CN87100443B - 受到放射性污染材料的去污过程 - Google Patents
受到放射性污染材料的去污过程 Download PDFInfo
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- CN87100443B CN87100443B CN87100443A CN87100443A CN87100443B CN 87100443 B CN87100443 B CN 87100443B CN 87100443 A CN87100443 A CN 87100443A CN 87100443 A CN87100443 A CN 87100443A CN 87100443 B CN87100443 B CN 87100443B
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- nitric acid
- potassium permanganate
- sodium carbonate
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001437 manganese ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/001—Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof
- G21F9/002—Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Control Of El Displays (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的过程主要包括：依次使受到污染的材料表面与碳酸钠溶液接触一段时间，使受到污染的材料表面与稀硝酸溶液接触，同时加高锰酸钾，再使受到污染的材料表面与乙二酸（ＣＯＯＨ－ＣＯＯＨ·２ＨＯ）接触，最后清洗和干燥所述的材料。
Description
本发明涉及的是受到放射性污染的材料去污过程，换句话说，是将放射性物质与受到放射性污染的材料分开和清除的过程。尤其是，按本发明的过程，其目的是除去与放射性物质接触后，在物体表面上产生的所谓固定污染。
众所周知，将物体的放射性粒子与受到放射性污染的物体很好地分开是非常困难的。然而，本发明提供了一种新颖的过程，该过程用化学除污法可以从材料表面有效分离和有效除去放射性物质，而不需要复杂和困难的技术。
因此，按本发明的过程主要包括：使受到污染的材料表面依次与碳酸钠溶液相接触一段时间;该表面与热稀硝酸接触一段时间同时，向其中加入高锰酸钾;再使受到污染的材料在70℃与乙二酸（COOH-COOH·2H2O）的溶液相接触;最后，清洗并干燥如此处理过的物体。
为了更好地说明本发明的特征，下面用一个没有任何限定性特点的例子，详细地叙述上述过程。
如上文所述，根据本发明的第一步，是受到污染的材料至少是需要处理的表面与碳酸钠溶液接触。然而最好使碳酸钠首先加热溶解，用这种方法即可得到强碱溶液。通过这种经过很好加热的溶液与污染表面接触即可预先除去硼，这些硼通常出现在污染表面上，并使除去材料上的放射性粒子更加困难。
碳酸钠的温度最好至少是80℃。上述进行接触期间的时间可以根据需要处理的表面的重要性和放射性污染的类型与强度进行选择，在大多数情况下，5～30分钟的接触期即足够子。
本发明的第二个步骤包括，在第一步完成以后，使受到污染的材料与加入高锰酸钾的稀硝酸相接触。但首先由加热稀硝酸开始;然后，使第一步处理的物体与这种稀硝酸接触;在这种情况下再将最好是粒状的高锰酸钾加到稀硝酸中。为了在稀硝酸和高锰酸钾之间产生良好的作用，使硝酸加热到70℃，而在高锰酸钾加入的期间内，要保持恒定的循环。由本发明的第二个步骤，可以使高锰酸根离子（MnO- 4）固定到污染的粒子，这一点可由处理过的材料表面显示黑的颜色得到证明。
加到稀硝酸中高锰酸钾的量，与在第二步中使要处理的材料保持与有关物质接触期的长短，可根据要处理材料的大小、表面，以及放射性污染的种类，强度进行选择。但，以每1000升稀硝酸加入1公斤高锰酸钾的比例为好。
本发明的第三个步骤是，在第二步已完成之后，使受到污染的材料与乙二酸溶液相接触。最好是在提高温度的情况下进行接触，这样做的优点是，发生在本步骤期间内的过程的反应速度可大大提高。在本发明过程的第三步期间内，可以实现使高锰酸根离子和放射性污染粒子与需要处理的材料表面分开，如看到，要处理的材料出现了灰白的表面那么乙二酸溶液已足够强，由此可以说明，表面上没有留下高锰酸钾的痕迹。然而，最好使采用的浓度这样选择，一方面与乙二酸溶液的量有关，另一方面与第二步所述的混合物，即稀硝酸与高锰酸钾的混合物有关，以便得到中性的产物。
按本发明的第四步，即最后一步，是清洗和干燥处理过的材料，清洗步骤是用软水完成的。
但是，如果在清洗前发现，污染仍很严重，那么，用增加高锰酸钾和乙二酸的方法还可以按本发明所述过程的第二步第三步至少重复处理一次。
使受到污染的物体与上述溶液进行良好的接触最好用浸入法。因此，根据本发明的过程对于较小的工具和器件的去污是非常方便的，例如实验室中的工具和器件。然而并不排除本发明也适用于大型受到污染的物体，此时物体与各种溶液的接触可以通过湿蒸法或其它的表面处理法完成。
按照本发明，若有需要，各种残渣物也可整批地除去。
用正确的混合比混合这些残渣，实际上可以得到中性（pH＝7）的混合物，其优点在于，可以处理核装置的循环废水，而不用担心会产生损害，妨碍或其它缺点的危险。
很明显，实现上述过程可有许多变化，而可以采用各种浓度、混合比和接触时间，但并未脱离本发明的范围。
Claims (9)
1、受到放射性污染的材料的去污过程;该过程包括：依次使受到污染的材料表面与碳酸钠溶液接触一段时间，使受到污染的材料表面与含高锰酸钾的稀硝酸溶液接触，使受到污染的表面与乙二酸（COOH-COOH·2HO）溶液接触一段时间，最后清洗和干燥所述的材料，其特征在于所述碳酸钠溶液应预先加热，所述稀硝酸溶液的温度约为70℃，所说乙二酸溶液也应加热。
2、根据权利要求1所述的过程，其特征在于所用的碳酸钠溶液温度超过80℃。
3、根据权利要求1所述的过程，其特征在于，受污染的材料表面与碳酸钠溶液接触时间是在5～30分钟范围内。
4、根据权利要求1所述的过程，其特征在于，采用的稀硝酸的温度约为70℃。
5、根据权利要求1所述的过程，其特征在于，高锰酸钾是以每1000升1公斤的比例加入的。
6、根据权利要求1所述的过程，其特征在于，高锰酸钾是以粒状形式加到稀硝酸中的。
7、根据权利要求1所述的过程，其特征在于，如果用乙二酸溶液处理以后，仍存在较大的污染，则两种处理步骤至少可以重复一次，一种是用稀硝酸，另一种是用乙二酸，而且
当重复上述两种步骤时，至少增大高锰酸钾的浓度。
8、根据权利要求1所述的过程，其特征在于，处理污染的材料所得到的任何残存物可用这样的方式进行混合，使产生的混合物实际上是中性的（pH＝7）。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE904139 | 1986-01-30 | ||
| BE904,139 | 1986-01-30 | ||
| BE8660917A BE904139A (nl) | 1986-01-30 | 1986-01-30 | Werkwijze voor de decontaminatie van radioaktief besmette materialen. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN87100443A CN87100443A (zh) | 1987-08-12 |
| CN87100443B true CN87100443B (zh) | 1988-11-16 |
Family
ID=25661056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN87100443A Expired CN87100443B (zh) | 1986-01-30 | 1987-01-26 | 受到放射性污染材料的去污过程 |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4690782A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0242449B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPS62217200A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR900007747B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN87100443B (zh) |
| AT (1) | ATE59113T1 (zh) |
| BE (1) | BE904139A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA1270428A (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE3676192D1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES8707626A1 (zh) |
| FI (1) | FI861434A (zh) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0355628B1 (de) * | 1988-08-24 | 1993-11-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur chemischen Dekontamination der Oberfläche eines metallischen Bauteils einer Kernreaktoranlage |
| US5205999A (en) * | 1991-09-18 | 1993-04-27 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Actinide dissolution |
| US5322644A (en) * | 1992-01-03 | 1994-06-21 | Bradtec-Us, Inc. | Process for decontamination of radioactive materials |
| GB9222590D0 (en) * | 1992-10-27 | 1992-12-09 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | The treatment of solid organic wastes |
| FR2699936B1 (fr) * | 1992-12-24 | 1995-01-27 | Electricite De France | Procédé de dissolution d'oxydes déposés sur un substrat métallique. |
| US5640703A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1997-06-17 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Treatment of solid wastes |
| GB9709882D0 (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1997-07-09 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | A method for cleaning radioactively contaminated material |
| JP3809577B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-03 | 2006-08-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 放射性物質除染方法及び放射性物質除染装置 |
| US10056163B2 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2018-08-21 | Siempelkamp NIS Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH | Method for dissolving an oxide layer |
| CN102626605B (zh) * | 2012-04-13 | 2014-04-23 | 天津位一新材料科技有限公司 | 去除水中放射性元素的材料及制备和使用方法 |
| DE102013102331B3 (de) | 2013-03-08 | 2014-07-03 | Horst-Otto Bertholdt | Verfahren zum Abbau einer Oxidschicht |
| KR102378652B1 (ko) | 2017-02-14 | 2022-03-28 | 짐펠캄프 니스 인제니어게젤샤프트 엠베하 | 방사성핵종 함유 산화물 층의 분해 방법 |
| CN114684904A (zh) * | 2020-12-25 | 2022-07-01 | 中核四0四有限公司 | 一种通过提高酸度除去草酸的方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1074357B (de) * | 1960-01-28 | Mctallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt/M | Alkalisch reagierende, entfettende Reiniger für Metalle | |
| DE1546163A1 (de) * | 1965-03-13 | 1970-04-16 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren zur Entfernung von OElkohle und anderen organischen Verunreinigungen von Metalloberflaechen |
| US3496017A (en) * | 1966-04-28 | 1970-02-17 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method and composition for decontamination of stainless steel surfaces |
| US3615817A (en) * | 1969-02-04 | 1971-10-26 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method of decontaminating radioactive metal surfaces |
| US3778309A (en) * | 1971-06-25 | 1973-12-11 | Int Nickel Co | Descaling process for alloys containing chromium |
| DE2333516C3 (de) * | 1973-07-02 | 1979-05-03 | Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh, 7500 Karlsruhe | Dekontaminationsmittel für metallische Oberflächen und Verfahren zum Dekontaminieren unter Verwendung derselben |
| DE2613351C3 (de) * | 1976-03-29 | 1982-03-25 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Verfahren zur chemischen Dekontamination von metallischen Bauteilen von Kernreaktoranlagen |
| US4145396A (en) * | 1976-05-03 | 1979-03-20 | Rockwell International Corporation | Treatment of organic waste |
| US4226640A (en) * | 1978-10-26 | 1980-10-07 | Kraftwerk Union Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the chemical decontamination of nuclear reactor components |
| EP0071336B1 (en) * | 1981-06-17 | 1986-03-26 | Central Electricity Generating Board | Process for the chemical dissolution of oxide deposits |
| JPS5873777A (ja) * | 1981-10-26 | 1983-05-04 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | ステンレス鋼の酸洗方法 |
| US4474541A (en) * | 1983-06-10 | 1984-10-02 | Tecumseh Products Company | Internal crankcase support for a radial compressor |
| JPS6057299A (ja) * | 1983-09-09 | 1985-04-03 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 汚染された金属材料の洗浄方法 |
-
1986
- 1986-01-30 BE BE8660917A patent/BE904139A/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-28 DE DE8686200529T patent/DE3676192D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-03-28 AT AT86200529T patent/ATE59113T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-28 EP EP86200529A patent/EP0242449B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-04-01 CA CA000505541A patent/CA1270428A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-03 FI FI861434A patent/FI861434A/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-04-03 US US06/847,776 patent/US4690782A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-14 ES ES553963A patent/ES8707626A1/es not_active Expired
-
1987
- 1987-01-26 CN CN87100443A patent/CN87100443B/zh not_active Expired
- 1987-01-26 JP JP8715899A patent/JPS62217200A/ja active Pending
- 1987-01-28 KR KR1019870000666A patent/KR900007747B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4690782A (en) | 1987-09-01 |
| KR900007747B1 (ko) | 1990-10-19 |
| BE904139A (nl) | 1986-05-15 |
| CA1270428A (en) | 1990-06-19 |
| ATE59113T1 (de) | 1990-12-15 |
| ES8707626A1 (es) | 1987-08-01 |
| EP0242449B1 (en) | 1990-12-12 |
| EP0242449A1 (en) | 1987-10-28 |
| FI861434A0 (fi) | 1986-04-03 |
| JPS62217200A (ja) | 1987-09-24 |
| CN87100443A (zh) | 1987-08-12 |
| ES553963A0 (es) | 1987-08-01 |
| DE3676192D1 (de) | 1991-01-24 |
| FI861434A (fi) | 1987-07-31 |
| KR870007528A (ko) | 1987-08-19 |
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