CN1019984C - 润滑油组合物 - Google Patents

润滑油组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1019984C
CN1019984C CN89103857A CN89103857A CN1019984C CN 1019984 C CN1019984 C CN 1019984C CN 89103857 A CN89103857 A CN 89103857A CN 89103857 A CN89103857 A CN 89103857A CN 1019984 C CN1019984 C CN 1019984C
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alkyl
carbon atom
tert
butyl
uncle
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CN89103857A
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CN1038299A (zh
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沙米尔·埃万斯
劳尔福·苏麦切
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Novartis AG
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Ciba Geigy Corp
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Abstract

不含亚磷酸盐(酯)的润滑油组合物,它包括a)一种矿物油或一种合成油或其混合物,和b)一种混合物,含有至少一种式(Ⅰ)的芳香胺,以及至少一种下式的酚,其中的R1、R2、R3、R3′、R4、R5和A如权利要求1所定义,混合物中化合物即式Ⅰ的芳香胺(类)与式Ⅱ的酚(类)的重量比为2-6∶1。这种润滑油组合物具有很高的抗老化能力,并且能有效地阻止黑色淤渣的形成。

Description

本发明是关于具备高抗氧化降解能力并且不含亚磷酸盐(酯)的润滑油组合物。
为了改善润滑剂的操作特性,可加入添加剂如矿物油或合成油和半合成油,这已属于公知内容。
用于消除润滑剂的氧化降解现象并且延长储存期限和获得高操作稳定性的添加剂是非常重要的。
由于火花点火内燃机领域结构的新发展,对现代车用机油的要求,尤其是在高温氧化的条件下,已经发生了变化。因此现今所设计的发动机会产生更多氮的氧化物,它作为活塞环漏泄气体而再次进入曲轴箱。
润滑油也可被用作上部活塞环和气缸区,以及燃烧室之间的密封剂。这样会污染高沸点燃料组分。上述情况会由于NOX的存在而更严重。
其中NOX含量不断增加的活塞环漏泄气体使润滑油更易于氧化同时会有淤渣核形成,这最终会导致更多的不希望的淤渣沉积;这些即是已知的黑色淤渣。
这一过程可认为是体现了NOX引发的润滑油的自动氧化。
已经进行了很多试验通过加入抗氧化剂来改进润滑油的性能。
例如,EP-A    0,149,422公开了一种以二苯胺为基 础的抗氧化剂。当在润滑剂中使用这种抗氧化剂时,为了进一步改进其基本性质,可使用另外的添加剂,如羟基化了的苯硫基醚,亚烷基双苯酚或β-(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-3-甲苯基)丙酸硫酯。
WO87/05320也公开了用于润滑剂的抗氧化剂组合物。描述了一种与二苯胺混合使用的羟基化甲基硫醚。
EP-A    0,049,133公开了一种稳定剂组合物,它特别适用于润滑油,含有二苯胺、亚磷酸盐(酯)、硫代二丙酸酯,以及如果需要的话,一种或多种多取代的酚类。由于催化剂可能因为含磷化合物进入废气而失活,故亚磷酸盐(酯)作为用于车用机油的稳定剂组分,其用量应加以限制,最好是全部省去。
现已发现,新型润滑剂组合物、特别是润滑油组合物与迄今已知的产品相比具备得到进一步改善的性质,对有高抗氧化降解能力并能对火花点火内燃机中黑色淤渣的消极影响产生持久的还原作用。
本发明是关于不含亚磷酸盐(酯)的润滑油组合物,它包括
a)一种矿物油或一种合成油或其混合物,和
b)一种混合物,含有至少一种下式的芳香胺,
Figure 891038574_IMG25
其中R1是H、具有1-18个碳原子的烷基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、苄基或C1-C11烷基取代的苄基,R2是具有1-18个碳原子的烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、被C1-C4烷基取代的具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、苯基、萘基或被-OH、
Figure 891038574_IMG26
、C1-C18烷氧基、C7-C9芳烷基或一个或多个具有总数1-24个碳原子的烷基基团取代的苯基或者是
Figure 891038574_IMG27
其中R1是H或具有1-18个碳原子的烷基,R11和R12各自分别为H或具有1-18个碳原子的烷基,R3是H、具有1-24个碳原子的烷基或具有7-9个碳原子的芳烷基,R8′是H或具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,以及至少一种下式的酚,
其中R4是H、具有1-24个碳原子的烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、被C1-C4烷基取代的具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、苯基或-CH2-S-R10,R5是具有1-24个碳原子的烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的被C1-C4烷基取代的环烷基、苯基或-CH2-S-R10,A是CqH2q-Sx-Y或
Figure 891038574_IMG29
,Y是-H、具有 1-18个碳原子的烷基、苯基、被C1-C24烷基取代的苯基、苄基、
Figure 891038574_IMG30
或者,如果q是0,是
Figure 891038574_IMG31
其中R4和R5在每种情况下均如前面所定义,b是1或2,d是0 1、2或3,q是0、1、2或3,x可1、2、3或4,R6
Figure 891038574_IMG32
其中d在每种情况下均是0、1、2或3,t是2、3、4、5或6,R4和R5在每种情况下均如前面所定义,R8和R9各自分别为H、具有1-12个碳原子的烷基、苯基或被一个或两个C1-C4烷基基团和/或-OH取代的苯基,或者R8和R9与联接的碳原子共同形成一个C5-C12环烷基基团,R10是C1-C18烷基、苯基或
Figure 891038574_IMG33
,b和R6如前面所定义,混合物中各类化合物即式Ⅰ的芳香胺(类)与式Ⅱ所示酚(类)或者含有至少一种式Ⅱ所示酚的酚类的重量比为2-6∶1。
本发明的组合物是关于不含亚磷酸盐(酯)的润滑油组合物,它包括a)一种矿物油或一种合成油或其混合物以及b)一种上面所述的混合物。
本发明适宜涉及上述类型的组合物,其中润滑油被用作火花点火内燃机油品。
本发明尤其是关于上述相应于API分类SF、SG、CD和/或CE,CRC规范1-G1或1-G2或CCMC规范G1、G2、G3、D1、D2、D3和/或PD1类型的组合物。
因此,该组合物可作为动力车用机油,尤其是可用于小汽车发动机和汽车发动机,它在API(美国石油学会)分类中被划分为SF和CD或SG和CD类,在CRC(科学研究协作委员会)分类中对应于标准化Caterpillar试验1-G1或1-G2,在CCMC(共同市场汽车设计者委员会)分类中对应于1或2类。
于是,根据下面的描为,具有上述规格的最佳组合物可从式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ中称为最佳的化合物中得出。
混合物中化合物即式Ⅰ所示芳香胺(类)与式Ⅱ所示酚(类)或 包含至少一种式Ⅱ所示酚的酚类的重量比以4-5∶1为佳,以4.5∶1为最佳。
在本发明的组合物中,在式Ⅰ所示化合物中取代基R2在较佳的实施方案中是苯基、萘基或被一个或多个具有总数1-18个碳原子的烷基基团取代的苯基,R2最佳的是苯基或被一个或多个具有总数为4-8个碳原子的烷基基团取代的苯基。
在本发明的组合物中,在式Ⅰ的化合物中最佳取代基R1是-H。
作为较佳组合物中式Ⅰ所示化合物,R8是H、具有1-18个碳原子的烷基或具有7-9个碳原子的芳烷基,化合物中R3是H或具有4-8个碳原子的烷基是更佳的。在最佳实施方案中,R3在对(或4)位上。较佳的组合物是其中在式Ⅰ的化合物中R3′是H或具有4-8个碳原子的烷基。在最佳实施方案中R3′是在邻(或2)位上。
本发明的组合物可包含几种式Ⅰ所示芳香胺类,较佳的混合物包含
a)二苯胺
b)4-叔-丁基二苯胺
c)ⅰ)4-叔-辛基二苯胺
c)ⅱ)4,4′-二-叔-丁基二苯胺
c)ⅲ)2,4,4′-三-叔-丁基二苯胺
d)ⅰ)4-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺
d)ⅱ)O,O′、m,m′-或p,p′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺
d)ⅲ)2,4-二-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺
e)ⅰ)4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺
e)ⅱ)2,4-二-叔-辛基-4′-叔-丁基二苯胺
至于混合物中较佳的芳香胺类用量:二苯胺a)不大于5%(重量),4-叔-丁基二苯胺b)为8-15%(重量),选自组c)的化合物为24-32%(重量),选自组d)的化合物为23-34%(重量),以及选自组e)的化合物为21-34%(重量),混合物中各组分用量总和为100%。
本发明的组合物除了包含至少一种选自芳香胺类的式Ⅰ所示化合物之外,还包含至少一种选自酚类的式Ⅱ所示化合物。
至于式Ⅱ的较佳化合物,其中式Ⅱ中的A是CqH2q-Sx-Y,q是0或1,x是1或2,Y是具有4-18个碳原子的烷基、苯基、C2-C8烷基取代的苯基或
Figure 891038574_IMG34
,R6是C1-C18烷基,A最佳是CH2-S-Y,其中Y是C8-C12烷基或
Figure 891038574_IMG35
,R6是C8-C13烷基尤其是异-C8至异-C13烷基。
在式Ⅱ的最佳化合物中,A是 ,其中d是2或3,R7
Figure 891038574_IMG37
其中d在每种情况下是2或3,R4和R5如前面所定义,R8和R9各自分别为H、C1-C9烷基或苯基或
Figure 891038574_IMG38
在另一较佳实施方案中,在式Ⅱ的化合物中A是
Figure 891038574_IMG39
其中x是1或2,R4是H或C1-C5烷基,R5是C1-C5烷基,R4和R5在每种情况下最佳是叔丁基。
作为特别好的组合物,其中包含式Ⅱ的化合物,其中R4是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,较佳的是具有4个碳原子的烷基,特别是叔丁基。
相应于较佳实施方案的组合物是其中在式Ⅱ的化合物中R5是具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,更佳地是具有4个碳原子的烷基,特别是叔丁基。
式Ⅱ的最佳化合物还有
Figure 891038574_IMG40
其中R13是i-C8H17至i-C13H27,特别是i-C8H17或i-C13H27
R1、R2及R′作为具有1-18个碳原子的烷基的例子是甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、2-丁基、叔丁基、戊基、异戊基、己基、庚基、3-庚基、辛基、2-乙己基、壬基、癸 基、十一烷基、十二烷基、十三烷基、十四烷基、十五烷基、十六烷基、十七烷基或十八烷基,以及异戊基、2-乙丁基、1-甲戊基、1,3-二甲丁基,1,1,3,3-四甲丁基、1-甲己基、异庚基、1-甲庚基、1,1,3-三甲己基、1-甲基十一烷基、等等具有1-24个碳原子的烷基还包括,例如二十烷基、二十一烷基和二十二烷基。R2、R4和R5作为具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基可以是环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、环壬基、环癸基、环十一烷基或环十二烷基,此外C5-C12环烷基可以是未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代,例如是2-或4-甲基环己基、二甲基环己基三甲基环己基或叔丁基环己基。
如果R2是取代苯基,那么苯基可被,例如,C1-C8烷氧基或一个或多个具有总数达24个碳原子的烷基取代。
C1-C18烷氧基的例子是甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基戊氧基、己氧基、2-乙基己氧基或辛氧基。
C7-C9芳烷基的例子是苄基和α-甲基苄基。
被具有1-24个碳原子的烷基取代的苯基的例子是2-、3-或4-甲基苯基、2-、3-或4-乙基苯基、2-、3-或4-丙基苯基、2-、3-或4-丁基苯基、2-、3-或4-叔-丁基苯基、2-、3-或4-辛基苯基、2-、3-或4-叔-辛基苯基、2,4-二-叔-丁基苯基或2-,4-二-叔-辛基苯基。
被C1-C11烷基取代的苄基的例子是2-、3-或4-甲基苄基、乙基苄基、丙基苄基、正丁基苄基、叔丁基苄基、正辛基苄基3,5-二-叔-辛基苄基或2,4-二-叔-丁基苄基或2,4-二-叔-辛基苄基。
R3作为C7-C9芳烷基的例子是苄基或甲基苄基。
R4、R5和R6可以是具有1-24个碳原子的烷基。R4和R5还可以是具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基。这种烷基和环烷基的恰当的例子已在前面给出。
Y或R10、R11或R12作为C1-C18烷基的例子可在上文中找到。
R6作为具有8-13个碳原子的烷基可在前面所给的例子中找到:异构化合物的例子是2-乙己基、1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基、1-甲基庚基、1,1,3-三甲基己基和1-甲基十一烷基。R8和R9作为烷基和环烷基的例子也可以根据碳链的长度在上文中找到。
最佳的组合物包括芳香胺类与酚的混合物,胺类的总量为100%(重量),其中二苯胺a)不大于5%(重量),4-叔-丁基二苯胺是8-15%(重量),选自4-叔-辛基二苯胺、4,4′-二-叔-丁基二苯胺、2,4,4′-三-叔-丁基二苯胺的胺类是224-32%(重量),选自4-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺、O,O′-、m,m′-或p,p′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺、2,4-二-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺的胺类是23-34%(重量),以及占21-34%(重量)的2,4-二-叔-辛基-4′-叔-丁基二苯胺和/或4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺,酚如下式所示
Figure 891038574_IMG41
胺类与酚的重量比为4-5∶1,最佳是4.5∶1。
另一个最佳组合物包括式
所示芳香胺与式
Figure 891038574_IMG43
所示酚的混合物,胺与酚的重量比为4-5∶1,最佳是4.5∶1
再一个最佳组合物包括4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺与式
Figure 891038574_IMG44
和/或
所示一种或两种酚类的混合物,胺与总酚量的重量比为4-5∶1, 最佳为4.5∶1。
再一个最佳组合物包括芳香胺类与酚的混合物,胺类的总量为100%(重量),其中二苯胺不大于5%(重量),4-叔-丁基二苯胺是8-15%(重量),选自4-叔-辛基二苯胺、4,4′-二-叔-丁基二苯胺、2,4,4′-三-叔-丁基二苯胺的胺类是24-32%(重量),选自4-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺、O,O′-、m,m′-或p,p′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺,2,4-二-叔-丁基-4′-辛基二苯胺的胺类是23-34%(重量),以及2,4-二-叔-辛基-4′-叔-丁基二苯胺和/或4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺是21-34%,酚如下式所示
Figure 891038574_IMG46
胺与酚的重量比为4-5∶1,最佳为4.5∶1。
再一个最佳组合物包括含有4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺的混合物以及由
30%(重量)
Figure 891038574_IMG47
30%(重量)
Figure 891038574_IMG48
和40%(重量)
组成的酚类的混合物,胺与酚类的重量比为4-5∶1,最佳为4.5∶1。
本发明使用的一组二苯胺,可以用,例如在EP-A    0,149,422中公开的方法,使二苯胺与二异丁烯在活化了的氧化铝催化剂存在下反应来制备。
酚类是已知的,可以用,例如DE-A    2,364,121或DE-A    2,364,126的方法制备。
这些后面谈到的方法的特点是:酚与甲基丙烯酸酯和单羟基或二羟基醇或硫酯或一胺或二胺或硫醚在碱性催化剂存在下反应。
本发明的混合物可包含胺或酚,而且该混合物也可能包含一种或多种胺类和一种或多种酚类。
胺类和酚类首先混合,例如以规定的比例。然后,该混合物与润滑油成品混合,例如根据润滑油成品,其量为0.01-10%(重量),较佳地是0.1-5%(重量),以及最佳地是0.2-2%(重量)。
酚类和胺类可分别依次地与润滑油混合,重要的是要遵守规定的混合和浓度比例。
矿物油或部分合成油或完全合成油可用作润滑油。这种油及有关产品在,例如Schewe-Kobek,“Das    Schmiermittel- Tashenbuch”〔“润滑剂手册”〕,Huthig    Verlag    Heidelberg,第4版,1974,或Dieter    Klamann,“Schmierstoffe    und    artverwandte    Produkte”〔“润滑剂及有关产品”〕,Verlag    Chemie,Weinheim1982中已描述。
润滑油可以基于,例如矿物油。矿物油特别基于碳氢化合物。
合成润滑剂的例子包括基于脂族或芳香族羧酸酯类、聚酯类、聚亚烃基氧化物类、磷酸酯类、聚α-烯烃类或聚硅氧烷类、二元酸与单羧基醇的双酯、例如癸二酸二辛酯或己二酸二壬酯、三羟甲基丙烷与一元酸或这些酸的混合物的三酯、例如三羟甲基丙烷三壬酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三辛酸酯或其混合物、季戊四醇与一元酸或这些酸的混合物的四酯、例如季戊四醇四辛酸酯、或一元酸或二元酸与多羟基醇的混合酯、例如三羟甲基丙烷与辛酸和癸二酸或其混合物的混合酯的润滑剂。除了矿物油、聚α-烯烃类之外,基于,例如酯类、磷酸盐(酯)类、乙二醇类、聚乙二醇类和聚亚烃基二醇类的润滑剂是特别合适的。
前面描述的酚类和胺类的混合物能够降低或消除黑色淤渣的形成、油的热老化及由NOX引发的氧化。
本发明还涉及一种阻止或减少火花点火内燃机润滑油中黑色淤渣的生成,使黑色淤渣颗粒在润滑油中保持悬浮,以及减少黑色淤渣在火花点火内燃机润滑系统中沉积物生成量的方法,其中润滑系统是靠前面描述的不含亚磷酯盐(酯)的润滑油组合物运行的。
最后,本发明还涉及前面描述的酚类和胺类的混合物在润滑油中作为抗氧化剂的用途。
从而,较佳的和最佳的润滑油组合物可以从上面的描述中,更详细地说是从对式Ⅰ和式Ⅱ的化合物的描述中,以及从其最佳化合物和彼此的最佳混合物中得出。
根据本发明,润滑油组合物包括式Ⅱ所示酚类或者包含至少一种式Ⅱ所示酚的酚类。酚类,其中至少有一种具有式Ⅱ所示结构,是两种或多种酚类,其中至少有一种相应于式Ⅱ,的混合物;一种或多种其它酚类的例子可以在下面的表中找到,例如标题1。“烷基化一元酚类”下和/或标题7。“β-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)-丙酸酯类”所列举的种类。
润滑剂还可以包含其它添加剂,以便进一步改进其基本性质。这些添加剂是抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、防锈剂、粘度指数改进剂、倾点下降剂,分散剂、洗涤剂、增稠剂、生物杀伤剂、防沫剂、反乳化剂和乳化剂以及高压和抗磨添加剂。
酚类抗氧化剂的例子
1.烷基化一元酚类
2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚
2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚
2-叔-丁基-4,6-二-甲基苯酚
2,2-二-叔-丁基-4-乙基苯酚
2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-正-丁基苯酚
2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-异-丁基苯酚
2,6-二-环戊基-4-甲基苯酚
2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚
2,6-二-十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚
2,4,6-三-环己基苯酚
2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚
邻-叔-丁基苯酚
2.烷基化对苯二酚类
2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚
2,5-二-叔-丁基对苯二酚
2,5-二-叔-戊基对苯二酚
2,6-二-苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚
3.羟基化硫代二苯醚类
2,2′-硫代-二-(6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚)
2,2′-硫代-二-(4-辛基苯酚)
4.亚烷基双酚类
2,2′-亚甲基-二(6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯酚)
2,2′-亚甲基-二(6-叔-丁基-4-乙基苯酚)
2,2′-亚甲基-二〔4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚〕
2,2′-亚甲基-二-(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)
2,2′-亚甲基-二(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)
2,2′-亚甲基-二(4,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚)
2,2′-亚己基-二(4,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚)
2,2′-亚乙基-二(6-叔-丁基-4-异丁基苯酚或-5-异丁基苯酚)
2,2′-亚甲基-二〔6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕
2,2′-亚甲基-二〔6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚〕
4,4′-亚甲基-二(2,6-二-叔-丁基苯酚)
4,4′-亚甲基-二(6-叔-丁基-2-甲基苯酚)
1,1-二(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷
2,6-二(3-叔-丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚
1,1,3-三(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正-十二烷基巯基丁烷
1,2-亚乙基二醇二〔3,3-二(3′-叔-丁基-4′-羟基苯基)丁酸酯〕
二(3-叔-丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苯基)二聚环戊二烯
二〔2-(3′-叔-丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔-丁基-4-甲基苯基〕对苯二甲酸酯
5.苄基化合物类
1,3,5-三(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苄基)-2,4,6-三甲苯
二(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚
二(4-叔-丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二-甲基苄基)二硫醇对苯二甲酸酯
1,3,5-三-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯
1,3,5-三-(4-叔-丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二-甲基苄基)异氰脲酸酯
双十八烷基3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯
单乙基3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸钙盐
6.酰氨基酚类
4-羟基月桂酰苯胺
4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺
2,4-二-辛基巯基-6-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-均-三嗪
辛基N-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)氨基甲酸酯
7.β-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸与单羟基或多羟基醇的酯类,例如与
甲醇
十八烷醇
1,6-己二醇
新戊二醇
二甘醇
三甘醇
三-羟乙基异氰脲酸酯
二-羟基乙基乙二酸二酰胺
8.β-(5-叔-丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与单羟基或多羟基醇的酯类,例如与
甲醇
十八烷醇
1,6-己二醇
新戊二醇
二甘醇
三甘醇
季庚四酶
三-羟乙基异氰脲酸酯
二-羟乙基乙二酸二酰胺
9.β-(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酰胺类例如
N,N′-二(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)亚己基二胺
N,N′-二(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)亚丙基二胺
N,N′-二(3,5-二-叔-丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼
氨型抗氧化剂的例子:
N,N′-二-异丙基-对-苯二胺
N,N′-二-仲-丁基-对-苯二胺
N,N′-二(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对-苯二胺
N,N′-二-(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对-苯二胺
N,N′-二(1-甲基庚基)-对-苯二胺
N,N′-二-环己基-对-苯二胺
N,N′-二(2-萘基)-对-苯二胺
4-(对-甲苯磺酰氨基)二苯胺
N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二-仲-丁基-对-苯二胺
4-正-丁氨基苯酚
4-丁酰氨基苯酚
4-壬酰氨基苯酚
4-十二酰氨基苯酚
4-十八酰氨基苯酚
2,6-二-叔-丁基-4-二甲氨基甲基苯酚
2,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷
4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷
N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷
1,2-二〔(2-甲苯基)氨基〕乙烷
1,2-二(苯氨基)丙烷
(邻-甲苯基)双胍
二〔4-(1′,3′-二甲基丙基)苯基〕胺
2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪
吩噻嗪
N-烯丙基吩噻嗪
其它抗氧化剂的例子:
硫代双丙酸或硫代双乙酸酯类,或二硫代脲酸或二硫代磷酸的盐类。
金属减活化剂的例子,例如对铜来说:
三唑类、苯并三唑类及其衍生物、甲苯三唑类及其衍生物、2-巯基苯并噻唑、2-巯基苯并三唑、2,5-二-巯基苯并三唑、2,5-二巯基苯并噻二唑、5,5′-亚甲基双苯并三唑、4,56,7-四氢苯并三唑、亚水杨基-1,2-亚丙基二胺,水杨基氨基胍和它们的盐。
防锈剂的例子
a有机酸类和酯类、金属盐及其酐,例如:N-油酰肌氨酸、山梨醇-油酸酯、环烷酸铅、烯基丁二酸酐、例如十二烯基丁二酸酐、烯基丁二酸半酯和半酰胺类、以及4-壬基苯氧基乙酸。
b)含氮化合物类,例如:
Ⅰ、脂族或脂环族的伯胺、仲胺或叔胺以及有机和无机酸的胺盐,例如油溶性烷基羧酸铵。
Ⅱ.杂环化合物类,例如:
取代的咪唑啉类和噁唑啉类。
c)含磷化合物类,例如:
磷酸的偏酯或膦酸的偏酯的胺盐类、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌。
d)含硫化合物类,例如:
二壬萘磺酸钡类、石油磺酸钙类。
粘度指数改进剂的例子:
聚丙烯酸酯类、聚甲基丙烯酸酯类、乙烯吡咯烷酮/异丁烯酸(酯)共聚物类、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮类、聚丁烯类、烯烃共聚物类、苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯共聚物类、聚醚类。
倾点下降剂的例子:
聚甲基丙烯酸酯、烷基化萘衍生物类。
分散剂/表面活性剂的例子:
聚丁烯琥珀酰胺类或琥珀酰亚胺类、聚丁烯膦酸衍生物类、镁、钙和钡的碱式磺酸盐类和酚盐类。
抗磨添加剂的例子:
含有硫和/或磷和/或卤素化合物,例如硫化植物油类、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌类、磷酸三甲酚酯、氯化石腊类、烷基硫化物类、芳基二硫化物类和芳基三硫化物类、三苯基偶磷硫代硫酸酯类、二乙醇氨基甲基甲苯基三唑、二(2-乙基己基)氨基甲基甲苯基三唑。
除非另有说明,百分数或份数均以重量计算。
实施例1
把各种酚类和胺类加入到Aral基油(RL136,市场上可 得到的黑色淤渣废油(fail    oil)),此外还含有1%癸烯。对制得的各种组合物进行各种测试。
在下面的实施例中,各代号的意义如下:
胺(A)
如下的混合物:
二苯胺    3%
4-叔-丁基二苯胺    14%
Figure 891038574_IMG50
4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺    18%
2,4-二-叔-辛基-4′-叔-丁
基二苯胺    6%
胺(B)
4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺
酚(P)
Figure 891038574_IMG51
酚(S)
酚(T)
酚(U)
如下的混合物:
30%(重量)
Figure 891038574_IMG54
30%(重量)
和40%(重量)
Figure 891038574_IMG56
酚(V)
Figure 891038574_IMG57
酚(W)
Figure 891038574_IMG58
酚(X)
Figure 891038574_IMG59
配方(1)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(A)和0.10%(重量)酚(P)
配方(2)
基油含0.90%(重量)胺(A)和0.20%(重量)酚(P)
配方(3)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(B)和0.10%(重量)酚(S)
配方(4)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(B)和0.10%(重量)酚(P)
配方(5)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(A)和0.10%(重量)酚(T)
配方(6)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(A)和0.10%(重量)酚(U)
配方(7)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(A)和0.10%(重量)酚(V)
配方(8)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(A)和0.10%(重量)酚(W)
配方(9)
基油含0.45%(重量)胺(A)和0.10%(重量)酚(X)
实施例2:
配方的热老化在差示扫描量热计(DSC)中进行。
步骤在下述规则下进行:DSC槽(DuPont热分析系统1090)由银加热装置组成。把带有热电偶(镍铬-镍铝)的康铜法码放入该加热装置中。样品舟和参比舟放在热电偶略微向上的地方。DSC槽的内部被金的薄膜覆盖(防腐)。参比舟不放样品,而把三滴所研究的配方加入样品舟中。样品舟和参比舟之间的温差在等温条件下测定。在每种情况下焓的变化dH/dt以毫瓦(mW)给出。所有的测量均在空气+400ppmNO2中在8巴压力下进行。Aral RL136,一种市场上可得到的黑色淤渣参比油,用作 为基油。在该油中加入1%1-癸烯以增强它对氧化的敏感度。
在热老化过程中,加入的添加剂的浓度连续下降。热对流dQ/dt在一临界添加剂浓度时增加。这种增加过程所经过的时间称为诱导期(开始反应)。表1中给出了配方的DSC特征。
表1:诱导期的测定
测试条件    配方(基油+添加剂)    诱导期〔DSC〕
%(重量)    〔分钟〕
空气+400ppm    无添加剂    43.7
NO28巴,
170℃
″    配方1:
0.45%胺(A)    84.7
0.10%酚(P)
″    配方2:
0.90%胺(A)    121
0.20%酚(P)
″    配方3:
0.45%胺(B)    ~72
0.10%酚(S)
表1(续)
测试条件    配方(基油+添加剂)    诱导期(DSC)
%(重量)    (分钟)
空气+400ppm    配方4:
NO28巴, 0.45%胺(B) 78
170℃    0.10%酚(P)
″    配方5:
0.45%胺(A)    91
0.10%酚(T)
″    配方6:
0.45%胺(B)    78
0.10%酚(U)
″    配方7:
0.45%胺(A)    74
0.10%酚(V)
配方8:
″    0.45%胺(A)    83
0.10%酚(W)
配方9:
″    0.45%胺(A)    93
0.10%酚(W)
实施例3
油的热老化用另一个单独的方法测量。如在实施例2中所述,配方在DSC压力槽(DuPont770)中在空气+400ppmNO2压力8巴的条件下进行老化。在120℃-150℃温度范围老化的样品用红外(IR)光谱学分析。因此,对同一薄膜厚度进行光谱数据校准,氧化状态的特征是,测得两个峰1730cm-1和1630cm-1〔1730-1:六元环内酯,1630cm-1:硝酸酯〕。
油的老化产生了很多氧化产品。很可能是这些化合物的吸收谱带在IR光谱上互相重叠。
为实用起见,对上述两个能可靠地分辩最大吸收的谱带进行了计算。
衰减这些吸收谱带以便测量减弱了的氧化作用。
Figure 891038574_IMG60

Claims (22)

1、一种不含亚磷酸盐(酯)的润滑油组合物,它包括
a)一种矿物油或一种合成油或其混合物,和
b)一种混合物,其含量为组份α的0.01~10%(重量),含有至少一种下式的芳香胺,
Figure 891038574_IMG2
其中R1是H、具有1-18个碳原子的烷基、烯丙基、甲代烯丙基、苄基或C1-C11烷基取代的苄基,R2是具有1-18个碳原子的烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、被C1-C4烷基取代的具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、苯基、萘基或被-OH、 、C1-C18烷氧基、C7-C9芳烷基或一个或每个具有总数1-24个碳原子的烷基基团取代的苯基或者是
Figure 891038574_IMG4
其中R1是H或具有1-18个碳原子的烷基,R11和R12彼此任意地是H或具有1-18个碳原子的烷基,R3是H、具有1-24个碳原子的烷基或具有7-9个碳原子的芳烷基,R31是H或具有1-24个碳原子的烷基,以及至少一种下式的酚,
Figure 891038574_IMG5
其中R4是H、具有1-24个碳原子的烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、被C1-C4烷基取代的具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、苯基或-CH2-S-R10,R5是具有1-24个碳原子的烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的环烷基、具有5-12个碳原子的被C1-C4烷基取代的环烷基、苯基或-CH2-S-R10,A是CgH2g-Sx-Y或CdH2d
Figure 891038574_IMG6
,Y是-H、具有1-18个碳原子的烷基、苯基、被C1-C24烷基取代的苯基、苄基、-(CH2)
Figure 891038574_IMG7
或者,如果g是O,是
Figure 891038574_IMG8
其中R4和R5在每种情况下均如前面所定义,b是1或2,d是0、1、2或3,g是0、1、2或3,X是1、2、3或4,R6是C1-C24烷基,R7
Figure 891038574_IMG9
Figure 891038574_IMG10
其中d在每种情况下均是0、1、2或3,t是2、3、4、5或6,R4和R5在每种情况下均如前面所定义,R8和R9彼此任意地是H、具有1-12个碳原子的烷基、苯基或被一个或两个C1-C4烷基基团和/或-OH取代的苯基,或者R8和R9与联接的碳原子共同形成一个C5-C12环烷基基团,R10是C1-C18烷基、苯基或(CH2)
Figure 891038574_IMG11
,b和R6如前面所定义,混合物中化合物即式Ⅰ的芳香胺(类)与式Ⅱ的酚(类)或者含有至少一种式Ⅱ的酚的酚类的重量比为2-6∶1。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其中混合物中化合物即式Ⅰ的芳香胺(类)与式Ⅱ的酚(类)或者含有至少一种式Ⅱ的酚的酚类的重量比为4-5∶1。
3、权利要求1或2的任一组合物,其中式Ⅰ的化合物中R2是苯基、萘基或被一个或多个总共具有1-18个碳原子的烷基基团取代的苯基,较佳的是苯基或被一个或多个总共具有4-8个碳原子的烷基基团取代的苯基。
4、权利要求1的组合物,其中式Ⅰ的化合物中R1是H。
5、权利要求1的组合物,其中式Ⅰ的化合物中R3是H、具有1-18个碳原子的烷基或具有7-9个碳原子的芳烷基,较佳的是H或具有4-8个碳原子的烷基,以及R3在对位上。
6、权利要求1的组合物,其中式Ⅰ的化合物中R8′是H或具有4-8个碳原子的烷基,以及R8′在邻位上。
7、权利要求1的组合物,它包括几种式Ⅰ的芳香胺,混合物包括
a)二苯胺,
b)4-叔丁基二苯胺
c)ⅰ)4-叔-辛基二苯胺
c)ⅱ)4,4′-二-叔-丁基二苯胺
c)ⅲ)2,4,4′-三-叔-丁基二苯胺
d)ⅰ)4-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺
d)ⅱ)0,0′-、m,m′-或p,p′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺
d)ⅲ)2,4-二-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺
e)ⅰ)4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺
e)ⅱ)2,4-二-叔-辛基-4′-叔-丁基二苯胺
在每种情况下根据胺类的总量,混合物中芳香胺类的较佳量为:二苯胺a)不大于5%(重量),4-叔-丁基二苯胺b)8-15%(重量),选自组c)的化合物24-32%(重量),选自组d)的化合物23-34%(重量),以及选自组e)的化合物21-34%(重量)。
8、权利要求1的组合物,其中式Ⅱ的化合物中A是CgH2g-SX-Y,g是0或1,X是1或2,以及Y是具有4-18个碳原子的烷基、苯基、被C2-C8烷基取代的苯基或 OR6,R6是C1-C18烷基。
9、权利要求8的组合物,其中式Ⅱ的化合物中A是
Figure 891038574_IMG13
以及X是1或2,R4是H或C1-C5烷基,以及R5是C1-C5烷基。
10、权利要求1的组合物,其中式Ⅱ的化合物中A是
Figure 891038574_IMG14
,d是2或3,以及R2
Figure 891038574_IMG15
其中d在每种情况下是2或3,R4和R5如权利要求1所定义,R8和R9彼此任意地是H、C1-C9烷基或苯基或
11、权利要求1的组合物,其中式Ⅱ中R4是氢或具有1-4个碳原子的烷基。
12、权利要求1的组合物,其中式Ⅱ中R5是具有1-4个碳原子的烷基,而最好地是叔丁基。
13、权利要求1的组合物,它包括
Figure 891038574_IMG18
作为式Ⅱ的化合物,R13是i-C8C17至i-C13C27
14、权利要求1的组合物,它包括芳香胺类与酚的混合物,在每种情况下根据胺类的总量,混合物中胺类的量为:二苯胺不大于5%(重量),4-叔-丁基二苯胺8-15%(重量),选自4-叔-辛基二苯胺、4,4′-二-叔-丁基二苯胺、2,4,4′-三-叔-丁基二苯胺这一组的胺类24-32%(重量),选自4-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺、O,O′-、m,m′-或p,p′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺、2,4-二-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺这一组的胺类23-34%(重量),以及2,4-二-叔-辛基-4′-叔-丁基二苯胺和/或4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺21-34%(重量),酚如下式所示
Figure 891038574_IMG19
胺与酚的重量比为4-5∶1。
15、权利要求1的组合物,它包括式
Figure 891038574_IMG20
的芳香胺与式
Figure 891038574_IMG21
的酚的混合物,胺与酚的重量比为4-5∶1。
16、权利要求1的组合物,它包括4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺与式
Figure 891038574_IMG22
的酚类的一种或两种的混合物,胺与总酚量的重量比为4-5∶1。
17、权利要求1的组合物,它包括芳香胺类与酚的混合物,在每种情况下根据胺类的总量,其中二苯胺不大于5%(重量),4-叔-丁基二苯胺8-15%(重量),选自4-叔-辛基二苯胺、4,4′-二-叔-丁基二苯胺、2,4,4′-三-叔-丁基二苯胺这一组的胺类24-32%(重量),选自4-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺、O,O′-、m,m′-或p,p′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺、2,4-二-叔-丁基-4′-叔-辛基二苯胺这一组的胺类23-34%(重量),以及2,4-二-叔-辛基-4′-叔-丁基二苯胺和/或4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺21-34%(重量),酚如下式所示
Figure 891038574_IMG23
胺与酚的重量比为4-5∶1。
18、权利要求1的组合物,它包括含有4,4′-二-叔-辛基二苯胺的混合物以及由
Figure 891038574_IMG24
组成的酚类的混合物,胺与酚类的重量比为4-5∶1。
19、权利要求1的组合物,其中润滑油用作为火花点火的内燃机的油。
20、权利要求1的组合物,具有API分类SF、SG、CD和/或CE,CRC规范1-G1或1-G2或CCMC规范G1、G2、G3、D1、D2、D3和/或PD1。
21、一种阻止或减少在火花点火的内燃机的润滑油中黑色淤渣的形成,使黑色淤渣颗粒在润滑油中保持悬浮,以及减少黑色淤渣在火花点火的内燃机润滑系统中沉积的方法,其中润滑系统是靠如权利要求1所示的不含亚磷酸盐(酯)的润滑油组合物运行的。
22、一种把包含至少一种如权利要求1的式Ⅰ的芳香胺和至少一种如权利要求1式Ⅱ的酚的混合物加入到润滑油中,以便提高润滑油的抗氧化性的方法。
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