CN216118212U - 光学系统 - Google Patents
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
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- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0015—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/002—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces
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- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种光学系统,其包括具有用于通过内反射导引图像光的一对平行的主外表面以及横向的耦入表面的光导光学元件(LOE)。图像投影器包括棱镜,该棱镜具有与照明装置相关联的第一表面、与反射式空间光调制器(SLM)相关联的第二表面、具有四分之一波片和反射准直透镜的第三表面以及在光学上耦接至光导光学元件的耦入表面的第四表面。偏振分束器(PBS)布置在棱镜内,以限定从照明装置经由空间光调制器和准直透镜到光导光学元件的耦入表面的光路。棱镜的第五表面形成光导光学元件的主外表面中的一个主外表面的延续。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种光学系统,并且特别地,本实用新型涉及耦接至作为显示系统的一部分的光导光学元件(LOE)的图像投影器。
背景技术
许多近眼显示系统包括放置在用户眼睛之前的透明光导光学元件或“波导”,光导光学元件或“波导”通过内反射在光导光学元件内传送图像,并且然后在一维或二维上实现光学孔径扩展并且通过合适的输出耦接机构朝向用户的眼睛耦出图像。孔径扩展和输出耦接机构可以基于嵌入式部分反射器或“小平面”,或者可以采用衍射光学元件。
实用新型内容
本实用新型涉及一种光学系统。
根据本实用新型的实施方式的教导,提供了一种光学系统,该光学系统包括:(a)光导光学元件,光导光学元件具有一对平行的主外表面,主外表面用于通过主外表面处的内反射导引图像光,光导光学元件具有横向的耦入表面;以及(b)图像投影器,该图像投影器包括棱镜,该棱镜具有:(i)第一表面,该第一表面与照明装置相关联;(ii)第二表面,该第二表面与反射式空间光调制器(SLM)相关联;(iii)第三表面,该第三表面具有四分之一波片和反射准直透镜;(iv)第四表面,该第四表面在光学上耦接至光导光学元件的耦入表面;(v)偏振分束器(PBS),该偏振分束器布置在棱镜内以限定光路,使得来自照明装置的照明将空间光调制器照明,并且使得来自空间光调制器的反射图像照明被准直透镜准直并且朝向耦入表面引导;(vi)第五表面,该第五表面不平行于第一表面、第二表面、第三表面和第四表面中的所有表面,第五表面与光导光学元件的主外表面中的一个主外表面共面并且在光学上连续,其中,由准直透镜准直的图像照明的一部分在到达耦入表面之前在第五表面处被内反射。
根据本实用新型的实施方式的其他特征,偏振分束器被部署成将来自照明装置的照明朝向空间光调制器反射,将从空间光调制器反射的反射图像照明朝向准直透镜传输,并且将来自准直透镜的准直图像照明朝向耦入表面反射。
根据本实用新型的实施方式的其他特征,第二表面和第三表面与第五表面倾斜地成角度。
根据本实用新型的实施方式的其他特征,第二表面平行于第三表面。
根据本实用新型的实施方式的其他特征,第三表面与第五表面形成在50度至70度之间的角度。
根据本实用新型的实施方式的其他特征,空间光调制器是硅基液晶(LCOS)芯片。
根据本实用新型的实施方式的其他特征,偏振分束器被部署成将来自照明装置的照明朝向空间光调制器传输,将来自空间光调制器的反射图像照明朝向准直透镜反射,并且将来自准直透镜的准直图像照明朝向耦入表面传输。
附图说明
本文仅通过示例参照附图描述了本实用新型,在附图中:
图1A和图1B是使用根据本实用新型的教导构造和操作的光导光学元件实现的光学系统的示意性等距视图,分别示出了自顶向下投射配置和侧向投射配置;
图2是示出了耦接至光导光学元件的图像投影器的定位的图1A的光导光学元件的实现方式的示意性前视图;
图3是图2的图像投影器的示意性放大等距视图;
图4是图3的图像投影器的侧视图;
图5是沿着图4中的线V-V截取的示意性横截面图;
图6是图2的图像投影器的替代性实现方式的侧视图;以及
图7是沿着图6中的线VII-VII截取的示意性横截面图。
具体实施方式
本实用新型的某些实施方式提供了包括耦接至光导光学元件的图像投影器的光学系统。
在图1A和图1B中示意性地图示了根据本实用新型的实施方式的教导的呈采用光导光学元件12的近眼显示器——通常被指定为10——的形式的装置的示例性实现方式。近眼显示器10采用光学地耦接成将图像投射到光导光学元件(可互换地被称为“波导”、“基板”或“平板”)12中的紧凑型图像投影器(或“POD”)14,在光导光学元件12内,图像光通过一组相互平行的平坦外表面处的内反射而在一个维度中被捕获。
光导光学元件通常包括如下装置:其用于在一维或二维上扩展投射图像的光学孔径,以及用于通常基于内部部分反射表面的使用或基于衍射光学元件将图像照明朝向观察者的眼睛耦出。在图2中进一步示意性地图示的一组非限制性实现方式中,从图像投影器14投射到光导光学元件12中的光射向一组彼此平行并且相对于图像光的传播方向斜向倾斜的部分反射表面(可互换地被称为“小平面”)17,其中,每个相继的小平面使图像光的一部分偏转成偏转方向,其也在基板内通过内反射被捕获/引导。该第一组小平面17未在图1A和图1B中单独图示,而是位于光导光学元件的被指定为16的第一区域中,并且在图2中示意性地示出。在相继的小平面处的这种部分反射实现了第一维度的光学孔径扩展。在本实用新型的第一组优选但非限制性示例中,前面提及的小平面17组与基板的主外表面正交。在该情况下,投射图像及其在区域16内传播时经历内反射的其共轭均被偏转并且成为沿偏转方向传播的共轭图像。在替代性的一组优选但非限制性示例中,第一组部分反射表面17相对于光导光学元件的主外表面倾斜地成角度。在后一种情况下,投射图像或其共轭形成在光导光学元件内传播的所需偏转图像,而另一反射可以例如通过在小平面上采用角度选择涂层来最小化,角度选择涂层使得小平面对于由不需要其反射的图像呈现的入射角的范围相对透明。
第一组部分反射表面将图像照明从通过全内反射(TIR)被捕获在基板内的传播的第一方向偏转到也通过全内反射被捕获在基板内的传播的第二方向。
然后,经偏转的图像照明进入基板的第二区域18,可以将该基板的第二区域18实现为相邻的不同基板或者实现为单个基板的延续,在基板的第二区域18中,耦出装置(另一组部分反射小平面19或衍射光学元件)逐渐将图像照明的一部分朝向位于被限定为眼动箱(eye-motion box,EMB)的区域内的观察者的眼睛耦出,从而实现第二维度的光学孔径扩展。整体装置可以针对每个眼睛单独实现,并且优选地相对于用户的头部被支承,其中,每个光导光学元件12面对用户的对应眼睛。在如此处所示的一个特别优选的选择中,将支承装置实现为具有用于相对于用户的耳朵来支承装置的侧部20的眼镜框架。也可以使用其他形式的支承装置,包括但不限于头带、面罩或悬挂在头盔上的装置。
本文在附图和权利要求书中参照X轴和Y轴,其中,X轴沿光导光学元件的第一区域的大体延伸方向水平(图1A)或竖向(图1B)延伸,并且Y轴垂直于X轴延伸,即,在图1A中竖向延伸并且在图1B中水平延伸。
以非常粗略的术语而言,可以认为第一光导光学元件、或光导光学元件12的第一区域16在X方向上实现孔径扩展,而第二光导光学元件、或光导光学元件12的第二区域18在Y方向上实现孔径扩展。应当注意的是,如图1A中所示的取向可以被视为“自顶向下”实现方式,在该实现方式中进入光导光学元件的主要(第二区域)的图像照明从上边缘进入,而图1B中所示的取向可以被视为“侧向投射”实现方式,在该实现方式中水平部署此处被称为Y轴的轴。在其余附图中,将在“自顶向下”取向的背景下示出本实用新型的某些实施方式的各种特征,类似于图1A。然而,应当理解的是,所有这些特征同样适用于也落入本实用新型的范围内的侧向投射实现方式。在某些情况下,其他中间取向也是适用的,并且除非明确被排除,否则其他中间取向也包括在本实用新型的范围内。
应当理解的是,近眼显示器10包括各种附加部件,通常包括用于致动图像投影器14的控制器22,其通常采用来自小型板载电池(未示出)或一些其他合适的电源的电力。应当理解的是,控制器22包括用于驱动图像投影器的所有必需的电子部件,例如至少一个处理器或处理电路,所有这些均为本领域已知的。
本实用新型的教导主要涉及图像投影器14的实现方式以及图像投影器14与光导光学元件12在光学上耦接的方式。在图3至图7中示出了根据本实用新型的某些实施方式的教导的图像投影器14的放大详细视图。
在图3至图5中图示了实现方式图像投影器14。图像投影器产生准直图像,在准直图像中每个图像像素的光是准直到无穷远的平行光束,其中,角度方向对应于像素位置。因此,图像照明跨越与两个维度中的角视场对应的角度范围。
最小化基于空间光调制器比如硅基液晶芯片的图像投影器的光学尺寸包括组合以下三个功能:
1.为硅基液晶照明
2.准直从硅基液晶反射的图像
3.将耦接棱镜组合成波导
在需要短焦距进行图像准直的情况下,组合上述所有功能尤其具有挑战性。图3至图5示出了双通棱镜可以如何通过将偏振分束器平面设置为与波导平面近似垂直(90度±20度)来组合上述功能。图3示出了这种光学装置的等距视图。照明入口用粗箭头标记。偏振分束器平面是标记为350的阴影平面,并且准直反射透镜是352。棱镜356的底平面是发生全内反射的平面,并且是波导12的延续。波导的入口358位于棱镜的侧面。明显的是,偏振分束器350平面沿着线357几乎垂直(90度±20度)穿过全内反射平面356。
图5的俯视图示出了光束在棱镜内的传播。照明由偏振分束器350反射到硅基液晶上。来自硅基液晶的反射图像(此处仅显示为来自单个图像像素的光束的箭头)朝向反射透镜352反射并且穿过偏振分束器350而没有来自棱镜侧面的反射。来自硅基液晶的准直光束由偏振分束器反射到波导入口358孔径上。这些光束中的一些光束在偏振分束器反射360P1之后经历全内反射360T1,而其他光束在偏振分束器反射360P2之后经历全内反射360T2,并且还有一些其他光束(未示出)在到达波导入口358之前不经历全内反射。为了清楚起见,图4的侧视图示出了相同的光束,但仅示出了偏振分束器反射。
因此,此处图示的图像投影器14采用棱镜,棱镜具有与由箭头302示意性表示的照明装置相关联的第一表面300、与反射空间光调制器306相关联的第二表面304、具有四分之一波片和反射准直透镜352的第三表面308、以及在光学上耦接至光导光学元件12的耦入表面(入口)358的第四表面310。偏振分束器350布置在棱镜内以限定光路,使得来自照明装置302的照明将空间光调制器306照明,并且使得来自空间光调制器306的反射图像照明被准直透镜352准直并且朝向耦入表面358引导。
图像投影器14的棱镜还具有第五表面356,第五表面356不平行于第一表面300、第二表面304、第三表面308和第四表面310中的所有表面。本实用新型的某些优选实现方式的特定特征在于,第五表面356与光导光学元件12的主外表面中的一个主外表面共面并且在光学上连续。由准直透镜352准直的图像照明的一部分优选地在到达耦入表面358之前在第五表面356处被内反射。
在此处图示的实现方式中,偏振分束器350被部署成将来自照明装置的照明朝向空间光调制器306反射,将从空间光调制器反射的反射图像照明朝向准直透镜352传输,并且将来自准直透镜的准直图像照明朝向耦入表面358反射。
照明源302可以是本领域已知的任何合适的照明源,包括但不限于LED和激光二极管。照明源可以包括可以快速切换的不同颜色的源,以便在视频的单个帧周期内照明分色图像,从而生成彩色图像。照明源可以包括用于引导和/或均匀照明的各种光学部件,所有这些都是本领域已知的。照明源还优选地包括偏振器以确保输入照明相对于偏振分束器350是S偏振的,从而避免输入照明直接朝向波导泄漏。
如图4中最佳观察的,第二表面304和第三表面308优选地与第五表面356倾斜地成角度,并且第二表面304优选地平行于第三表面308。准直透镜352的光学轴线优选地限定投影图像的主光线相对于第五表面356和光导光学元件12的主外表面的倾角的角度,从而限定图像投射到波导中的角度的倾斜。这种配置对于相对较浅的投射角度特别有效。第三表面308的优选示例性取向与第五表面356形成在50度至70度之间的角度,优选地对应于图像的主光线相对于波导的主外表面的在20度至40度的倾角。
图6和图7图示了图像投影器14的替代性配置,其中,等效部件被类似地标记。与图3至图5的实现方式的有关偏振分束器350的反射-透射-反射光路相反,图6和图7的实现方式采用有关偏振分束器的透射-反射-透射光路。
具体地,如图7中最佳观察到的,偏振分束器350在此处被部署成将来自照明装置302的照明朝向空间光调制器306传输,将来自空间光调制器的反射图像照明朝向准直透镜352反射,并且将来自准直透镜的准直图像照明朝向耦入表面358传输。在这种情况下,照明装置302的偏振器被实现成产生相对于偏振分束器350的P偏振。偏振分束器350和第二面304的倾斜角度和/或空间光调制器306在第二面上的取向可以被调节,以便将空间光调制器与准直透镜352的光学轴线正确对准。
在所有其他方面,图6和图7的实现方式的结构和操作将通过与如上所述的图3至图5的实现方式的结构和操作类似而被完全理解。
应当理解的是,以上描述仅旨在用作示例,并且在所附权利要求书中限定的本实用新型的范围内,许多其他实施方式是可能的。
Claims (7)
1.一种光学系统,其特征在于,包括:
(a)光导光学元件,所述光导光学元件具有一对平行的主外表面,所述主外表面用于通过所述主外表面处的内反射导引图像光,所述光导光学元件具有横向的耦入表面;以及
(b)图像投影器,所述图像投影器包括棱镜,所述棱镜具有:
(i)第一表面,所述第一表面与照明装置相关联;
(ii)第二表面,所述第二表面与反射式空间光调制器相关联;
(iii)第三表面,所述第三表面具有四分之一波片和反射准直透镜;
(iv)第四表面,所述第四表面在光学上耦接至所述光导光学元件的所述耦入表面;
(v)偏振分束器,所述偏振分束器布置在所述棱镜内以限定光路,使得来自所述照明装置的照明将所述空间光调制器照明,并且使得来自所述空间光调制器的反射图像照明被所述准直透镜准直并且朝向所述耦入表面引导;以及
(vi)第五表面,所述第五表面不平行于所述第一表面、所述第二表面、所述第三表面和所述第四表面中的所有表面,所述第五表面与所述光导光学元件的所述主外表面中的一个主外表面共面并且在光学上连续,其中,由所述准直透镜准直的所述图像照明的一部分在到达所述耦入表面之前在所述第五表面处被内反射。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,所述偏振分束器被部署成将来自所述照明装置的照明朝向所述空间光调制器反射,将从所述空间光调制器反射的反射图像照明朝向所述准直透镜传输,并且将来自所述准直透镜的准直图像照明朝向所述耦入表面反射。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,所述第二表面和所述第三表面与所述第五表面倾斜地成角度。
4.根据权利要求3所述的光学系统,其特征在于,所述第二表面平行于所述第三表面。
5.根据权利要求3所述的光学系统,其特征在于,所述第三表面与所述第五表面形成在50度至70度之间的角度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,所述空间光调制器是硅基液晶芯片。
7.根据权利要求1所述的光学系统,其特征在于,所述偏振分束器被部署成将来自所述照明装置的照明朝向所述空间光调制器传输,将来自所述空间光调制器的反射图像照明朝向所述准直透镜反射,并且将来自所述准直透镜的准直图像照明朝向所述耦入表面传输。
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US20220082838A1 (en) | 2022-03-17 |
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