CH596294A5 - High temp. lubricants for hot forming of metals - Google Patents
High temp. lubricants for hot forming of metalsInfo
- Publication number
- CH596294A5 CH596294A5 CH624274A CH624274A CH596294A5 CH 596294 A5 CH596294 A5 CH 596294A5 CH 624274 A CH624274 A CH 624274A CH 624274 A CH624274 A CH 624274A CH 596294 A5 CH596294 A5 CH 596294A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- graphite
- metals
- lubricants
- hot forming
- Prior art date
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/0413—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black used as base material
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
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- C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
- C10M2201/042—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride
- C10M2201/0423—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black halogenated, i.e. graphite fluoride used as base material
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/087—Boron oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
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- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C10M2201/105—Silica
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- C10M2205/026—Butene
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- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
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- C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
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- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
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- C10M2209/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an acyloxy radical of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
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- C10M2209/062—Vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic or carbonic acids, e.g. vinyl acetate
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- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
- C10M2209/0845—Acrylate; Methacrylate used as base material
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Abstract
High temp. lubricants for hot forming of metals contg. graphite, alkylene polymer, suspending agent and film stabiliser
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Hochtemperaturschmiermittel für die Warmverformung von Metallen.
Es ist bekannt, Gemische aus Graphit und Öl anzuwenden.
Bei der Anwendung solcher Produkte erfolgt eine Zersetzung der Öle, was sich nicht nur nachteilig auf die Materialeigenschaften von Werkzeug und Werkstücken auswirkt, sondern durch die Zersetzungsprodukte der Öle auch zu unzumutbaren Belästigungen der Umwelt führt.
Es wurde beispielsweise vorgeschlagen, eine genau definierte Mischung von Alkalisulfat, Borax, Kaliumchlorid, Na triumtriacetat und Graphit, gegebenenfalls zusammen mit weiteren Zusätzen, in Form einer wässrigen Dispersion als Hochtemperaturschmiermittel für die spanlose Metallumformung anzuwenden (DAS 2 046 727). Damit soll erreicht werden, dass für den Einsatz in der Warmverformung von Metallen eine flüssige Schmelze, die notwendig sein soll, vorhanden ist.
Es ist auch bekannt, einen Hochtemperaturschmierstoff aus einem Schmelzprodukt von Phosphaten und Boraten der Alkalimetalle und gegebenenfalls des Zinks und/oder Aluminiums und einem Zusatz von weiteren Komponenten zur Warmverformung von Metallen herzustellen (DAS 2 154232).
Schliesslich wurde ein festes Schmiermittel, bestehend hauptsächlich aus Graphit oder Wolframdisulfid und Natriumfluorid, vorgeschlagen. Das Schmiermittel soll zweckmässig in Pastenform angewandt werden (DAS 2 028 804).
Auch Salzschmelzen konnten aber, insbesondere bei der Herstellung nahtloser Rohre auf sogenannten Pilgerstrassen oder Kontistrassen, nicht immer voll befriedigen.
Bei den Hochtemperaturverformungsverfahren entstehen sehr hohe Temperaturen, wodurch die Viskosität solcher Schmelzen so weit sinkt, dass die Tragfähigkeit des Schmierfilms keine ausreichende Schmierung mehr gewährleistet.
Ziel der Erfindung ist es, die genannten Nachteile zu vermeiden.
Erfindungsgemäss wird dies mit einem Hochtemperaturschmiermittel erreicht, enthaltend: a) 10 bis 90 Gew. % Graphit, b) 2 bis 45 Gew. % Homo- oder Copolymerisat von olefinisch ungesättigten Monomeren, c) 0,5bis 8 Gew. % Dispergiermittel.
Das Hochtemperaturschmiermittel wird so hergestellt, dass man Graphit in eine wässrige Suspension eines Homo- oder Copolymerisats von olefinisch ungesättigten Monomeren und eines Dispergiermittels einbringt, so dass das Mittel 10 bis 90 Gew. % Graphit, 2 bis 45 Gew. % Homo- oder Copolymers sat von olefinisch ungesättigten Monomeren und 0,5 bis 8 Gew. % Dispergiermittel enthält.
Die erfindungsgemässen Mittel werden in Form von wässrigen Suspensionen mit Feststoffgehalten von 5 bis 80 Gew. % als Hochtemperaturschmiermittel für die Warmverformung von Metallen verwendet.
Die Homo- oder Copolymerisate von olefinisch ungesättigten Monomeren werden zweckmässig nach dem Emulsions Polymerisationsverfahren hergestellt. Beispielsweise können die Polymerisate oder Mischpolymerisate des Vinylacetats, Vinylpropionats, Vinyllaurats, Äthylens, Butadiens, der Acrylsäure, der Acrylsäure mit Copolymeren, des Styrols, des Maleinsäureesters usw. angewendet werden.
Um einen optimalen Schmiereffekt zu erzielen, muss ein trockener Schmierfilm vorliegen. Die wässrige, das Schmiermittel enthaltende Suspension wird zweckmässig auf an sich bekannte Weise, wie Aufsprühen oder Aufstreichen, auf das heisse Werkzeug aufgebracht; dabei verdampft das Wasser und durch Schmelzen bildet das Polymerisat oder Mischpolymerisat einen zähviskosen Film. Die Filmdicke beträgt zweckmässig 0,05 bis 1,0 mm, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 0,2 mm. In die sem Film orientieren sich die Graphitteilchen, aufgrund ihrer Struktur, plättchenförmig gleichmässig über die ganze Oberfläche. Zu Beginn des Bearbeitungsprozesses schwimmt das Werkstück gewissermassen auf dem Polymerfilm. Schliesslich brennt das Homo- oder Copolymerisat sauber ab, ohne Rückstände zu hinterlassen. Der Abbrand erzeugt ein Gaspolster, das die Trennung zwischen den Reibflächen unterstützt.
Gleichzeitig ergibt der Graphit eine tragfähige Trenn- und Schmierschicht, die bei lokaler Überlastung und dadurch verursachtem Abreissen des hydrodynamisch wirkenden Schmelzfilms und besonders bei Spitzentemperaturen während des Prozesses wirksam wird.
Durch den Abbrand der erfindungsgemässen Zusatzstoffe ist anzunehmen, dass eine Art Schutzatmosphäre zwischen Werkzeug und Werkstück entsteht, die den Abbrand von Graphit bei höheren Temperaturen verzögert.
Der im erfindungsgemässen Hochtemperaturschmiermittel angewandte Graphit weist zweckmässig eine Korngrösse bis höchstens 300 Lcm und eine Reinheit von wenigstens 96 %, vorzugsweise eine Korngrösse bis 100,um und eine Reinheit von 99,5 %, auf.
Der zur Anwendung gelangende Stabilisator (Dispergiermittel) ist ein Polysaccharid, eine Alkylcellulose, beispielsweise Methylcellulose, oder ein Alginat. Es kann auch vorteilhaft ein Netzmittel in geringen Mengen zur Suspension zugegeben werden.
Das erfindungsgemässe Hochtemperaturschmiermittel kann grundsätzlich zur spanlosen Metallumformung angewendet werden, beispielsweise in Gesenkschmieden. Eine bevorzugte Anwendungsform ist die Schmierung des Dornes bei der Herstellung von nahtlosen Rohren, beispielsweise auf sogenannten Pilger-, Konti- oder MPM-Strassen.
Beispiel
Einer wässrigen Suspension mit einem Anteil eines Vinylacetat-Mischpolymerisats von 31,1% und 3,3 % eines Polysaccharids wird Graphit und Wasser zugemischt, so dass eine Suspension mit einem Gehalt von 20 % Graphit, 9,5% Vinylacetat-Mischpolymerisat,
1 % Polysaccharid und 69,5% Wasser entsteht. Diese erfindungsgemässe Mischung wird auf den Dorn in einer MPM-Strasse, die zur Herstellung nahtloser Rohre dient, aufgesprüht.
Die Zusammensetzung des Schmiermittels erlaubt es, den Schmierfilm während des Rücktransportes auf die Oberfläche des Dornes aufzusprühen. Auf der heissen Dornoberfläche bildet sich augenblicklich ein trockener wasserabstossender Film. Unmittelbar nach dem Auftragen des Films kann der Dorn im Wasserbad oder durch Aufdüsen von Wasser gekühlt werden, ohne dass der Schmierfilm abgetragen wird. Der Schmierfilm wird auch durch die intensive Wasserkühlung der Walzen, der der Dorn zu Beginn des Walzprozesses ausgesetzt ist, nicht beschädigt.
Aus der Anwendung des Schmierfilms ergeben sich gegen über herkömmlichen Schmiermitteln Vorteile, wie in Wasser suspendierte physiologisch unbedenkliche Formulation, sauberer Abbrand (kein umweltfeindlicher Ölqualm). Das Schmiermittel hinterlässt eine blanke Dornoberfläche, ohne Rückstände. Die Leistung, die notwendig ist, um Rohre durch Walzwerke zu ziehen, wird erheblich verringert, die Walzgerüste arbeiten gleichmässiger und der Dornverschleiss wird stark verringert. Das Rohr umschliesst den Dorn gleichmässig, woraus eine bessere Rohrqualität resultiert, und es ist schliesslich auch möglich, mit einer gegebenen Anlage dünnere Rohrwandstärken zu erreichen.
The invention relates to a high temperature lubricant for the hot working of metals.
It is known to use mixtures of graphite and oil.
When such products are used, the oils decompose, which not only has a detrimental effect on the material properties of tools and workpieces, but also leads to unacceptable pollution of the environment due to the decomposition products of the oils.
For example, it has been proposed to use a precisely defined mixture of alkali sulfate, borax, potassium chloride, sodium triacetate and graphite, optionally together with other additives, in the form of an aqueous dispersion as a high-temperature lubricant for non-cutting metal forming (DAS 2 046 727). This is to ensure that a liquid melt, which should be necessary, is available for use in the hot forming of metals.
It is also known to produce a high-temperature lubricant from a melt product of phosphates and borates of the alkali metals and optionally of zinc and / or aluminum and an addition of further components for the hot forming of metals (DAS 2 154232).
Finally, a solid lubricant composed mainly of graphite or tungsten disulfide and sodium fluoride has been proposed. The lubricant should best be used in paste form (DAS 2 028 804).
However, molten salts were not always fully satisfactory, especially when manufacturing seamless pipes on so-called pilgrim roads or contour roads.
The high-temperature deformation processes generate very high temperatures, which means that the viscosity of such melts drops so much that the load-bearing capacity of the lubricating film no longer guarantees adequate lubrication.
The aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned.
According to the invention, this is achieved with a high-temperature lubricant containing: a) 10 to 90% by weight of graphite, b) 2 to 45% by weight of homo- or copolymer of olefinically unsaturated monomers, c) 0.5 to 8% by weight of dispersant.
The high-temperature lubricant is produced by introducing graphite into an aqueous suspension of a homo- or copolymer of olefinically unsaturated monomers and a dispersant, so that the agent 10 to 90% by weight of graphite, 2 to 45% by weight of homo- or copolymer sat of olefinically unsaturated monomers and 0.5 to 8% by weight of dispersant.
The agents according to the invention are used in the form of aqueous suspensions with solids contents of 5 to 80% by weight as high-temperature lubricants for the hot working of metals.
The homo- or copolymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers are expediently prepared by the emulsion polymerization process. For example, the polymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl laurate, ethylene, butadiene, acrylic acid, acrylic acid with copolymers, styrene, maleic acid ester, etc. can be used.
In order to achieve an optimal lubricating effect, there must be a dry lubricating film. The aqueous suspension containing the lubricant is expediently applied to the hot tool in a manner known per se, such as spraying or brushing on; the water evaporates and the polymer or mixed polymer melts to form a viscous film. The film thickness is expediently 0.05 to 1.0 mm, preferably 0.1 to 0.2 mm. In this film, due to their structure, the graphite particles are evenly oriented in platelets over the entire surface. At the beginning of the machining process, the workpiece floats to a certain extent on the polymer film. Finally, the homopolymer or copolymer burns off cleanly without leaving any residue. The burn creates a gas cushion that supports the separation between the friction surfaces.
At the same time, the graphite creates a stable separating and lubricating layer that becomes effective in the event of local overload and the resulting tear-off of the hydrodynamically acting melt film and especially at peak temperatures during the process.
As a result of the burn-off of the additives according to the invention, it can be assumed that a kind of protective atmosphere is created between the tool and the workpiece, which delays the burn-off of graphite at higher temperatures.
The graphite used in the high-temperature lubricant according to the invention expediently has a grain size of up to 300 μm and a purity of at least 96%, preferably a grain size of up to 100 μm and a purity of 99.5%.
The stabilizer (dispersant) used is a polysaccharide, an alkyl cellulose, for example methyl cellulose, or an alginate. A wetting agent can also advantageously be added to the suspension in small amounts.
The high-temperature lubricant according to the invention can in principle be used for non-cutting metal forming, for example in drop forging. A preferred form of application is the lubrication of the mandrel in the production of seamless tubes, for example on so-called pilgrim, continental or MPM roads.
example
Graphite and water are mixed into an aqueous suspension with a proportion of a vinyl acetate copolymer of 31.1% and 3.3% of a polysaccharide, so that a suspension with a content of 20% graphite, 9.5% vinyl acetate copolymer,
1% polysaccharide and 69.5% water are produced. This mixture according to the invention is sprayed onto the mandrel in an MPM line which is used to produce seamless pipes.
The composition of the lubricant allows the lubricating film to be sprayed onto the surface of the mandrel during the return transport. A dry, water-repellent film forms immediately on the hot surface of the mandrel. Immediately after applying the film, the mandrel can be cooled in a water bath or by spraying water on it without the lubricating film being removed. The lubricating film is not damaged by the intensive water cooling of the rolls to which the mandrel is exposed at the beginning of the rolling process.
The use of the lubricating film has advantages over conventional lubricants, such as a physiologically harmless formulation suspended in water, and clean burn-off (no environmentally harmful oil smoke). The lubricant leaves a shiny surface of the mandrel with no residue. The power required to pull tubes through rolling mills is considerably reduced, the rolling stands work more evenly and mandrel wear is greatly reduced. The pipe evenly surrounds the mandrel, which results in a better pipe quality, and it is finally also possible to achieve thinner pipe wall thicknesses with a given system.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH624274A CH596294A5 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-05-08 | High temp. lubricants for hot forming of metals |
GB4457174A GB1438215A (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-10-15 | High temperature lubricant |
IT53622/74A IT1021859B (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-10-18 | HIGH TEMPERATURE LUBRICANT FOR HOT MODELING OF METALS |
DE2450716A DE2450716C3 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-10-25 | High temperature lubricant for the hot working of metals |
SU742074765A SU625621A3 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-11-13 | Lubricant for hot working of metals |
JP49131534A JPS5937317B2 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-11-13 | High temperature lubricant |
US05/523,499 US4052323A (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-11-13 | High-temperature lubricant for the hot-working of metals |
FR7441870A FR2270319B1 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-12-18 | |
CS753115A CS196268B2 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-05 | Lubricant for metals hot shaping |
DD185861A DD120465A5 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-06 | |
CA226,398A CA1054134A (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-06 | High-temperature lubricant for the hot-working of metals |
SE7505263A SE412919B (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-06 | HIGH TEMPERATURE MORNING AGENT AND USE OF THIS FOR HEATING OF METALS |
ES437493A ES437493A1 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-07 | High-temperature lubricant for the hot-working of metals |
RO7582160A RO70139A (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-07 | LUBRICANT COMPOSITION FOR HIGH TEMPERATURES USEFUL FOR FUSION OF HOT METALS |
PL1975180250A PL101948B1 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-05-08 | A LUBRICANT FOR HOT-FORMING OF METALS |
SU752175649A SU632305A3 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1975-09-30 | Metal lubricant concentrate for hot treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH624274A CH596294A5 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-05-08 | High temp. lubricants for hot forming of metals |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH596294A5 true CH596294A5 (en) | 1978-03-15 |
Family
ID=4306502
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH624274A CH596294A5 (en) | 1974-05-08 | 1974-05-08 | High temp. lubricants for hot forming of metals |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH596294A5 (en) |
PL (1) | PL101948B1 (en) |
SU (1) | SU625621A3 (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0218989A2 (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-22 | Lonza Ag | Method for suspending solid lubricants |
US4665936A (en) * | 1984-01-04 | 1987-05-19 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for the control of turbidity currents |
US5016456A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1991-05-21 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for making hollow billets into tubes |
US5042209A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1991-08-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for charging a carrier gas stream with a free-flowing material and process for operating the device |
US5099667A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-03-31 | Lonza Ltd. | System for suspending and applying solid lubricants to tools or work pieces |
US5205488A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1993-04-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process and device for spraying a liquid intermittently, especially a lubricant suspension to be sprayed under high pressure |
US5271854A (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1993-12-21 | Lonza Ltd. | High temperature lubricant containing carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex |
DE102005043542A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Graphit Kropfmühl AG | Stable aqueous graphite dispersion with high solids content |
US8307688B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2012-11-13 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing seamless stainless steel pipe |
-
1974
- 1974-05-08 CH CH624274A patent/CH596294A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-11-13 SU SU742074765A patent/SU625621A3/en active
-
1975
- 1975-05-08 PL PL1975180250A patent/PL101948B1/en unknown
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4665936A (en) * | 1984-01-04 | 1987-05-19 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for the control of turbidity currents |
EP0218989A2 (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1987-04-22 | Lonza Ag | Method for suspending solid lubricants |
US4735734A (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1988-04-05 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for preparing suspensions of solid lubricants |
EP0218989A3 (en) * | 1985-10-02 | 1989-04-26 | Lonza Ag | Method for suspending solid lubricants |
US5271854A (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1993-12-21 | Lonza Ltd. | High temperature lubricant containing carboxylated styrene-butadiene latex |
US5042209A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1991-08-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for charging a carrier gas stream with a free-flowing material and process for operating the device |
US5016456A (en) * | 1988-03-30 | 1991-05-21 | Lonza Ltd. | Process for making hollow billets into tubes |
US5099667A (en) * | 1989-06-16 | 1992-03-31 | Lonza Ltd. | System for suspending and applying solid lubricants to tools or work pieces |
US5205488A (en) * | 1990-03-26 | 1993-04-27 | Lonza Ltd. | Process and device for spraying a liquid intermittently, especially a lubricant suspension to be sprayed under high pressure |
DE102005043542A1 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2007-03-15 | Graphit Kropfmühl AG | Stable aqueous graphite dispersion with high solids content |
US8307688B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2012-11-13 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing seamless stainless steel pipe |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL101948B1 (en) | 1979-02-28 |
SU625621A3 (en) | 1978-09-25 |
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