EP0406826B1 - Schmierstoffzusammensetzung - Google Patents

Schmierstoffzusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0406826B1
EP0406826B1 EP90112762A EP90112762A EP0406826B1 EP 0406826 B1 EP0406826 B1 EP 0406826B1 EP 90112762 A EP90112762 A EP 90112762A EP 90112762 A EP90112762 A EP 90112762A EP 0406826 B1 EP0406826 B1 EP 0406826B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
formula
hydrogen
group
c18alkyl
phenyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90112762A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0406826A1 (de
Inventor
Samuel Dr. Evans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Schweiz AG
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Ciba Geigy AG
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to lubricant compositions that are stabilized against oxidative degradation. Stabilization is achieved by adding at least two specific additives.
  • Organic antioxidants for lubricants are primarily organic sulfur and phosphorus compounds, but also aromatic amines and phenols, especially sterically hindered phenols (see, for example, Ullmanns Encyklopadie der Technische Chemie, 4th edition, Verlag Chemie, Volume 20 (1981); page 541- 43).
  • Sterically hindered amines have also been proposed as stabilizers for lubricating oils, e.g. in US-A-4 069 199 or JP-A-85/28496.
  • EP-A-356 677 proposes mixtures of aromatic amines and sterically hindered amines as antioxidants for lubricants, it also being possible to add phenolic antioxidants to these mixtures.
  • US-A-4 836 943 describes mixtures of antioxidants containing hindered phenols and pipecoline derivatives.
  • the weight ratio of (B) to (C) is preferably 1: 1 to 1: 100, in particular 1: 3 to 1:20.
  • the sum of (B) and (C) is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 3% by weight, of (A).
  • a and B as C1-C24 alkyl can be linear or branched alkyl, e.g. Methyl, ethyl, i-propyl, t-butyl, s-butyl, s-pentyl, t-pentyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, t-hexyl, i-heptyl, n-octyl, t-octyl, s- Decyl, s-dodecyl, n-dodecyl, s-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-octadecyl, s-octadecyl or n-eikosyl.
  • a and B as cycloalkyl can e.g. Cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl or cyclooctyl, especially cyclohexyl.
  • a and B as phenylalkyl can e.g. Be benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl.
  • R5 and R6 as C1-C12 alkyl can be, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl or dodecyl.
  • R1, R2, R3 and R8 as C1-C18 alkyl can also be, for example, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl.
  • R4 as C1-C24 alkyl can also be, for example, eikosyl or tetraeikosyl.
  • the index a is preferably 0, 1 or 2, in particular 0 or 1; b is preferably 0, 1 or 2, in particular 1 or 2; q is preferably 1 or 2, in particular 1.
  • Component (A) is a mineral or synthetic base oil, as is common for the preparation of lubricants.
  • Synthetic oils can e.g. Esters of polycarboxylic acids or of polyols, they can be aliphatic polyesters or poly- ⁇ -olefins, silicones, phosphoric acid esters or polyalkylene glycols.
  • the lubricant can also be a grease based on an oil and a thickener. Such lubricants are e.g. described in D. Klamann "Lubricants and related products", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982.
  • Component (B) is a compound which contains at least one group of the formula II where R is hydrogen or methyl.
  • R is preferably hydrogen.
  • These are derivatives of polyalkylpiperidines, in particular 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. These compounds preferably bear one or two polar substituents or a polar spiro ring system in the 4-position of the piperidine ring. These compounds can be low molecular weight or oligomeric or polymeric compounds.
  • n is a number from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2
  • R is hydrogen or methyl
  • R11 is hydrogen, oxyl, hydroxyl, C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C8 alkenyl, C3-C8-alkynyl, C7-C12-aralkyl , C1-C18 alkoxy, C5-C8-cycloalkoxy, C7-C9-phenylalkoxy, C1-C8-alkanoyl, C3-C5-alkenoyl, C1-C18-alkanoyloxy, benzyloxy, glycidyl or a group -CH2CH (OH) -Z , wherein Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, where R11 is preferably H, C1-C4-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, acetyl or acryloyl and R12, when n is 1, is hydrogen, C
  • substituents are C1-C12-alkyl, they represent e.g. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n- Dodecyl.
  • R11 or R12 can e.g. represent the groups listed above and, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
  • R11 is C3-C8-alkenyl, it can e.g. 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 2-octenyl, 4-tert. Act butyl-2-butenyl.
  • R11 is preferably as C3-C8 alkynyl propargyl.
  • R11 is especially phenethyl and especially benzyl.
  • R11 is as C1-C8 alkanoyl, for example formyl, propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, but preferably acetyl and as C3-C5-alkenoyl in particular acryloyl.
  • R12 is a monovalent radical of a carboxylic acid, it is, for example, acetic, caproic, stearic, acrylic, methacrylic, benzoic or ⁇ - (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) - propionic acid residue.
  • R 12 is a divalent radical of a dicarboxylic acid, it represents, for example, malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic, sebacic, maleic, itaconic, phthalic, dibutylmalonic, dibenzylmalonic, butyl (3 , 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -malonic acid or bicycloheptenedicarboxylic acid residue.
  • R 12 represents a trivalent carboxylic acid residue, it means, for example, a trimellitic acid, citric acid or nitrilotriacetic acid residue.
  • R 12 represents a tetravalent radical of a tetracarboxylic acid, it means e.g. the tetravalent residue of butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid or of pyromellitic acid.
  • R12 is a divalent radical of a dicarbamic acid, it represents, for example, a hexamethylene dicarbamic acid or a 2,4-tolylene dicarbamic acid radical.
  • Preferred compounds of the formula III are those in which R is hydrogen, R11 is hydrogen or methyl, n is 1 and R12 is C1-C18 alkyl or n is 2 and R12 is the diacyl radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 4-12 C atoms.
  • R13 is hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, C2-C5-hydroxyalkyl, C5-C7-cycloalkyl, C7-C8-aralkyl, C2-C18 -Alkanoyl, C3-C5-alkenoyl, benzoyl or a group of the formula is and R14 when n is 1, hydrogen, C1-C18-alkyl, C3-C8-alkenyl, C5-C7-cycloalkyl, C1-C4-alkyl, glycidyl substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamide group, one Group of the formula -CH2-CH (OH) -Z or the formula -CONH-Z, wherein Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl; when n is 2, C2-C12 alkylene, C6-C12
  • any substituents are C5-C7-cycloalkyl, they represent in particular cyclohexyl.
  • R13 is especially phenylethyl or especially benzyl.
  • R13 is in particular 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-hydroxypropyl.
  • R13 is as C2-C18 alkanoyl, for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, but preferably acetyl and as C3-C5-alkenoyl, in particular acryloyl.
  • R14 is C2-C8 alkenyl, then it is e.g. allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl or 2-octenyl.
  • R14 as a C1-C4-alkyl substituted with a hydroxy, cyano, alkoxycarbonyl or carbamide group can be, for example, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-cyanoethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-aminocarbonylpropyl or 2- (dimethylaminocarbonyl) - be ethyl.
  • substituents are C2-C12 alkylene, they are e.g. around ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.
  • substituents are C6-C15 arylene, they represent e.g. o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.
  • D is especially cyclohexylene.
  • n is the number 1 or 2
  • R and R11 have the meaning given under a) and R15, if n is 1, C2-C8-alkylene or hydroxyalkylene or C4-C22-acyloxyalkylene, if n is 2, the group ( -CH2) 2C means (CH2-) 2.
  • R15 means C2-C8-alkylene or hydroxyalkylene, it represents, for example, ethylene, 1-methyl-ethylene, propylene, 2-ethyl-propylene or 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylene.
  • R15 means e.g. 2-ethyl-2-acetoxymethylpropylene.
  • R16 is hydrogen, C1-C12-alkyl, allyl, benzyl, glycidyl or C2-C6-alkoxyalkyl and R17, if n is 1, is hydrogen , C1-C12-alkyl, C3-C5-alkenyl, C7-C9-aralkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl, C2-C4-hydroxyalkyl, C2-C6-alkoxyalkyl, C6-C10-aryl, glycidyl or a group of the formula - ( CH2) p -COO-Q or of the formula - (CH2) p -O-CO-Q, where p is 1 or 2 and Q is C1-C4 alkyl or phenyl, if n is 2, C2-C12 alkylene, C4- C
  • substituents are C1-C12-alkyl, they represent e.g. Methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethyl-hexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl or n- Dodecyl.
  • C1-C18 alkyl can e.g. represent the groups listed above and, for example, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl.
  • substituents are C2-C6-alkoxyalkyl, they represent e.g. Methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, tert-butoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, n-butoxyethyl, tert-butoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl or propoxypropyl.
  • R17 represents C3-C5-alkenyl, it means for example 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl or 2-pentenyl.
  • T1 and T2 are especially phenethyl or especially benzyl. If T1 and T2 form a cycloalkane ring together with the C atom, this can e.g. be a cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclooctane or cyclododecane ring.
  • R17 is C2-C4-hydroxyalkyl, it is e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.
  • R17, T1 and T2 mean in particular phenyl, ⁇ - or ⁇ -naphthyl, which are optionally substituted by halogen or C1-C4-alkyl.
  • R17 is C2-C12 alkylene, it is e.g. around ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.
  • R17 means in particular 2-butenylene, 2-pentenylene or 3-hexenylene.
  • R17 is C6-C12 arylene, it represents, for example, o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.
  • Z 'means C2-C12 alkanoyl, for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, but preferably acetyl.
  • D as C2-C10 alkylene, C6-C15 arylene or C6-C12 cycloalkylene has the meaning given under b).
  • n is the number 1 or 2 and R18 is a group of the formula means in which R and R11 have the meaning given under a)
  • E is -O- or -NR21-
  • A is C2-C6-alkylene or - (CH2) 3-O- and x is the number 0 or 1
  • R19 is the same R18 or one of the groups -NR21R22, -OR23, -NHCH2OR23 or -N (CH2OR23) 2,
  • substituents are C1-C12-alkyl, they are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl , n-decyl, n-undecyl or n-dodecyl.
  • substituents are C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, they represent e.g. 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.
  • R21 and R22 together represent C4-C5-alkylene or -oxaalkylene, this means e.g. Tetramethylene, pentamethylene or 3-oxapentamethylene.
  • polyalkylpiperidine compounds of this class are the compounds of the following formulas:
  • oligomers or polymeric compounds whose recurring structural unit contains a 2,2,6,6-tetraalkylpiperidine radical of the formula (I), in particular polyesters, polyethers, polyamides, polyamines, polyurethanes, polyureas, polyaminotriazines, poly (meth) acrylates, poly ( meth) acrylamides and their copolymers which contain such radicals.
  • 2,2,6,6-polyalkylpiperidine light stabilizers of this class are the compounds of the following formulas, where m is a number from 2 to about 200.
  • R is hydrogen or methyl and R 11 is hydrogen or methyl.
  • the polyalkylpiperidines are known compounds and are used as light stabilizers for organic materials. Some of them are commercially available.
  • Component (C) is a phenolic antioxidant.
  • Preferred (C) is a compound of formula I, wherein A is hydrogen, C1-C8-alkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl or a group means B is C1-C8-alkyl, cyclohexyl or phenyl, X C1-C8-alkyl or one of the groups -C a H 2a -S-R2, -C b H 2b -COOR3, -CH2N (R10) (R11) or means R2 is C1-C12-alkyl, phenyl or a group - (CH2) c -COOR4, R3 C1-C18 alkyl or a group is wherein Q is C2-C6-alkylene, -CH2CH2SCH2CH2- or -CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) d -, R4 is C1-C18 alkyl, R10 and R11 are independently C1-
  • a class which is particularly suitable as component (C) are the compounds of the formula I in which A and B independently of one another are C1-C4alkyl, X is a group -C a H 2a -S q -R2, a is 0 or 1, q is 1 or 2, R2 is C4-C18-alkyl, phenyl or -CH2-CO-OR und and R4 is C1-C18-alkyl, in particular the compounds of the formula I, in which A and B independently of one another are C1-C4-alkyl , X is -CH2-S-R2, R2 is C8-C12-alkyl or -CH2-CO-OR4 and R4 is C8-C18-alkyl.
  • Particularly preferred in this class are compounds of the formula I in which A and B are tert-butyl and X is -CH2SCH2COO (C8-C13-alkyl).
  • component (C) Another class particularly suitable as component (C) are the compounds of the formula I in which A and B independently of one another are C1-C4alkyl, X is a group -C b H 2b -CO-OR3, b is 1 or 2 and R3 is one of the groups or means especially the compounds of formula I, wherein X is a group - (CH2) 2-CO-OR3 and R3 is a group means.
  • component (C) Another class particularly suitable as component (C) are the methylene bisphenols of the formula or wherein A, B and X are independently C1-C4 alkyl.
  • Mixtures of polyphenols such as are obtained by reacting at least one dialkylated phenol of the formula, are also particularly suitable as component (C) with at least one monoalkylated phenol of the formula and formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde is obtained, where C, D and E independently of one another are C1-C4-alkyl.
  • the resulting mixtures mainly contain diphenols and triphenols.
  • Examples of compounds of the formula I are: Tridecyl 4- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) -3-thiabutyrate 3-thia-1,5-pentadiol-di [3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)] propionate Di (3-thiapentadecyl) di (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) malonate Octadecyl 4- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) -3-thiabutyrate 4- (2-thiapropyl) -2,6-di-tert-butylphenol Octadecyl 3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionate 3-thiapentadecyl-3- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionate Di (4-hydroxy-3,
  • butylphenol 4,4'-methylene-bis [2-tert. butyl-4- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl) phenol] 4-dimethylaminomethyl-2,6-di-tert. butylphenol 4-dibutylamino-methyl-2-methyl-6-tert. butylphenol N-Di (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl) octylamine
  • compositions are those in which (B) is a compound of formula IX or X, wherein n is 1 or 2, R11 is hydrogen or methyl and Y, when n is 1, means -O (C8-C15-alkyl), and when n is 2, a group -NH- (CH2) 6-NH- or Means -O-CO- (CH2) m -CO-O-, wherein m is 2-8, and (C) is a compound of formula I wherein A is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or a group means B is C1-C4-alkyl, x C1-C4-alkyl or one of the groups -CH2-S-R2, -CH2CH2COOR3, -CH2N (R10) (R11) or means R2 is C1-C18 alkyl or - (CH2) 2-COOR4, R3 C1-C18 alkyl or means R4 is C1-C18 alkyl and R10 and R11 are
  • Components (B) and (C) can be added directly to the base oil or first (B) and (C) are dissolved in a small amount of base oil, optionally with heating, and the solution is mixed with the remaining amount of the oil.
  • a concentrated solution of (B) and (C) in a solvent can also be added to the oil.
  • the lubricant composition may additionally contain other additives such as e.g. Phosphorus III esters, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants and / or wear protection additives.
  • additives e.g. Phosphorus III esters, metal deactivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants and / or wear protection additives.
  • Examples of phosphorus III esters are: Triphenyl phosphite, decyl diphenyl phosphite, phenyl didecyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris- (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodhritol bisdi 4-di-tert.butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) -4,4'-biphenylene diphosphonite, bis- (2,6-di-tert .butyl-4-methyl
  • metal deactivators for example for copper
  • Triazoles Triazoles, benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts.
  • viscosity index improvers are: Polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.
  • pour point depressants are: Polymethacrylate, alkylated naphthalene derivatives.
  • dispersants / surfactants are: Polybutenylsuccinic acid amides or imides, polybutenylphosphonic acid derivatives, basic magnesium, calcium and barium sulfonates and phenolates.
  • wear protection additives are: Compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or halogen, such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and tri-sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethyltylylolyl) aminol.
  • sulfurized vegetable oils such as sulfurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di- and tri-sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethyltylylolyl) aminol.
  • the lubricant can also contain solid lubricants, e.g. Graphite or molybdenum sulfide.
  • the oxidation behavior of lubricating oils stabilized according to the invention is tested according to the TOST method (turbine oxidation stability test) in accordance with ASTM D-943.
  • a mineral oil Mobil STOCK 305
  • Reocor® 12 a corrosion inhibitor
  • the total amount of stabilizers is 0.25%, based on the oil.
  • the composition of the stabilizer mixture is varied. The results are shown in Table 1.
  • the total concentration is 0.25%, based on the oil.
  • the oxidation resistance of the oils stabilized according to the invention is measured in a differential scanning calorimeter.
  • a base oil with 0.025% iron (III) acetylacetonate (as an oxidation catalyst) and 0.55% of a stabilizer is mixed in an aluminum dish and isothermally heated to 160 ° C under 10 bar oxygen in the calorimeter.
  • the time until the start of the exothermic reaction T B (induction time) and the time until the end of the exothermic reaction T E are measured. The longer the induction time, the higher the resistance to oxidation.
  • the phenolic antioxidants P-1 and P-2 are used as stabilizers as well as: P-3: reaction product of 160 g of 2,6-di-tert. butylphenol, 40 g 2-tert. butylphenol, 5.8 g KOH, 50 ml ethanol and 24 g paraformaldehyde at 80 ° C, containing as main components
  • the sterically hindered amine is used
  • the oxidation resistance is tested as in Example 6 in a differential scanning calorimeter, with the difference that instead of oxygen under 8 bar of air, which is mixed with 380 ppm (NO) x , is measured and that the isothermal temperature is 170 ° C. . Only the beginning of the exotherm is measured.

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Description

  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen, die gegen oxidativen Abbau stabilisiert sind. Die Stabilisierung erfolgt durch Zusatz von mindestens zwei spezifischen Zusatzstoffen.
  • Es ist bekannt und üblich, zu Schmierstoffen auf Basis von Mineralölen oder synthetischen Oelen Zusatzstoffe zur Verbesserung ihrer Gebrauchseigenschaften zuzusetzen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind Zusatzstoffe gegen oxidativen Abbau der Schmierstoffe, sogenannte Antioxidantien. Der oxidative Abbau von Schmierstoffen spielt vor allem bei Motorenölen eine grosse Rolle, da im Verbrennungsraum der Motoren hohe Temperaturen herrschen und neben Sauerstoff Stickoxide (NOx) vorhanden sind, welche als Oxidationskatalysatoren wirken.
  • Als Antioxidantien für Schmierstoffe werden vor allem organische Schwefel- und Phosphorverbindungen verwendet, aber auch aromatische Amine und Phenole, insbesondere sterisch gehinderte Phenole (siehe z.B. Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4. Auflage, Verlag Chemie, Band 20 (1981); Seite 541-43).
  • Es wurden auch schon sterisch gehinderte Amine als Stabilisatoren für Schmieröle vorgeschlagen, z.B. in der US-A-4 069 199 oder der JP-A-85/28496.
  • In der EP-A-356 677 wurden Gemische von aromatischen Aminen und sterisch gehinderten Aminen als Antioxidantien für Schmierstoffe vorgeschlagen, wobei diesen Gemischen auch phenolische Antioxidantien zugesetzt werden können.
  • Die US-A-4 836 943 beschreibt Antioxidantiengemische, die sterisch gehinderte Phenole und Pipecolinderivate enthalten.
  • Es wurde gefunden, dass sich Kombinationen von phenolischen Antioxidantien mit sterisch gehinderten Aminen auch ohne Zusatz von aromatischen Aminen hervorragend zur Stabilisierung von Schmierstoffen eignen.
  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, enthaltend
    • (A) ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Oel oder ein Gemisch solcher Oele,
    • (B) mindestens ein sterisch gehindertes Amin und
    • (C) mindestens ein Phenol der Formel I,
      Figure imgb0001
      worin A Wasserstoff, C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂-S-R¹ oder
      Figure imgb0002
      bedeutet,
      B C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂-S-R¹ bedeutet,
      X Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder eine der Gruppen -CaH2a-Sq-R², -CbH2b-CO-OR³, -CbH2b-CO-N(R⁵)(R⁶), -CH₂N(R¹⁰)(R¹¹) oder
      Figure imgb0003
      bedeutet,
      R¹ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -(CH₂)c-CO-OR⁴ oder -CH₂CH₂OR⁹ bedeutet,
      R² Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Phenyl, Benzyl, oder eine Gruppe
      Figure imgb0004
      oder -(CH₂)c-CO-OR⁴ oder -CH₂CH₂OR⁹ bedeutet,
      R³ C₁-C₅₀-Alkyl, oder eine der Gruppen
      Figure imgb0005
      Figure imgb0006
      oder
      Figure imgb0007
      bedeutet, worin Q C₂-C₈-Alkylen, C₄-C₆-Thiaalkylen oder eine Gruppe -CH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)d- ist,
      R⁴ C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl bedeutet,
      R⁵ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder Cyclohexyl bedeutet,
      R⁶ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, durch C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder eine der Gruppen
      Figure imgb0008
      Figure imgb0009
      Figure imgb0010
      bedeutet,
      oder R⁵ und R⁶ zusammen C₄-C₈-Alkylen, das durch -O- oder -NH- unterbrochen sein kann, bedeuten,
      R⁷ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₄-Alkyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
      R⁸ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl bedeutet,
      R⁹ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, Phenyl, C₂-C₁₈-Alkanoyl oder Benzoyl bedeutet,
      R¹⁰ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, durch C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder eine Gruppe
      Figure imgb0011
      bedeutet,
      R¹¹ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, oder eine Gruppe
      Figure imgb0012
      bedeutet oder
      R¹⁰ und R¹¹ zusammen C₄-C₈-Alkylen, das durch -O- oder -NH- unterbrochen sein kann, bedeuten
      a 0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist,
      b 0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist,
      c 1 oder 2 ist,
      d 1 bis 5 ist,
      f 2 bis 8 ist und
      q 1, 2, 3 oder 4 ist,
      oder als Komponente (C) ein Gemisch von Polyphenolen, das durch Reaktion von mindestens einem Phenol der Formel
      Figure imgb0013
      mit mindestens einem Phenol der Formel
      Figure imgb0014
      und mit Formaldehyd bzw. Paraformaldehyd entsteht, wobei C, D und E unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl oder Phenyl bedeuten, wobei die Zusammensetzung kein aromatisches Amin enthält.
  • In dieser Zusammensetzung beträgt das Gewichtsverhältnis von (B) zu (C) vorzugsweise 1:1 bis 1:100, insbesondere 1:3 bis 1:20. Die Summe von (B) und (C) beträgt vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,1 bis 3 Gew.-%, von (A).
  • A und B als C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl können lineares oder verzweigtes Alkyl sein, wie z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, i-Propyl, t-Butyl, s-Butyl, s-Pentyl, t-Pentyl, n-Hexyl, i-Hexyl, t-Hexyl, i-Heptyl, n-Octyl, t-Octyl, s-Decyl, s-Dodecyl, n-Dodecyl, s-Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl, n-Octadecyl, s-Octadecyl oder n-Eikosyl.
  • A und B als Cycloalkyl können z.B. Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl oder Cyclooctyl sein, insbesondere Cyclohexyl. A und B als Phenylalkyl können z.B. Benzyl, Phenylethyl, Phenylpropyl oder α,α-Dimethylbenzyl sein.
  • R⁵ und R⁶ als C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl können z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Butyl, Pentyl, Hexyl, Octyl, Decyl oder Dodecyl sein. R¹, R², R³ und R⁸ als C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl können darüber hinaus auch z.B. Tetradecyl, Hexadecyl oder Octadecyl sind. R⁴ als C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl kann darüber hinaus auch z.B. Eikosyl oder Tetraeikosyl sein.
  • Der Index a ist bevorzugt 0, 1 oder 2, insbesondere 0 oder 1; b ist bevorzugt 0, 1 oder 2, insbesondere 1 oder 2; q ist bevorzugt 1 oder 2, insbesondere 1.
  • Die Komponente (A) ist ein mineralisches oder synthetische Basisöl, wie es zur Bereitung von Schmierstoffen üblich ist. Synthetische Oele können z.B. Ester von Polycarbonsäuren oder von Polyolen sein, sie können aliphatische Polyester sein oder Poly-α-olefine, Silicone, Phosphorsäureester oder Polyalkylenglykole. Der Schmierstoff kann auch ein Fett auf Basis eines Oeles und eines Verdickungsmittels sein. Solche Schmierstoffe sind z.B. in D. Klamann "Schmierstoffe und artverwandte Produkte", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982, beschrieben.
  • Die Komponente (B) ist eine Verbindung, die mindestens eine Gruppe der Formel II enthält,
    Figure imgb0015

    worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl bedeutet. Bevorzugt ist R Wasserstoff. Es handelt sich dabei um Derivate von Polyalkylpiperidinen, insbesondere von 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin. Bevorzugt tragen diese Verbindungen in 4-Stellung des Piperidinringes einen oder zwei polare Substituenten oder ein polares Spiro-Ringsystem. Es kann sich bei diesen Verbindungen um niedermolekulare oder oligomere oder polymere Verbindungen handeln.
  • Von Bedeutung sind insbesondere die folgenden Klassen von Polyalkylpiperidinen.
  • a) Verbindungen der Formel III,
    Figure imgb0016

    worin n eine Zahl von 1 bis 4, vorzugsweise 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R Wasserstoff oder Methyl bedeutet, R¹¹ Wasserstoff, Oxyl, Hydroxyl, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, C₃-C₈ Alkenyl, C₃-C₈-Alkinyl, C₇-C₁₂-Aralkyl, C₁-C₁₈-Alkoxy, C₅-C₈-Cycloalkoxy, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkoxy, C₁-C₈-Alkanoyl, C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl, C₁-C₁₈-Alkanoyloxy, Benzyloxy, Glycidyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂CH(OH)-Z, worin Z Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Phenyl ist, bedeutet, wobei R¹¹ vorzugsweise H, C₁-C₄-Alkyl, Allyl, Benzyl, Acetyl oder Acryloyl ist und R¹², wenn n 1 ist, Wasserstoff, gegebenenfalls durch ein oder mehrere Sauerstoffatome unterbrochenes C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyanethyl, Benzyl, Glycidyl, einen einwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, araliphatischen, ungesättigten oder aromatischen Carbonsäure, Carbaminsäure oder Phosphor enthaltenden Säure oder einen einwertigen Silylrest, vorzugsweise einen Rest einer aliphatischen Carbonsäure mit 2 bis 18 C-Atomen, einer cycloaliphatischen Carbonsäure mit 7 bis 15 C-Atomen, einer α,β-ungesättigten Carbonsäure mit 3 bis 5 C-Atomen oder einer aromatischen Carbonsäure mit 7 bis 15 C-Atomen bedeutet, wenn n 2 ist, C₁-C₁₂-Alkylen, C₄-C₁₂-Alkenylen, Xylylen, einen zweiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen, araliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäure, Dicarbaminsäure oder Phosphor enthaltenden Säure oder einen zweiwertigen Silylrest, vorzugsweise einen Rest einer aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 2 bis 36 C-Atomen, einer cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 8 - 14 C-Atomen oder einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbaminsäure mit 8 - 14 C-Atomen bedeutet, wenn n 3 ist, einen dreiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Tricarbonsäure, einer aromatischen Tricarbaminsäure oder einer Phosphor enthaltenden Säure oder einen dreiwertigen Silylrest bedeutet und wenn n 4 ist, einen vierwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Tetracarbonsäure bedeutet.
  • Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethyl-hexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.
  • In der Bedeutung von C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl kann R¹¹ oder R¹² z.B. die oben angeführten Gruppen und dazu noch beispielsweise n-Tridecyl, n-Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl oder n-Octadecyl darstellen.
  • Wenn R¹¹ C₃-C₈-Alkenyl bedeutet, so kann es sich z.B. um 1-Propenyl, Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl, 2-Pentenyl, 2-Hexenyl, 2-Octenyl, 4-tert. Butyl-2-butenyl handeln.
  • R¹¹ ist als C₃-C₈-Alkinyl bevorzugt Propargyl.
  • Als C₇-C₁₂-Aralkyl ist R¹¹ insbesondere Phenethyl und vor allem Benzyl.
  • R¹¹ ist als C₁-C₈-Alkanoyl beispielsweise Formyl, Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl und als C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl insbesondere Acryloyl.
  • Bedeutet R¹² einen einwertigen Rest einer Carbonsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Essigsäure-, Capronsäure-, Stearinsäure-, Acrylsäure-, Methacrylsäure-, Benzoe- oder β-(3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäurerest dar.
  • Bedeutet R¹² einen zweiwertigen Rest einer Dicarbonsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Malonsäure-, Bernsteinsäure-, Glutarsäure-, Adipinsäure-, Korksäure-, Sebacinsäure-, Maleinsäure-, Itaconsäure-, Phthalsäure-, Dibutylmalonsäure-, Dibenzylmalonsäure-, Butyl-(3,5-di-tert. Butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonsäure- oder Bicycloheptendicarbonsäurerest dar.
  • Stellt R¹² einen dreiwertigen Rest einer Tricarbonsäure dar, so bedeutet es z.B. einen Trimellitsäure-, Citronensäure- oder Nitrilotriessigsäurerest.
  • Stellt R¹² einen vierwertigen Rest einer Tetracarbonsäure dar, so bedeutet es z.B. den vierwertigen Rest von Butan-1,2,3,4-tetracarbonsäure oder von Pyromellitsäure.
  • Bedeutet R¹² einen zweiwertigen Rest einer Dicarbaminsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Hexamethylendicarbaminsäure- oder einen 2,4-Toluylen-dicarbaminsäurerest dar.
  • Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel III, worin R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, n 1 ist und R¹² C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl ist oder n 2 ist und R¹² der Diacylrest einer aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 4-12 C-Atomen ist.
  • Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:
    • 1) 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 2) 1-Allyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 3) 1-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 4) 1-(4-tert.-Butyl-2-butenyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 5) 4-Stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 6) 1-Ethyl-4-salicyloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 7) 4-Methacryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
    • 8) 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl-β-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionat
    • 9) Di-(1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-maleinat
    • 10) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succinat
    • 11) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-glutarat
    • 12) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-adipat
    • 13) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
    • 14) Di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
    • 15) Di-(1,2,3,6-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
    • 16) Di-(1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phthalat
    • 17) 1-Hydroxy-4-β-cyanoethyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 18) 1-Acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-acetat
    • 19) Trimellithsäure-tri-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
    • 20) 1-Acryloyl-4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 21) Diethylmalonsäure-di(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
    • 22) Dibutyl-malonsäure-di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
    • 23) Butyl-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonsäure-di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
    • 24) Di-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
    • 25) Di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
    • 26) Hexan-1',6'-bis-(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin)
    • 27) Toluol-2',4'-bis-(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin)
    • 28) Dimethyl-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)-silan
    • 29) Phenyl-tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)-silan
    • 30) Tris-(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phosphit
    • 31) Tris-(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)phosphat
    • 32) Phenyl-[bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)]-phosphonat
    • 33) 4-Hydroxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
    • 34) 4-Hydroxy-N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 35) 4-Hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 36) 1-Glycidyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
  • b) Verbindungen der Formel IV,
    Figure imgb0017

    worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben, R¹³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, C₂-C₅-Hydroxyalkyl, C₅-C₇-Cycloalkyl, C₇-C₈-Aralkyl, C₂-C₁₈-Alkanoyl, C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl, Benzoyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
    Figure imgb0018
    ist und R¹⁴ wenn n 1 ist, Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, C₃-C₈-Alkenyl, C₅-C₇-Cycloalkyl, mit einer Hydroxy-, Cyano-, Alkoxycarbonyl- oder Carbamidgruppe substituiertes C₁-C₄-Alkyl, Glycidyl, eine Gruppe der Formel -CH₂-CH(OH)-Z oder der Formel -CONH-Z ist, worin Z Wasserstoff, Methyl oder Phenyl bedeutet; wenn n 2 ist, C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen, C₆-C₁₂-Arylen, Xylylen, eine -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-Gruppe oder eine Gruppe -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-O-D-O- bedeutet, worin D C₂-C₁₀-Alkylen, C₆-C₁₅-Arylen, C₆-C₁₂-Cycloalkylen ist, oder vorausgesetzt, dass R¹³ nicht Alkanoyl, Alkenoyl oder Benzoyl bedeutet, R¹⁴ auch einen zweiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen Dicarbonsäure oder Dicarbaminsäure oder auch die Gruppe -CO- bedeuten kann, oder R¹³ und R¹⁴ zusammen, wenn n 1 ist, den zweiwertigen Rest einer aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen oder aromatischen 1,2- oder 1,3-Dicarbonsäure bedeuten können.
  • Stellen etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂- oder C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl dar, so haben sie die bereits unter a) angegebene Bedeutung.
  • Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₅-C₇-Cycloalkyl, so stellen sie insbesondere Cyclohexyl dar.
  • Als C₇-C₈-Aralkyl ist R¹³ insbesondere Phenylethyl oder vor allem Benzyl. Als C₂-C₅-Hydroxyalkyl ist R¹³ insbesondere 2-Hydroxyethyl oder 2-Hydroxypropyl.
  • R¹³ ist als C₂-C₁₈-Alkanoyl beispielsweise Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, Dodecanoyl, Hexadecanoyl, Octadecanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl und als C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl insbesondere Acryloyl.
  • Bedeutet R¹⁴ C₂-C₈-Alkenyl, dann handelt es sich z.B. um Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl, 2-Pentenyl, 2-Hexenyl oder 2-Octenyl.
  • R¹⁴ als mit einer Hydroxy-, Cyano-, Alkoxycarbonyl- oder Carbamidgruppe substituiertes C₁-C₄-Alkyl kann z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Cyanethyl, Methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-Ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-Aminocarbonylpropyl oder 2-(Dimethylaminocarbonyl)-ethyl sein.
  • Stellen etwaige Substituenten C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen dar, so handelt es sich z.B. um Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen, Hexamethylen, Octamethylen, Decamethylen oder Dodecamethylen.
  • Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₆-C₁₅-Arylen, so stellen sie z.B. o-, m- oder p-Phenylen, 1,4-Naphthylen oder 4,4'-Diphenylen dar.
  • Als C₆-C₁₂-Cycloalkylen ist D insbesondere Cyclohexylen.
  • Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel IV, worin n 1 oder 2 ist, R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, R¹³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
    Figure imgb0019

    ist und R¹⁴ im Fall von n=1 Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl ist, und im Fall von n=2 C₂-C₈-Alkylen ist.
  • Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:
    • 37) N,N'-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylen-1,6-diamin
    • 38) N,N'-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylen-1,6-diacetamid
    • 39) Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-amin
    • 40) 4-Benzoylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 41) N,N'-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-dibutyl-adipamid
    • 42) N,N'-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2-hydroxypropylen-1,3-diamin
    • 43) N,N'-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-p-xylylen-diamin
    • 44) N,N'-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succindiamid
    • 45) N-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-β-aminodipropionsäure-di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
    • 46) Die Verbindung der Formel
      Figure imgb0020
    • 47) 4-(Bis-2-hydroxyethyl-amino)-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
    • 48) 4-(3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert.butyl-benzoesäureamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
    • 49) 4-Methacrylamido-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
  • c) Verbindungen der Formel V,
    Figure imgb0021

    worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben und R¹⁵, wenn n 1 ist, C₂-C₈-Alkylen oder -Hydroxyalkylen oder C₄-C₂₂-Acyloxyalkylen, wenn n 2 ist, die Gruppe (-CH₂)₂C(CH₂-)₂ bedeutet.
  • Bedeutet R¹⁵ C₂-C₈-Alkylen oder -Hydroxyalkylen, so stellt es beispielsweise Ethylen, 1-Methyl-ethylen, Propylen, 2-Ethyl-propylen oder 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylen dar.
  • Als C₄-C₂₂-Acyloxyalkylen bedeutet R¹⁵ z.B. 2-Ethyl-2-acetoxymethylpropylen.
  • Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:
    • 50) 9-Aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
    • 51) 9-Aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
    • 52) 8-Aza-2,7,7,8,9,9-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan
    • 53) 9-Aza-3-hydroxymethyl-3-ethyl-8,8,9,10,10-pentamethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
    • 54) 9-Aza-3-ethyl-3-acetoxymethyl-9-acetyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
    • 55) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-spiro-2'-(1',3'-dioxan)-5'-spiro-5''-(1'',3''-dioxan)-2''-spiro-4‴-(2‴,2‴,6‴,6#3PR#-tetramethylpiperidin).
  • d) Verbindungen der Formeln VIA, VIB und VIC
    Figure imgb0022
    Figure imgb0023
    Figure imgb0024

    worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 bedeutet, R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben, R¹⁶ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Allyl, Benzyl, Glycidyl oder C₂-C₆-Alkoxyalkyl ist und R¹⁷, wenn n 1 ist, Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, C₃-C₅-Alkenyl, C₇-C₉-Aralkyl, C₅-C₇ Cycloalkyl, C₂-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl, C₂-C₆-Alkoxyalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-Aryl, Glycidyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel -(CH₂)p-COO-Q oder der Formel -(CH₂)p-O-CO-Q ist, worin p 1 oder 2 und Q C₁-C₄ Alkyl oder Phenyl sind, wenn n 2 ist, C₂-C₁₂ Alkylen, C₄-C₁₂-Alkenylen, C₆-C₁₂ Arylen, eine Gruppe -CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-O-D-O-CH₂-CH(OH)-CH₂-, worin D C₂-C₁₀ Alkylen, C₆-C₁₅-Arylen, C₆-C₁₂ Cycloalkylen ist, oder eine Gruppe -CH₂CH(OZ')CH₂-(OCH₂-CH(OZ')CH₂)₂- bedeutet, worin Z' Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Allyl, Benzyl, C₂-C₁₂-Alkanoyl oder Benzoyl ist, T₁ und T₂ unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder gegebenenfalls durch Halogen oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiertes C₆-C₁₀-Aryl oder C₇-C₉-Aralkyl bedeuten oder T₁ und T₂ zusammen mit dem sie bindenden C-Atom einen C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkanring bilden.
  • Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethyl-hexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.
  • Etwaige Substituenten in der Bedeutung von C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl können z.B. die oben angeführten Gruppen und dazu noch beispielsweise n-Tridecyl, n-Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl oder n-Octadecyl darstellen.
  • Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₂-C₆-Alkoxyalkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methoxymethyl, Ethoxymethyl, Propoxymethyl, tert.-Butoxymethyl, Ethoxyethyl, Ethoxypropyl, n-Butoxyethyl, tert.-Butoxyethyl, Isopropoxyethyl oder Propoxypropyl dar.
  • Stellt R¹⁷ C₃-C₅-Alkenyl dar, so bedeutet es z.B. 1-Propenyl, Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl oder 2-Pentenyl.
  • Als C₇-C₉-Aralkyl sind R¹⁷, T₁ und T₂ insbesondere Phenethyl oder vor allem Benzyl. Bilden T₁ und T₂ zusammen mit dem C-Atom einen Cycloalkanring, so kann dies z.B. ein Cyclopentan-, Cyclohexan-, Cyclooctanoder Cyclododecanring sein.
  • Bedeutet R¹⁷ C₂-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl, so stellt es z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Hydroxybutyl oder 4-Hydroxybutyl dar.
  • Als C₆-C₁₀-Aryl bedeuten R¹⁷, T₁ und T₂ insbesondere Phenyl, α- oder β-Naphthyl, die gegebenenfalls mit Halogen oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiert sind.
  • Stellt R¹⁷ C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen dar, so handelt es sich z.B. um Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen, Hexamethylen, Octamethylen, Decamethylen oder Dodecamethylen.
  • Als C₄-C₁₂-Alkenylen bedeutet R¹⁷ insbesondere 2-Butenylen, 2-Pentenylen oder 3-Hexenylen.
  • Bedeutet R¹⁷ C₆-C₁₂ Arylen, so stellt es beispielsweise o-, m- oder p-Phenylen, 1,4-Naphthylen oder 4,4'-Diphenylen dar.
  • Bedeutet Z' C₂-C₁₂ Alkanoyl, so stellt es beispielsweise Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, Dodecanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl dar.
  • D hat als C₂-C₁₀ Alkylen, C₆-C₁₅ Arylen oder C₆-C₁₂ Cycloalkylen die unter b) angegebene Bedeutung.
  • Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:
    • 56) 3-Benzyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
    • 57) 3-n-Octyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
    • 58) 3-Allyl-1,3,8-triaza-1,7,7,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
    • 59) 3-Glycidyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,8,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
    • 60) 1,3,7,7,8,9,9-Heptamethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
    • 61) 2-Iso-propyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro-[4.5]decan
    • 62) 2,2-Dibutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4.5]-decan
    • 63) 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diaza-21-oxo-dispiro[5.1.11.2]heneicosan
    • 64) 2-Butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-4,8-diaza-3-oxo-spiro[4,5]decan
    • 65) 8-Acetyl-3-dodecyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4,5]-decan-2,4-dion

    oder die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln:
    Figure imgb0025
  • e) Verbindungen der Formel VII,
    Figure imgb0026

    worin n die Zahl 1 oder 2 ist und R¹⁸ eine Gruppe der Formel
    Figure imgb0027

    bedeutet, worin R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben, E -O- oder -NR²¹- ist, A C₂-C₆-Alkylen oder -(CH₂)₃-O- und x die Zahlen 0 oder 1 bedeuten, R¹⁹ gleich R¹⁸ oder eine der Gruppen -NR²¹R²², -OR²³, -NHCH₂OR²³ oder -N(CH₂OR²³)₂ ist, R²⁰, wenn n = 1 ist, gleich R¹⁸ oder R¹⁹, und wenn n = 2 ist, eine Gruppe -E-B-E- ist, worin B gegebenenfalls durch -N(R²¹)- unterbrochenes C₂-C₆-Alkylen bedeutet, R¹¹ C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Benzyl oder C₁-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
    Figure imgb0028

    ist, R²² C₁-C₁₂ Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Benzyl, C₁-C₄ Hydroxyalkyl und R²³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂ Alkyl oder Phenyl bedeuten oder R²¹ und R²² zusammen C₄-C₅-Alkylen oder -Oxaalkylen, beispielsweise
    Figure imgb0029

    oder eine Gruppe der Formel
    Figure imgb0030

    sind oder auch R²¹ und R²² jeweils eine Gruppe der Formel
    Figure imgb0031

    bedeuten.
  • Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.
  • Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl, so stellen sie z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 3-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Hydroxybutyl oder 4-Hydroxybutyl dar.
  • Bedeutet A C₂-C₆ Alkylen, so stellt es beispielsweise Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen oder Hexamethylen dar.
  • Stellen R²¹ und R²² zusammen C₄-C₅-Alkylen oder -Oxaalkylen dar, so bedeutet dies z.B. Tetramethylen, Pentamethylen oder 3-Oxapentamethylen.
  • Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln:
    Figure imgb0032
    Figure imgb0033
    Figure imgb0034
    Figure imgb0035
    Figure imgb0036
    Figure imgb0037
    Figure imgb0038
    Figure imgb0039
    Figure imgb0040
    Figure imgb0041
  • f) Oligomere oder polymere Verbindungen, deren wiederkehrende Struktureinheit einen 2,2,6,6-Tetraalkylpiperidinrest der Formel (I) enthält, insbesondere Polyester, Polyäther, Polyamide, Polyamine, Polyurethane, Polyharnstoffe, Polyaminotriazine, Poly(meth)acrylate, Poly(meth)acrylamide und deren Copolymere, die solche Reste enthalten.
  • Beispiele für 2,2,6,6-Polyalkylpiperidin-Lichtschutzmittel dieser Klasse sind die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln, wobei m eine Zahl von 2 bis etwa 200 bedeutet.
    Figure imgb0042
    Figure imgb0043
    Figure imgb0044
    Figure imgb0045
    Figure imgb0046
    Figure imgb0047
    Figure imgb0048
    Figure imgb0049
    Figure imgb0050
    Figure imgb0051
    Figure imgb0052
    Figure imgb0053
    Figure imgb0054
    Figure imgb0055
  • g) Verbindungen der Formel VIII,
    Figure imgb0056
    worin R und R¹¹ die unter a) angegebene Bedeutung haben.
  • Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel VIII, worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist und R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist.
  • Beispiele für solche Verbindungen sind:
    • 95) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidon (Triacetonamin)
    • 96) 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-piperidon
    • 97) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidon-1-oxyl
    • 98) 2,3,6-Trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidon
  • Die Polyalkylpiperidine sind bekannte Verbindungen und werden als Lichtschutzmittel für organische Materialien benützt. Einige von ihnen sind im Handel erhältlich.
  • Die Komponente (C) ist ein phenolisches Antioxidans. Bevorzugt ist (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I, worin A Wasserstoff, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0057

    bedeutet,
    B C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
    X C₁-C₈-Alkyl oder eine der Gruppen -CaH2a-S-R², -CbH2b-COOR³, -CH₂N(R¹⁰)(R¹¹) oder
    Figure imgb0058

    bedeutet,
    R² C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -(CH₂)c-COOR⁴ bedeutet,
    R³ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0059

    ist,
    worin Q C₂-C₆-Alkylen, -CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₂- oder -CH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)d- bedeutet,
    R⁴ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl bedeutet,
    R¹⁰ und R¹¹ unabhängig von einander C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl sind oder
    R¹⁰ und R¹¹ zusammen Pentamethylen oder 3-Oxapentamethylen bedeuten, a 1 oder 2 ist, b 1 oder 2 ist, c 1 oder 2 ist und d 1 bis 3 ist, oder (C) ist ein Reaktionsgemisch aus einem Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0060

    mit einem Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0061

    und (Para)Formaldehyd, worin C, D und E unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₈-Alkyl bedeuten.
  • Eine als Komponente (C) besonders geeignete Klasse sind die Verbindungen der Formel I, worin A und B unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten, X eine Gruppe -CaH2a-Sq-R² bedeutet, a 0 oder 1 ist, q 1 oder 2 ist, R² C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl, Phenyl oder -CH₂-CO-OR⁴ bedeutet und R⁴ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl ist, insbesondere die Verbindungen der Formel I, worin A und B unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten, X -CH₂-S-R² ist, R² C₈-C₁₂-Alkyl oder -CH₂-CO-OR⁴ ist und R⁴ C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl bedeutet. Besonders bevorzugt in dieser Klasse sind Verbindungen der Formel I, worin A und B tert.Butyl sind und X -CH₂SCH₂COO(C₈-C₁₃-Alkyl) ist.
  • Eine weitere als Komponente (C) besonders geeignete Klasse sind die Verbindungen der Formel I, worin A und B unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten, X eine Gruppe -CbH2b-CO-OR³ ist,
    b 1 oder 2 ist und R³ eine der Gruppen
    Figure imgb0062
    Figure imgb0063

    oder
    Figure imgb0064

    bedeutet,
    insbesondere die Verbindungen der Formel I, worin X eine Gruppe -(CH₂)₂-CO-OR³ ist und R³ eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0065

    bedeutet.
  • Eine weitere als Komponente (C) besonders geeignete Klasse sind die Methylenbisphenole der Formel
    Figure imgb0066

    oder
    Figure imgb0067

    worin A, B und X unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten.
  • Besonders geeignet als Komponente (C) sind ferner Gemische von Polyphenolen, wie man sie durch Reaktion mindestens eines dialkylierten Phenols der Formel
    Figure imgb0068

    mit mindestens einem monoalkylierten Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0069

    und Formaldehyd oder Paraformaldehyd erhält, wobei C, D und E unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten.
  • Die dabei entstehenden Gemische enthalten vorwiegend Diphenole und Triphenole.
  • Beispiele für Verbindungen der Formel I sind:
    Tridecyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylphenyl)-3-thiabutyrat
    3-Thia-1,5-pentadiol-di[3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylphenyl)]-propionat
    Di(3-thiapentadecyl)-di(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylphenyl)-malonat
    Octadecyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylphenyl)-3-thiabutyrat
    4-(2-Thiapropyl)-2,6-di-tert.butyl-phenol
    Octadecyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylphenyl)-propionat
    3-Thiapentadecyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylphenyl)-propionat
    Di(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert. butylphenyl)-sulfid
    Di(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert. butylphenyl)-disulfid
    2,4-Di(octylthiomethyl)-6-methylphenol
    N-Octadecyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert. butylphenyl)-propionamid
    N,N'-[3-(4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert. butylphenyl)-propionyl]-hexamethylendiamin
    4,4'-Methylen-bis(2,6-di-tert. butylphenol)
    2,2'-Methylen-bis(2-tert. butyl-4-methylphenol)
    2,4-Di(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert. butylbenzyl)-6-tert. butylphenol
    4,4'-Methylen-bis[2-tert. butyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert. butylbenzyl)phenol]
    4-Dimethylaminomethyl-2,6-di-tert. butylphenol
    4-Dibutylamino-methyl-2-methyl-6-tert. butylphenol
    N-Di(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert. butylbenzyl)-octylamin
  • Besonders bevorzugte Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen sind solche, worin
    (B) eine Verbindung der Formel IX oder X ist,
    Figure imgb0070

    worin n 1 oder 2 ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist und Y, wenn n 1 ist, -O(C₈-C₁₅-Alkyl) bedeutet, und wenn n 2 ist, eine Gruppe -NH-(CH₂)₆-NH- oder -O-CO-(CH₂)m-CO-O- bedeutet, worin m 2-8 ist, und
    (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin A Wasserstoff, C₁-C₄-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0071

    bedeutet,
    B C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeutet,
    x C₁-C₄-Alkyl oder eine der Gruppen -CH₂-S-R², -CH₂CH₂COOR³, -CH₂N(R¹⁰)(R¹¹) oder
    Figure imgb0072

    bedeutet,
    R² C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder -(CH₂)₂-COOR⁴ ist,
    R³ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder
    Figure imgb0073

    bedeutet,
    R⁴ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl ist und
    R¹⁰ und R¹¹ C₁-C₆-Alkyl sind, oder (C) ein Reaktionsgemisch aus 2-tert. Butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert. butylphenol und (Para)Formaldehyd ist.
  • Die Komponenten (B) und (C) können direkt dem Basisöl zugegeben werden oder man löst zuerst (B) und (C) in einer kleinen Menge Basisöl, gegebenenfalls unter Erwärmen, und mischt die Lösung mit der restlichen Menge des Oels. Man kann auch eine konzentrierte Lösung von (B) und (C) in einem Lösungsmittel dem Oel zumischen.
  • Der Zusatz von (B) und (C) zum Basisöl bewirkt eine Stabilisierung gegen oxidativen Abbau und bewirkt in Motorenölen eine Verminderung der Schlammbildung.
  • Die Schmiermittelzusammensetzung kann zusätzlich andere Additive enthalten, wie z.B. Phosphor-III-ester, Metalldesaktivatoren, Rostinhibitoren, Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer, Stockpunktserniedriger, Dispergiermittel, Tenside oder/und Verschleiss-schutz-Additive.
  • Beispiele für Phosphor-III-ester sind:
    Triphenylphosphit, Decyl-diphenylphosphit, Phenyl-didecylphosphit, Tris-(nonylphenyl)-phosphit, Trilaurylphosphit, Trioctadecylphosphit, Distearyl-pentaerythritdiphosphit, Tris-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)phosphit, Diisodecylpentaerythrit-diphosphit, Bis-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-pentaerythritdiphosphit , Tristearyl-sorbit-triphosphit, Tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-4,4'-biphenylen-diphosphonit, Bis-(2,6-di-tert.butyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-pentaerythrit-diphosphit.
  • Beispiele für Metall-Desaktivatoren, z.B. für Kupfer, sind:
    Triazole, Benztriazole und deren Derivate, Tolutriazole und deren Derivate, 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol, 2-Mercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenzthiadiazol, 5,5'-Methylenbisbenztriazol, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenztriazol, Salicyliden-propylendiamin, Salicylaminoguanidin und dessen Salze.
  • Beispiele für Rost-Inhibitoren sind:
    • a) Organische Säuren, ihre Ester, Metallsalze und Anhydride, z.B.: N-Oleoyl-sarcosin, Sorbitan-mono-oleat, Blei-naphthenat, Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid, z.B. Dodecenylbernsteinsäure-anhydrid, Alkenylbernsteinsäure-Teilester und -Teilamide, 4-Nonylphenoxyessigsäure.
    • b) Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
      • I. Primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z.B. öllösliche Alkylammoniumcarboxylate.
      • II. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B.:
        Substituierte Imidazoline und Oxazoline.
    • c) Phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
      Aminsalze von Phosphorsäurepartialestern oder Phosphonsäurepartialestern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate.
    • d) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
      Barium-dinonylnaphthalin-sulfonate, Calciumpetroleum-sulfonate.
  • Beispiele für Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer sind:
    Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Vinylpyrrolidon/Methacrylat-Copolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polybutene, Olefin-Copolymere, Styrol/Acrylat-Copolymere, Polyether.
  • Beispiele für Stockpunkterniedriger sind:
    Polymethacrylat, alkylierte Naphthalinderivate.
  • Beispiele für Dispergiermittel/Tenside sind:
    Polybutenylbernsteinsäureamide oder -imide, Polybutenylphosphonsäurederivate, basische Magnesium-, Calcium-, und Bariumsulfonate und -phenolate.
  • Beispiele für Verschleiss-schutz-Additive sind:
    Schwefel und/oder Phosphor und/oder Halogen enthaltende Verbindungen, wie geschwefelte pflanzliche Oele, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate, Tritolyl-phosphat, chlorierte Paraffine, Alkyl- und Aryldi- und tri-sulfide, Triphenylphosphorothionate, Diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazol, Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolyltriazol.
  • Der Schmierstoff kann auch feste Schmierstoffe enthalten, wie z.B. Graphit oder Molybdänsulfid.
  • Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung näher. Darin bedeuten % Gewichts-%.
  • Beispiel 1:
  • Das Oxidationsverhalten von erfindungsgemäss stabilisierten Schmierölen wird nach der TOST-Methode (turbine oxidation stability test) gemäss ASTM D-943 geprüft.
  • Hierzu werden 300 ml eines Mineralöls (Mobil STOCK 305), das 0,05 % eines Korrosionsinhibitors (Reocor® 12) enthält, mit 60 ml Wasser versetzt und in Gegenwart von Eisen- und Kupferdraht unter Durchleiten von Sauerstoff 1000 Stunden auf 95°C erwärmt. Gemessen wird die Bildung von Säuren durch Bestimmung der Neutralisationszahl TAN (mg KOH/g Oel) sowie die gebildete Menge an Schlamm = SLUDGE.
  • Als Stabilisatoren werden verwendet:
    Figure imgb0074
    Figure imgb0075
  • Die Gesamtmenge an Stabilisatoren beträgt 0,25 %, bezogen auf das Oel. Die Zusammensetzung des Stabilisator-Gemisches wird variiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 1 aufgeführt.
    Figure imgb0076
  • Beispiel 2:
  • Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 getestet. Als Stabilisatoren werden verwendet:
    Figure imgb0077
    Figure imgb0078
  • Die Gesamtkonzentration beträgt 0,25 %, bezogen auf das Oel.
    Figure imgb0079
  • Beispiel 3:
  • Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 getestet. Als Stabilisatoren werden verwendet:
    Figure imgb0080
    Figure imgb0081
  • Die Gesamtkonzentration beträgt 0,25 %. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 3 aufgeführt.
    Figure imgb0082
  • Beispiel 4:
  • Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 getestet. Als Stabilisatoren werden verwendet:
    Figure imgb0083
    Figure imgb0084
  • Die Gesamtkonzentration beträgt 0,25 %. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 4 aufgeführt.
    Figure imgb0085
  • Beispiel 5:
  • Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 getestet. Als Stabilisatoren werden verwendet:
    Figure imgb0086
    Figure imgb0087
  • Die Gesamtkonzentration beträgt 0,25 %. Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 5 aufgeführt.
    Figure imgb0088
  • Beispiel 6:
  • Die Oxidationsbeständigkeit der erfindungsgemäss stabilisierten Oele wird in einem Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter gemessen. Dabei wird in einem Al-Schälchen ein Basisöl mit 0,025 % Eisen-III-acetylacetonat (als Oxidationskatalysator) und 0,55 % eines Stabilisators vermischt und im Kalorimeter unter 10 bar Sauerstoff isotherm auf 160°C erwärmt. Gemessen wird die Zeit bis zum Beginn der exothermen Reaktion TB (Induktionszeit) und die Zeit bis zum Ende der exothermen Reaktion TE. Je länger die Induktionszeit ist, desto höher ist die Oxidationsbeständigkeit. Als Stabilisatoren werden die phenolischen Antioxidantien P-1 und P-2 verwendet sowie:
    P-3: Reaktionsprodukt von 160 g 2,6-Di-tert. butylphenol, 40 g 2-Tert. butylphenol, 5,8 g KOH, 50 ml Ethanol und 24 g Paraformaldehyd bei 80°C, enthaltend als Hauptkomponenten
    Figure imgb0089
    Figure imgb0090
    Figure imgb0091
    Figure imgb0092
  • P-5: Gemisch 1:1 von
    Figure imgb0093
  • Als sterisch gehindertes Amin wird verwendet
    Figure imgb0094
  • Die Ergebnisse sind in Tabelle 6 aufgeführt.
    Figure imgb0095
    Figure imgb0096
  • Daran ist zu ersehen, dass bei Verwendung von Stabilisatorgemischen aus 0,10 % der Komponente A und 0,45 % der Komponente B die Oxidationsbeständigkeit des Oeles höher ist als aus den Daten der einzelnen Komponenten zu erwarten wäre.
  • Beispiel 7:
  • Die Oxidationsbeständigkeit wird wie in Beispiel 6 in einem Differential-Scanning-Kalorimeter getestet, mit dem Unterschied, dass statt unter Sauerstoff unter 8 bar Luft, der 380 ppm (NO)x beigemischt sind, gemessen wird und dass die isotherme Temperatur 170°C beträgt. Gemessen wird nur der Beginn der Exotherme.
    Figure imgb0097
    Figure imgb0098

Claims (22)

  1. Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, enthaltend
    (A) ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Oel oder ein Gemisch solcher Oele,
    (B) mindestens ein sterisch gehindertes Amin, das mindestens eine Gruppe der Formel II
    Figure imgb0099
    enthält, wobei R Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, und
    (C) mindestens ein Phenol der Formel I,
    Figure imgb0100
    worin A Wasserstoff, C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂-S-R¹ oder
    Figure imgb0101
    bedeutet,
    B C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, C₅-C₁₂-Cycloalkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂-S-R¹ bedeutet,
    X·Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder eine der Gruppen -CaH2a-Sq-R², -CbH2b-CO-OR³, -CbH2b-CO-N(R⁵)(R⁶), -CH₂N(R¹⁰)(R¹¹) oder
    Figure imgb0102
    bedeutet,
    R¹ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -(CH₂)c-CO-OR⁴ oder -CH₂CH₂OR⁹ bedeutet,
    R² Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Phenyl, Benzyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0103
    oder -(CH₂)c-CO-OR⁴ oder -CH₂CH₂OR⁹ bedeutet,
    R³ C₁-C₅₀-Alkyl oder eine der Gruppen
    Figure imgb0104
    Figure imgb0105
    oder
    Figure imgb0106
    bedeutet, worin Q C₂-C₈-Alkylen, C₄-C₆-Thiaalkylen oder eine Gruppe -CH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)d-ist,
    bedeutet,
    R⁴ C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl bedeutet,
    R⁵ Wasserstoff, C₃-C₁₈-Alkyl oder Cyclohexyl bedeutet,
    R⁶ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, durch C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder eine der Gruppen
    Figure imgb0107
    Figure imgb0108
    Figure imgb0109
    bedeutet,
    oder R⁵ und R⁶ zusammen C₄-C₈-Alkylen, das durch -O- oder -NH- unterbrochen sein kann, bedeuten,
    R⁷ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₄-Alkyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
    R⁸ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl bedeutet,
    R⁹ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, Phenyl, C₂-C₁₈-Alkanoyl oder Benzoyl bedeutet,
    R¹⁰ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, durch C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl substituiertes Phenyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0110
    bedeutet,
    R¹¹ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0111
    bedeutet oder
    R¹⁰ und R¹¹ zusammen C₄-C₈-Alkylen, das durch -O- oder -NH- unterbrochen sein kann, bedeuten
    a 0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist,
    b 0, 1, 2 oder 3 ist,
    c 1 oder 2 ist,
    d 1 bis 5 ist,
    f 2 bis 8 ist und
    q 1, 2, 3 oder 4 ist,
    oder als Komponente (C) ein Gemisch von Polyphenolen, das durch Reaktion von mindestens einem Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0112
    mit mindestens einem Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0113
    und mit Formaldehyd bzw. Paraformaldehyd entsteht, wobei C, D und E unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₂₄-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl oder Phenyl bedeuten, wobei die Zusammensetzung außer den vorgenannten Komponenten B) keine weiteren aromarischen Amine enthält.
  2. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin das Gewichtsverhältnis von (B) zu (C) 1:1 bis 1:100 beträgt.
  3. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin das Gewichtsverhältnis von (B) zu (C) 1:3 bis 1:20 beträgt.
  4. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin die Summe von (B) und (C) 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-% von (A) beträgt.
  5. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (B) eine Verbindung ist, die mindestens eine Gruppe der Formel II enthält, worin R Wasserstoff ist.
  6. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (B) eine Verbindung der Formel III ist,
    Figure imgb0114
    worin R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, n 1 ist und R¹² C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl ist oder n 2 ist und R¹² der Diacylrest einer aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 4-12 C-Atomen ist.
  7. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (B) eine Verbindung der Formel IV ist,
    Figure imgb0115
    worin n 1 oder 2 ist, R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, R¹³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
    Figure imgb0116
    ist und R¹⁴ im Fall von n=1 Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl ist, und im Fall von n=2 C₂-C₈-Alkylen ist.
  8. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (B) eine Verbindung der Formel VIII ist,
    Figure imgb0117
    worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist und R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist.
  9. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin A Wasserstoff, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0118
    bedeutet,
    B C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Cyclohexyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
    X C₁-C₈-Alkyl oder eine der Gruppen -CaH2a-S-R², -CbH2b-COOR³, -CH₂N(R¹⁰)(R¹¹) oder
    Figure imgb0119
    bedeutet,
    R² C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -(CH₂)c-COOR⁴ bedeutet,
    R³ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0120
    ist,
    worin Q C₂-C₆-Alkylen, -CH₂CH₂SCH₂CH₂- oder -CH₂CH₂(OCH₂CH₂)d- bedeutet,
    R⁴ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl bedeutet,
    R¹⁰ und R¹¹ unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl sind oder
    R¹⁰ und R¹¹ zusammen Pentamethylen oder 3-Oxapentamethylen bedeuten,
    a 1 oder 2 ist, b 1 oder 2 ist, c 1 oder 2 ist und
    d 1 bis 3 ist,
    oder worin (C) ein Reaktionsgemisch ist aus einem Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0121
    mit einem Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0122
    und (Para)Formaldehyd, worin C, D und E unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₈-Alkyl bedeuten.
  10. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin A und B unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten, X eine Gruppe -CaH2a-Sq-R² bedeutet, a 0 oder 1 ist, q 1 oder 2 ist, R² C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl, Phenyl oder -CH₂-CO-OR⁴ bedeutet und R⁴ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl ist.
  11. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin A und B unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten, X -CH₂-S-R² ist, R² C₈-C₁₂-Alkyl oder -CH₂-CO-OR⁴ ist und R⁴ C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl bedeutet.
  12. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin A und B unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten, X eine Gruppe -CbH2b-CO-OR³ ist, b 1 oder 2 ist und R³ eine der Gruppen
    Figure imgb0123
    Figure imgb0124
    oder
    Figure imgb0125
    bedeutet.
  13. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin A und B unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl sind, X eine Gruppe -(CH₂)₂-CO-OR³ ist und R³ eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0126
    bedeutet.
  14. Zusammensetzungen gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (C) eine Verbindung der Formel
    Figure imgb0127
    oder
    Figure imgb0128
    ist, worin A, B und X unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten.
  15. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 14, worin A, B und X tert. Butyl sind.
  16. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin (C) ein Gemisch von Polyphenolen ist, das man durch Reaktion mindestens eines dialkylierten Phenols der Formel
    Figure imgb0129
    mit mindestens einem monoalkylierten Phenol der Formel
    Figure imgb0130
    und Formaldehyd oder Paraformaldehyd erhält, wobei C, D und E unabhängig voneinander C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeuten.
  17. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anpsruch 16, worin C, D und E tert. Butyl sind.
  18. Zusammensetzungen gemäss Anspruch 1, worin
    (B) eine Verbindung der Formel IX oder X ist,
    Figure imgb0131
    worin n 1 oder 2 ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist und Y, wenn n 1 ist, -O(C₈-C₁₅-Alkyl) bedeutet, und wenn n 2 ist, eine Gruppe -NH-(CH₂)₆-NH- oder -O-CO-(CH₂)m-CO-O- bedeutet, worin m 2-8 ist, und
    (C) eine Verbindung der Formel I ist, worin A Wasserstoff, C₁-C₄-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe
    Figure imgb0132
    bedeutet,
    B C₁-C₄-Alkyl bedeutet,
    X C₁-C₄-Alkyl oder eine der Gruppen -CH₂-S-R², -CH₂CH₂COOR³, -CH₂N(R¹⁰)(R¹¹) oder
    Figure imgb0133
    bedeutet,
    R² C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder -(CH₂)₂-COOR⁴ ist,
    R³ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder
    Figure imgb0134
    bedeutet,
    R⁴ C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl ist und
    R¹⁰ und R¹¹ C₁-C₈-Alkyl sind, oder (C) ein Reaktionsgemisch aus 2-tert. Butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert. butylphenol und (Para)Formaldehyd ist.
  19. Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 18, worin (B) eine Verbindung der Formel IX ist, worin n 2 ist und Y eine Gruppe -NH-(CH₂)₆-NH- oder -O-CO-(CH₂)₈-CO-O ist, und (C) die Verbindung der Formel
    Figure imgb0135
    ist.
  20. Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1 als Motorenöl.
  21. Verwendung einer Kombination von (B) und (C), wie in Anspruch 1 definiert, zur Stabilisierung von Schmierstoffen gegen deren oxidativen Abbau.
  22. Verwendung gemäss Anspruch 21 zur Verminderung der Schlammbildung in Motorenölen.
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JP2943004B2 (ja) 1999-08-30
CA2020558A1 (en) 1991-01-08
CA2020558C (en) 2001-11-06
DE59002284D1 (de) 1993-09-16
BR9003187A (pt) 1991-08-27
DD297443A5 (de) 1992-01-09
CN1048560A (zh) 1991-01-16
KR910003079A (ko) 1991-02-26
EP0406826A1 (de) 1991-01-09
JPH0345696A (ja) 1991-02-27
ZA905305B (en) 1991-05-29
CN1028243C (zh) 1995-04-19
KR0151400B1 (ko) 1998-10-01

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