EP0356677B1 - Schmierstoffzusammensetzung - Google Patents
Schmierstoffzusammensetzung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0356677B1 EP0356677B1 EP89112951A EP89112951A EP0356677B1 EP 0356677 B1 EP0356677 B1 EP 0356677B1 EP 89112951 A EP89112951 A EP 89112951A EP 89112951 A EP89112951 A EP 89112951A EP 0356677 B1 EP0356677 B1 EP 0356677B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- hydrogen
- oder
- butyl
- composition according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title description 2
- -1 C1-C12alkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 161
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 22
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005394 methallyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VZXJHQBFMJESBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=C(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C=C2SC3=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C3NC2=C1 VZXJHQBFMJESBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical compound OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GQBHYWDCHSZDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)-n-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenyl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C=C1 GQBHYWDCHSZDQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004400 (C1-C12) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 28
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- RQVGZVZFVNMBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQVGZVZFVNMBGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 8
- MALIONKMKPITBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-n-[2-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)ethyl]acetamide Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC=C1CCNC(=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 MALIONKMKPITBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triacetonamine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(=O)CC(C)(C)N1 JWUXJYZVKZKLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000004974 2-butenyl group Chemical group C(C=CC)* 0.000 description 6
- 125000006024 2-pentenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002853 C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000000041 C6-C10 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000003647 acryloyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 6
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000002801 octanoyl group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC)(=O)* 0.000 description 6
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006040 2-hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-butyl Chemical group [CH2]CCCO SXIFAEWFOJETOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000400 lauroyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004825 2,2-dimethylpropylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 3
- TUOLXKNMFCOMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diethyl-2,3,6-trimethylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CCC1(C)CC(=O)C(C)C(C)(CC)N1 TUOLXKNMFCOMGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical group CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(O)=O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1O WPMYUUITDBHVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 CCC(C)*(CN)*C Chemical compound CCC(C)*(CN)*C 0.000 description 3
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RSOILICUEWXSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 RSOILICUEWXSLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOJOVSYIGHASEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) butanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 GOJOVSYIGHASEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001589 carboacyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010525 oxidative degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229950000688 phenothiazine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- OLRJXMHANKMLTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl Chemical compound [SiH3] OLRJXMHANKMLTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- NWPIOULNZLJZHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CC(OC(=O)C(C)=C)CC1(C)C NWPIOULNZLJZHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RSGJNCQIUIMQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1-ethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(CC)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O RSGJNCQIUIMQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMUOXOJMXILBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 JMUOXOJMXILBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGWZSQSEJMBWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (9-acetyl-3-ethyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-3-yl)methyl acetate Chemical compound O1CC(CC)(COC(C)=O)COC11CC(C)(C)N(C(C)=O)C(C)(C)C1 QGWZSQSEJMBWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWHNXXMYEICZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C NWHNXXMYEICZAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHJUORCGZFHNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CC(=O)CC1(C)C GHJUORCGZFHNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002030 1,2-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([*:2])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- STQGDAATELZKHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,7,7,8,9,9-heptamethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C11CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 STQGDAATELZKHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001989 1,3-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:1])=C([H])C([*:2])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000004958 1,4-naphthylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 2
- YLNHMDBXZAIRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-phenylmethoxypiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C(=O)C=C)C(C)(C)CC1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 YLNHMDBXZAIRGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PLFCYRVZTAZAES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN1C(C)(C)CC(O)CC1(C)C PLFCYRVZTAZAES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLTHAKKFNPUWSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLTHAKKFNPUWSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C)=CC(CC=2C(=C(C=C(C)C=2)C(C)(C)C)O)=C1O KGRVJHAUYBGFFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOWWQRAEWBATLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1CC1OC1 GOWWQRAEWBATLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOCLFIGHHOKNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-n-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)piperidin-4-amine Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 IOCLFIGHHOKNTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYRJTUANWYZSIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-n-[[4-[[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)amino]methyl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-4-amine Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NCC(C=C1)=CC=C1CNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 RYRJTUANWYZSIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDVUCLWJZJHFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1 VDVUCLWJZJHFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZNCZMSWGKUJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dibutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-4-one Chemical compound O1C(CCCC)(CCCC)NC(=O)C11CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 LZNCZMSWGKUJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 BVUXDWXKPROUDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUQNLOIVFHUMTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[2-hydroxy-5-nonyl-3-(1-phenylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-4-nonyl-6-(1-phenylethyl)phenol Chemical compound OC=1C(C(C)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=1CC(C=1O)=CC(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=1C(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XUQNLOIVFHUMTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNYKZVIOOQMZGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-4,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decan-3-one Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(CCCC)OC11CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XNYKZVIOOQMZGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001731 2-cyanoethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C#N 0.000 description 2
- QNZKGCJBPSSIGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-n-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CN1C(C)(C)CC(NC(=O)C(C)=C)CC1(C)C QNZKGCJBPSSIGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWTCCRCIUNUOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7,7,8,9,9-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]decane Chemical compound O1C(C)COC11CC(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)C1 OWTCCRCIUNUOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HTQOIDQIAPZYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxypropanenitrile Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(OCCC#N)CC(C)(C)N1O HTQOIDQIAPZYNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJLKJXCHAOGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-benzyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC21C(=O)N(CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N2 AOJLKJXCHAOGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IZXWGXJYQKWVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxa-9-azaspiro[5.5]undecane Chemical compound O1CC(CC)COC11CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 IZXWGXJYQKWVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl Chemical group [CH2]CCO QOXOZONBQWIKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STEYNUVPFMIUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(O)CC(C)(C)N1CCO STEYNUVPFMIUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OPEKHRGERHDLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butyl-n-(4-tert-butylphenyl)aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 OPEKHRGERHDLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UOMXLEWVJZEVGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 UOMXLEWVJZEVGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWQYIBSYWGQURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,7,8,9,9-pentamethyl-3-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(C)C(C)(C)CC21C(=O)N(CC1OC1)C(=O)N2 KWQYIBSYWGQURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
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- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- KVGKANWUAULXNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butanediamide Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NC(=O)CCC(=O)NC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 KVGKANWUAULXNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKJARPDLRWBRAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NCCCCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 UKJARPDLRWBRAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPQJEXTVQZHURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide Chemical compound OCCNC(=O)C(=O)NCCO FPQJEXTVQZHURJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVYIFKCHSJSIDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-dibutyl-n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexanediamide Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1N(CCCC)C(=O)CCCCC(=O)N(CCCC)C1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 DVYIFKCHSJSIDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDGDCVKCGHKYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-methoxypropyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-amine Chemical compound COCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 VDGDCVKCGHKYJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDAKZQLBIFPGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-amine Chemical compound CCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 FDAKZQLBIFPGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVVFFUKULYKOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-4-propan-2-yloxyaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)C)=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 CVVFFUKULYKOJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMXRBCGZTVENAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)aniline Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMXRBCGZTVENAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYLGUNUDTDWXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyl-n-prop-2-enylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 NYLGUNUDTDWXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical group OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NTTIENRNNNJCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl n-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)NC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 NTTIENRNNNJCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004707 phenolate Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002990 phenothiazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001593 sorbitan monooleate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035049 sorbitan monooleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011069 sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CSCC(O)=O UVZICZIVKIMRNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019303 thiodipropionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiracizine Chemical compound C1CC2=CC=CC=C2N(C(=O)CN(C)C)C2=CC(NC(=O)OCC)=CC=C21 KJAMZCVTJDTESW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridodecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCC IVIIAEVMQHEPAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctadecyl phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CNUJLMSKURPSHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-nonylphenyl) phosphite Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)CCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1CCCCCCCCC WGKLOLBTFWFKOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012065 two one-sided test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007934 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/12—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M133/14—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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- C10M133/16—Amides; Imides
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
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- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/38—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M133/40—Six-membered ring containing nitrogen and carbon only
- C10M133/42—Triazines
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M135/26—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/28—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M135/30—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
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- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/065—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions having a silicon-to-carbon bond, e.g. organo-silanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/251—Alcohol-fuelled engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
- C10N2040/28—Rotary engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to lubricant compositions that are stabilized against oxidative degradation. Stabilization is achieved by adding at least two specific additives.
- Aromatic amines are used as antioxidants for lubricants, e.g. alkylated diphenylamines or alkylated phenothiazines. Such amines are described for example in EP-A-149 422 or GB-A-1 090 688.
- the use of such aromatic amines in combination with other antioxidants such as e.g. with triaryl phosphites, thiodipropionates or phenolic antioxidants is known. e.g. from EP-A-49 133.
- R3 as C1-C12 alkyl can be linear or branched alkyl and can e.g. Be methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl or dodecyl.
- R1, R5 and R6 as C1-C18 alkyl can also e.g. Tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl.
- R4 as C4-C18 alkyl can e.g. be n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-hexyl, tert-octyl, n-dodecyl or octadecyl.
- R1, R5 and R6 as C7-C9-phenylalkyl can e.g. Be benzyl, 2-phenylethyl, ⁇ -methylbenzyl, 2-phenylpropyl or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylbenzyl.
- R1 and R2 as C7-C18 alkylphenyl can have linear or branched alkyl groups. Examples are tolyl, ethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, sec-pentylphenyl, n-hexylphenyl, tert-octylphenyl, iso-nonylphenyl or n-dodecylphenyl.
- R 1 and R 2 can also be mixtures of alkylphenyl groups, such as those formed in technical alkylations of diphenylamine using olefins.
- the alkyl group is preferably in the para position of the aromatic amine.
- Component B) is preferably a compound of the formula I or II in which R1 is C1-C4-alkyl, C7-C9-phenylalkyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, C10-C18-alkylphenyl or naphthyl, R2 is C10-C18 alkylphenyl or phenyl, R3 is hydrogen, C1-C8-alkyl, benzyl, allyl or a group -CH2SR4, R4 is C8-C18-alkyl or -CH2COO (C8-C18-alkyl), and R5 and R6 independently of one another are H, C1-C12-alkyl or C7-C9-phenylalkyl.
- R1 and R2 independently of one another are phenyl or C10-C18-alkylphenyl and R3 is hydrogen are particularly preferred.
- R3 is hydrogen and R5 and R6 independently of one another are H or C4-C12-alkyl are particularly preferred.
- Component (C) can be any cyclic or non-cyclic hindered amine.
- (C) is preferably a compound which has at least one group of the formula III contains, wherein R is hydrogen or methyl. R is preferably hydrogen.
- R is hydrogen or methyl.
- R is preferably hydrogen.
- These are derivatives of polyalkylpiperidines, in particular 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine. These polyalkylpiperidines preferably carry one or two polar substituents or a polar spiro ring system in the 4-position.
- the amount of (B) and (C) added to the base oil (A) depends on the type of base oil and the desired degree of stabilization. In general, the sum of (B) and (C) is 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1% by weight, based on (A).
- the ratio of (B) to (C) can be varied within wide limits; in general, (B) is the predominant component in terms of quantity.
- the ratio (B) :( C) is preferably 3-5: 1.
- Component (A) is a mineral or synthetic base oil, as is common for the preparation of lubricants.
- Synthetic oils can e.g. Esters of polycarboxylic acids or of polyols, they can be aliphatic polyesters or poly- ⁇ -olefins, silicones, phosphoric acid esters or polyalkylene glycols.
- the lubricant can also be a grease based on an oil and a thickener. Such lubricants are e.g. described in D. Klamann "Lubricants and related products", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982.
- the lubricant can also contain other additives such as e.g. further antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants or wear protection additives.
- additives e.g. further antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, dispersants, surfactants or wear protection additives.
- 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2- ( ⁇ -methylcyclohexyl ) -4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-butylphenol.
- mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, bis-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.
- mono- or polyhydric alcohols e.g. with methanol, diethylene glycol, octadecanol, triethylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanurate, thiodiethylene glycol, di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide.
- Aliphatic or aromatic phosphites esters of thiodipropionic acid or thiodiacetic acid, or salts of dithiocarbamide or dithiophosphoric acid.
- metal deactivators e.g. for copper
- metal deactivators e.g. for copper
- Triazoles benzotriazoles and their derivatives, tolutriazoles and their derivatives, 2-mercaptobenzthiazole, 2-mercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenztriazole, 2,5-dimercaptobenzthiadiazole, 5,5'-methylenebisbenzotriazole, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenztriazole, salicylides -propylenediamine, salicylaminoguanidine and its salts.
- rust inhibitors are:
- viscosity index improvers examples are:
- Polyacrylates polymethacrylates, vinyl pyrrolidone / methacrylate copolymers, polyvinyl pyrrolidones, polybutenes, olefin copolymers, styrene / acrylate copolymers, polyethers.
- pour point depressants examples are:
- dispersants / surfactants examples are:
- wear protection additives are:
- Compounds containing sulfur and / or phosphorus and / or halogen such as sulphurized vegetable oils, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, tritolyl phosphate, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl and aryl di and tri sulfides, triphenyl phosphorothionates, diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazole, di (2-ethylhexyl) aminol.
- Examples of usable phosphites and phosphonites are: Triphenyl phosphite, decyl diphenyl phosphite, phenyl didecyl phosphite, tris (nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris- (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodechritol , 4-di-tert.butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis (2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) -4,4′-biphenylene diphosphonite, bis- (2,6-di- tert-but
- the individual additives are dissolved in the oil.
- the oil can be heated or the additives can be pre-dissolved in a solvent.
- the lubricant can also contain additives to solid lubricants, e.g. Graphite or molybdenum sulfide.
- thermo analyzer 1090 thermo analyzer 1090 from Du Pont
- the induction time of the oxidation of oil samples by air containing 400 ppm NO2 is measured under isothermal conditions. The measurement takes place at 170 ° C under a pressure of 8 bar.
- a standard mineral oil (Aral® 136) is used as the base oil, to which 1% by volume 1-decene is added to increase the sensitivity to oxygen.
- the following amine stabilizers are added to the oil.
- Aromatic amines :
- Table 1 shows the induction times. The longer the induction time, the higher the antioxidant effect of the stabilizer additives.
- Table 1 Aromatic. Amine Hindered amine Induction time (min) - - 43 0.55% A-1 - 80 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-1 91.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-2 91.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-3 90.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-4 90 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-5 84.5 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-6 89
- the oxidation of hydrocarbons creates oxygen-containing groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl or ester groups.
- the amount of such groups can be measured well by infrared spectroscopy and the activity of antioxidants can be determined therefrom.
- samples of a standard mineral oil (Aral® 136) to which 1 vol% 1-decene is added to increase the sensitivity to oxygen, under isothermal conditions in an atmosphere of air to which 400 ppm NO2 is added, under a pressure of 8 bar warmed for 12 h. Then the IR absorption at 1730 cm ⁇ 1 and 1630 ⁇ 1 is measured. The lower these values are, the higher the activity of the stabilizers.
- Tables 2a and 2b show the results at different temperatures.
- oxidation behavior of lubricating oils stabilized according to the invention was also tested according to the TOST method (turbine oxidation stability test) in accordance with ASTM D-943.
- TOST method turbine oxidation stability test
- 300 ml of a mineral oil Mobil STOC K 305
- 60 ml of water are mixed with 60 ml of water and heated to 95 ° C for 1000 hours in the presence of iron and copper wire while passing oxygen through.
- SLUDGE (mg) 100% - 0.46 30th 95% 5% 0.38 27 90% 10% 0.30 24th 75% 25% 0.31 27
- Example 2 Analogously to Example 1, the induction time of the oxidation is measured at 170 ° C.
- the following hindered amines are used: H-8 N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) hexamethylene diamine H-9 N, N'-bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) pentamethylene diamine H-10 4- (3-methoxypropylamino) -2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Table 4 Aromatic amine Hindered amine Induction time (min) - - 48 0.55% A-1 - 86 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-8 95 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-9 96 0.45% A-1 0.10% H-10 89
- the oxidation resistance can also be measured by measuring the increase in viscosity when treated with oxygen at elevated temperature.
- an oxygen stream (1 l / h) is passed through the oil for 70 hours at 150 ° C.
- the oil is previously sensitized with a catalytic amount of a copper naphthenate.
- the viscosity of the oil is measured before and after with an Ubbelode viscometer.
- Table 6 Oil Percentage increase in viscosity Base oil 168% Base oil with the addition of 0.6% A-1 and 0.15% H-8 3.4%
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogenated Pyridines (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Anti-Oxidant Or Stabilizer Compositions (AREA)
Description
- Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen, die gegen oxidativen Abbau stabilisiert sind. Die Stabilisierung erfolgt durch Zusatz von mindestens zwei spezifischen Zusatzstoffen.
- Es ist bekannt und üblich, zu Schmierstoffen auf Basis von Mineralölen oder synthetischen Oelen Zusatzstoffe zur Verbesserung ihrer Gebrauchseigenschaften zuzusetzen. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind Zusatzstoffe gegen oxidativen Abbau der Schmierstoffe, sogenannte Antioxidantien. Der oxidative Abbau von Schmierstoffen spielt vor allem bei Motorenölen eine grosse Rolle, da im Verbrennungsraum der Motoren hohe Temperaturen herrschen und neben Sauerstoff Stickoxide (NOx) vorhanden sind, welche als Oxidationskatalysatoren wirken.
- Als Antioxidantien für Schmierstoffe werden unter anderem aromatische Amine verwendet, wie z.B. alkylierte Diphenylamine oder alkylierte Phenothiazine. Solche Amine sind beispielsweise in der EP-A- 149 422 oder der GB-A-1 090 688 beschrieben. Auch die Verwendung solcher aromatischer Amine in Kombination mit anderen Antioxidantien wie z.B. mit Triarylphosphiten, Thiodipropionaten oder phenolischen Antioxidantien ist bekannt. z.B. aus der EP-A-49 133.
- Es wurde gefunden, dass sich eine Kombination von aromatischen Aminen mit sterisch gehinderten Aminen hervorragend als Antioxidans für Schmierstoffe eignet.
- Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, enthaltend
- (A) ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Basisöl oder ein Gemisch solcher Oele,
- (B) mindestens ein aromatisches Amin der Formel I oder II,
R² Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl, Methallyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
R⁴ C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) oder -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten und - (C) mindestens ein sterisch gehindertes Amin.
- R³ als C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl kann lineares oder verzweigtes Alkyl sein und kann z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Butyl, Pentyl, Hexyl, Octyl, Nonyl, Decyl oder Dodecyl sein. R¹, R⁵ und R⁶ als C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl können darüber hinaus auch z.B. Tetradecyl, Pentadecyl, Hexadecyl oder Octadecyl sein. R⁴ als C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl kann z.B. n-Butyl, tert.Butyl, n-Hexyl, tert.Octyl, n-Dodecyl oder Octadecyl sein.
- R¹, R⁵ und R⁶ als C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl können z.B. Benzyl, 2-Phenylethyl, α-Methylbenzyl, 2-Phenylpropyl oder α,α-Dimethylbenzyl sein.
- R¹ und R² als C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl können lineare oder verzweigte Alkylgruppen haben. Beispiele sind Tolyl, Ethylphenyl, Isopropylphenyl, tert.Butylphenyl, sec.Pentylphenyl, n-Hexylphenyl, tert.Octylphenyl, iso-Nonylphenyl oder n-Dodecylphenyl. Es kann sich bei R¹ und R² auch um Gemische von Alkylphenylgruppen handeln, wie sie bei technischen Alkylierungen von Diphenylamin mittels Olefinen entstehen. Bevorzugt steht die Alkylgruppe in para-Stellung des aromatischen Amins.
- Bevorzugt verwendet man als Komponente B) eine Verbindung der Formel I oder II, worin
R¹ C₁-C₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R² C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
R⁴ C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl oder -CH₂COO(C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten. - Unter den Verbindungen der Formel I sind solche besonders bevorzugt, worin R¹ und R² unabhängig voneinander Phenyl oder C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl bedeuten und R³ Wasserstoff ist.
- Unter den Verbindungen der Formel II sind solche besonders bevorzugt, worin R³ Wasserstoff ist und R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H oder C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl bedeuten.
- Beispiele für Verbindungen der Formel sind:
Diphenylamin
N-Allyldiphenylamin
4-Isopropoxydiphenylamin
N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamin
N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamin
Di-4-methoxyphenyl-amin
Di-[4-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-phenyl]-amin
Di-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-amin
tert.octyliertes N-Phenyl-1-naphtylamin
technische Gemische erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen (mono-, di- und trialkylierte tert.Butyl- und tert.Octyldiphenylamine)
Phenothiazin
N-Allylphenothiazin
3,7-Di-tert.octyl-phenothiazin
technische Gemische erhalten durch Reaktion von Phenothiazin mit Diisobutylen
Besonders bevorzugt verwendet man als Komponente B) 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin oder 3,7-Di-tert.octyl-phenothiazin oder ein technisches Gemisch erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen, insbesondere ein solches Gemisch, das folgende Bestandteile enthält: - a) maximal 5 Gew.-% Diphenylamin,
- b) 8-15 Gew.-% 4-tert.Butyldiphenylamin,
- c) 24-32 Gew. 4-tert.Octyl-diphenylamin, 4,4′-Di-tert.butyl-diphenylamin und 2,4,4′-Tri-tert.butyl-diphenylamin,
- d) 23-34 Gew.-% 4-tert.Butyl-4′-tert.octyl-diphenylamin, 2,2′- und 3,3′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin und 2,4-Di-tert.butyl-4′-tert.octyl-diphenylamin
- e) 21-34 Gew.-% 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin und 2,4-Di-tert.octyl-4′-tert.butyl-diphenylamin.
- Die Komponente (C) kann irgendein cyclisches oder nicht-cyclisches sterisch gehindertes Amin sein. Bevorzugt ist (C) eine Verbindung, die mindestens eine Gruppe der Formel III
enthält, worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl bedeutet. Bevorzugt ist R Wasserstoff. Es handelt sich dabei um Derivate von Polyalkylpiperidinen, insbesondere von 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin. Bevorzugt tragen diese Polyalkylpiperidine in 4-Stellung einen oder zwei polare Substituenten oder ein polares Spiro-Ringsystem. - Von Bedeutung sind insbesondere die folgenden Klassen von Polyalkylpiperidinen.
- a) Verbindungen der Formel IV
Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethyl-hexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.
In der Bedeutung von C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl kann R¹¹ oder R¹² z.B. die oben angeführten Gruppen und dazu noch beispielsweise n-Tridecyl, n-Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl oder n-Octadecyl darstellen.
Wenn R¹¹ C₃-C₈-Alkenyl bedeutet, so kann es sich z.B. um 1-Propenyl, Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl, 2-Pentenyl, 2-Hexenyl, 2-Octenyl, 4-tert.Butyl-2-butenyl handeln.
R¹¹ ist als C₃-C₈-Alkinyl bevorzugt Propargyl.
Als C₇-C₁₂-Aralkyl ist R¹¹ insbesondere Phenethyl und vor allem Benzyl.
R¹¹ ist als C₁-C₈-Alkanoyl beispielsweise Formyl, Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl und als C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl insbesondere Acryloyl.
Bedeutet R¹² einen einwertigen Rest einer Carbonsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Essigsäure-, Capronsäure-, Stearinsäure-, Acrylsäure-, Methacrylsäure-, Benzoe- oder β-(3,5-Di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäurerest dar.
Bedeutet R¹² einen zweiwertigen Rest einer Dicarbonsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Malonsäure-, Bernsteinsäure-, Glutarsäure-, Adipinsäure-, Korksäure-, Sebacinsäure-, Maleinsäure-, Itaconsäure-, Phthalsäure-, Dibutylmalonsäure-, Dibenzylmalonsäure-, Butyl-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonsäure- oder Bicycloheptendicarbonsäurerest dar.
Stellt R¹² einen dreiwertigen Rest einer Tricarbonsäure dar, so bedeutet es z.B. einen Trimellitsäure-, Citronensäure- oder Nitrilotriessigsäurerest.
Stellt R¹² einen vierwertigen Rest einer Tetracarbonsäure dar, so bedeutet es z.B. den vierwertigen Rest von Butan-1,2,3,4-tetracarbonsaure oder von Pyromellitsäure.
Bedeutet R¹² einen zweiwertigen Rest einer Dicarbaminsäure, so stellt es beispielsweise einen Hexamethylendicarbaminsäure- oder einen 2,4-Toluylen-dicarbaminsäurerest dar.
Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel IV, worin R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, n 2 ist und R¹² der Diacylrest einer aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure mit 4-12 C-Atomen ist.
Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:- 1) 4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 2) 1-Allyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 3) 1-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 4) 1-(4-tert.-Butyl-2-butenyl)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 5) 4-Stearoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 6) 1-Ethyl-4-salicyloyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 7) 4-Methacryloyloxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
- 8) 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl-β-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionat
- 9) Di-(1-benzyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-maleinat
- 10) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succinat
- 11) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-glutarat
- 12) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-adipat
- 13) Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
- 14) Di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
- 15) Di-(1,2,3,6-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
- 16) Di-(1-allyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phthalat
- 17) 1-Hydroxy-4-β-cyanoethyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 18) 1-Acetyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-acetat
- 19) Trimellithsäure-tri-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
- 20) 1-Acryloyl-4-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 21) Diethylmalonsäure-di(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
- 22) Dibutyl-malonsäure-di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
- 23) Butyl-(3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonsäure-di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
- 24) Di-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
- 25) Di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
- 26) Hexan-1′,6′-bis-(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-butyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin)
- 27) Toluol-2′,4′-bis-(4-carbamoyloxy-1-n-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin)
- 28) Dimethyl-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)-silan
- 29) Phenyl-tris-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-oxy)-silan
- 30) Tris-(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phosphit
- 31) Tris-(1-propyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-phosphat
- 32) Phenyl-[bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)]-phosphonat
- 33) 4-Hydroxy-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
- 34) 4-Hydroxy-N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 35) 4-Hydroxy-N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 36) 1-Glycidyl-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- b) Verbindungen der Formel (V)
Stellen etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂- oder C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl dar, so haben sie die bereits unter a) angegebene Bedeutung.
Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₅-C₇-Cycloalkyl, so stellen sie insbesondere Cyclohexyl dar.
Als C₇-C₈-Aralkyl ist R¹³ insbesondere Phenylethyl oder vor allem Benzyl. Als C₂-C₅-Hydroxyalkyl ist R¹³ insbesondere 2-Hydroxyethyl oder 2-Hydroxypropyl.
R¹³ ist als C₂-C₁₈-Alkanoyl beispielsweise Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, Dodecanoyl, Hexadecanoyl, Octadecanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl und als C₃-C₅-Alkenoyl insbesondere Acryloyl.
Bedeutet R¹⁴ C₂-C₈-Alkenyl, dann handelt es sich z.B. um Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl, 2-Pentenyl, 2-Hexenyl oder 2-Octenyl.
R¹⁴ als mit einer Hydroxy-, Cyano-, Alkoxycarbonyl- oder Carbamidgruppe substituiertes C₁-C₄-Alkyl kann z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Cyanethyl, Methoxycarbonylmethyl, 2-Ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-Aminocarbonylpropyl oder 2-(Dimethylaminocarbonyl)-ethyl sein.
Stellen etwaige Substituenten C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen dar, so handelt es sich z.B. um Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen, Hexamethylen, Octamethylen, Decamethylen oder Dodecamethylen.
Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₆-C₁₅-Arylen, so stellen sie z.B. o-, m-oder p-Phenylen, 1,4-Naphthylen oder 4,4′-Diphenylen dar.
Als C₆-C₁₂-Cycloalkylen ist D insbesondere Cyclohexylen.
Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel V, worin n 1 oder 2 ist, R Wasserstoff ist, R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, R¹³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder eine Gruppe der Formel
Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:- 37) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylen-1,6-diamin
- 38) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylen-1,6-di-acetamid
- 39) Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-amin
- 40) 4-Benzoylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 41) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N′-dibutyl-adipamid
- 42) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N′-dicyclohexyl-2-hydroxypropylen-1,3-diamin
- 43) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-p-xylylen-diamin
- 44) N,N′-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succindiamid
- 45) N-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-β-aminodipropionsäure-di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-ester
- 46) Die Verbindung der Formel
- 47) 4-(Bis-2-hydroxyethyl-amino)-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
- 48) 4-(3-Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert.-butyl-benzoesäureamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin
- 49) 4-Methacrylamido-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin
- c) Verbindungen der Formel (VI)
Bedeutet R¹⁵ C₂-C₈-Alkylen oder -Hydroxyalkylen, so stellt es beispielsweise Ethylen, 1-Methyl-ethylen, Propylen, 2-Ethyl-propylen oder 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylen dar.
Als C₄-C₂₂-Acyloxyalkylen bedeutet R¹⁵ z.B. 2-Ethyl-2-acetoxymethylpropylen.
Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:- 50) 9-Aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
- 51) 9-Aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
- 52) 8-Aza-2,7,7,8,9,9-hexamethyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan
- 53) 9-Aza-3-hydroxymethyl-3-ethyl-8,8,9,10,10-pentamethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro [5.5]undecan
- 54) 9-Aza-3-ethyl-3-acetoxymethyl-9-acetyl-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan
- 55) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-spiro-2′-(1′,3′-dioxan)-5′-spiro-5˝-(1˝,3˝-dioxan)-2˝-spiro-4‴-(2‴,2‴,6‴,6‴,-tetramethylpiperidin).
- d) Verbindungen der Formeln VIIA, VIIB und VIIC
Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethyl-hexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.
Etwaige Substituenten in der Bedeutung von C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl können z.B. die oben angeführten Gruppen und dazu noch beispielsweise n-Tridecyl, n-Tetradecyl, n-Hexadecyl oder n-Octadecyl darstellen.
Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₂-C₆-Alkoxyalkyl, so stellen sie z.B. Methoxymethyl, Ethoxymethyl, Propoxymethyl, tert.-Butoxymethyl, Ethoxyethyl, Ethoxypropyl, n-Butoxyethyl, tert.-Butoxyethyl, Isopropoxyethyl oder Propoxypropyl dar.
Stellt R¹⁷ C₃-C₅-Alkenyl dar, so bedeutet es z.B. 1-Propenyl, Allyl, Methallyl, 2-Butenyl oder 2-Pentenyl.
Als C₇-C₉-Aralkyl sind R¹⁷, T₁ und T₂ insbesondere Phenethyl oder vor allem Benzyl. Bilden T₁ und T₂ zusammen mit dem C-Atom einen Cycloalkanring, so kann dies z.B. ein Cyclopentan-, Cyclohexan-, Cyclooctan- oder Cyclododecanring sein.
Bedeutet R¹⁷ C₂-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl, so stellt es z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Hydroxybutyl oder 4-Hydroxybutyl dar.
Als C₆-C₁₀-Aryl bedeuten R¹⁷, T₁ und T₂ insbesondere Phenyl, α- oder β-Naphthyl, die gegebenenfalls mit Halogen oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl substituiert sind.
Stellt R¹⁷ C₂-C₁₂-Alkylen dar, so handelt es sich z.B. um Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen, Hexamethylen, Octamethylen, Decamethylen oder Dodecamethylen.
Als C₄-C₁₂-Alkenylen bedeutet R¹⁷ insbesondere 2-Butenylen, 2-Pentenylen oder 3-Hexenylen.
Bedeutet R¹⁷ C₆-C₁₂ Arylen, so stellt es beispielsweise o-, m- oder p-Phenylen, 1,4-Naphthylen oder 4,4′-Diphenylen dar.
Bedeutet Z′ C₂-C₁₂ Alkanoyl, so stellt es beispielsweise Propionyl, Butyryl, Octanoyl, Dodecanoyl, aber bevorzugt Acetyl dar.
D hat als C₂-C₁₀ Alkylen, C₆-C₁₅ Arylen oder C₆-C₁₂ Cycloalkylen die unter b) angegebene Bedeutung.
Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind folgende Verbindungen:- 56) 3-Benzyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
- 57) 3-n-Octyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
- 58) 3-Allyl-1,3,8-triaza-1,7,7,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
- 59) 3-Glycidyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,8,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
- 60) 1,3,7,7,8,9,9-Heptamethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dion
- 61) 2-Iso-propyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro-[4.5]decan
- 62) 2,2-Dibutyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro-[4.5]decan
- 63) 2,2,4,4-Tetramethyl-7-oxa-3,20-diaza-21-oxo-dispiro[5.1.11.2]-heneicosan
- 64) 2-Butyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-4,8-diaza-3-oxo-spiro-[4,5]decan
- 65) 8-Acetyl-3-dodecyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4,5]-decan-2,4-dion
- e) Verbindungen der Formel VIII
Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, so stellen sie beispielsweise Methyl, Ethyl, n-Propyl, n-Butyl, sek.-Butyl, tert.-Butyl, n-Hexyl, n-Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, n-Nonyl, n-Decyl, n-Undecyl oder n-Dodecyl dar.
Bedeuten etwaige Substituenten C₁-C₄-Hydroxyalkyl, so stellen sie z.B. 2-Hydroxyethyl, 2-Hydroxypropyl, 3-Hydroxypropyl, 2-Hydroxybutyl oder 4-Hydroxybutyl dar.
Bedeutet A C₂-C₆ Alkylen, so stellt es beispielsweise Ethylen, Propylen, 2,2-Dimethylpropylen, Tetramethylen oder Hexamethylen dar.
Stellen R²¹ und R²² zusammen C₄-C₅-Alkylen oder Oxaalkylen dar, so bedeutet dies z.B. Tetramethylen, Pentamethylen oder 3-Oxapentamethylen.
Beispiele für Polyalkylpiperidin-Verbindungen dieser Klasse sind die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln: - f) Oligomere oder polymere Verbindungen, deren wiederkehrende Struktureinheit einen 2,2,6,6-Tetraalkylpiperidinrest der Formel (I) enthält, insbesondere Polyester, Polyäther, Polyamide, Polyamine, Polyurethane, Polyharnstoffe, Polyaminotriazine, Poly(meth)acrylate, Poly(meth)acrylamide und deren Copolymere, die solche Reste enthalten.
Beispiele für 2,2,6,6-Polyalkylpiperidin-Lichtschutzmittel dieser Klasse sind die Verbindungen der folgenden Formeln, wobei m eine Zahl von 2 bis etwa 200 bedeutet. -
Bevorzugt sind Verbindungen der Formel IX, worin R Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist und R¹¹ Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist.
Beispiele für solche Verbindungen sind:- 95) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidon (Triacetonamin)
- 96) 1,2,2,6,6-Pentamethyl-4-piperidon
- 97) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidon-1-oxyl
- 98) 2,3,6-Trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidon
- Die Menge des Zusatzes von (B) und (C) zum Basisöl (A) richtet sich nach der Art des Basisöls und nach dem gewünschten Stabilisierungsgrad. Im allgemeinen beträgt die Summe von (B) und (C) 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise 0,5 bis 1 Gew.-%, bezogen auf (A). Das Verhältnis von (B) zu (C) kann in weiten Grenzen variiert werden, im allgemeinen ist (B) die mengenmässig überwiegende Komponente. Vorzugsweise beträgt das Verhältnis (B):(C) 3-5:1.
- Die Komponente (A) ist ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Basisöl, wie es zur Bereitung von Schmierstoffen üblich ist. Synthetische Oele können z.B. Ester von Polycarbonsäuren oder von Polyolen sein, sie können aliphatische Polyester sein oder Poly-α-olefine, Silicone, Phosphorsäureester oder Polyalkylenglykole. Der Schmierstoff kann auch ein Fett auf Basis eines Oeles und eines Verdickungsmittels sein. Solche Schmierstoffe sind z.B. in D. Klamann "Schmierstoffe und artverwandte Produkte", Verlag Chemie, Weinheim 1982, beschrieben.
- Der Schmierstoff kann zusätzlich andere Additive enthalten wie z.B. weitere Antioxidantien, Metallpassivatoren, Rostinhibitoren, Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer, Stockpunktserniedriger, Dispergiermittel, Tenside oder Verschleissschutz-Additive.
- 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert-Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-Methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-Tri-cyclohexylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, o-tert-Butylphenol.
- 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-amyl-hydrochinon, 2,6-Diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol.
- 2,2′-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2′-Thio-bis-(4-octylphenol), 4,4′-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4′-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol).
- 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-Ethyliden-bis-(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-Ethyliden-bis-(6-tert-butyl-4- oder -5-iso-butylphenol), 2,2′-Methylen-bis-[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2′-Methylen-bis-[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4′-Methylen-bis-(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4′-Methylen-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-Bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butan, 2,6-Di-(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-Tris-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutan, Ethylenglycol-bis-[3,3-bis-(3′-tert-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrat], Bis-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-dicyclopentadien, Bis-[2-(3′-tert-butyl-2′-hydroxy-5′-methyl-benzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl]-terephthalat.
- 1,3,5-Tri-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzol, Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoessigsäure-isooctylester, Bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-dithiol-terephthalat, 1,3,5-Tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat, 1,3,5-Tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-isocyanurat, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonsäure-dioctadecylester, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphonsäure-monoethylester, Calcium-salz.
- 4-Hydroxy-laurinsäureanilid, 4-Hydroxy-stearinsäureanilid, 2,4-Bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazin, N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbaminsäureoctylester.
- mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Diethylenglycol, Octadecanol, Triethylenglycol, 1,6-Hexandiol, Pentaerythrit, Neopentylglycol, Tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurat, Thiodiethylenglycol, Bis-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamid.
- mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Diethylenglycol, Octadecanol, Triethylenglycol, 1,6-Hexandiol, Pentaerythrit, Neopentylglycol, Tris-hydroxyethyl-isocyanurat, Thiodiethylenglycol, Di-hydroxyethyl-oxalsäurediamid.
- wie z.B. N,N′-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylendiamin, N,N′-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylendiamin, N,N′-Bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazin.
- Aliphatische oder aromatische Phosphite, Ester der Thiodipropionsäure oder der Thiodiessigsäure, oder Salze der Dithiocarbamid- oder Dithiophosphorsäure.
- Triazole, Benztriazole und deren Derivate, Tolutriazole und deren Derivate, 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol, 2-Mercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenztriazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenzthiadiazol, 5,5′-Methylenbisbenztriazol, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenztriazol, Salicyliden-propylendiamin, Salicylaminoguanidin und dessen Salze.
-
- a) Organische Säuren, ihre Ester, Metallsalze und Anhydride, z.B.:
N-Oleoyl-sarcosin, Sorbitan-mono-oleat, Blei-naphthenat, Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydrid, z.B. Dodecenylbernsteinsäure-anhydrid, Alkenylbernsteinsäure-Teilester und -Teilamide, 4-Nonylphenoxyessigsäure. - b) Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
- I. Primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z.B. öllösliche Alkylammoniumcarboxylate.
- II. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B.:
Substituierte Imidazoline und Oxazoline.
- c) Phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
Aminsalze von Phosphorsäurepartialestern oder Phosphonsäurepartialestern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate. - d) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
Barium-dinonylnaphthalin-sulfonate, Calciumpetroleum-sulfonate. - Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Vinylpyrrolidon/Methacrylat-Copolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polybutene, Olefin-Copolymere, Styrol/Acrylat-Copolymere, Polyether.
- Polymethacrylat, alkylierte Naphthalinderivate.
- Polybutenylbernsteinsäureamide oder -imide, Polybutenylphosphonsäurederivate, basische Magnesium-, Calcium-, und Bariumsulfonate und -phenolate.
- Schwefel und/oder Phosphor und/oder Halogen enthaltende Verbindungen, wie geschwefelte pflanzliche Oele, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate, Tritolyl-phosphat, chlorierte Paraffine, Alkyl- und Aryldi- und tri-sulfide, Triphenylphosphorothionate, Diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazol, Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolyltriazol.
- Von besonderer Bedeutung ist der Zusatz von phenolischen Antioxidantien und/oder von aliphatischen und aromatischen Phosphiten oder Phosphoniten, die die Stabilisatorwirkung der Komponenten (B) und (C) erhöhen können.
- Beispiele für verwendbare Phosphite und Phosphonite sind:
Triphenylphosphit, Decyl-diphenylphosphit, Phenyl-didecylphosphit, Tris-(nonylphenyl)-phosphit, Trilaurylphosphit, Trioctadecylphosphit, Distearyl-pentaerythritdiphosphit, Tris-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-phosphit, Diisodecylpentaerythrit-diphosphit, Bis-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-pentaerythritdiphosphit, Tristearyl-sorbit-triphosphit, Tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-4,4′-biphenylen-diphosphonit, Bis-(2,6-di-tert.butyl-4-methyl-phenyl)-pentaerythrit-diphosphit. - Die einzelnen Zusätze werden im Oel gelöst. Zur Beschleunigung des Lösevorganges kann das Oel erwärmt werden oder man löst die Zusätze in einem Lösungsmittel vor.
- Der Schmierstoff kann auch Zusätze an festen Schmierstoffen enthalten, wie z.B. Graphit oder Molybdänsulfid.
- Die nachfolgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung näher. Darin bedeuten Teile Gewichtsteile und Prozente Gewichtsprozente, soweit nicht anders angegeben.
- Mittels eines Differential-Scanning-Calorimeters (Thermoanalysator 1090 der Fa. Du Pont) wird die Induktionszeit der Oxidation von Oelproben durch Luft, die 400 ppm NO₂ enthält, unter isothermen Bedingungen gemessen. Die Messung geschieht bei 170°C unter einem Druck von 8 bar. Als Basisöl wird ein Standard-Mineralöl (Aral® 136) verwendet, dem 1 Vol-% 1-Decen zur Steigerung der Sauerstoffempfindlichkeit zugesetzt wird. Zum Oel werden die folgenden Amin-Stabilisatoren zugesetzt.
-
- A-1
- Technisches Gemisch erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen, enthaltend
- a) 3 % Diphenylamin
- b) 14 % 4-tert.Butyl-diphenylamin,
- c) 30 % 4-tert.Octyl-diphenylamin, 4,4′-Di-tert.butyl-diphenylamin und 2,4,4′-Tri-tert.butyl-diphenylamin,
- d) 29 % 4-tert.Butyl-4′-tert.octyl-diphenylamin, 2,2′- und 3,3′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin und 2,4-Di-tert.butyl-4′-tert.octyl-diphenylamin,
- e) 18 % 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin,
- f) 6 % 2,4-Di-tert.octyl-4′-tert.butyl-diphenylamin.
- A-2
- 3,7-Di(tert.octyl)-phenothiazin
-
- H-1
- Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
- H-2
- 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-piperidon
- H-3
- Di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-succinat
- H-4
- Di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat
- H-5
- 2,3,6-Trimethyl-2,6-diethyl-4-piperidon
- H-6
- 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-butylaminopiperidin
- In Tabelle 1 sind die Induktionszeiten angegeben. Je höher die Induktionszeit ist, desto höher ist die antioxidative Wirkung der Stabilisator-Zusätze.
Tabelle 1 Aromat. Amin Gehindertes Amin Induktionszeit (min) - - 43 0,55 % A-1 - 80 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-1 91,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-2 91,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-3 90,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-4 90 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-5 84,5 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-6 89 - Bei der Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen entstehen sauerstoffhaltige Gruppen wie z.B. Hydroxyl-, Carboxyl- oder Estergruppen. Durch Infrarot-Spektroskopie lässt sich die Menge solcher Gruppen gut messen und daraus die Aktivität von Antioxidantien bestimmen. Hierzu werden Proben eines Standard-Mineralöls (Aral® 136), dem zur Erhöhung der Sauerstoffempfindlichkeit 1 Vol-% 1-Decen beigemischt wird, unter isothermen Bedingungen in einer Atmosphäre von Luft, der 400 ppm NO₂ zugemischt wird, unter einem Druck von 8 bar für 12 h erwärmt. Anschliessend wird die IR-Absorption bei 1730 cm⁻¹ und 1630⁻¹ gemessen. Je niedriger diese Werte sind, desto höher ist die Aktivität der Stabilisatoren. Die Tabellen 2a und 2b zeigen die Ergebnisse bei verschiedenen Temperaturen.
Tabelle 2a Oxidation bei 120°C Stabilisator IR-Absorption bei 1730 cm⁻¹ bei 1630⁻¹ 0,55 % A-1 0,471 1,051 0,45 % A-1 + 0,10 % H-2 0,392 0,839 0,45 % A-1 + 0,10 % H-3 0,424 0,863 0,45 % A-1 + 0,10 % H-5 0,396 0,673 - Das Oxidationsverhalten von erfindungsgemäss stabilisierten Schmierölen wurde auch nach der TOST-Methode (turbine oxidation stability test) gemäss ASTM D-943 geprüft.
Hierzu werden 300 ml eines Mineralöls (Mobil STOC K 305) mit 60 ml Wasser versetzt und in Gegenwart von Eisen- und Kupferdraht unter Durchleiten von Sauerstoff 1000 Stunden auf 95°C erwärmt. Gemessen wird die Bildung von Säuren durch Bestimmung der Neutralisationszahl TAN (mg KOH/g Oel) sowie die gebildete Menge an Schlamm = SLUDGE. - Als Stabilisation wird das Amin A-1 allein und im Gemisch mit dem gehinderten Amin H-7 = 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-4-dodecyloxypiperidin verwendet, wobei die Gesamtkonzentration der Stabilisatoren immmer 0,25 %, bezogen auf das Oel, beträgt.
A-1 H-7 TAN (mg KOH/g Oel) SLUDGE (mg) 100 % - 0,46 30 95 % 5 % 0,38 27 90 % 10 % 0,30 24 75 % 25 % 0,31 27 - Analog Beispiel 1 wird die Induktionszeit der Oxidation bei 170°C gemessen. Dabei werden die folgenden gehinderten Amine verwendet:
H-8 N,N′-Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylendiamin
H-9 N,N′-Bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-pentamethylendiamin
H-10 4-(3-Methoxypropylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinTabelle 4 Aromatisches Amin Gehindertes Amin Induktionszeit (min) - - 48 0,55 % A-1 - 86 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-8 95 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-9 96 0,45 % A-1 0,10 % H-10 89 - Wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben wird die Induktionszeit der Oxidation bei 170°C gemessen. Hierbei wird als aromatisches Amin verwendet:
- A-3
- N-(p-Octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamin
- Die Oxidationsbeständigkeit kann auch durch Messung der Viskositätszunahme bei Behandlung mit Sauerstoff bei erhöhter Temperatur gemessen werden.
- Dazu wird durch das Oel 70 Stunden bei 150°C ein Sauerstoff-Strom (1l/h) durchgeleitet. Das Oel wird vorher mit einer katalytischen Menge eines Kupfernaphthenates sensibilisiert. Die Viskosität des Oeles wird vorher und nachher mit einem Ubbelode-Viskosimeter gemessen.
Tabelle 6 Oel Prozentuale Zunahme der Viskosität Basisöl 168 % Basisöl mit Zusatz von 0,6 % A-1 und 0,15 % H-8 3,4 %
Aromatisches Amin | Gehindertes Amin | Induktionszeit (min) |
0,55 % A-3 | - | 52,8 |
0,45 % A-3 | 0,10 % H-7 | 66 |
Claims (15)
- Schmierstoffzusammensetzung, enthaltend(A) ein mineralisches oder synthetisches Basisöl oder ein Gemisch solcher Oele,(B) mindestens ein aromatisches Amin der Formel I oder II,
R² Phenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl, C₇-C₁₈-Alkoxyphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl, Methallyl, Phenyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
R⁴ C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl, -CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) oder -CH₂CH₂COO(C₄-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₈-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten und(C) mindestens ein sterisch gehindertes Amin. - Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel I oder II, worin
R¹ C₁-C₄-Alkyl, C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl, Cyclohexyl, Phenyl, C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Naphthyl bedeutet,
R² C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl oder Phenyl bedeutet,
R³ Wasserstoff, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, Benzyl, Allyl oder eine Gruppe -CH₂SR⁴ bedeutet,
R⁴ C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl oder -CH₂COO(C₈-C₁₈-Alkyl) bedeutet, und
R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H, C₁-C₁₂-Alkyl oder C₇-C₉-Phenylalkyl bedeuten. - Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel I, worin R¹ und R² unabhängig voneinander Phenyl oder C₁₀-C₁₈-Alkylphenyl bedeuten und R³ Wasserstoff ist.
- Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel II, worin R³ Wasserstoff ist und R⁵ und R⁶ unabhängig voneinander H oder C₄-C₁₂-Alkyl bedeuten.
- Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend als Komponente (B) 4,4′-Di-tert.octyl-diphenylamin, 3,7-Di-tert.octyl-phenothiazin oder ein technisches Gemisch erhalten durch Reaktion von Diphenylamin mit Diisobutylen.
- Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 6, worin R Wasserstoff ist.
- Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 6, enthaltend als Komponente (C) eine Verbindung der Formel V,
- Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend 0,1 bis 2 Gew.-% der Summe von (B) und (C), bezogen auf (A).
- Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, worin das Verhältnis von (B) zu (C) 3-5 Gewichtsteile (B) pro Gewichtsteil (C) beträgt.
- Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend
(D) ein phenolisches Antioxidans. - Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1, enthaltend
(E) ein aliphatisches oder aromatisches Phosphit oder Phosphonit. - Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung gemäss Anspruch 1 als Motorenöl.
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CH2737/88 | 1988-07-18 | ||
CH273788 | 1988-07-18 |
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EP0356677A1 EP0356677A1 (de) | 1990-03-07 |
EP0356677B1 true EP0356677B1 (de) | 1993-06-09 |
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US (1) | US5073278A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0356677B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2832541B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR970007781B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1020748C (de) |
AU (1) | AU621910B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8903526A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1334532C (de) |
DE (1) | DE58904610D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2055762T3 (de) |
MX (1) | MX169536B (de) |
SU (1) | SU1736343A3 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA895408B (de) |
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- 1989-07-14 ES ES89112951T patent/ES2055762T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-14 EP EP89112951A patent/EP0356677B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-07-17 AU AU38174/89A patent/AU621910B2/en not_active Ceased
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Cited By (3)
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US7442711B2 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2008-10-28 | Othera Holding, Inc. | Amelioration of the development of cataracts and other ophthalmic diseases |
US8383648B2 (en) | 2002-05-17 | 2013-02-26 | Colby Pharmaceutical Company | Amelioration of the development of cataracts and other ophthalmic diseases |
US7825134B2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2010-11-02 | Othera Holding, Inc. | Amelioration of cataracts, macular degeneration and other ophthalmic diseases |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP0356677A1 (de) | 1990-03-07 |
KR970007781B1 (en) | 1997-05-16 |
US5073278A (en) | 1991-12-17 |
ZA895408B (en) | 1990-03-28 |
MX169536B (es) | 1993-07-09 |
AU621910B2 (en) | 1992-03-26 |
CN1020748C (zh) | 1993-05-19 |
JP2832541B2 (ja) | 1998-12-09 |
AU3817489A (en) | 1990-01-18 |
CN1041610A (zh) | 1990-04-25 |
CA1334532C (en) | 1995-02-21 |
DE58904610D1 (de) | 1993-07-15 |
BR8903526A (pt) | 1990-03-13 |
JPH0273894A (ja) | 1990-03-13 |
SU1736343A3 (ru) | 1992-05-23 |
KR910003078A (ko) | 1991-02-26 |
ES2055762T3 (es) | 1994-09-01 |
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