CN213153234U - Flue-cured tobacco does not connect light high-efficient cultivation system of railway carriage or compartment in membrane - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco does not connect light high-efficient cultivation system of railway carriage or compartment in membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN213153234U CN213153234U CN202021645679.7U CN202021645679U CN213153234U CN 213153234 U CN213153234 U CN 213153234U CN 202021645679 U CN202021645679 U CN 202021645679U CN 213153234 U CN213153234 U CN 213153234U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a flue-cured tobacco does not connect membrane to go up railway carriage or compartment light letter high-efficient cultivation system belongs to crop cultivation equipment technical field, concretely relates to planting cultivation equipment technical field of flue-cured tobacco to the solution connects labour and big agricultural conflict during membrane to go up the railway carriage or compartment, and the recruitment is big, leads to the defect that planting cost is high, including ridge and water injection system, water injection system is including being located the water supply mechanism of ridge one side, with water supply mechanism intercommunication just is located the spout area pipe on ridge upper portion is located a plurality of hole for water sprayings of spout area pipe both sides and being located spout the plastic film on area pipe upper portion, the plastic film is spread on the upper portion on every ridge. According to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco, the fertilizer release amount in the soil is controlled by the cooperation of the water spray amount control and rainfall conditions at different periods under the film, the effects of integrating water and benefiting and avoiding harm are achieved, a simple and efficient cultivation mode without connecting the film to an upper compartment is achieved, and the water and fertilizer supply at a key period in the flue-cured tobacco cultivation is ensured while the labor for cultivating the flue-cured tobacco is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model provides a flue-cured tobacco does not connect light simple high-efficient cultivation system in membrane upper part railway carriage or compartment, the utility model belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation equipment, concretely relates to planting cultivation equipment technical field of flue-cured tobacco.
Background
At present, the flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode in China is mainly a cultivation mode of applying a layer before ridging or covering a film after ring application after ridging, transplanting tobacco seedlings in 15 days 4-5-15 days, adding water and irrigating for 2 times after transplanting, and inoculating a film to a compartment after 25-35 days and applying additional fertilizer.
However, as rural labor is gradually shifted to cities, the cultivation mode of planting 3-5 mu per household is changed to the mode of intensively cultivating 30-200 mu in a tobacco specialized household or a cooperative society, which brings new problems to the cultivation of the flue-cured tobacco. The flue-cured tobacco cultivation is a labor-intensive industry, 20-25 workers are needed for each mu of flue-cured tobacco cultivation, a special planting owner needs to pay 500 yuan per mu of land charge, drought occurs after tobacco seedlings are transplanted, the times of manual irrigation for seedling survival are increased, the labor force conflicts with the large agriculture during the film-grafting and box-loading period, the labor cost (the labor cost of 130 yuan per mu of charge 140 yuan) rises, and the like, so that the flue-cured tobacco cultivation cost is continuously increased; the flue-cured tobacco grows for 30 days after the film is inoculated and loaded, and the growth vigor of tobacco plants has great influence on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves and the planting benefit. However, in the key period, no rainfall or adverse extreme climate of continuous rainfall often occurs for more than 15 days, the production quality of tobacco leaves is difficult to be effectively guaranteed, and some planters have great loss, so that the income and the planting enthusiasm of flue-cured tobacco planters are reduced and bruised. When the weather of no rainfall occurs for more than 15 continuous days, the fertilizer in the soil can not be dissolved and absorbed by the flue-cured tobacco, the biomass of the flue-cured tobacco is small, and the nitrogen after-transfer has great influence on the late yellowing of the tobacco leaves, thus seriously influencing the quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves; if continuous rainfall climate occurs, the leaching loss of fertilizer in soil is increased, especially potassium is seriously reduced in effectiveness, so that the accumulation of nutrient substances in tobacco leaves is reduced, and the quality of the tobacco leaves is influenced.
The flue-cured tobacco cultivation in the prior art has the technical problems that: 1. the labor amount is large, and the labor force conflicts with large agriculture during film splicing and carriage loading, so that the planting cost is high; 2. under the condition of drought or rainy unfavorable climate, the practical production problems of low tobacco yield, low quality, great reduction of planting benefit and the like are caused by poor water and fertilizer supply and serious fertilizer loss after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted and in the key period of vigorous growth.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to provide a: the utility model provides a flue-cured tobacco does not connect membrane to go up light simple and efficient cultivation system of railway carriage or compartment to solve prior art, the labour conflicts with big agriculture during connecing membrane to go up the railway carriage or compartment, and the amount of labour used is big, leads to the defect that planting cost is high.
The utility model adopts the technical scheme as follows:
the flue-cured tobacco cultivation system comprises ridges and a water spraying system, wherein the water spraying system comprises a water supply mechanism positioned on one side of the ridges, a water spraying pipe communicated with the water supply mechanism and positioned on the upper parts of the ridges, a plurality of water spraying holes positioned on two sides of the water spraying pipe and a mulching film positioned on the upper parts of the water spraying pipe, and the mulching film is paved on the upper parts of each ridge.
When the tobacco seedling transplanting machine is used, after a mulching film is laid, tobacco seedlings are transplanted, when water needs to be sprayed, the water supply mechanism sprays water into the water spraying belt pipe, the water spraying belt pipe is bulged under the pressure of water flow, water flows out from the water spraying holes to water tobacco and surrounding soil, meanwhile, according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, the fertilizer release amount in the soil is controlled through the cooperation of the water spraying amount control and rainfall amount conditions in different periods under the film, the good effects of integrating water and helping to avoid harm are achieved, a light, simple and efficient cultivation mode without connecting the upper chamber of the film is achieved, the water and fertilizer supply in a key period in the cultivation process of flue-cured tobacco is ensured while the labor for cultivation of the flue-cured tobacco is reduced, and effective technical guarantee is provided for stable yield and quality improvement.
Furthermore, the ridges are provided with a plurality of water spraying pipes, and each water spraying pipe is positioned at the upper part of each ridge. The amount of the water spray belt pipe is prepared according to the number of the flue-cured tobacco ridges.
Furthermore, plastic clips are arranged on each water spraying belt pipe every 2-4m and inserted into soil to fix the water spraying belt pipes.
Furthermore, plastic clips are arranged on each water spraying belt pipe every 3 m.
Furthermore, the water supply mechanism comprises a water supply barrel, a water supply main pipe communicated with the water supply barrel, a water supply branch pipe communicated with the water supply main pipe and a first water suction pump connected with the water supply main pipe, and the water supply main pipe is communicated with each water spraying pipe.
Furthermore, a water supply hose is communicated with the water supply barrel and is positioned between the water supply main pipe and the water supply branch pipe and communicated with the water supply main pipe and the water supply branch pipe.
Furthermore, the water supply mechanism includes the cistern, with the delivery pipe of cistern intercommunication, with the water supply branch pipe of delivery pipe intercommunication and being located second suction pump on the delivery pipe, water supply branch pipe and every spout water piping intercommunication.
The application of the flue-cured tobacco non-film-connected upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system in the flue-cured tobacco non-film-connected upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 5, after transplanting, spraying water for the first time to ensure the survival rate of tobacco seedlings, wherein the first water spraying time on each ridge is within 1 minute; spraying water for 0-4 times 30-35 days after transplanting, wherein the water spraying time on each ridge is 1-4 minutes each time; 30-60 days after transplanting, spraying water for 2-4 times, wherein the time for spraying water on each ridge for each time is 5-15 minutes.
In the application, a film covering machine covers the film, after the film is covered with soil, the two sides of the mulching film are 5-7cm away from the bottom of a ridge, so that the soil in the mulching film has an air convection layer, the growth and development of a root system are not influenced, and if the two sides of the mulching film are compacted by the soil to the bottom of the ridge, the root system cannot develop well due to insufficient oxygen in the growth process of the root system; in high-temperature weather, the heat dissipation and convection of the soil under the film are poor, the tobacco leaf surfaces are easy to have the phenomenon of reverse rolling and the like.
Further, in the step 2, the fertilization comprises a ring fertilization method or a strip fertilization method, wherein the ring fertilization is circular fertilization at a distance of 5-8cm from the periphery of the tobacco seedling, the strip fertilization is fertilization after a strip ditch with a width of 5-8cm and a depth of 10-15 cm is opened at one side or two sides of 5-8cm from the tobacco seedling, and the strip fertilization can adopt a mechanical ditching fertilization earthing mode.
Furthermore, the mulching film is a black-white mulching film, the black film is arranged on two sides of the black-white mulching film, the white film is arranged in the center of the black-white mulching film, and the black-white mulching film is beneficial to inhibiting the growth of weeds on two sides of the ridge.
Further, the mulching film is a white mulching film.
Further, in the step 2, 60-80kg of granular organic fertilizer is applied to each mu at one time, and 70-90kg of granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied to each mu.
Further, the preparation method of the granular organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. the raw materials are mechanically and uniformly mixed, the water content is adjusted to be 55-65%, and the raw materials comprise, by weight, 40-50 parts of mushroom dregs, 20-30 parts of oil cake, 20-30 parts of dried cow dung, 10-20 parts of straw powder, 1-2 parts of urea and 0.2-0.5 part of zymophyte;
b. fermenting in a groove type fermentation tank with a ventilation and air extraction device for 10-20 days in a closed manner, and automatically turning for 3-5 times by using a crawler-type turning machine during the fermentation period;
c. drying, cooling, crushing and screening the fermented material to prepare an organic material with the fineness of 30-60 meshes;
d. adding monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, amino acid, humic acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid and bentonite for granulation, wherein the granulation raw material comprises, by weight, 70-80 parts of organic materials, 2.5-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5-5 parts of amino acid, 2.5-5 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of boric acid and 6-10 parts of bentonite, and during granulation, the organic materials, the bentonite, the potassium sulfate and the monoammonium phosphate premix are respectively fed from four different feeding ports, and during granulation, hot steam is introduced for granulation;
e. drying, sieving to obtain organic fertilizer granules with a particle size of 3-5mm, spraying anti-caking agent on the surface, and air drying.
The preparation method of the granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. the slow-release master batch fertilizer comprises the following raw materials of monoammonium phosphate (N11, P) in parts by weight2O544)11-13 parts of potassium nitrate (N13, K)2O44.5)12-14 parts, potassium sulfate (K)2O50), 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-1.5 parts of boric acid, 24-28 parts of organic matters and 6-10 parts of bentonite; wherein monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid premix, bentonite and organic matters are respectively fed from six different feeding ports;
B. according to the weight parts, all the raw materials are input into a mixer and then crushed, then input into a granulation cylinder for high-temperature steam granulation, drying, cooling, screening and spraying a diaphragm layer for air drying to prepare the slow-release master batch fertilizer with the particle size of 2-4mm, wherein the diaphragm layer is prepared by mixing 25% of xanthan gum and 75% of polyvinyl alcohol and dissolving in cold water according to the proportion of water to materials of 1: 100;
C. spraying quick-acting nutrient slurry on the outer layer of the slow-release master batch fertilizer, wherein the material in the slurry comprises ammonium phosphate nitrate (N32, P) according to the weight portion2O54)26-28 parts of monoammonium phosphate (N11, P)2O544)15-17 parts of potassium nitrate (N13.5, K)2O44)24-26 parts, potassium sulfate (P)2O550)17 to 19 portions of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 to 3.5 portions of,0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of boric acid, 6-8 parts of amino acid and 4-6 parts of humic acid;
D. pouring other materials except zinc sulfate into a slurry dissolving tank for stirring and dissolving, heating the water body by hot steam, wherein the highest temperature is not more than 80, and the ratio of the materials to water is 1: 0.5-1, adding zinc sulfate after the poured raw materials are dissolved to further dissolve the raw materials to prepare saturated solution, filtering the dissolved slurry by using a 100-mesh metal screen, inputting the filtered slurry into a slurry storage tank to be stored at a constant temperature of 60-70 ℃, blocking a spray head after crystallization is generated after the temperature is reduced because the slurry is supersaturated liquid, and spraying and cooling the slurry on the master batch fertilizer for at least 3 times by using a spraying cylinder to obtain a semi-finished product;
E. and drying, cooling and spraying an anti-caking agent on the semi-finished product to obtain the granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Further, a roller or disc granulation method is adopted to prepare the slow-release organic-inorganic compound potassium fertilizer with the particle size of 2-4mm, the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 32 percent, the content of N is 3-4 percent, and P is P2O5Content 4-6%, K222-25% of O, 20-22% of organic matter and medium and trace elements.
Further, the particle size of the particle organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 3-5mm, the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 36 percent, wherein the content of N is 3-4 percent, and P is2O5Content 4-6%, K2The content of O is 22-25%.
Furthermore, plastic clips are arranged on each water spraying belt pipe every 2-4m and inserted into soil to fix the water spraying belt pipes.
Furthermore, plastic clamps are arranged on each water spraying belt pipe every 3 m. The plastic clip may be separate or may be provided on the spout strip.
Furthermore, the water supply mechanism comprises a water supply barrel, a water supply main pipe communicated with the water supply barrel, a water supply branch pipe communicated with the water supply main pipe and a first water suction pump connected with the water supply main pipe, and the water supply main pipe is communicated with each water spraying pipe.
Still further, the water supply barrel is communicated with a water supply hose, and the water supply hose is positioned between the water supply main pipe and the water supply branch pipe and is communicated with the water supply main pipe and the water supply branch pipe.
More further, the water supply mechanism includes the cistern, with the delivery pipe of cistern intercommunication, with the water supply branch pipe of delivery pipe intercommunication and being located second suction pump on the delivery pipe, water supply branch pipe and every spout water piping intercommunication.
The granular organic fertilizer meets the national standard of NY 525-2012.
The granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer meets the national GB18877-2009 standard of organic-inorganic compound fertilizers.
The water supply branch pipe is a water supply branch pipe belt.
To sum up, owing to adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:
1. according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of the flue-cured tobacco, the fertilizer release amount in the soil is controlled through the cooperation of the water spray amount control and rainfall conditions at different periods under the film, so that the better effects of integrating moisture and benefiting and avoiding harm are achieved, a light, simple and efficient cultivation mode without connecting the upper compartment of the film is achieved, the water and fertilizer supply at a key period in the flue-cured tobacco cultivation process is ensured while the labor for cultivating the flue-cured tobacco is reduced, and an effective technical guarantee is provided for stable yield and quality improvement of the flue-cured tobacco cultivation;
2. the flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode of combining the one-time fertilization and the under-film micro-spraying technology is not connected with a film and is in an upper-chamber cultivation mode, the effect of benefiting and avoiding harm is better, the stable yield and the improved quality of the flue-cured tobacco are ensured, and the planting benefit of tobacco growers for the flue-cured tobacco is ensured;
3. firstly, the front surface of the opening is changed into the side surface, and when the water spraying pipe forms a round shape under the action of water pressure, water is sprayed out from the side surface, so that the water supply range of the soil is enlarged, the water spraying is not influenced by the mulching film, and the water-fertilizer coupling effect in the soil is improved; secondly, because the size of the joint is basically consistent with that of the water supply branch pipe and the water spraying pipe, the time is consumed for butt joint during installation, the installation efficiency is not high, and the guide head which is 1-2cm long and is thinned is added outside the joint, so that the installation is faster, and the installation time is saved; after the water spraying belt pipes are installed on the ridges, the water spraying belt pipes are shifted due to mechanical film covering, so that a plastic clamp is added every 2-4m and inserted into the soil to fix the water spraying belt pipes, and the effect that the water spraying belt pipes cannot be shifted after mechanical film covering is achieved;
4. the water supply barrel and the water supply hose are arranged, the water supply hose is a stretched hose, the water supply barrel is convenient to move, the water supply barrel can be independently used for a tobacco field without a reservoir around, the water supply in a key period is provided for flue-cured tobacco in modes of transporting water sources or tap water and the like, the normal growth of tobacco leaves is ensured, and a small amount of pesticide and bacterial manure can be sprayed and irrigated;
5. the special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco with quick-acting and slow-release nutrients integrated and balanced organic-inorganic nutrients is applied at one time, according to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, the fertilizer release amount in soil is controlled by the cooperation of water spray amount control and rainfall conditions at different periods under the film, better effects of integrating moisture and helping to avoid harm are achieved, a light, simple and efficient cultivation mode without connecting an upper film is achieved, the water and fertilizer supply at a key period in the flue-cured tobacco cultivation process is ensured while the labor for cultivating the flue-cured tobacco is reduced, an effective technical guarantee is provided for stable yield and quality improvement of flue-cured tobacco cultivation, the flue-cured tobacco cultivation achieves a light, simple and efficient cultivation mode with balanced organic and inorganic nutrients and benefiting to avoid harm, the stability of planting benefits is ensured, and the sustainable development of the flue-cured tobacco cultivation is promoted;
6. not only reduces the labor amount for flue-cured tobacco cultivation and fertilization and irrigation; the method has good effects in the aspects of reducing fertilization types, slowly releasing and moving potassium fertilizers, uniformly supplying and absorbing organic and inorganic nutrients, supplying water and fertilizers in key periods, stabilizing the yield of tobacco leaves and improving the quality, and achieves a flue-cured tobacco cultivation mode with reduced cost and increased income, simplicity and high efficiency;
7. the development and application of the special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco with quick-acting and slow-release nutrients integrated and balanced organic-inorganic nutrients not only achieve a simple and efficient one-time fertilization mode, but also achieve a fertilization effect with balanced organic and inorganic nutrients;
8. the special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco only comprises two kinds of granular organic fertilizer and granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, and can completely carry out mechanized fertilization, greatly reduce the labor for fertilization and improve the fertilization uniformity;
9. most of potassium and phosphorus in the fertilizer are adsorbed by organic materials in the fertilizer granulation process to form organic-inorganic nutrients, so that the release speed of the fertilizer (mainly inner-layer fertilizer and granular organic fertilizer of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer) is reduced, the potassium is moved backwards, the phosphorus soil is fixed and reduced, the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium elements is effectively improved, and effective technical guarantee is provided for improving the quality of tobacco leaves;
10. the application provides the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for tobacco, wherein the outer layer (30-40%) of the compound fertilizer is quick-acting nutrients, mainly supplies more than 80% of nitrogen nutrients and part of phosphorus-potassium element nutrients before 60 days after flue-cured tobacco transplantation, the inner layer (60-70%) of the compound fertilizer is slow-release nutrients, mainly is slow-release potassium fertilizer, part of potassium nutrients are moved backwards to 80-100 days after transplantation (after tobacco leaves are topped), and the compound fertilizer mainly provides guarantee for potassium nutrient supply and potassium content increase of upper tobacco leaves, so that after the content of effective potassium in soil is increased, the potassium backflow phenomenon of the upper tobacco leaves is reduced (after the content of effective potassium in soil is reduced to the level before transplantation, for the soil with lower content of effective potassium in soil, potassium nutrients absorbed in the earlier stage of the upper tobacco leaves return to roots, stems and soil, and potassium cannot be solidified on the upper tobacco leaves, resulting in low potassium content and reduced quality in the upper tobacco leaves).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a water injection system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a water injection system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1-a water storage tank, 2-a water supply pipe, 3-a second water suction pump, 4-a water supply barrel, 5-a first water suction pump, 6-a main water supply pipe, 7-a water supply hose, 8-a branch water supply pipe, 9-a plastic clamp, 10-a water spraying pipe, 11-a water spraying hole, 12-tobacco, 13-ridge and 14-mulching film.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
As shown in figure 1, the flue-cured tobacco cultivation system with light weight, simplicity and high efficiency without membrane connection and loading comprises ridges 13 and a water spraying system, wherein the water spraying system comprises a water supply mechanism positioned on one side of the ridges 13, water spraying pipe tubes 10 communicated with the water supply mechanism and positioned on the upper parts of the ridges 13, a plurality of water spraying holes 11 positioned on two sides of the water spraying pipe tubes 10 and a mulching film 14 positioned on the upper parts of the water spraying pipe tubes 10, the mulching film 14 is paved on the upper part of each ridge 13, a plurality of the ridges 13 are arranged, a plurality of the water spraying pipe tubes 10 are arranged, each water spraying pipe tube 10 is positioned on the upper part of each ridge 13, plastic clamps 9 are arranged on each water spraying pipe tube 10 at intervals of 2-4m, the plastic clamps 9 are inserted into soil to fix the water spraying pipe tubes 10, the water supply mechanism comprises a water supply barrel 4, a water supply main pipe 6 communicated with the water supply main pipe 6, a water supply branch pipe 8 communicated with the water supply main pipe 6 and, the water supply main pipe 6 is communicated with each water spraying pipe 10, the water supply barrel 4 is also communicated with a water supply hose 7, and the water supply hose 7 is positioned between the water supply main pipe 6 and the water supply branch pipe 8 and is communicated with the water supply branch pipe 8.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, based on embodiment 1, the water supply mechanism includes a water reservoir 1, a water supply pipe 2 communicated with the water reservoir 1, a water supply branch pipe 8 communicated with the water supply pipe 2, and a second suction pump 3 located on the water supply pipe 2, wherein the water supply branch pipe 8 is communicated with each of the water spray pipes 10.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1 or 2, an application of a flue-cured tobacco non-film-connected upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system in a flue-cured tobacco non-film-connected upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step 5, after transplanting, spraying water for the first time to ensure the survival rate of tobacco seedlings, wherein the first water spraying time on each ridge is within 1 minute; before 30-35 days of transplanting, spraying water for 3-4 times under the condition of extreme drought, spraying water for 1-2 times under the condition of drought or drought in a local period, wherein the water spraying time on each ridge is 1-4 minutes each time, and the water is not sprayed under the condition of abundant rainwater; 30-60 days after transplanting, spraying water for 2-4 times for 5-15 minutes.
In the technical scheme of the application: after ridging 13, granular organic fertilizer and granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are applied at one time, the fertilizer is a special fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco with quick-acting and slow-release nutrients integrated and balanced organic-inorganic nutrients, most of potassium and phosphorus in the fertilizer are adsorbed by organic materials in the fertilizer granulation process to form organic-inorganic nutrients, so that the release speed of the fertilizer (mainly an inner layer fertilizer of an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer) is slowed down, the potassium is moved backwards, the phosphorus soil is fixed and reduced, and the utilization rate of phosphorus and potassium elements is effectively improved, provides effective technical guarantee for improving the quality of tobacco leaves, not only achieves a simple and efficient one-time fertilization mode, the fertilizer has the beneficial effects that the fertilizer has balanced organic and inorganic nutrients, and in addition, the two fertilizers are granular, so that the mechanical fertilizer application is convenient, the uniformity of the fertilizer application is improved, and the labor for fertilizer application is greatly reduced; after the granular organic fertilizer and the granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer are mechanically applied to soil at one time, according to the fertilizer requirement characteristic of the flue-cured tobacco, the fertilizer release amount in the soil is controlled by the cooperation of the water spray amount control and rainfall conditions at different periods under the film, the better effects of integrating moisture and benefiting and avoiding harm are achieved, the light, simple and efficient cultivation mode without connecting the film and the upper compartment is achieved, the water and fertilizer supply at the key period in the flue-cured tobacco cultivation process is ensured while the labor for cultivating the flue-cured tobacco is reduced, the effective technical guarantee is provided for the stable yield and quality improvement of the flue-cured tobacco cultivation, the flue-cured tobacco cultivation achieves the light, simple and efficient cultivation mode with balanced organic and inorganic nutrients and benefiting and avoiding harm, the stability of the planting benefit is ensured, and the sustainable development of the flue-cured tobacco.
Example 4
On the basis of the example 3, 60-80kg of granular organic fertilizer is applied to each mu at one time in the step 2, and 70-90kg of granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is applied to each mu.
Example 5
On the basis of embodiment 4, the preparation method of the granular organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
a. the raw materials are mechanically and uniformly mixed, the water content is adjusted to be 55-65%, and the raw materials comprise, by weight, 40-50 parts of mushroom dregs, 20-30 parts of oil cake, 20-30 parts of dried cow dung, 10-20 parts of straw powder, 1-2 parts of urea and 0.2-0.5 part of zymophyte;
b. fermenting in a groove type fermentation tank with a ventilation and air extraction device for 10-20 days in a closed manner, and automatically turning for 3-5 times by using a crawler-type turning machine during the fermentation period;
c. drying, cooling, crushing and screening the fermented material to prepare an organic material with the fineness of 30-60 meshes;
d. adding monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, amino acid, humic acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid and bentonite for granulation, wherein the granulation raw material comprises, by weight, 70-80 parts of organic materials, 2.5-5 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 5-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5-5 parts of amino acid, 2.5-5 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of boric acid and 6-10 parts of bentonite, and during granulation, the organic materials, the bentonite, the potassium sulfate and the monoammonium phosphate premix are respectively fed from four different feeding ports, and during granulation, hot steam is introduced for granulation;
e. drying, sieving to obtain organic fertilizer granules with a particle size of 3-5mm, spraying anti-caking agent on the surface, and air drying.
Example 6
On the basis of the embodiment 4, the preparation method of the granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
A. the slow-release master batch fertilizer comprises the following raw materials of monoammonium phosphate (N11, P) in parts by weight2O544)11-13 parts of potassium nitrate (N13, K)2O44.5)12-14 parts, potassium sulfate (K)2O50), 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-1.5 parts of boric acid, 24-28 parts of organic matters and 6-10 parts of bentonite; wherein monoammonium phosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, boric acid premix, bentonite and organic matters are respectively fed from six different feeding ports;
B. according to the weight parts, the raw materials are input into a mixer and then crushed, and then input into a granulation cylinder for high-temperature steam granulation, drying, cooling, screening, spraying a diaphragm layer and air-drying to prepare the slow-release master batch fertilizer with the particle size of 2-4 mm;
C. spraying quick-acting nutrient slurry on the outer layer of the slow-release master batch fertilizer, wherein the material in the slurry comprises ammonium phosphate nitrate (N32, P) according to the weight portion2O54)26-28 parts of monoammonium phosphate (N11, P)2O544)15-17 parts of potassium nitrate (N13.5, K)2O44)24-26 parts, potassium sulfate (P)2O550)17-19 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1.5-3.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate, 0.2-0.5 part of boric acid, 6-8 parts of amino acid and 4-6 parts of humic acid;
D. pouring other materials except zinc sulfate into a slurry dissolving tank for stirring and dissolving, heating the water body by hot steam, wherein the highest temperature is not more than 80, and the ratio of the materials to water is 1: 0.5-1, adding zinc sulfate after the poured raw materials are dissolved, further dissolving to prepare saturated solution, filtering the dissolved slurry by using a 100-mesh metal screen, inputting the filtered slurry into a slurry storage tank, preserving at constant temperature of 60-70 ℃, spraying and cooling the slurry on the master batch fertilizer for at least 3 times by using a spraying cylinder to obtain a semi-finished product;
E. and drying, cooling and spraying an anti-caking agent on the semi-finished product to obtain the granular organic-inorganic compound fertilizer.
Example 7
On the basis of example 6, a slow release master batch fertilizer with the particle size of 2-4mm is prepared by adopting a roller or disc granulation method, the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 32 percent, the content of N is 3-4 percent, and P is P2O5Content 4-6%, K222-25% of O, 20-22% of organic matter and medium and trace elements.
Example 8
Based on the embodiment 6, the particle size of the particle organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is 3-5mm, the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 36 percent, wherein the content of N is 3-4 percent, and P is2O5Content 4-6%, K2The content of O is 22-25%.
Example 9
As shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 3, plastic clips 9 are arranged on each water spray belt pipe 10 every 2-4m, and the plastic clips 9 are inserted into soil to fix the water spray belt pipes 10.
Example 10
As shown in fig. 1, on the basis of embodiment 3, the water supply mechanism includes a water supply barrel 4, a water supply main pipe 6 communicated with the water supply barrel 4, a water supply branch pipe 8 communicated with the water supply main pipe 6, and a first water pump 5 connected with the water supply main pipe 6, wherein the water supply main pipe 6 is communicated with each of the water spray pipes 10.
Example 11
As shown in fig. 1, in addition to the embodiment 10, a water supply hose 7 is further communicated with the water supply barrel 4, and the water supply hose 7 is positioned between the water supply main pipe 6 and the water supply branch pipe 8 and is communicated with the water supply main pipe.
Example 12
As shown in fig. 2, on the basis of embodiment 3, the water supply mechanism includes a water reservoir 1, a water supply pipe 2 communicated with the water reservoir 1, a water supply branch pipe 8 communicated with the water supply pipe 2, and a second suction pump 3 located on the water supply pipe 2, wherein the water supply branch pipe 8 is communicated with each of the water spray pipes 10.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a flue-cured tobacco does not connect light simple and efficient cultivation system in membrane upper carriage which characterized in that: including ridge (13) and water injection system, water injection system including be located the water supply mechanism of ridge (13) one side, with water supply mechanism intercommunication and be located spout water pipe (10) on ridge (13) upper portion, be located spout a plurality of hole for water spraying (11) of water pipe (10) both sides and be located spout plastic film (14) on water pipe (10) upper portion, plastic film (14) are spread on the upper portion of every ridge (13).
2. The flue-cured tobacco film-free upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ridge (13) is provided with a plurality of water spraying pipe (10), and each water spraying pipe (10) is located at the upper part of each ridge (13).
3. The flue-cured tobacco film-free upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and plastic clamps (9) are arranged on each water spraying belt pipe (10) every 2-4m, and the plastic clamps (9) are inserted into soil to fix the water spraying belt pipes (10).
4. The flue-cured tobacco film-free upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: and plastic clamps (9) are arranged on each water spraying pipe (10) every 3 m.
5. The flue-cured tobacco film-free upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water supply mechanism comprises a water supply barrel (4), a water supply main pipe (6) communicated with the water supply barrel (4), a water supply branch pipe (8) communicated with the water supply main pipe (6) and a first water suction pump (5) connected with the water supply main pipe (6), wherein the water supply main pipe (6) is communicated with each water spraying pipe (10).
6. The flue-cured tobacco film-free upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system according to claim 5, characterized in that: and the water supply barrel (4) is also communicated with a water supply hose (7), and the water supply hose (7) is positioned between the water supply main pipe (6) and the water supply branch pipe (8) and is communicated with the water supply main pipe.
7. The flue-cured tobacco film-free upper-compartment simple and efficient cultivation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water supply mechanism comprises a water storage tank (1), a water supply pipe (2) communicated with the water storage tank (1), a water supply branch pipe (8) communicated with the water supply pipe (2) and a second water suction pump (3) positioned on the water supply pipe (2), wherein the water supply branch pipe (8) is communicated with each water spray pipe (10).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021645679.7U CN213153234U (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | Flue-cured tobacco does not connect light high-efficient cultivation system of railway carriage or compartment in membrane |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202021645679.7U CN213153234U (en) | 2020-08-10 | 2020-08-10 | Flue-cured tobacco does not connect light high-efficient cultivation system of railway carriage or compartment in membrane |
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| CN213153234U true CN213153234U (en) | 2021-05-11 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113711751A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-30 | 新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司 | Facility cultivation water and fertilizer integrated system and fertilizer application method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113711751A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-30 | 新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司 | Facility cultivation water and fertilizer integrated system and fertilizer application method |
| CN113711751B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-05-13 | 新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司 | Facility cultivation water and fertilizer integrated system and fertilizer application method |
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