
Mazivo lze vyrábět též tak, že - se za sucha smísí grafit, polymer nebo kopolymer na bázi olefinů a/nebo vinylových sloučenin, dispergační prostředek a stabilizátor filmu, přičemž směs obsahuje - 32 až 90 % grafitu, 2'až -'60 - -:% - polymeru - nebo 'kopolymeru a 0,2 až 6' %' - dispergačního -prostředku a bezprostředně před použitím se suspenduje ve vodě .- tak,, aby vzniklá'' vodná suspenze s obsahem- -pevnýcMátek' - 5 až 60 °/o. ' ' 'MJěelňě se'- k - -suché ' směsi ' - přimísí navíc '2 až 40 % stabilizátoru filmu. ' ‘ - Polymery - 'nebo - kopolymery na bázi olefinů- - a/nebo - vinylových- sloučenin' se vyrábějí emulzněpolynieračním- postupem. Mohou se používat například polymery nebo kopolymerý' - viriyiesterů, - - jako' vihylacetátu, - vinylpropionátu,' -vinyllaurátu, - ' allylesterů, monoolefinů nebo diolefinů,- . jako - ethylenu, butadlonu,· kyseliny - akrylové, -kyseliny - rhethakrylové, -styrenu, esterů nenasycených dikarboxylových' kyselin, jako esterů kyseliny maleinové a ' podobných sloučenin.
Jako stabilizátorů filmu se používá křemičitanů sodíku, kysličníků boru, - - fosforečnanů, kyseliny křemičité, samotných ' nebo ve vzájemné směsi.
Aby se dosáhlo optimálního mazacího účinku, musí být film maziva suchý. Vodná suspenze osahující. maziva - se o sobě známým způsobem, jako nastříkáním nebo natíráním, nanese na horký nástroj. Voda se odpaří a polymer nebo kopolymer tavením vytvoří vis-kózní film. Tloušťka filmu je účelně 0,05 až 1,0 mm, výhodně.0,1 až 0,2 mm.
V tomto - filmu se - částice grafitu orientují podle své struktury v šupinkách -stejnoměrně po celém ' povrchů. Na začátku tvářecího procesu - obrobek jaksi plove na filmu polymeru. Pak polymer nébo kopolymer čistě shoří, ariiž by zanechal zbytky. Opal vytváří plynový polštář, který podporuje oddělení třecích ploch. Současně grafit vytváří nosnou dělicí a mazací vrstvu, ktérá - je účinná při místním přetížení a tím způsobeném odtržení hydrodynamicky působícího filmu taveniny a zejména je účinná při špičkových teplotách během procesu. · ··
Opálem přídavných látek podle vyná-lezu vzniká druh atmosféry mezi ' nástrojem a obrobkem, jejíž účinek zvyšuje opal grafitu při vyšších teplotách.
Grafit používaný v mazivu podle vynálezu má velikost zrn nejvýše 300 /um a - čistotu nejméně 96 %, výhodně velikost- zrn až 100 μτα. a čistotu 99,5 %.
Používaným stabilizátorem (dispergačním prostředkem) je polysacharid, ' alkylcelůlóza, například methylcelulóza nebo algínat. Výhodně se také může k suspenzi přidávat malé množství smáčedla.
Do ' ' maziva - podle vynálezu se popřípadě ještě může přimíchat malé množství přísad, jako ' jsou mikrobiologické pomocné ' látky 'a inhibitory koroze.
Mazivo podle - vynálezu se - zásadně může používat k- beztřískovému -tváření kovů.
Výhodnou formou použití maziva podle vynálezu je tvarové válcování. -I při - teplotě 900 °C a vyšší, která při ' tom vzniká, je film maziva stálý a účinný.
P'ř'íklad 1
Do vodné suspenze obsahující 31,1 % ethy-. lenvinylacetátového' kopolymeru o poměru 60 ku 20- hmotnostních '% - a střední molekulové ' hmotnosti 1 000 000. a ' 3,3 % polysacharidu se vmíchá grafit a voda tak, ' aby vznikla suspenze s obsahem '.. ·-·',·
- % grafitu,
9,5 % ethylenvinylacetátového kopolymeru, , ··-·.·.···'.
% - polysacharidu a
69,5 °/o vody.
Tato směs podle vynálezu se při výrobě bezešvých ' trubek linkou MPM nastříká na trn.
Složení maziva dovoluje, aby byl film ' na: střikován na povrch trnu během zpětného transportu. Na horkém povrchu trnu se oka- . mžitě' vytvoří suchý, -voduodpuzující - film. Ihned - po nanesení filmu se trn může chladit ve vodní lázni - nebo stříkáním vody, aniž by se film maziva spláchl. Film maziva se nepoškodí ani intenzívním chlazením válců vodou, kterému je trn na začátku válcovacího procesu vystaven.
Použitím maziva podle vynálezu vznikají oproti dosavadním mazivům výhody, jako
19626В ve vodě suspendovaná,' fyziologicky nezávadná slož, čistý opal (žádný, okolí nepříjemný olejový dým). Mazivo zanechává povrch trnu lesklý, beze zbytků. Výkon potřebný к tažeqí trubky válcovací stolicí se značně snižuje, válcovací stolice pracuje stejnoměrněji, a opotřebení trnu je mnohem menší. Trubka trn obepíná stejnoměrně, čímž rezultuje lepší kvalita trubek a konečně je také možné daným zařízením dosahovat a trubek slabších stěn.
Příklad 2 ·
Do vodné dispérze.'siůěši vinylacetátového a dibutylmaleinátového/,polymeru a polysacharidu se dá toljk;'.grafitu, aby vznikla konečná koncentrace ' U % grafitu, 7^7-7 % směsi vinylaqětůtpvého a dibutylmaleinátového polymeru,
0,5 % polysácharldú a, ,7 % vody.
Suspenze se, obvyklý^, způsobem, nastříkáním nebo natíráním ,r\anese na nástroj nebo obrobek. odpaření vody zůstává na povrchu film maziva.pro vysoké teploty.
Příklad 3
Složky maziva, 69,4 % grafitu, 29,7 % ethylen-vinylacetátového kopolymeru a 0,9 procenta pólysacharidu se za sucha smísí. •Těsně před použitím se s vodou připraví suspenze, přičemž se množství pevných látek upraví na 50 % celkové váhy suspenze.. Popsaným způsobem se suspenze maziva nanese na nástroj nebo na obrobek.
Příklad 4
Do vodné disperze polymeru polyisobutylenu se přimíchá polysacharid, koloidní kyselina křemičitá, vodný roztok křemičitanu sodného o 38/40 Bé a grafit tak, aby vznikla následující koncentrace:
• 20 % grafitu, % polyisobutylového polymeru, % koloidní kyseliny křemičité, % roztoku křemičitanu sodného, % pólysacharidu a % vody.
Tato suspenze se může nanášet na obrobek nebo na formovací nástroj. Směs stabilizátoru filmu dává stejnoměrný, optimálně účinný film maziva i při obvykle používaných tvářecích teplotách, například při tvarovém válcování, až přes 900 °C.
P ř í к 1 a d 5
Následující složky v práškovité formě se za sucha dobře smísí nebo semelou:
% grafitu, % akryl-styrenového kopolymeru, % koloidní kyseliny křemičité, % křemičitanu sodného a °/o pólysacharidu.
N.a místě použití, krátce před použitím se suchá směs rozmíchá ve stejném množství vody tak, aby vznikla suspenze s 50 % pevné látky. Suspenze je stříkatelná a stříkáním se nanese na obrobek a/nebo nástroj, přičemž se voda na horkém povrchu odpaří a mazivo je účinné při tváření. Film maziva je použitím stabilizátoru filmu mimořádně stálý i při vysokých teplotách.
PŘEDMĚT
Claims (5)
1. Mazivo pro tepelné tváření kovů, použitelné při vysokých teplotách, vyznačující se tím, že sestává z
32 až 90 % grafitu o velikosti zrna nejvýše 300 μΐη a o čistotě nejméně 96 %,
2 až 60 % polymeru nebo kopolymeru na bázi olefinů a/nebo vinylových sloučenin o molekulové hmotnosti 100 000 až 1000 000,
0,2 až 8 % alginátu, alkylcelulózy, polysacharidu nebo jejich směsi jako dispergačního prostředku.
2. Mazivo podle bodu 1, vyznačující se tím, že obsahuje dále 2 až 40 °/o křemičita-
VYNALEZU nu sodného, kysličníku boru, fosforečnanu, kyseliny křemičité nebo jejich směsi jako stabilizátoru filmu.
3. Mazivo podle bodu 1, vyznačující se tím, že sestává z
47 až 90 °/o grafitu o velikosti zrna nejvýše 300 μΐη a o čistotě nejméně 96. o/o,
2 až 45 % polymeru nebo kopolymeru na bázi olefinů a/nebo vinylových sloučenin o molekulové hmotnosti 100 000 až 1000 000 a
0,5 až 8 % alginátu, alkylcelulózy, polysacharidu nebo jejich směsi jako dispergačního prostředku.
4. Mazivo podle bodu 1, vyznačující se tím, , že sestává z
35 ' až 90 % grafitu o velikosti zrna nejvýše 300 μΐη a o čistotě nejmé. , ně 96 o/o, .
2 až 60 % polymeru nebo, kopolymeru na bázi olefinů a/nebo vinylových sloučenin o molekulové hmotnosti 100 000 , až 1000 000 a
0,2 až 8 o/o, alginátu, alkylcelulózy, polysacharidu nebo jejich směsi jako dispergačního prostředku,
5, Mazivo podle bodu 4, vyznačující se tím, že obsahuje dále 2 až 40 % křemičitanu sodného, kysličníku boru, fosforečnanu, kyseliny křemičité nebo jejich směsi jako stabilizátoru filmu,
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH624274A CH596294A5 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-05-08 | High temp. lubricants for hot forming of metals |
CH1212774A CH609728A5 (en) | 1974-09-06 | 1974-09-06 | High temperature lubricant for the hot-forming of metals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CS196268B2 true CS196268B2 (en) | 1980-03-31 |
Family
ID=25699240
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CS753115A CS196268B2 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-05 | Lubricant for metals hot shaping |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US4052323A (cs) |
JP (1) | JPS5937317B2 (cs) |
CA (1) | CA1054134A (cs) |
CS (1) | CS196268B2 (cs) |
DD (1) | DD120465A5 (cs) |
DE (1) | DE2450716C3 (cs) |
ES (1) | ES437493A1 (cs) |
FR (1) | FR2270319B1 (cs) |
GB (1) | GB1438215A (cs) |
IT (1) | IT1021859B (cs) |
RO (1) | RO70139A (cs) |
SE (1) | SE412919B (cs) |
SU (1) | SU632305A3 (cs) |
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US1944273A (en) * | 1929-06-06 | 1934-01-23 | Western Electric Co | Lubricating compound |
US2176879A (en) * | 1937-11-20 | 1939-10-24 | Acheson Colloids Corp | Method of disintegrating, dispersing and stabilizing graphite and product |
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US3341454A (en) * | 1963-02-25 | 1967-09-12 | Hodson Corp | Lubricant composition |
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US3801504A (en) * | 1971-03-22 | 1974-04-02 | Texaco Inc | Non-flammable water based hot forging lubricating compositions |
US3806453A (en) * | 1973-02-23 | 1974-04-23 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Metal working lubricant |
-
1974
- 1974-10-15 GB GB4457174A patent/GB1438215A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-10-18 IT IT53622/74A patent/IT1021859B/it active
- 1974-10-25 DE DE2450716A patent/DE2450716C3/de not_active Expired
- 1974-11-13 JP JP49131534A patent/JPS5937317B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-11-13 US US05/523,499 patent/US4052323A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1974-12-18 FR FR7441870A patent/FR2270319B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1975
- 1975-05-05 CS CS753115A patent/CS196268B2/cs unknown
- 1975-05-06 CA CA226,398A patent/CA1054134A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-06 SE SE7505263A patent/SE412919B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-06 DD DD185861A patent/DD120465A5/xx unknown
- 1975-05-07 ES ES437493A patent/ES437493A1/es not_active Expired
- 1975-05-07 RO RO7582160A patent/RO70139A/ro unknown
- 1975-09-30 SU SU752175649A patent/SU632305A3/ru active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IT1021859B (it) | 1978-02-20 |
FR2270319B1 (cs) | 1982-03-05 |
DD120465A5 (cs) | 1976-06-12 |
DE2450716C3 (de) | 1979-06-13 |
JPS50144868A (cs) | 1975-11-20 |
CA1054134A (en) | 1979-05-08 |
SE412919B (sv) | 1980-03-24 |
ES437493A1 (es) | 1977-11-16 |
SE7505263L (sv) | 1975-11-10 |
DE2450716B2 (de) | 1978-09-21 |
JPS5937317B2 (ja) | 1984-09-08 |
DE2450716A1 (de) | 1975-11-27 |
US4052323A (en) | 1977-10-04 |
RO70139A (ro) | 1980-08-15 |
GB1438215A (en) | 1976-06-03 |
FR2270319A1 (cs) | 1975-12-05 |
SU632305A3 (ru) | 1978-11-05 |
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