CN87103969A - 润滑剂及可用作其添加剂的新的多氟化合物 - Google Patents
润滑剂及可用作其添加剂的新的多氟化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN87103969A CN87103969A CN87103969.9A CN87103969A CN87103969A CN 87103969 A CN87103969 A CN 87103969A CN 87103969 A CN87103969 A CN 87103969A CN 87103969 A CN87103969 A CN 87103969A
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
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- WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H trizinc;dioxido-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S.[O-]P([O-])([S-])=S WMYJOZQKDZZHAC-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
为了改进润滑剂的抗磨性,至少要加入(I)式 所示的一种化合物,式中:
Rf是全氟基,a=0—10,b=0或1(若a=0和 c=1),c=1—4(若a≠0时c为2),m=0或1, n=0或1,X是-芳基,Y是2-羟基-1-苯乙基, R1和R1′各代表氢原子或是烷基,环烷基或芳基, R2和R2′各代表氢原子或酰基,若a+m+n=0,R1和 R2中至少有一个不是H或CH3。
Description
本发明涉及润滑剂领域,具体来说是涉及在润滑剂中加入含氟有机化合物,以改进其抗磨性。
一些有机氟衍生物作为润滑剂组合物的添加剂使用已广为人知;例如,在美国专利3,565,926中描述过脂肪胺和全囟一元羧酸盐的应用,在法国专利2,026,493中介绍了用选自氟化饱和一元羧酸或氟化一元羧酸氯化物的含氟有机化合物与芳香胺反应所得衍生物的应用。然而,这些羧酸衍生物在常用添加剂(如去垢-分散剂添加物)存在时有抗磨效力降低的弊病,这或者是由于物理化学作用妨碍它们在被润滑物表面上的吸附,或者是由于化学作用,特别是当去垢-分散剂添加物是中性的或含过剩碱的碱土金属盐时。
最近,在法国专利2,520,377中提出了多氟链胺或氨基醇的应用。虽然这些胺和氨基醇与去垢-分散剂添加物结合可得到具有明显抗磨性和降低摩擦力性质的润滑剂合剂,但是它们的应用通常有一定局限,这是因为其高挥发性使其在一定时间内效力降低。
现已发现,这种弊病可用氟化抗磨添加物(其通式如下的化合物)克服:
式中:
Rf代表全氟基,最好是含2至20个碳原子的直链或支链全氟基团,尤以含6至16个碳原子的直链全氟烷基团为最好;
a是0至10的整数,最好是0至3;
b等于0或1,但是只有当a等于0,同时c又等于1时,b才等于1;
c是1至4的整数,但仅当a不是0时才等于2;
m和n可等于0或1;
X代表任意取代芳基,最好是不取代苯基或被含有1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基取代的苯基;
Y是2-羟基-1-苯乙基;
R1和R′ 1可以相同,也可不同,它们各是氢原子,含1至20个碳原子的烷基,含5至6个碳原子的环烷基,或任意取代的芳基;
R2和R′ 2可相同,也可不同,它们各是氢原子或脂肪族、脂环族或芳族的羧酸酰基,
若a+m+n之和是零,则R1和R2中至少有一个不是氢或甲基。
根据本发明,式(Ⅰ)的单一化合物或这些化合物的混合物均可被应用。从经济观点来看,应用不同Rf基的化合物的混合物最为有利。
式(Ⅰ)的某些化合物已为人们所知,即式
的化合物在法国增补专利93,239和法国专利2,205,894中有介绍。其它的化合物是新产品,它们构成本发明的一部分。
一般来说,式(Ⅰ)化合物可用熟知的方法(例如参见法国专利1,532,284及其增补专利93,170,93,239,95,059和2,102,753以及法国专利2,205,894)从式Ⅱ所示的碘的衍生物:
与芳胺X-NH2或氨基醇
缩合,进而使环氧化物与所生成的氟化胺
反应来制备。如果需要,也可将所制得的氟化二醇或氨基醇进行酯化。
应当指出,当同时使用RfCH2CH2I型碘化物和氨基醇(Ⅲ)时,缩合作用通常得到式(Ⅳ-a)和式(Ⅳ-b)所示的氟化胺的混合物:
式中R′f是所含碳原子较Rf基少一个的全氟基。然而,如果需要,用气相色谱分离这两种胺是可能的。饱和胺(Ⅳ-a)也可有选择地用大量过剩的氨基醇(Ⅲ)制备。同样,不饱和胺(Ⅳ-b)可依照美国专利3,535,381将氨基醇(Ⅲ)与氟化烯烃Rf-CH=CH2缩合制得。
碘化物(Ⅱ)与芳香胺X-NH2或氨基醇(Ⅲ)的缩合反应可以在无溶剂、温度在160℃以下进行,也可在惰性溶剂中回流下进行,以C4至C6脂肪醇作惰性溶剂较为方便。
作为环氧化物的无限制的实例特别常提到的有环氧乙烷,环氧丙烷,1,2-环氧丁烷,1,2-环氧己烷,1,2-环氧十二烷,1,2-环氧十八烷和氧化苯乙烯。环氧化物与氟化胺(Ⅳ)中间体的反应可根据所用环氧化物的性质用不同的方法进行。如果所用的环氧化物通常是气态,反应可用通气法或在压热器中进行;若用的是液态环氧化物,则反应可用简单地加热胺和环氧化物混合物的方法进行。
为了得到R2和(或)R′ 2是酰基的式(Ⅰ)化合物,氟化二醇或氨基醇的任意酯作用可在0至100℃间用羧酸或下式的衍生物进行:
式中Z是OH基,氯原子或1至5个碳原子的烷氧基,R3是含有1至30个碳原子(最好是4至22个碳原子)饱和或不饱和的直链或支链的脂肪基,脂环基或芳基。
在使用酸(Z=OH)时,反应在脱水剂(如硫酸或分子筛)存在下进行。形成的水可用惰性溶剂以共沸蒸馏法除去,最好使用芳香溶剂,如苯,甲苯或二甲苯。
若用羧酸酯(Z=烷氧基),反应可在酯基转移催化剂存在下进行,这些催化剂如硫酸,对-甲苯磺酸或乙醇铝。过量的酯R3COZ可作为反应溶剂应用。
当用酰基氯(Z=Cl)进行酯基转移作用时,反应在脱氢酸试剂存在下进行,这些试剂如含3至20个碳原子的叔胺,最好由三甲胺,三乙胺,三丙胺,三丁胺,三戊胺和吡啶中选择。这种类型的酯基转移作用一般在含有脂肪醚(如乙醚,丙醚,异丙醚,丁醚,异丁醚或戊醚,甲基特丁醚,甲基特戊醚)或囟化脂肪烃(如二氯甲烷和氯仿)的溶剂中进行。
作为所用酰基氯的实例特别要提到的是丁酰氯,己酰氯,辛酰氯,异戊酰氯,月桂酰氯,亚油酰氯,庚酰氯,油酰氯,棕榈酰氯,壬酰氯,苯乙酰氯,特戊酰氯,硬脂酰氯,十一碳烯酰氯,苯甲酰氯,2-甲基苯甲酰氯,4-特-丁苯酰氯或肉桂酰氯。
式(Ⅱ)碘化物衍生物的大部分是已知的产物,其制法已为R.N.Haszeldine(J.C.S.1949,2856-2861和J.C.S.1953,3761),G.V.D.Tiers(J.A.C.S.1953,75,5978),和在法国专利2,211,430以及在Phosphorus and Sulfur 1984,20,197中描述。
本发明的(Ⅰ)式化合物中,特别应优先介绍的是式(Ⅰ-a)的那些化合物和下式的那些化合物:
式中b+c之和等于2,R″ 1是氢原子或甲基,R″′ 1代表含从2至16中偶数碳原子的烷基。
为了获得最佳效果,向润滑油中加入的式(Ⅰ)添加剂的量至少是润滑油重量的0.01%,最好是在0.05至0.5%之间。按照本发明,添加剂最好由工业产品构成,其中b=0的(Ⅰ)式化合物的比例至少等于10%(重量)。
润滑油可以是矿物油,合成碳氢化合物及属于下述不同类的合成油:乙二醇类,乙二醇醚类,乙二醇酯类,聚亚氧烷基乙二醇类,它们的醚和酯类,一元羧酸或多元羧酸和一元醇或多元醇的酯类,不限于此目录。
当为生产机油而采用石油馏分(如“中性溶剂”基)做润滑剂基料时,常用的去垢-分散剂(如烷基芳基磺酸钙或钡和烷基酚钙或钡)或“无灰”分散剂(如丁二酸衍生物)与本发明的有机氟衍生物结合使用是有益的。去垢-分散添加物可促进氟化物添加剂在油中的增溶溶解,而不影响后者的抗磨性,也不失去其自身的强度。
根据本发明,向已配制好的含有如烷基二硫代磷酸锌添加剂的油中追加氟衍生物对其抗磨能力可有很大改进,并能增加这些油的负荷量,而不影响其它添加剂发挥其特性,如分散能力,去垢能力和抗腐蚀能力。
在内燃机油的配方中,用0.1至0.2%的本发明的有机氟化物作为抗磨添加剂全部或部分代替二硫代磷酸锌就能达到等于或大于这种常用添加剂所达抗磨水平。
因此本发明的氟添加剂既可以作为汽油或柴油发动机润滑油中烷基二硫代磷酸锌的取代物,也可以作为这些油的补充添加剂使用。
下述实例和试验说明了本发明,但本发明并不局限于此。除另有说明外,百分数均用重量表示。
实例1
在室温和不断搅拌下,将5.84克庚酰氯逐滴加入21.4克氟化氨基二醇C8F17CH2CH2N(CH2CH2OH)2和C7F15CF=CH-CH2N(CH2CH2OH)2(分别为65和35摩尔%)和4克三乙胺在100克二异丙醚的溶液中。
庚酰氯全部加入后,将溶液在60℃加热2小时。冷却后,滤出三乙胺盐酸盐,并用乙醚洗涤,真空蒸发除去溶剂。残余物用红外光谱检验(醇的峰在3400cm-1,酯峰在1730cm-1),大体上与下式的酯一致:
产率:94%
实例2
进行如例1中的反应,但用相同摩尔比的式为
的工业氟化氨基二醇混合物代替上例的氟化氨基二醇混合物。式中n等于6,8,10,12和14,重量百分比分别为56.2%,27.2%,12.3%,3.7%和0.6%。这种混合物的平均分子量为510,它约含65摩尔%的饱和氨基二醇和35摩尔%的不饱和氨基二醇。
得到主要含有下式的酯的混合物,产率为96%:
实例3
进行如实例1中的反应,但用8.6克月桂酰氯代替庚酰氯,用150克甲基特-丁基醚代替二异丙醚。
经红外光谱鉴定(醇谱带:3400cm-1,酯谱带:1735cm-1),得到的是主要含下式酯的混合物:
产率95%。
实例4
重复实例3,但用等摩尔比的例2中所指明的氟化氨基二醇的工业混合物代替C8F17和C7F15氨基二醇。
得到主要含下式的酯的混合物,产率98%:
实例5
进行如例1中的反应,但用相当摩尔量的油酰氯和与例2中相同的氟化氨基二醇混合物分别代替庚酰氯和C8F17及C7F15氨基二醇。在60℃只加热1小时。
得到的混合物为黑色液体,产率94%,经红外光谱鉴定(醇谱带:3420cm-1,酯谱带:1740cm-1),主要含下式的酯:
实例6
进行如例1中的反应,但用5.52克苯酰氯代替庚酰氯,并在60-70℃加热4小时。
得到的混合物为橙色粘稠液体,产率95%经红外光谱鉴定(醇谱带:3440cm-1,酯谱带:1720cm-1),主要含下式的酯:
实例7
重复实例6,用例2中指明的氟化氨基二醇工业混合物代替C8F17和C7F15氨基二醇。所得产物为粘稠液体,室温时略有混浊。产率87%。
实例8
在室温和恒定搅拌下将12.2克庚酰氯逐滴加入22.5克在例1中所指明的C8F17、C7F15氟化氨基二醇混合物和8.3克三乙胺在120克二异丙醚的溶液中。此溶液回流加热4小时。冷却后,滤出三乙胺盐酸盐,用乙醚洗涤,然后真空蒸发除去溶剂。
从而得到经红外光谱鉴定(无3400cm-1的OH谱带;有1730cm-1的酯谱带)为下式的二酯混合物:
为易流动的橙黄色液体,产率88%。
实例9
进行如例8的反应,但用20.9克例2中指明的氟化氨基二醇工业混合物代替C8F17和C7F15氨基二醇。下式二酯产率为96%:
实例10
a)将0.2升乙醇,23.65克3-全氟辛基丙腈和1克悬浮在20毫升乙醇中的Raney镍引入带有磁搅拌的1升的Hastelloy C压热器。将压热器密封后,引入19克氨,然后再引入6兆帕的氢,使内容物加热至90℃。然后开启搅拌,混合物在90℃下保持直至压力不再下降(约1.5小时)。
冷却压热器,降压,并用氮气吹扫。过滤催化剂和蒸去乙醇后,得到21克在70℃熔化的白色粉状3-全氟辛基丙胺。
b)将71.6克上述胺和14.2克环氧乙烷引入装有聚四氟乙烯筒和磁搅拌的0.5升的Hastelloy C压热器,搅拌下将内容物加热到75℃,温度自己会升到105℃。使混合物冷却至85℃,在此温度保持一小时。从压热器中取出后,产品在120℃,133帕斯卡下保持1小时,从而得到77克在58-59℃熔化的N-(3-全氟辛基丙基)二乙醇胺的灰色固体。
c)进行如例1中的反应,但用22.2克N-(3-全氟辛基丙基)二乙醇胺代替C8F17和C7F15氨基二醇。得到24.7克在约20℃时变为固体的橙黄色液体。在红外图上,观察到在3400cm-1的OH谱带,在1720cm-1的酯基谱带,相应于下式的酯:
实例11
将4.3克乙酰氯逐滴加入到30克在例1中所指明的C8F17和C8F15的混合物与5.5克三乙胺在100克二异丙醚的溶液中,不断搅拌之,然后将混合物加热至60℃,维持2小时。
冷却后滤出三乙胺盐酸盐,真空下蒸出溶剂,得到主要含下式的酯的混合物,产率95%:
实例12
进行如例11的反应,但用异丁烯酰氯代替乙酰氯。
得到易流动的主要含下式的酯的产物,产率96%:
在红外光谱上可观察到3380cm-1的OH带和在1710cm-1的酯带。
实例13
a)将1449克1-碘代-2-全氟辛基乙烷和671克苯胺引入2升的反应器中,将混合物在150℃搅拌加热4.5小时。冷却至60℃后,在此温度下用倾析法洗涤反应物块,第一次用1.25升10%NaOH溶液洗,然后用1.25升水洗三次,以使最后的洗涤水为中性且无碘离子。
然后蒸馏下层的有机相,除去从1600帕70℃到267帕51℃的馏分,再在200帕下蒸馏,收集124至134℃沸程的馏分。从而得到在30℃熔化1246克1-苯胺基-2-全氟辛基乙烷黄色固体。
b)将221.8克上述产品装入配有聚四氟乙烯筒和磁搅拌的0.5升的Hastelloy C压热器。用氮气吹扫三次后,导入22克环氧乙烷,内容物在165℃搅拌下加热8小时。然后再加入12克环氧乙烷,内容物在163-164℃再加热6小时。
实例14
a)将540克苯胺和1080克各种2-全氟烷基碘乙烷CnF2n+1CH2CH2I的混合物加入到2升的反应器中。碘化物的平均分子量为537,其直链CnF2n+1的重量百分组成如下:
C6F13:54.3%
C8F17:27.0%
C10F21:10.7%
C12F25:4.1%
≥C14F29:2.5%
混合物在150-152℃搅拌加热5小时,然后冷却至60℃,在此温度下先用一升10%NaOH溶液洗,再用一升水洗三次,直至水相为中性且无碘离子为止。
然后蒸馏有机相,蒸出从1200帕65℃至267帕51℃的馏分,再用薄膜蒸发器蒸馏(流速:200毫升/小时;真空:133帕;加热:190℃,罩温:100℃)。
从而得到845克化学式为CnF2n+1-CH2CH2-NH-C6H5的胺的混合物。该物在室温下为浅紫红色的半液半固状产物,在45℃完全为(红色)液体。
b)将200克上述产物和19克环氧乙烷装入与例13-b相同的压热器中,然后将内容物在160℃加热6.5小时。再加入10克环氧乙烷,内容物再在160℃加热6.5小时。
使压热器冷却和降压后,得到215克红色产物,该物在室温下为半液半固状,45℃时完全为液体。色谱分析表明,此产物的96%以上由下式所示的氨基醇的混合物构成。
实例15
a)将287克1-碘代-2-全氟辛基乙烷和199克对-氨基苯乙醚装入2升的反应器中,内容物在150℃搅拌加热5小时。将内容物冷至95℃,在此温度用0.4升10%NaOH溶液以倾析法洗涤。仍用倾析法用1升水再洗三次(在65℃),直至水相呈中性且无碘离子为止。
然后将有机相蒸馏,蒸出200帕下88-92℃的馏分,再在133帕下蒸馏。收集沸程141-145℃的级分,得到210克在69-70℃熔化的橙黄色固体状1-(对-乙氧苯胺基)-2-全氟辛基乙烷的粗品(纯度:90%)。
b)将130.7克上述产物装入例13-b中相同的压热器中,然后加入14克环氧乙烷,内容物在178-180℃加热7小时。使压热器冷却和卸空后,得到137克在40℃熔化的浅栗褐色固体状1-(N-羟基乙基-对-乙氧苯胺基)-2-全氟辛基乙烷粗品(溶化时为深红色液体)。
实例16
a)将287克1-碘代-2-全氟辛基乙烷和184.5克邻-氨基苯甲醚装入2升反应器中,此混合物在115-120℃搅拌加热4.5小时,再在150℃加热5.5小时。用倾析法洗涤,先在95℃用0.4升10%NaOH溶液洗涤,再在65℃用1升水洗三次,直至水相呈中性并无碘离子为止。
过量的邻-氨基苯甲醚用水蒸汽蒸馏法除去,在133帕130℃下蒸馏有机相。收集到240克在62-63℃熔化的纯度超过97%的橙黄色产品1-邻-甲氧苯胺基)-2-全氟辛基乙烷。
b)将120.6克上述产物和17.4克环氧乙烷引入装配有聚四氟乙烯筒和磁搅拌的0.3升不锈钢压热器。将内容物在178-180℃加热8小时。再三次加入18克环氧乙烷和4兆帕的氮,每加一次后都在178-180℃搅拌加热6小时。
使压热器冷却和卸空后,将产物在133帕120℃保持一小时,然后在60℃用100毫升水洗两次。在低真空下除去馏分后,得到112克暗红色液体状1-(N-羟乙基-邻-甲氧苯胺基)2-全氟辛基乙烷粗品。
实例17
将57.5克氟化氨基醇C8F17CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2OH和C7F15CF=CH-CH2-NH-CH2CH2OH的混合物(分别为67和33摩尔%)和10克1,2-环氧己烷先后引入0.1升装有冷凝器的锥形烧瓶中,为了能搅拌,故装有磁性随动件,并可在油浴上加热。
内装物在105-110℃搅拌加热6小时,再加入4克相同的氟化氨基醇混合物,将内装物在110℃再加热3小时。
得到69.5克下式化合物的混合物,该物为橙色液体,在40℃时是粘的:
实例18
将24.8克同样的氟化氨基醇混合物和9.2克1,2-环氧十二烷加入如例17中同样的装置。内装物在125℃搅拌加热3.75小时。
得到33克橙色液体,该物在40℃为粘液,系下式的氨基二醇的混合物:
实例19
将26.1克同样的氟化氨基醇混合物和14.15克1,2-环氧十八烷加入如例17中的相同的装置中,内装物在120℃下搅拌加热7.75小时。然后再加入3.6克氟化氨基醇的混合物,内装物在120℃再加热2小时,然后在140℃搅拌加热4小时。
得到在40℃熔化的40克栗褐色固体,由下式氨基二醇混合物组成:
实例20
将21.6克1,2-环氧丁烷和146.8克氟化氨基醇
CnF2n+1-C2H4-NH-C2H4OH(67摩尔%)及Cn-1F2n-1-CF=CH-CH2-NH-C2H4OH(33摩尔%)的混合物加入到例13-b中相同的压热器中,氟化氨基醇混合物中直链CnF2n+1的重量百分组成如下:
C6F13:55.7%
C8F17:27.2%
C10F21:10.15%
C12F25:3.9%
≥C14F29:2.9%
内装物先在87-88℃加热6小时,再加入3.2克1,2-环氧丁烷,再在107℃加热4.5小时。
使压热器冷却、卸空并在133帕80℃除去馏分后,得到154克橙色液体,该液在室温时有少量沉积物,30℃完全变清。该产物是化学式为
的氨基二醇的混合物。
实例21
将476克与例20中相同的氟化氨基醇混合物和184克1,2-环氧十二烷装入装有冷凝器的1升的锥形烧瓶中,为能搅拌,故装有磁性随动件,并可用油浴加热。然后将内装物在120-125℃加热3小时。
得到651克下式的氨基二醇的混合物:
混合物在室温下为一粘性橙色液体,并有少量沉积物,但在40℃时完全变清。
实例22
将570克与例20中相同的氟化氨基醇混合物和144.3克氧化苯乙烯装入与例21同样的装置,内装物搅拌加热到113℃。然后,温度自动升高到134℃。将内装物冷却至113-115℃,在此温度下保持一小时。
得到702克橙黄色液体,此液体在室温下很粘,但在40℃变得易流动。核磁共振分析表明,此产品含有78摩尔%的下式的氨基二醇:
以及22摩尔%的以下化学式的氨基二醇:
实例23
a)将6克含有4.5克乙醇胺和1.5克氯化亚铜的混合物装入1升不锈钢压热器中,将压热器内抽真空,压热器用液氮冷却,再向其中加入246克全氟乙基碘和64克1,1-二氟乙烯。然后将内装物在145℃搅拌加热21小时。再加入64克1,1-二氟乙烯,内装物再在145℃加热21小时。
冷却和清洗压热器后,收集到146克产物,该产物经色谱分析主要组成如下:
未转化的C2F5I 29.3%
C2F5(CH2CF2)nI n-1:23.5%
n=2:19.9%
n=3:10.2%
n=4:4.12%
n=5:1.3%
n=6:0.4%
n=7:0.1%
真空蒸馏该产物,收集4666帕下59℃沸腾的馏分。得到28.6克C2F5-(CH2CF2)2I化合物。
b)将4克含3克乙醇胺和1克氯化亚铜的混合物,以及374克C2F5-(CH2CF2)2I加入与上述相同的压热器中。然后通入乙烯7小时,维持在145℃,压力为2.6兆帕。
降压和清除压热器后,将产物蒸馏,收集在133帕下于70-75℃沸腾的馏分。收集物有276克,由化合物C2F5-(CH2CF2)2-CH2CH2I组成,为白色固体,在54℃熔化。
c)将100克上述化合物和100克特-戊醇加入到0.25升的反应器中。将内装物搅拌加热至100℃,维持这一温度,在30分钟内加入61克乙醇胺。内装物再加热回流,在回流温度保持7小时。
冷却后使内装物沉降,收集上层物,在室温用倾析法洗涤。先用0.1升10%NaOH溶液洗,再用0.1升水洗三次,降去6000帕下31℃的馏分。残余物重60.8克,其组成为氨基醇C2F5(CH2CF2)2C2H4NHC2H4OH。
d)将64克上述氨基醇加入与例17中相同的装置中,搅拌加热至65℃。在此温度和继续搅拌下将环氧乙烷(4.4升/小时)和氮气(0.5升/小时)的混合物以鼓泡的方法在大气压下通4.5小时。得到72克氨基二醇C2F5(CH2CF2)2-C2H4-N(C2H4OH)2的粗品,该粗品为红色糊状物。
实例24
在室温和恒定搅拌下,将4.7克庚酰氯逐滴加入到12克前例的氨基二醇及3.2克三乙胺在100毫升丙酮中的溶液中。当庚酰氯加完时,将内装物在回流温度加热二小时,然后冷却,滤出三乙胺盐酸盐,溶剂用真空蒸馏法蒸发掉。再将残余物溶于乙醚中,过滤溶液以除去残留的痕量三乙胺盐酸盐。乙醚蒸发后,经红外光谱鉴定(在3360cm-1有OH带;在1735cm-1有酯谱带),主要得到下式的酯:
产率:98%。
实例25
进行如例24的反应,但用4.45克苯甲酰氯代替庚酰氯。主要得到经红外光谱鉴定的(在3330cm-1有OH带;在1710cm-1有酯带)下式的酯:
实例26
将48.2克3-全氟辛基丙胺和18.5克1,2-环氧十二烷加入与例17相同的装置中。内装物在80-90℃搅拌加热3小时。然后再加入18克1,2-环氧十二烷,内装物在100℃加热6小时。然后再加入3.8克3-全氟辛基丙胺,在110℃继续加热5小时。
得到87克下式的浅米色固体氨基二醇,在40℃熔化:
抗磨试验
以200号矿物油中性溶剂作为基油,以本发明的含氟链化合物作为添加剂所构成的润滑剂的抗磨能力用SHELL EP-4球磨四球机测定,该机的说明载于美国试验与材料学会标准年鉴(“Annual Book of ASTM Standards”),第24部分(1979),680-688页。
试验是使一个12毫米直径的球以1500转/分的转速在三个静止的球上旋转,三个静止的球上复盖着欲测定的润滑剂。用杠杆系统施以400或700牛顿的负荷把三个静止的球向处于心轴上的上面的球推。
润滑剂的抗磨效力以操作一小时后三个固定的球上磨损痕迹的直径的平均值来测定。
用本发明的各种氟化物添加剂所得结果都列在表Ⅰ中,添加剂用FX形式表示,X是叙述氟化物添加剂制法的各相应实例编号。加于基油中的氟化物添加剂的重量比例列于第二栏。
表Ⅰ
氟化添加物 重量百分比% 施以以下负荷时以毫米表示
的磨损直径值
400牛顿 700牛顿
无(对照) 1.44 2.37
F1 0.1 0.60 0.56
F2 0.1 0.67 1.1
F3 0.1 0.42 0.50
F4 0.1 0.65 0.78
F5 0.1 0.68 1.08
F6 0.1 0.39 0.61
F7 0.1 0.66 0.77
F8 0.1 0.77 -
F9 0.1 0.80 -
F10 0.1 0.72 1.1
表Ⅰ(续)
氟化添加物 重量百分比% 施以以下负荷时以毫米表示
的磨损直径值
400牛顿 700牛顿
F11 0.1 0.57 0.97
F12 0.1 0.37 0.77
F13 0.2 0.53 -
F13 0.3 0.43 0.71
F14 0.2 0.59 -
F14 0.3 0.36 -
F15 0.3 0.43 -
F16 0.3 0.44 0.64
F17 0.1 0.69 0.94
F18 0.1 0.67 0.76
F19 0.1 0.65 0.77
F21 0.1 0.70 1.10
F22 0.1 0.68 0.90
F23 0.1 0.84 1.05
F24 0.1 0.59 0.78
F25 0.1 0.63 0.78
采用同样的方法测定用以下方法得到的润滑剂合剂的抗磨效力。该法是将供汽油发动机用的SAE 15W 40型油合剂的主要常规添加剂,加到200号矿物油中,但是用本发明的氟链化合物代替硫代磷酸锌。SAE 15W 40型油常用的添加剂是:去垢剂(碱过量磺酸盐),分散剂(琥珀酸亚胺),和抗氧化剂(芳香胺)。试验结果整理在下面的表Ⅱ中。
表Ⅱ
氟化物添加剂 重量百分比,% 施以以下负荷时以毫米表示
的磨损直径值
400牛顿 600牛顿 700牛顿
无(对照) 0.60 1.80 2.10
F1 0.1 0.37 - 0.82
F1 0.3 0.37 - 0.86
F2 0.2 0.37 - 0.70
F3 0.2 0.37 - 0.86
F4 0.2 0.38 - 0.68
F5 0.2 0.38 - 0.63
F6 0.2 0.45 - 0.86
F7 0.2 0.36 - 0.68
F8 0.2 0.41 - -
F9 0.2 0.44 - -
F10 0.2 0.40 - 0.75
F11 0.2 0.36 - 0.66
F12 0.2 0.36 - 0.69
F13 0.4 0.41 - 0.63
F14 0.4 0.41 - 0.56
F15 0.4 0.40 - 0.54
表Ⅱ(续)
氟化物添加剂 重量百分比,% 施以以下负荷时以毫米表示
的磨损直径值
400牛顿 600牛顿 700牛顿
F16 0.4 0.40 - 0.64
F17 0.23 0.56 - 0.89
F18 0.3 - 0.59 0.75
F19 0.15 - 0.57 -
F19 0.2 - - 0.82
F19 0.3 - 0.59 0.75
F21 0.2 - 0.45 1.84
F21 0.27 - 0.45 1.28
F22 0.2 0.37 - 0.75
F25 0.2 0.54 - 0.77
F26 0.2 0.46 - -
用同样的方法研究了二硫代磷酸锌和本发明的氟化衍生物协同构成的润滑剂合剂的抗磨性质,这样协同使用可使锌、磷和硫的浓度低于常用油中的浓度。在下面列出所得结果的表Ⅳ中,添加剂A是作为抗磨添加剂的二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,添加剂B是作为抗氧化剂的烷基芳基二硫代磷酸锌。
表Ⅲ
润滑剂组成 锌含量 以下负荷时磨损直径
(ppm)
400牛顿 700牛顿
对照:200号油+1%A 1060 0.41 0.90
200号油+0.5%A 530 0.42 0.90
200号油+0.5%A+0.1%F3 530 0.40 0.60
200号油+0.5%A+0.1%F4 530 0.39 0.64
200号油+0.5%A+0.1%F22 530 0.42 0.60
200号油+0.5%A+0.2%F22 530 0.40 0.50
对照:200号油+1%B 330 0.77 1.97
200号油+1%B+0.1%F3 330 0.37 0.54
200号油+1%B+0.1%F4 330 0.35 0.55
这些结果表明,将本发明氟化衍生物与二硫代磷酸锌协同可能得到具有明显抗磨性能的低锌浓度的合剂。
本发明氟化合物的抗磨性质也可用FALEX装置试验,此装置在“Annual Book of ASTM Standards”第24部分(1978),594-601页中介绍过。该试验用SAE 15W 40型油,其中的二硫代磷酸锌用本发明的氟化物代替。在经受250公斤负荷3小时后所记录下来的结果不是工具的断裂就是其磨耗失重。得到的结果列在下表Ⅳ中。
表Ⅳ
氟化添加剂 比例(重量%) 重量磨损(毫克计)
无(对照) 断裂
F1 0.22 106
F13 0.30 102
F17 0.23 100
F19 0.31 66
F22 0.20 30
发动机装置试验
用各含有本发明的氟化物的两种等级SAE 15W 40型汽油发动机油在发动机装置上试验,与相同等级的含二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(常用的机油抗磨添加剂)的商品油作比较。
对照油(O1)是一种商品油,它除了含有二烷基二硫代磷酸锌外,还含有其它常用的添加剂,这些添加剂构成这种类型润滑剂的一部分(去垢剂,分散剂,抗氧剂,增稠剂和阻凝剂)。
根据本发明油(O2)和(O3)与对照油(O1)的区别仅在于,在油(O2)中用0.3%的F13化合物代替二烷基二硫代磷酸锌,在油(O3)中则用0.3%的F1化合物代替之。
试验在下述条件下进行:
发动机装置:RENAULT 20TS,829/7型,汽缸体积:2000立方厘米,发动机额定功率:81千瓦,正常机速5600转/分。
试运转:10小时。
试验期(试运转后):不换油100小时
功率:满负荷
定期监控油和水温(入口和出口)。
试验后分析机件并根据欧洲标准MO2A78分类。结果列于下表中:
表Ⅴ
最大等级 油O1油O2油O3
环:间隙 20 20 19.8 20
活塞:
侧缘 10 8.4 8.8 8.9
端环槽脊(1+2) 10 2.5 4.1 5.4
碳槽(1+2+3) 30 24.7 25.8 25.3
光面槽(1+2+3) 20 6.2 10.4 11.1
槽底 10 2.1 6.0 5.8
总和 100 63.9 74.9 76.5
热稳定性试验
为了在接近于发动机中的条件下进行评价,将本发明的氟化物在空气中做热重分析。此试验是将产物样品在空气流速为10升/小时下升温(2℃/分),在200,250和300℃时记录失重百分数。
所得结果整理于下表中。先有技术中(法国专利2,520,377)推荐的下述化合物的性质在表的前部给出以便比较:
P1:C8F17-C2H4-NH-C2H4OH
P2:C8F17-C2H4-N(C2H4OH)2
P3:CnF2n+1-C2H4-N(C2H4OH)2
(n的定义如上面例2中所述)
表Ⅵ
氟化物 失重(%)
200℃ 250℃ 300℃
P1 80 94.6 97
P2 27.5 92.6 96.4
P3 43.8 96.5 99.9
F1 7.5 31.5 80
F2 7.5 30 80.6
F3 5 16.6 48
F4 4.4 15.6 43
F5 4.8 13.8 28.7
F6 2.4 18.1 61.2
F7 6.8 28.7 80.3
F8 6.2 37.5 97.5
F9 8.1 37.5 85
F12 14.8 57 87
F13 9.5 56.2 92
F15 17.5 89 -
F17 5 17.5 58
F18 5 17.5 58
F19 3 16 41
F21 4 20 62.5
F22 5 25 64.5
F25 9.4 43.8 86.3
F26 2.5 6.5 25
Claims (12)
2、权利要求1的润滑剂,其中Rf是含2至20个碳原子的直链或支链全氟烷基。
3、权利要求1或2的润滑剂,其中含有Rf基不同的多氟化合物的混合物。
4、权利要求1至3中任一种润滑剂,其中a是零,c等于1或2。
5、权利要求1至4中任一种润滑剂,其中m等于1,x是未取代苯基或被含1至4个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基取代的苯基。
6、权利要求1至5的任一个之中的润滑剂,其中的多氟化合物由下式化合物中选择:
式中b+c之和等于2,R″ 1是氢原子或甲基,R″′ 1表示含2至16中偶数碳原子数的烷基,R2表示脂肪族基,脂环基或芳基。
7、权利要求1至6中任一种润滑剂,其中的多氟化合物的含量至少为0.01%(重量),最好在0.05-0.5%之间。
8、权利要求1至7中任一种润滑剂,其中的多氟化合物是与常用添加剂结合使用的。
10、权利要求9的化合物,其中Rf是含有2至20个碳原子的直链或支链全氟烷基。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR8607789A FR2599378B1 (fr) | 1986-05-30 | 1986-05-30 | Lubrifiants et nouveaux composes polyfluores utilisables comme additifs |
FR8607789 | 1986-05-30 |
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CN87103969A true CN87103969A (zh) | 1987-12-16 |
CN1015718B CN1015718B (zh) | 1992-03-04 |
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CN87103969A Expired CN1015718B (zh) | 1986-05-30 | 1987-05-30 | 含有多氟化合物作为抗磨添加剂的润滑剂 |
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US (1) | US4832859A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0248697B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JPS62290798A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR900004515B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1015718B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU589777B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1277994C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3764192D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK274387A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2005603A6 (zh) |
FI (1) | FI872355A (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2599378B1 (zh) |
GR (1) | GR870841B (zh) |
IL (1) | IL82067A (zh) |
IN (1) | IN169565B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO871809L (zh) |
PT (1) | PT84980B (zh) |
TR (1) | TR23509A (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA873886B (zh) |
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FR2616783B1 (fr) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-10-06 | Atochem | Composes polyfluores, leur preparation et leur utilisation comme additifs pour lubrifiants |
FR2616781B1 (fr) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-10-06 | Atochem | Amino-alcools polyfluores et leurs esters, preparation de ces composes et leur utilisation comme additifs pour lubrifiants |
FR2673194B1 (fr) * | 1991-02-27 | 1993-12-24 | Atochem | Sels d'amines grasses et d'acides polyfluorocarboxyliques, et leur utilisation comme additifs pour lubrifiants. |
US5928557A (en) * | 1992-04-09 | 1999-07-27 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Lubricants for compressor fluids |
WO2004007407A2 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-01-22 | Fluorous Technologies Incorporated | Fluorous tagging and scavenging reactants and methods of synthesis and use thereof |
US8216986B2 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2012-07-10 | Kajal Parekh | Low-phosphorous lubricant additive |
US7074745B2 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2006-07-11 | Platinum Intellectual Property, L.P. | Engine oil additive |
US7399807B2 (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2008-07-15 | Unitex Chemical Corporation | Hydrophobic, oleophobic and alcohol-resistant fluorochemical additive |
US7879776B2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2011-02-01 | Krupal Patel | High performance lubricant additives |
US7754662B2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2010-07-13 | Aswath Pranesh B | High performance lubricants and lubricant additives for crankcase oils, greases, gear oils and transmission oils |
US8227389B2 (en) * | 2005-10-26 | 2012-07-24 | Aswath Pranesh B | High-performance lubricants and lubricant additives for crankcase oils, greases, gear oils and transmission oils |
WO2007084347A2 (en) * | 2006-01-13 | 2007-07-26 | Platinum Intellectual Property Lp | System and method for providing continuous, in-situ, antiwear chemistry to engine oil using a filter system |
WO2011163592A2 (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2011-12-29 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Alkylphoshorofluoridothioates having low wear volume and methods for synthesizing and using same |
US9725669B2 (en) | 2012-05-07 | 2017-08-08 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Synergistic mixtures of ionic liquids with other ionic liquids and/or with ashless thiophosphates for antiwear and/or friction reduction applications |
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US2432905A (en) * | 1943-01-04 | 1947-12-16 | Lilly Co Eli | N-substituted phthalimides and their synthesis |
US2409287A (en) * | 1943-01-04 | 1946-10-15 | Lilly Co Eli | Unsaturated amines and process for making same |
US2764603A (en) * | 1954-04-21 | 1956-09-25 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Alkylaminoalkyl-perfluoroamides |
US3227761A (en) * | 1962-12-26 | 1966-01-04 | Monsanto Res Corp | Fluorine-containing amines |
US3565926A (en) * | 1963-08-30 | 1971-02-23 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Amine salts of perhalogenated monobasic carboxylic acids |
FR2102753A6 (en) * | 1967-01-02 | 1972-04-07 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Organo-fluoro cpd mixtures - for oil - and water proofing textiles |
US3763225A (en) * | 1967-01-02 | 1973-10-02 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Perfluoroaliphatic substituted amines |
FR1532284A (fr) * | 1967-01-02 | 1968-07-12 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Nouveaux composés organiques fluorés |
US3873619A (en) * | 1967-01-02 | 1975-03-25 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Perfluoro-aliphatic substituted aminoalcohols |
US3535381A (en) * | 1967-05-22 | 1970-10-20 | Pennwalt Corp | Unsaturated fluoroalkyl amines and process for the preparation thereof |
FR1604039A (en) * | 1968-12-17 | 1971-06-28 | Polyfluorinated amino alcohols | |
FR2031650A5 (zh) * | 1969-02-03 | 1970-11-20 | Ugine Kuhlmann | |
US3845051A (en) * | 1970-09-08 | 1974-10-29 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Alpha,omega-di-s-triazinyl perfluoropolyoxa-alkanes |
ES394340A2 (es) * | 1970-08-20 | 1974-03-01 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Un procedimiento para la preparacion de nuevos compuestos organicos fluorados. |
JPS553472B2 (zh) * | 1972-05-31 | 1980-01-25 | ||
JPS4928166A (zh) * | 1972-07-13 | 1974-03-13 | ||
US4059613A (en) * | 1973-10-03 | 1977-11-22 | Asahi Denka Kogyo K.K. | Fluorine-containing dicarbamate esters |
US4584404A (en) * | 1974-01-10 | 1986-04-22 | Eli Lilly And Company | Substituted phenoxyphenylproply dimethylamines |
FR2520377B1 (fr) * | 1982-01-22 | 1985-09-13 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Application des amines a chaine polyfluoree comme additifs pour lubrifiants |
FR2551454B1 (fr) * | 1983-08-31 | 1986-06-27 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Compositions lubrifiantes contenant des fluorures de lithium, de calcium et/ou de baryum |
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1986
- 1986-05-30 FR FR8607789A patent/FR2599378B1/fr not_active Expired
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1987
- 1987-03-31 IL IL82067A patent/IL82067A/xx unknown
- 1987-04-30 NO NO871809A patent/NO871809L/no unknown
- 1987-05-14 DE DE8787401086T patent/DE3764192D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-05-14 EP EP87401086A patent/EP0248697B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-20 US US07/052,260 patent/US4832859A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-05-26 CA CA000537994A patent/CA1277994C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-05-27 FI FI872355A patent/FI872355A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-05-28 IN IN398/MAS/87A patent/IN169565B/en unknown
- 1987-05-28 ES ES8701570A patent/ES2005603A6/es not_active Expired
- 1987-05-28 TR TR361/87A patent/TR23509A/xx unknown
- 1987-05-28 GR GR870841A patent/GR870841B/el unknown
- 1987-05-29 PT PT84980A patent/PT84980B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-05-29 AU AU73644/87A patent/AU589777B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1987-05-29 DK DK274387A patent/DK274387A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1987-05-29 ZA ZA873886A patent/ZA873886B/xx unknown
- 1987-05-29 JP JP62134777A patent/JPS62290798A/ja active Granted
- 1987-05-30 CN CN87103969A patent/CN1015718B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-05-30 KR KR1019870005433A patent/KR900004515B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO871809L (no) | 1987-12-01 |
DE3764192D1 (de) | 1990-09-13 |
EP0248697B1 (fr) | 1990-08-08 |
AU589777B2 (en) | 1989-10-19 |
KR870011232A (ko) | 1987-12-21 |
NO871809D0 (no) | 1987-04-30 |
PT84980A (fr) | 1987-06-01 |
PT84980B (pt) | 1990-02-08 |
FI872355A (fi) | 1987-12-01 |
US4832859A (en) | 1989-05-23 |
AU7364487A (en) | 1987-12-03 |
CN1015718B (zh) | 1992-03-04 |
KR900004515B1 (ko) | 1990-06-28 |
JPH0686412B2 (ja) | 1994-11-02 |
TR23509A (tr) | 1990-02-14 |
IN169565B (zh) | 1991-11-09 |
FR2599378A1 (fr) | 1987-12-04 |
IL82067A (en) | 1991-03-10 |
JPS62290798A (ja) | 1987-12-17 |
EP0248697A1 (fr) | 1987-12-09 |
IL82067A0 (en) | 1987-10-20 |
ES2005603A6 (es) | 1989-03-16 |
DK274387A (da) | 1987-12-01 |
CA1277994C (fr) | 1990-12-18 |
FI872355A0 (fi) | 1987-05-27 |
JPH0210198B2 (zh) | 1990-03-07 |
JPH01131139A (ja) | 1989-05-24 |
DK274387D0 (da) | 1987-05-29 |
FR2599378B1 (fr) | 1988-07-29 |
ZA873886B (en) | 1988-01-27 |
GR870841B (en) | 1987-09-24 |
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