CN207878960U - A kind of construction material for installing high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film - Google Patents

A kind of construction material for installing high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film Download PDF

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CN207878960U
CN207878960U CN201720995716.9U CN201720995716U CN207878960U CN 207878960 U CN207878960 U CN 207878960U CN 201720995716 U CN201720995716 U CN 201720995716U CN 207878960 U CN207878960 U CN 207878960U
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fiber cloth
prefabricated
basalt fiber
plank
wall
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吴淑环
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/66—Sealings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/74—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge
    • E04B2/7401—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails
    • E04B2/7403—Removable non-load-bearing partitions; Partitions with a free upper edge assembled using panels without a frame or supporting posts, with or without upper or lower edge locating rails with special measures for sound or thermal insulation including fire protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/351—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material
    • E04D3/352—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation at least one of the layers being composed of insulating material, e.g. fibre or foam material at least one insulating layer being located between non-insulating layers, e.g. double skin slabs or sheets

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

The construction material of a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film, low or cost is high for assembled wall assembling degree, energy-saving wall external protection durability is poor, and heat bridge is more；Exterior wall vertical greening high cost problem.It includes high-strength durable basalt fiber cloth and prefabricated panels or wall；Outside installation basalt fiber cloth or fluorine plastic film in prefabricated panels；There are surpluses at prefabricated panels edge for basalt fiber cloth or fluorine plastic film, form prefabricated panel, prefabricated room panel or prefabricated decorative board, prefabricated panel, prefabricated room panel composition assembled wall, fabricated roofing；The basalt fiber cloth installed on various walls is also installed on the base course wall of door-window opening side, is also installed on door-window opening side insulating layer and inside base course wall.The utility model increases substantially assembling degree, the low cost of assembled wall, fabricated roofing, eliminates various heat bridges, to promoting low energy building, pushing architectural industrialization significant.

Description

A kind of construction material for installing high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film
Technical field
The present invention relates to construction material, the Building wood of especially a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film Material.
Background technology
In today of scientific and technological high development, Building technology but has many insoluble problems, is not suitable with low-carbon society pair The requirement of wall technology, the requirement to building industrialization.Such as：
1, frame structure does not facilitate installation, the light-duty assembled wall skill that low cost, heat bridge is few, durability is good always Art, fabricated roofing technology.
Aerated concrete panel, foam concrete plate are all low intensive fragile materials, and breakage rate is high, arrangement of reinforcement easily Cracking, therefore the normal width of aerated concrete panel is exactly 600mm both at home and abroad.Splice in construction site, assembling degree It is low, there is ironware to be connected with reinforcing bar between every piece of aerated concrete panel, connection is complicated, and crack, door-window opening easily occur for seam There is angle steel little framework, installation trouble, not as good as aerated blocks wall is built by laying bricks or stones, heat bridge is more, and hole is big heat bridge, is unsatisfactory for building low energy consumption Building requirements；It is not suitable with complex roof shape, it is easy for construction not as good as cast-in-place concrete roof.See article " autoclaved lightweight Concrete slab --- ALC plates " construction works.Aerated concrete panel is poor as light weight concrete resisting carbonization, reinforcing bar protection Layer thickness is thin, and arrangement of reinforcement needs brush anti-decaying paint in aerated concrete panel, but the durability of arrangement of reinforcement aerated concrete panel is difficult to reach building Agent structure is not less than 50 years durable years.
When frame structure also installs fabricated prefabricated light heat insulating board, just there is steel column at interval of tens centimeters, Steel column is only fixed with steel nail with flooring, and Horizontal steelwork bracing has also been needed to ensure that steel column stablizes (following steel column between steel column Unify abbreviation steel skeleton with bracing members), great deal of steel is expended, inside and outside two layers of light thermal-insulating are fixed with steel drift bolt on steel skeleton Plate.But the assembled wall for expending great deal of steel is discontinuous, is not the primary structure member that can be calculated by structure fomula, cannot For skyscraper；Reinforcing bar frame section needs thicker hot galvanized layer, galvanizing to cause seriously to pollute to environment；And floor and window There are a large amount of heat bridges at place, cannot build low energy building, can not build energy saving 90% passive type energy saving house (generally, quilt Dynamic formula energy saving house is the basic low energy consumption house for not having to active heating), cost is high.
Therefore China still largely builds air-entrained concrete building block or figuline building blocks by laying bricks or stones in concrete frame structure so far, builds by laying bricks or stones It also needs to plaster afterwards, wet construction is more, and map shape cracking easily occurs for wall, is not suitable with the requirement of architectural industrialization.
2, energy-saving heat-insulating wall there are the problem of
1) sandwich heat preserving wall body
Sandwich heat preserving wall body is to accompany thermal insulation material between internal lobe and siphonal lobe wall (can be brick wall or concrete walls) Wall.There must be the Guttr board support that concrete floor stretches out under every layer of siphonal lobe wall, concrete cornice plate is heat losses Big channel is unsatisfactory for wall power conservation requirement, and wall is also thick, therefore does not use typically now.
2) thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall is the best energy-saving wall technology of current energy-saving heat preserving, but is had the following problems：
1., thin-coat plaster protective layer durability it is bad, water inlet of preferably cracking, concrete walls or masonry external thermal insulation back wall are too thick.
Protective layer of the cement polymer mortar folder Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh thin-coat plaster of 3~5mm of thickness as insulating layer.Thin-coat plaster is protected Layer cracking phenomena happens occasionally, and so that wall energy-saving insulation effect is significantly declined, constitutes a threat to building energy conservation.Rock wool good fireproof But it is afraid of water, because the quality accidents such as Changzhou bandage building have occurred in the cracking water inlet of thin-coat plaster protective layer.Therefore《Exterior insulation engineering skill Art regulation》In JGJ144 thermal insulation materials include rock wool be insulating layer, rock wool mainly with decorative panel it is compound be used as decorative heat preservation During plate is built for curtain wall decoration, but this curtain wall decoration steel skeleton heat bridge is too many, and the public building of curtain wall decoration can reach Very petty energy-saving effect is a unknown number, and the energy saving of public building is one big problem, hang-up, very big to social influence.
2., insulating layer only thickness about 20~30mm on the base course wall on window periphery, well below the positive facade insulating layer of wall Thickness, therefore window periphery wall becomes the channel of heat losses, when window-wall ratio 0.35~0.45, increases wall heat transfer coefficient 0.15 ~0.25w/m2.k, energy saving 90% passive type energy saving house requires wall heat transfer coefficient to be not more than 0.15w/m2.k, i.e. insulating layer Infinite thickness, and window-wall ratio could meet the requirement of energy saving 90% passive type energy saving house to wall thermal insulating no more than 0.35.China The passive type energy saving house built in the case where Northern Europe expert instructs takes door and window mouth heat-insulating bridge-cut-off technology, is that wood is installed on the outside of door and window mouth Frame also sets up shaped steel support under the wooden frame of windowsill, and shaped steel and wooden frame are connect with base course wall, then by the sash with auxiliary case And on erection of doors and windows to wooden frame, such window still be unable to do without base course wall, sees Figure 16, outdoor cold spot apart from indoor distance still Closely, window periphery heat bridge about 50% can only be reduced, and trouble is installed, wooden frame and shaped steel need anti-corrosion, also needs to set auxiliary case, increase is made Valence.Because window periphery also has the channel of heat losses, China to build the passive type energy saving house of many places energy saving 90% now, need With thermal coefficient 0.033w/m.k, density 30kg/m3EPS sheet 300mm it is thick, flammable thermal insulation material is too many, once fire hazard Bigger, cost are high.Passive type energy saving house adds the overall thickness of insulating layer up to 550~600mm, too thick waste soil.
3), there is the exterior wall of steel wire net rack cement sandwiched heat insulation board, every square metre there are 200 oblique pull steel wires to increase a large amount of pass Heat, the revised thermal coefficient of EPS sheet almost double, and are unsatisfactory for low energy building requirement, scene plastering wet construction is more, connects Stitch easy to crack, though steel wire is zinc-plated, galvanized layer thickness is limited, not equal to can reach 50 years durable years.
4), prefabricated sandwich concrete shear force wall, prefabricated plug-in concrete sandwich wallboard (hereinafter referred to as heavy assembled coagulation Cob wall plate) siphonal lobe concrete slab be 50mm thickness armored concretes, weigh 125kg/m2, siphonal lobe concrete slab and inside concrete It mustn't be more than the EPS sheet insulating layer of 120mm or 100mm to have thickness between plate, the Rebar anchor wrapped up respectively with plastic bushing Or high strength plastics anchoring piece fixes siphonal lobe concrete slab, EPS sheet insulating layer and inside concrete panel.If insulating layer thickens again Under siphonal lobe concrete slab will it is heavy be more than permissible value, therefore insulating layer cannot be thickened, and door and window mouth has a big heat bridge, thus it is current this two kinds it is pre- The assembled wall of wallboard processed installation not only weight weight, prefabricated and installation is complicated, and cost is high, and energy-saving heat preserving is bad, Bu Nengjian If low energy building, requirement of the passive type energy saving house for building energy saving 90% to wall, and later also difficult energy can not be met It transform low energy building as.
3, exterior wall vertical greening is of high cost, and durability is poor.
It is difficult to carry out exterior wall vertical greening on thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall, if exterior wall vertical greening need to be around external wall Steelframe is set up, vertical greening is carried out on steelframe, steelframe is also needed with wall connecting to ensure stability, and increases connection steel skeleton The heat bridge of heat transfer, and steelframe, there are serious etching problem, not only cost is high, maintenance cost is high, also takes up a large amount of valuable soils.
Exterior wall vertical greening can make city become forest, reduce Summer urban heat island effect, have to improving air quality Significance.World many countries all actively support exterior wall vertical greening, but it is difficult greatly to promote exterior wall vertical greening.Shenyang is new It is said in unrestrained house property online article chapter " the Chinese style predicament of vertical greening "：Cost is an important factor for restricting vertical greening ... ... " with me Chongqing with micro-controller system vertical greening project for, the quotation of UK corporation is one square metre of 1200 U.S. dollar, also only Domestic seed ... can be used, and follow-up maintenance cost also wants high.”……
4, wall problem easy to crack is construction industry insoluble common quality defect for many years, and it is external to be not only energy-saving heat-insulating Protective layer is easy to crack, and also aerated concrete wall, figuline building blocks wall coat of plaster are easy to crack, or even freeze-thaw damage occurs.
The problem of installing assembled wall problem for solution framework structure, install fabricated roofing improves assembling degree, Assembled wall safety is improved, assembled wall cost is reduced；To solve the problems, such as that energy-saving heat-insulating wall door and window mouth heat bridge is more, It is horizontal to improve energy-saving heat preserving, meets requirement of the low energy building to wall, and solve the problems, such as that external protection durability is poor；For drop Low heavy type assembly concrete wallboard cost, and be allowed to also build low energy building；It is common attached for convenience of being installed on exterior wall Object, exterior wall vertical greening is widely popularized, the present invention proposes a kind of building for installing high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film Material.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and the construction materials of plastic film, with solution The certainly problem described in background technology.
A kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth of the present invention or/and the construction material of plastic film, it includes high-strength durable Fiber cloth and building element；The high-strength durable fiber cloth is basalt fiber cloth；The building element is prefabricated panels or is Various walls；In prefabricated panels or/and basalt fiber cloth is installed in outside, and basalt fiber cloth stays at the edge of prefabricated panels There is surplus；The basalt fiber cloth installed on various walls is also curved and is installed on the base course wall of door-window opening side, or There is insulating layer on base course wall, basalt fiber cloth, which also curves, is installed on the insulating layer of door-window opening side and is installed to heat preservation On the base course wall of layer inside.
Explanation：
1, mainly two-way (warp-wise and broadwise) the stress basalt fiber cloth of basalt fiber cloth that the present invention applies, especially It is that bidirectional stress basalt fiber cloth is mainly used on exterior wall.The prefabricated room panel of fabricated roofing also mainly uses the bidirectional stress Black Warrior Rock fiber cloth will prop up if basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material is located at beam support position when being unsatisfactory for hogging moment force request It is profound on pedestal beam after the surplus of seat top basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material is pasted with contiguous prefabricated roof boarding overlap joint A basalt fiber cloth is pasted on military rock fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material again, is equivalent to and increases negative moment of backing plate reinforcing bar, this Basalt fiber cloth can be the unidirectional basalt fiber cloth perpendicular to bearing direction, need to specially process, there is presently no this edges The unidirectional basalt fiber cloth of short side tension, though the coiled unidirectional basalt fiber cloth along long side tension, face can be used Width, installation seam are more；The lower part span near middle of prefabricated room panel is also possible to need to increase by one layer of installation perpendicular to branch The unidirectional basalt fiber cloth in seat direction, is equivalent to and increases positive moment of span central point reinforcing bar.
2, be to simplify expression, replaced below with " basalt fiber cloth " " basalt fiber cloth or basalt fibre with it is other Inorfil is blended cloth "；" basalt fiber cloth or its composite sheet material " of the present invention, is basalt fiber cloth or basalt Fiber cloth is expressed with simplifying for other materials composite sheet material, and other materials include organic fiber cloth, waterproof material.
3, about inorganic fibers
There are many inorganic fibers, is suitable for the invention mainly basalt fiber cloth and basalt fibre and its Its inorfil is blended cloth, and other inorfils are mainly ceramic fibre, meet the glass fibre of performance requirement by processing, But price is just very high.Basalt fibre and ceramics to be blended fiber cloth flexibility more preferable, and increase fiber cloth surface roughness, It is easy to cohesive, high temperature resistance is more preferable, can mostly meet the tensile strength of needs.
1) basalt fibre and basalt fiber cloth
《Cement concrete and the mortar basalt fibre that is chopped》It is said in GB23265 standards, basalt fibre is with day Right volcanic rock is that raw material produces and processes, and is a kind of fully natural green fiber.Basalt fibre has high tensile strength, cuts Shearing stress and elasticity modulus, good chemical stability and thermal stability, anti-aging acid and alkali-resistance, high temperature resistant and low temperature and electricity are exhausted The characteristics such as edge, sound insulation.Regulation is 1250MPa for the basalt fibre tensile strength of toughening enhancing in GB23265 standards, is general Logical more than 4 times of steel, some is up to 3000~4000MPa.Basalt fibre elongation percentage about 3~4%, elasticity modulus is glass fibers 1.5~2 times of dimension.Basalt fibre is the best material of comprehensive performance, the durability of basalt fibre and basalt fiber cloth It is almost unlimited, because it is substantially or basalt.But current basalt fiber material application surface is narrow, and with the most use is Chopped basalt fibre addition resistance of building the road in bituminous concrete or cement concrete is split, also useful epoxy resin is by basalt Basalt reinforcing bar is made in fiber bonding, in the hydraulic engineerings such as embankment, some basalt fibre twills to be used as luggage.The Black Warrior Rock fiber is alternatively arranged as the low cost alternative of carbon fiber and is reinforced for column and beam, and the dosage of current basalt fiber cloth is very in a word It is few.
2) glass fibre
Glass fibre dosage is most, cheap, is known to all in construction industry.But glass fibre is crisp, it is not wear-resisting, intolerant to It scrapes, resistance to acid and alkali is poor, and glass fibre is difficult to apply in the present invention, can improve by handling glass fibre performance, but price is just not With competitiveness.Many inorganic fibers do not have the advantages of basalt fiber cloth, or price is too high after treatment, no With application value.
4, fiber cloth of the present invention refers to organic fiber or inorfil has been processed into material for cloth, such as woven Cloth, non-woven fabrics, eedle-punched non-wovens, woven cloth, fibrofelt and basalt fibre grid cloth.
5, organic fiber cloth：Woven dacron fracture strength is high in organic fiber cloth, and scratch resistance is pulled, and pattern color is abundant, in exterior wall Upper durability is preferable, and price is relatively low, and fire-retardant or nonflammable woven dacron can be selected in the building coiled material on exterior wall.
6, about plastic film and waterproof material
Vapor-permeable type film of the present invention, which refers to plastic film, has certain vapor permeation performance, i.e. penetrability.Saturating vapour Both waterproof also has steam permeability to type polytetrafluoroethylene film, that is, PTFE film, and high and low temperature resistance is good, the durable years under ultraviolet light irradiation No less than 25 years, be nonflammable material, also has other plastic films to have steam permeability.Polyethylene film is the material for being difficult to degrade, poly- second Steam permeability is unsatisfactory for needing when alkene film is thicker, and the relatively thin polyethylene film steam permeability and water proofing property that superfine powder is added can meet exterior wall It is required that but cannot be used for roof waterproof.As long as the durable years that rubber waterproof material is met the requirements can also be made in the present invention Composite sheet material for waterproof material, formation is applied in waterproofing work.
7, " there are surpluses at prefabricated panels edge for the basalt fiber cloth that outside is installed in prefabricated panels " of the invention It means that basalt fiber cloth stretches one section outside the edge of prefabricated panels, pastes or incite somebody to action for being overlapped with contiguous prefabricated plank Basalt fiber cloth, which pastes, to be connect in seam binding material with agent structure, the prefabricated panels surplus of assembling type outer wall and roofing The case where being about 50mm~150mm, having also needs experiment to determine；The prefabricated panels surplus of partition wall is about 20mm~50mm； The surplus of prefabricated decorative board a need to be more than thickness about 20mm~50mm of prefabricated decorative board a, to be fixed with base.For assembling At least side has surplus (to use the surplus of side and contiguous prefabricated plank in the prefabricated panels both sides of formula wall and fabricated roofing Paste), see Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 explanation and embodiment one in assembled wall installation instructions.
8, the base's plank and base course wall of prefabricated panels 2-10 are all used the number of 2-5 by the present invention, are because of basal plate It is equivalent to base course wall after material installation.
The technique effect of the present invention：A kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth of the present invention or/and the Building wood of plastic film Expect while solving problems with, there is following technique effect：
1, in embodiment of the present invention one 1) item by basalt fiber cloth or its composite sheet material (including embodiment two Composite sheet material) it is mounted on light prefabricated plank, prefabricated panels is installed in frame structure, the assembled of frame structure is formed Wall also may be mounted on collar tie beam or concrete floor, form the assembled low-rise building of self-supporting.Its significance lies in that：
1) the assembled wall of the present invention and the assembled wall of ALC wallboards described in background technology are compared, the present invention one The wall at a hole also constitutes one piece of prefabricated panel installation with low-intensity fragile material, increases substantially assembling degree, no A variety of connection ironwares, bolt and reinforcing bar etc. are needed, door and window mouth installation angle steel little framework is not needed and ensures that door-window opening safety, High energy-saving heat-insulating wall can be built with low cost, and the assembled wall that this is ALC wallboards is not accomplished.
2) the assembled wall of the prefabricated panels composition of installation basalt fiber cloth had both met perpendicular to the anti-of wall plane Curved Design of Bearing Capacity requires or the horizontal supporting system of frame structure, and safety of structure is good, can be used for arbitrary height, this is The light-duty filled wall of front frame structure is unexistent.
Basalt fiber cloth is equivalent to the tension reinforcement of assembled wall, and durability is good, and seldom steel are consumed in installation and (are hung down Directly it is sewed with some steel) or (polymer mortar of the vertical joint containing glue is pasted, the surplus of basalt fiber cloth without steel It anchors in vertical joint, does not just have to steel, recommend to use).But antidetonation and ant wind load performance are good, the reason is that：Assembled Wall weight is very light (being shown in Table 1).Geological process power is that member dead weight is multiplied by coefficient, because of the rare chance ground of the assembled wall of the present invention It shakes Load Combination value and is not more than skyscraper wind load combination value more, and increase some insulation layer thicknesses to greatly increase section Rigidity increases anti-bending bearing capacity, therefore readily satisfies the lower wall of rarely occurred earthquake effect and go out plane bending resistance design requirement, when rarely occurred earthquake Assembled wall does not destroy, and is benefited to society！More increased insulating layer increases the Lateral resisting ability in wall plane again simultaneously, Wall energy-saving insulation effect is improved again, is achieved many things at one stroke.
Assembled wall forms horizontal supporting system, the ability with accessory building agent structure anti-lateral displacement.Macroseism occurs Even if when the present invention assembled wall once destroy, be only the connection of base's plank autoclasia or base's plank and beam column It destroys, interior is only needed to repair base's plank to consume geological process, after shake, it is easy to maintenance.Basalt fibre is furnished with Very high tensile capacity, and because EPS sheet elasticity is big, recoverable force is good, has the best energy defeated a force with a tenderness, consume geological process Power, EPS sheet weight extremely gently also has to be linked together with the comparable tensile capacity of masonry structure (being not less than 0.1MPa), mutually stickup EPS sheet earthquake when will not generally destroy, outdoor basalt fiber cloth will not destroy, outdoor wall surface maintenance capacity is few after shake, to building Antidetonation is built to be of great significance.This is basis has foundation settlement to cause the accident that brick wall cracking sinks in the past, but is pasted on exterior wall The case history that does not destroy of thin-coat plaster EPS sheet be with reference to the conclusion obtained.
3) the assembled wall of the present invention and aforementioned heavy assembly concrete wall are compared, in material consumption, construction Difficulty, construction cost, thickness of wall body, the comparison of energy-saving heat preserving various aspects are all differed greatly, specific as follows：
1., estimate its cost than heavy assembled wall cost reduce by 50%~60%！
Heavy assembly concrete wall weight is 650~900kg/m2(concrete walls thickness is mostly 200mm~300mm, also Have also siphonal lobe Concrete Thick 50mm), assembled wall weight of the invention be only its 1/10~1/6, be shown in Table 1.Base's plank In frame, installation is simple, and stress is simply clear, does not need complicated and diversified connector, and material and manpower consumption are all few；Weight Type assembly concrete wall is too heavy, and the geological process power caused by its dead weight when earthquake occurs is too big, and steel cement consumes too More, connector is complicated, and prefabricated and installation is all complicated, and manpower consumption is high, thus cost is high.
2., can also reduce major structure of construction cost
Because the assembled wall weight of the present invention is very light, the geological process very little of generation, and assembled wall is frame The horizontal supporting system of structure, thus major structure of construction cost can be reduced.
3., the present invention assembled wall thermal insulating layer thickness it is unrestricted, whole heat bridges, the passive type section of construction can be eliminated Energy room thickness of wall body is thin, is shown in Table 1.1. kind prefabricated panels heat transfer coefficient reaches 0.15w/m for installation the in table 12Assembled wall when .k Body thickness is not more than 400mm.Passive type energy saving house than currently installing EPS sheet on concrete shear force wall reduces energy-saving heat-insulating 150~200mm of body thickness saves a large amount of valuable soils, the more money of soil value of saving
4., the present invention assembled wall can be met with thin wall, low cost energy saving 90% passive type energy saving house requirement, And heavy assembly concrete wall thermal insulating layer thickness is restricted, window etc. heat bridge is more, cannot meet passive type energy saving house and want It asks, and cost is too high, outer wall thick, also wastes valuable soil, and also difficulty can be transformed into low energy building in the future.
5., in assembled air entrained concrete division wall, by basalt fibre grid cloth be mounted on aerated concrete panel, bubble Reinforcing bar is substituted in foam concrete plate, prefabricated processing is more convenient, and seam have tensile strength very high basalt fibre grid cloth more than Bonding connection is measured, the gaping of joints common quality defect of current aerated concrete panel, foam concrete board wall is can effectively avoid.
6., base's plank of the 4. kind prefabricated panels of the present invention the can be the heavy concrete of arrangement of reinforcement, be used for current assembly On the sandwich concrete shear force wall of formula, basalt fiber cloth is installed in outside, siphonal lobe heavy type concrete can be become light concrete (such as becoming foam concrete plate, aerated concrete panel)；Lightweight concrete has preferable heat insulation effect, and mitigates and state heavy coagulation Native assembled wall weight about 100kg/m2, the consumption of steel cement is reduced, reduces cost, insulation layer thickness can be unrestricted, carries High wall energy-saving insulation effect makes heavy concrete assembled wall that can also meet the requirement for building low energy building.
The assembled wall of embodiment of the present invention one is popularized low energy building, is built to reduction to pushing architectural industrialization The energy consumption in construction and long-time service is built, is played an important role to building aseismicity, to solving construction quality common fault.
2, in embodiment of the present invention one 2) item basalt fiber cloth is installed to various walls (including assembled wall Body) on, basalt fiber cloth, which also curves, to be installed on the base course wall of door-window opening side or has insulating layer on base course wall, Basalt fiber cloth also curves on the base course wall for being installed on the insulating layer of door-window opening side and being installed on the inside of insulating layer, Its significance lies in that：
1) strengthening action is played to wall hole, wall is survivable in door-window opening, improves the safety of brittleness wall.
2) erection of doors and windows can leave base course wall and be installed on the basalt fiber cloth of door and window mouth side wall, thus just there is this hair Bright door-window opening heat insulation break bridge structure can eliminate door and window mouth heat bridge completely, block the channel of door and window mouth periphery heat losses, greatly Amplitude reduction external heat insulating wall cost, it is significant to promoting low energy building.
0.01w/m is often reduced when building low energy building2.k wall heat transfer coefficient is all highly difficult, because of the door of the present invention Window heat bridge can be zero, with thermal coefficient 0.0405w/m.k, density 20kg/m3Common EPS sheet (more than 200 yuan/m of price3, the back of the body Scape technology EPS sheet density 30kg/m3More than 500 yuan/m of price3) the thick mutually stickup installations of 260mm (paste installation and connect by brushing interfacial agents It is integrated, gap can be disregarded and increase heat transfer), wall mean heat transfer coefficient is up to 0.15w/m2.k, more current than described in background technology Passive type energy saving house reduces EPS sheet dosage 42%！Reduce exterior wall combustible 42%！Door-window opening heat insulation break bridge structure is simple, There is no shaped steel, wooden frame, do not need auxiliary case, because reducing thermal insulation material consumption and other materials consumption, installation is simple, reduces external thermal insulation About 100~120 yuan/m of wall cost2！Also increase Indoor sill area, using more convenient.
Above 2 points of explanations, door and window outlet structure technique effect of the invention are great.
3, the prefabricated panels of embodiment one and the prefabricated room panel of embodiment three can increase substantially building assembling Degree, prefabricated simple, installation is simple, energy-efficient, and cost is greatly lowered, and can reduce the energy during building is built and is used for a long time Consumption reduces cost, is architectural industrialization, new Building technology has been started in modularization construction to building low energy building.
The prefabricated panel of the present invention can by the one piece of prefabricated panel processing of door-window opening, i.e., by current specifications it is smaller plus Gas concrete slab, foam concrete plate are sticked on basalt fiber cloth, and mutual bonding connection；Or formwork supporting plate pours into a mould foam coagulation Soil or lightweight aggregate concrete, brushing adhesive (EPS sheet surface has dovetail type groove more preferable) on EPS sheet, by the foam of cast Concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete are bonded with EPS sheet；Or two side be aerated concrete panel or foam concrete plate, centre foam Thermal insulation material such as polyurethane forms prefabricated panel as insulating layer.
Basalt fiber cloth is not installed, prefabricated cannot press assembled wall of the hole as one piece of prefabricated panel with installation Body.
When aerated concrete panel or foam concrete plate are installed on basalt fiber cloth as prefabricated room panel, equally Prefabricated room panel width can be widened, it can also be together pre- by base's plank, insulating layer, waterproof layer, the protective layer of prefabricated room panel System, synchronous assembled installation.It, can be fine by installing basalt as long as the transportable large scale prefabricated roof boarding of transport capacity Wei Bu be linked together it is prefabricated machine, increase substantially assembling degree.Present invention elastic water-proof binder will be pre- The joint seal on roof boarding heat insulating layer processed top so that one of waterproof roll of installation has the technology effect of two waterproof rolls of installation Fruit；The seam of prefabricated room panel need not install embedded iron parts and in length and breadth reinforcing bar, profound as long as seam crossing is mutually bonded with cementing material Military rock fiber cloth or the surplus of basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material can be connect with contiguous prefabricated roof boarding, and it is whole to become assembly Body formula roof boarding, stress is good, and seam is not easy to crack, good integrity, and energy-saving heat preserving is good, easy for installation.
4, the composite sheet material of embodiment two can meet the different performance requirement of exterior wall protective layer, different finishing requirements, such as Protective layer can both meet waterproof requirement, also meet steam permeability requirement, it is multiple that fabricated roofing be unable to do without vapor-permeable type basalt fiber cloth Close waterproof roll.
5, the prefabricated decorative board of embodiment of the present invention one, seven fires tapestry brick and granite curtain wall decoration plate than currently It is light-weight, save the energy of prefabricated processing, can be formed decoration with it is heat insulation integrated, with base course wall paste also use basalt fibre Cloth surplus is fixed, easy for installation and more reliable, and there are no ironware heat bridges.
6, embodiment of the present invention five solves the problems, such as to install exterior wall attachment on exterior wall so that energy-saving heat-insulating wall It is also convenient for installation exterior wall attachment, meaning is：
1) a variety of exterior wall attachments described in embodiment five can be installed on basalt fiber cloth or its composite sheet material protective layer The ironware of object, installation exterior wall attachment need not be fixed across insulating layer with base course wall, do not influenced wall energy-saving insulation effect, applied Work is easy for installation, and this be widely apply thin-coat plaster external heat insulating wall cannot.
2) vertical greening is carried out on basalt fiber cloth or its composite sheet material protective layer, preciousness is occupied without setting up steelframe Soil, soil value how muchDo not include the land values reduced, exterior wall vertical greening cost unit is only made without setting up steelframe Area can reduce hundreds of members even thousands of members！Not with the steel skeleton heat bridge of wall connecting, durability is good, is convenient for long term maintenance, Maintenance cost is greatly lowered.It solves the problems, such as obstacle exterior wall vertical greening, is conducive to be widely popularized exterior wall vertical greening.It is universal Exterior wall vertical greening can make city become forest, be effectively relieved city summer tropical island effect, adjust city humidity, manufacture oxygen, Noise reduction dust-separation improves appearance of city, improves air quality, air conditioning electricity is greatly reduced, very big to social effect.
3) door and window can leave base course wall installation, and door and window mouth heat bridge can be zero, reduce external heat insulating wall cost 100~120 Member/m2！
4) by curtain wall decoration plate and basalt fiber cloth bonding and with connection steel part and basalt fiber cloth in pre-embedded steel slab It is directly connected to, so that installation curtain wall decoration plate is become very simple, about 200 yuan/m of curtain wall decoration cost can be reduced2！There are no steel The floor space of keel and air space, and save valuable soil！There are no installation ironware heat bridges.With current curtain wall decoration Engineering ratio, the two energy-saving heat preserving effect is as far apart as heaven and earth, and solving current curtain wall decoration described in background technology, to build heat losses more, The bad problem of energy-saving effect makes the exterior wall that curtain wall decoration is built that can also meet the requirement for building low energy building, especially full Foot builds the requirement of passive type energy saving house,.
From the foregoing, it can be seen that the present invention solves many complicated problems that construction industry does not solve for a long time, application range simultaneously Extensively.
About decoration of exterior wall：
1) can on basalt fiber cloth the decorations such as swabbing, bonding applique surface brick, and be mounted directly curtain wall decoration plate.
2) composite sheet material that embodiment two also can be selected, is decorative layer with polytetrafluoroethylene film or flame-resistant terylene cloth.
3) air space, the curtain wall decoration of the hot bridge cut-off of steel joist, such as glass curtain wall can be also installed.
The present invention and the difference of public technology are：
1, always basalt fiber cloth is not mounted on the prefabricated panels described in embodiment one, to solve background skill Problem described in art.
1) technical standard order aerated concrete panel width is 600mm, and foam concrete plate is as external wall insulation width one As be also 600mm, there are currently no foam concrete as primary structure member regulation (without technical regulation to the foam of different densities The compression strength of concrete, tensile strength, elasticity modulus make regulation), foam concrete is primarily as thermal insulation material or fills out Fill material.Aerated concrete panel, foam concrete plate cannot all be formed the prefabricated panel or prefabricated building of big specification for a long time Panel is not all expected installing basalt fiber cloth to solve.
Fritter aerated concrete panel or the stickup of foam concrete plate are installed to high-strength, durable, flexible basalt fibre It pastes on cloth and mutually and is linked together so that it is a bulk of pre- that this low-intensity fragile material, which is also constituted by the door-window opening standard width of a room in an old-style house, Wallboard processed, and according to the prefabricated room panel of transport capacity composition large area, and ensure the peace in prefabricated, transport, lifting, installation Entirely, to increase substantially assembling degree.
Low-intensity fragile material is more than the width or area of prior art prescribed by standard, is exactly big specification prefabricated panels, The variation of matter is just had occurred in problem property by quantitative change, is not only breakage rate height, problem easy to crack, is not installed basalt fiber cloth Big prefabricated panels, the especially big prefabricated panel containing door-window opening, and no less than 2 pieces of aerated concrete panels or foam concrete The prefabricated large scale prefabricated roof boarding of plate, cannot carry safely, cannot transport safely, cannot lift by crane and safety is in place, for a long time with Carrying out this problem cannot solve always, if this problem is apparent soluble, architecture field expert can not solve
Even if although large area can be poured into a mould in template for cast-in-place arrangement of reinforcement foam concrete plate, if not installing the Black Warrior Rock fiber cloth, lifting by crane this link in demoulding cannot pass through, and necessarily cracking is scrapped and cannot be used, and it includes door let alone to be formed The big prefabricated panel of window hole, therefore architecture field expert has no idea to form lightweight friable material containing door-window opening for many years A standard width of a room in an old-style house big prefabricated panel or large roof slab.Cast-in-place foamed concrete plate is chiefly used in being used as floor heating on flooring Bed course, or on roofing concrete plate it is cast-in-place become insulating layer.
2) because of the basalt fiber cloth installed on prefabricated panels, at edge, there are certain surpluses so that prefabricated panel is certainly Body can be connect with major structure of construction.Even if section is the prefabricated panel of rectangular section, without by steel skeleton by dry wall Plate is installed in frame structure, and can be connect with major structure of construction using surplus：It interior will be more than basalt fiber cloth Amount bending pastes in horizontal or/and vertical clearance gap (with the cement polymer mortar containing adhesive), outdoor basalt fibre The surplus of cloth pastes with beam column lateral surface and nail is added to fix, and is connected mutually being pasted between prefabricated panel, is all fine with basalt The surplus for tieing up cloth pastes connection.Prefabricated panel itself is connect with major structure of construction has following significance：
A, light-duty assembled wall of the invention does not have to expend great deal of steel installation steel skeleton, and inside and outside two sides steel drift bolt It is unsafe by the assembled wall that prefabricated panel is installed on steel skeleton, has not been met low energy building and wall is wanted It asks, pollution of the galvanizing to environment also occurs.Even the prefabricated decorative board of the present invention is installed using the surplus of basalt fiber cloth But also the installation of decorative panel becomes abnormal simple and safer.
B, the light-duty assembled wall of the present invention is made to be easy to be linked together with major structure of construction, becoming can be by structure public affairs The flexural member that formula calculates, and simple, low cost is installed, this is that current light-duty filled wall is unexistent.
The wall only calculated by structure fomula is only safest, and degree of safety is equal to major structure of construction (wind load Combined value is that fundamental wind pressure is multiplied by height change factor, ground extra coarse degree coefficient, gustness factor, shape factor, wind lotus Carry combination coefficient etc., Xiamen is located at ground extra coarse degree for wind load combination value about 3.5kN/m of the building at 100 meters high of B classes2！ The wall that design is calculated by so big load can be dangerous).
3) basalt fiber cloth of the present invention is continuous on prefabricated panel surface, i.e., also has basalt fibre in door-window opening Cloth installs invisible door-window opening before fixing, and waits until after fixing prefabricated panel and frame beam column installation, just by door-window opening Basalt fiber cloth is cut off, and extra basalt fiber cloth is removed, and needs basalt fiber cloth to be mounted to pacify door and window mouth side wall It installs into, sees Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, this advantageously ensures that the safety of prefabricated, transport, lifting, installation.
4) stepped section cladding beam column is not always formed at beam column, there is the prefabricated panel of insulating layer outside beam column.
The prefabricated panel of the present invention can form stepped section cladding beam column at beam column, have insulating layer, beam column outside beam column Place only lacks base's heat preservation of board, but base's plank is the material that density is higher, thermal conductivity ratio keeps the temperature floor height, therefore to wall Weighted average heat transfer coefficient influences small.The construction of this prefabricated panel cladding beam column is current various prefabricated wall board structures And installation method is all no, solves in heating districts assembled external heat insulating wall at beam column built from concrete that insulating layer is weak, beam The problem of column is big heat bridge, therefore the requirement for building low energy building to wall could be met with thin wall.
5) thermal insulation board is mutually pasted to (stickup of block insulation layer brushing interfacial agents) to be linked together, to building aseismicity, to height Layer building anti-lateral displacement plays an important role, but never the thermal insulation board of the insulating layer of prefabricated panels and energy-saving heat-insulating wall is mutual The regulation being linked together or case history are pasted, this is not apparent.
Because always not insulating layer as length of load bearing material, but having forgotten " defeating a force with a tenderness ".Insulating layer is mutually pasted It is linked together the ability of the tensile strength and consumption geological process of competence exertion thermal insulation board.Even if not being EPS sheet, insulating layer is bubble Foam concrete or base's plank, insulating layer, unified external plank are all foam concrete or air entrained concrete, are either installed It in prefabricated panels, is also mounted on various exterior walls and does insulating layer, be required for being pasted and be linked together, it is also the same to play bubble Otherwise the ability of the tensile strength of foam concrete or air entrained concrete and consumption geological process consumes geological process energy force difference, seam It is exactly the weak link of wall at gap, but EPS sheet " is defeated a force with a tenderness ", effect is best, and EPS sheet has in very large deformation to be restored Ability, start the German seventies exterior wall thin-coat plaster heat preservation history identity, EPS sheet is resistance in current known organic insulation material Long property is best.
6) as the alternative reinforcing bar of tension material, (seam crossing need to meet the lap of splice to basalt fiber cloth on prefabricated panels It is required that), there are currently no in prefabricated panel, prefabricated room panel using basalt fiber cloth as the technology of tension material substitution reinforcing bar Regulation or case history.
Applicant once (was not difficult to reach by basalt fibre tensile strength values 1250Mpa in GB23265 standards 3000~4000Mpa) being multiplied by reduction coefficient 0.6, (structure design is exactly safety, and material has intensity storage as tensile strength design value Standby, load has the sampling factor of various unfavorable factors), and the 80mm wide basalt fiber cloth tensile strength provided with reference to certain producer Detected value.Take basalt fiber cloth surface density 300g/m2, each 150g/m of warp-wise, broadwise2Parabasalt fiber cloth, be mounted on Inside and outside aerated concrete panel difference thickness 120mm, 50mm, intermediate EPS sheet 130mm is thick, on the prefabricated panels of overall thickness 300mm, adds Gas concrete slab takes compared with low grade A3.5, presses《Steam-pressing aero-concrete Application in Building technical regulation》5.4.1 in JGJ/T17 Formula, 5.4.2 formula calculate, and can meet effective span 4.4m (floor height 4.6m is calculated by freely-supported bearing), wind load combination value 350kg/m2The Bend bearing capacity and anti-shear of (wind load combination that can meet Xiamen 100m high) cut bearing capacity； But it also needs to meet the regulation that amount of deflection is not more than 1/200, should be determined by testing；Because of the section rigidity and component thickness of component Cube directly proportional, component is thicker, and rigidity is bigger, estimates that its amount of deflection is not more than 1/200 according to previous engineering experience and test data sheet. The basalt fiber cloth, adjustment aerated concrete panel strength grade, prefabricated panel thickness that higher intensity grade also can be selected, meet Requirement for bearing capacity under different stressing conditions and deformation requirements.Load is larger when fabricated roofing is accessible roof, compared with large span When, the basalt fiber cloth of higher intensity grade can be selected.
Therefore, basalt fiber cloth is installed on prefabricated panels it is not merely and solves wall and prefabricated panels crack problem, if Only it is that solution crack problem is certainly obvious.The present invention solves：(1) low-intensity brittleness light weight board can be linked together The prefabricated problem of large area；(2) safety issue of prefabricated transport, lifting, installation is solved；(3) it solves and building body The problem of structure is connected and is connected with each other；(4) it solves the problems, such as to increase strength of wall body at door and window mouth；(5) prefabricated panels is solved Once mounting is divided into inside and outside two layers of installation question without first steel skeleton is mounted in frame by steel skeleton；(6) it solves The problem determined more than door-window opening wall heat bridge；(7) solve the problems, such as that external thermal insulation is bad at beam column, prefabricated panel insulating layer can Coat beam column lateral surface；(8) technology using insulating layer consumption geological process is proposed；(9) the 1.~the 3. plant prefabricated panels and The 4. prefabricated panels of the kind as the reinforcement lightweight aggregate concrete of filled wall, solves current assembled installation frame structure Light wall cannot all be calculated by structure fomula, the bad problem of safety, the alternative reinforcing bar of basalt fiber cloth, durability It is good, steel consumption is also reduced, the wet construction of exterior rendering in wall since the dawn of human civilization can be cancelled；The light-duty assembled wall weight of the present invention Amount is the 1/10~1/6 of heavy assembly concrete wall weight, than heavy assembly concrete wall reduce cost 50%~ 60%, also reduce major structure of construction cost, be greatly lowered build in material consumption, energy consumption, durability is good, safety Property it is good, also save valuable soil, and advantageous building aseismicity, this is that current all assembled wall technologies are unexistent.Greatly Amplitude reduces the material consumptions such as steel cement, and energy consumption of the building in construction is exactly greatly reduced！It is solved by the invention with Upper problem is the hang-up of construction industry in the world today.(10) the 4. kind prefabricated panels solve current heavy assembled coagulation Cob wall body weight weight, cost are high, have not been met the problem of building energy conservation 90% is to wall requirement, and it is the weight of arrangement of reinforcement to make base's plank Type concrete shear force wall can also meet building energy conservation 90% to wall requirement.
2,2) basalt fiber cloth mounted on wall positive facade is also curved installation to embodiment of the present invention 1 by item To door-window opening side (having insulating layer or without insulating layer), and it is connect with base course wall；And thin-coat plaster external heat insulating wall glass fiber net Ge Bu is not installed on the base course wall of door-window opening side wall.This technical measures solves the long-standing many difficulties of architecture field Topic：1) door and window mouth wall weakness problem, window wall plays booster action to the present invention on the door.2) door-window opening heat bridge is difficult to cancel, The present invention can leave door and window base course wall and install and ensure safety, can fully phase out door and window mouth heat bridge, form most effective door Window hole heat insulation break bridge structure.3) insulating layer is linked together or block insulation layer brushing interfacial agents bonding is linked together, favorably Building aseismicity is exactly seismic hardening to existing building, is to achieve many things at one stroke.4) door and window mouth heat insulation break bridge structure of the invention reduces 100~120 yuan/m of passive type energy saving house exterior wall cost2！Also wall floor space is reduced because insulating layer is thinned.
In conclusion the present invention solves many cutting edge technology problems of world architecture industry development.
If the present invention is it will be apparent that in scientific and technological highly developed today, why construction industry is in engineering reality for a long time It is all no in example or technical stipulationWhy architecture field is out of use basalt fiber cloth to solve above-mentioned problems
3, always without 4 kinds of composite sheet materials of embodiment two, this 4 kinds of composite sheet materials embodiment is not installed to The case history or technical stipulation on various building elements described in one；Always without embodiment three by the base of prefabricated room panel The prefabricated room panel of laminate material, insulating layer, waterproof layer synchronous with protective layer assembled installation, and by insulating layer in prefabricated room panel The technical stipulation or case history of seam elastic water-proof first binding agent seal, embodiment three make one of waterproof layer of installation that can be formed The effect of two waterproofs；It is attached that exterior wall is always installed without embodiment five on basalt fiber cloth or its composite sheet material protective layer Object, installation is not only facilitated, and ironware need not be connected and connect with base course wall across insulating layer, does not connect ironware heat bridge, Cost is also greatly lowered.This is that thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall is not accomplished.
4, basalt fiber cloth is installed or its composite sheet material is different from thin-coat plaster protective layer material, installation method difference, skill Art effect is different.
It is exactly wall protective layer, cement polymer mortar that basalt fiber cloth or its composite sheet material, which are installed on wall naturally, Only it is binding material, cement polymer mortar thickness is not required, cementation is played, it is viscous that cement sand can be added without Knot.
Be not required to cement polymer mortar thin-coat plaster protective layer in basalt fiber cloth or its composite sheet material outer surface, this with The installation method of folder Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh is different among current cement polymer mortar thin-coat plaster protective layer, and Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh outer surface is necessary There are cement polymer mortar thin-coat plaster protective layer, the Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh thin-coat plaster layer of binding material cement polymer mortar and intermediate folder Collectively as the external protection of wall insulating layer, so durability is bad, tensile strength is poor.
The present invention be not only it is always no, nor it will be apparent that also further basis：
First, propose that the present invention need to have following three conditions, it is indispensable；Because nobody has following three items Part, so the present invention cannot be proposed.These three conditions are：
1) it is familiar with problems existing for Contemporary Architecture technology.
2) it is to solve the problems, such as that contemporary wall energy-saving heat preserving technical problem, assembled wall, fabricated roofing problem, roofing are anti- Water problems needs untiringly learning and mastering multi-disciplinary, even inter-bank related with wall technology, assembled technology and roof waterproof The multi-subject knowledge of industry is familiar with many technical stipulations of industry, grasps considerable material knowledge, understands adhesive, fastener Etc. knowledge, understand different fibrous material performances and performance of plastic film.
3) on the basis of above-mentioned a variety of knowledge accumulation, the constraint for breaking through traditional concept is also needed.
World energy sources situation, environment situation are so severe, and the basalt fiber cloth of high-strength durable is installed on building element, Many complicated problems described in background technology can be simply solved very much, but why these complicated problems could not solve for a long time Certainly
Many people in construction industry, include the personage of research assembled architecture, and the personage for studying building energy conservation does not know the Black Warrior Rock fiber cloth, or basalt fiber material is not concerned with, its performance is unfamiliar with, or know and turn a blind eye to.And it studies Production basalt fiber material expert or technical staff do not know about problems existing for Contemporary Architecture technology, be ignorant of proper For the relevant a variety of professional knowledges of Building technology and multiple technologies specification, computational theory and material knowledge.
Solution wall power-saving technology, assembled architecture technical problem and Water-proof Measures of Roofs need multi-disciplinary, inter-trade Knowledge, this becomes the difficult point for only studying Contemporary Architecture technology with this professional knowledge technical staff, such as needs to have：Mechanics Rudimentary knowledge, building structure, Building technology, Architecural Physics, building thermal technique, construction professional knowledge are familiar with a variety of Building woods Material includes meaning, waterproof material (including plastic film), fastener and the inter-trade change of multiple fiber material and technical indicator Learn adhesive；It is familiar with wall power-saving technology, assembled architecture technology, theoretical, many technical specifications of waterproof technology of roofing etc.. Many construction quality common faults cannot solve for a long time, exactly multi-disciplinary or even inter-trade know because needing to solve these problems Know.
People are often by intrinsic common sense to bottling up, and thinking is spinned in all being enclosed at one, it is difficult to from traditional wall technology It is freed in the constraint of idea, only breaks through this fetters and plug with molten metal, can just find the method solved the problems, such as, could propose the present invention.
Applicant studies wall technology since at the beginning of 4 months 2002, so far more than 15 years, also quilt for a long time Traditional idea is fettered.The external protection of the multiple energy-saving heat-insulating wall patents proposed earliest is all hanging reinforcing bar, steel wire Cement mortar plaster protective layer, later propose " it is a kind of have Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh plaster composite component " patent, belong to thin-coat plaster guarantor Sheath proposes that number of patent application 2014100524647, a kind of entitled " energy-saving heat-insulating wall " patent are to use still later Prefabricated panels is protective layer, and prefabricated panels is mainly cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board, also belongs to cement mortar class material, but cut Cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board are cut like cutting granite, takes a lot of work, more, price height is lost, prefabricated and installation is all inconvenient.Such as This has walked many detours, and later thinking has breakthrough finally, breaches the constraint of steel, cement mortar class material, has found profound Military rock fiber cloth just proposes the present invention, many problems is made to be readily solved.
Second, the history of decades exterior insulation, the history of assembled technology and present situation prove that the present invention is never Have, nor obviously.
Northern Europe pastes EPS sheet heat preservation on exterior wall since the seventies and carries out building energy conservation, and cement polymerisation is smeared on EPS sheet surface Object mortar thin-coat plaster presss from both sides Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh protective layer so far.China learns building energy conservation, portion of the Ministry of Construction in 2000 since the eighties Long 76 commands publication, China start Building Energy Conservation Policy of carrying out in an all-round way, although thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall there are aforementioned various problems, The situation is tense for China's Energy situation, environment, and the channel of other energy-saving heat-insulating wall heat losses is more, and energy-saving heat preserving effect is bad, China can only emphasis promote thin-coat plaster energy-saving heat-insulating body technique, with thin-coat plaster folder Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh be protective layer.
But many countries are not an admission that thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall, such as the U.S. once use thin-coat plaster insulated wall the seventies in the world Body is opposed by internal people, is just out of use；Some countries such as Russia think that thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall safety is bad Seldom use.Thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall technology there are the problem of not only bad for China's sustainable development, and greatly hinder the whole world Reduce the process of greenhouse gas emission.
Also ALC prefabricated panels installation assembled wall, fabricated roofing described in background technology there are the problem of etc..
If the present invention is it will be apparent that proposing following query：
The present invention assembled wall, fabricated roofing and by various walls install basalt fiber cloth also curve peace It is attached to a window side, there are various advantages described in technique effect, it is significant to social sustainable development, why for a long time Since the expert of China and developed country and other countries of the world all without propose the present invention
The solution of these problems will reduce greenhouse gas emission to China and the whole world, reduce construction cost, to building Antidetonation, to promoting architectural industrialization to be of great significance, if the expert of China and developed country and other countries of the world has thought It can also not have to the present inventionThese experts are conscientious to the sustainable development in the whole world, it is apparent that can not possibly Expect the present invention and does not have to.Because they are not provided simultaneously with three conditions of the aforementioned proposition present invention, thus can not put forward the present invention. Therefore, this is proved further from the history identity of external thermal insulation wall body technique from the history and present situation of assembled technology：The present invention is not Only always do not have, nor obviously.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be in embodiment one 1) item prefabricated panels 2-10 is installed to the alien invasion schematic diagram outside frame beam column.
Fig. 2 is the 1-1 sectional views of Fig. 1, and prefabricated panels 2-10 is the of embodiment one 1. to plant prefabricated panels, is indicated prefabricated The connection of reinforcing bar is installed at the base plank 2-5 and column vertical joint of plank 2-10 and between base plank 2-5 at vertical joint Construction, and indicate that insulating layer 4, external plank 25 are coated on the outside of column, it pastes and adds the fixed construction of nailing plastic anchor bolt.It is profound Military rock fiber cloth 1-1 is also installed to window side and is connect with base plank 25, and indoor and outdoor basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is in door window side Face overlap joint pastes connection；Indicate that insulating layer is organic material in figure, window insulating layer is rock wool, good fireproof.
Fig. 3 is the prefabricated panel horizontal sectional drawing of Fig. 2, for convenience of the relationship indicated between prefabricated panel and column, figure center Trestle is indicated with thick dashed line.Being also represented by basalt fiber cloth 1-1, there are surpluses at the edge of prefabricated panels 2-10, are also represented by installation The basalt fiber cloth 1-1 of preceding prefabricated panels 2-10 door-window openings is continuous, and dotted line indicates to install prefabricated panels at hole After fixation, hole basalt fiber cloth is cut off into the position after installation；The Black Warrior after prefabricated panels is installed in the expression of column outer broken lines The position of rock fiber cloth surplus installation, outside will form decoration dividing joint or basalt fiber cloth and contiguous prefabricated plank 2-10 Overlap joint is pasted.
Fig. 4 is the 5. to plant prefabricated panels in embodiment one, is suitable for partition wall and installs, basalt fibre grid Cloth is located at both sides internal in base's plank 25.
Fig. 5 is the 2-2 sectional views before the prefabricated panels 2-10 installation of Fig. 1, and prefabricated panels 2-10 is the in embodiment one 1. planting prefabricated panels, prefabricated panels 2-10 and connecting structure at flooring horizontal joint are indicated, and indicate insulating layer 4, external plank 25 are coated on the construction on the outside of beam.For convenience of the relationship indicated between prefabricated panels 2-10 and beam, figure center is set a roof beam in place with thick dashed line It indicates.Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 at the edge of prefabricated panels 2-10 there are surplus, be also represented by prefabricated panels 2-10 installation antepositions in The basalt fiber cloth 1-1 of door-window opening is continuous, and dotted line indicates after fixing prefabricated panels installation at hole, and hole is profound Military rock fiber cloth cuts off the position after installation, after prefabricated panel is installed in the indoor dotted line expression with upper and lower flooring connecting portion, Reserved basalt fiber cloth 1-1 surpluses are mounted in horizontal gap and are connect with flooring.
Fig. 6 is also the 2-2 sectional views before the prefabricated panels 2-10 installations of Fig. 1, and prefabricated panels 2-10 is in embodiment one 2. plants；The outside of base plank 2-5 is more than inside, forms the external thermal insulation prefabricated panel of cladding beam column, remaining same Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 indicates that 1) 6. prefabricated panels 2-10 the plants prefabricated decorative board a in embodiment one, in the base of prefabricated decorative board Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or plastic foil 1-3 is installed in the outer surface unilateral side of plank 2-5, and there are surpluses at the edge of base plank 2-5；
Fig. 8 shows 1) 6. prefabricated panels 2-10 the plants prefabricated decorative board b, the basal plate of prefabricated decorative board in embodiment one Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or plastic foil 1-3 is all installed in six faces of material 2-5, and in the inside at prefabricated decorative board edge, there are surpluses, can It is connect for the steel skeleton with curtain wall decoration；
Fig. 9 is that embodiment two basalt fiber cloth 1-1 and organic fiber cloth 1-2 are compound, forms two layers of compound building Coiled material profile construction schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is that embodiment two basalt fiber cloth 1-1 and waterproof material 1-3 (including plastic film) is compound, forms two The compound building coiled material profile construction schematic diagram of layer.
Figure 11 is two basalt fiber cloth 1-1 of embodiment and waterproof material 1-3 (including plastic film) and organic fiber Cloth 1-2 is compound, forms three layers of compound building coiled material profile construction schematic diagram.
Figure 12 be two or two side of embodiment basalt fiber cloth 1-1 among have waterproof material 1-3 (plastic film) compound, Form three layers of compound building waterproof coil profile construction schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is the window side that basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is installed to wall by embodiment one, indicates that wall is in figure Lightweight wall.
Figure 14 is the prefabricated room panel sectional structural map of embodiment three.
Figure 15 is indicated to install insulating layer 4 on concrete walls, is curved basalt fiber cloth 1-1 by embodiment one and be installed to On the insulating layer 4 of door-window opening side, also it is installed on the base course wall 2-5 of jamb；Embodiment five is also represented by by window Family is installed on the basalt fiber cloth 1-1 of door and window mouth side corner end, and door-window opening heat bridge is the construction of " 0 ".
Figure 16 is current passive type energy saving house window heat insulation break bridge structure horizontal sectional drawing described in background technology, by sash 11 are installed on the wooden frame 16 being arranged outside door and window, also have the auxiliary case 17 of window between wooden frame 16 and sash 11.
Figure 17 is that the prefabricated decorative board a of Fig. 7 is installed to vertical cross section on concrete walls, and prefabricated decorative board is indicated in figure Base's plank be foam concrete, paste plus steel nail be fine by the basalt of prefabricated decorative board top (further include exposed side) Dimension cloth 1-1 or plastic film 1-3 and base course wall 2-5 is fixed, and is pasted with lower layer and side mounted decorative panel, and outer end is stitched Elastic water-proof sealing material is clogged at gap, forms decoration dividing joint.The prefabricated decorative board that installation meets heat transfer coefficient requirement is dress Decorations with it is heat insulation integrated, it can be seen that install prefabricated decorative board there is no ironware heat bridge.
Explanation：1, basalt fiber cloth is indicated in Fig. 9~Figure 12 sectional views apart from waterproof material, or all apart from plastic film There is larger gap, is for the ease of seeing construction clearly.Actually fiber cloth, waterproof material or plastic film are all very thin, mutually bond It is combined to together.2, for basalt fiber cloth 1-1 in wall sectional view or its composite sheet material 1-5 are indicated clear in sectional view, Thus drawn thicker.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment one：See Fig. 1~Figure 15, a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastics of present embodiment are thin The construction material of film is made of high-strength durable fiber cloth 1 and building element 2；The high-strength durable fiber cloth 1 is basalt fibre Tie up cloth 1-1；Further include basalt fibre and other inorfils are blended cloth, such as other inorfils are ceramic fibre or modification Glass fibre etc., or be other inorfil cloth with basalt fiber cloth performance；The building element 2 is prefabricated panels 2-10, or be various wall 2-5；In prefabricated panels 2-10 or/and outside is installed by basalt fiber cloth 1-1, basalt fiber cloth There are certain surpluses at the edge of prefabricated panels 2-10 by 1-1；Basalt fiber cloth 1-1, basalt are installed on various wall 2-5 Fiber cloth 1-1, which is also curved, to be installed on the base course wall 2-5 of door-window opening side or has insulating layer 4 on base course wall 2-5, profound Military rock fiber cloth 1-1 also curves the base course wall for being installed on the insulating layer 4 of door-window opening side and being installed to 4 inside of insulating layer 2-5 upper (rotation angle position seam need to mend viscous, to ensure the continuous of basalt fiber cloth)；
1) building element 2 is prefabricated panels 2-10, and prefabricated panels 2-10 has following 5 kinds, needs to select according to using：
1. prefabricated panels 2-10 is made of base plank 2-5, insulating layer 4, external plank 25 and basalt fiber cloth 1-1,； There is insulating layer 4 among base plank 2-5 and external plank 25；Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is installed in the indoors base plank 2-5, Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is also mounted on external plank 25；Insulating layer 4 and external plank 25 are more than the base plank 2-5 of inside, The prefabricated panel of beam column external thermal insulation can be coated by forming section, be used for the exterior wall of energy saving building, seen Fig. 3, Fig. 5；Or it is Cross-Section Rectangular Prefabricated panels, this prefabricated panel fire protecting performance is good；
2. prefabricated panels 2-10 is made of base plank 2-5 and basalt fiber cloth 1-1, basalt fiber cloth 1-1 installations In two side of base's plank 2-5 indoor and outdoors；The outside of base plank 2-5 is more than inside, and formation can coat the prefabricated of beam column external thermal insulation Wallboard is used for the exterior wall of energy saving building, sees Fig. 6, i.e., 1. the cancels insulating layer 4, external plank and base in kind prefabricated panels construction Laminate material is that identical material is integrated, such as all air entrained concrete or foam concrete；Meet energy-saving heat preserving requirement not Combustible material can not only be used for the base plank 2-5 of prefabricated panels 2-10 and external plank 25, is alternatively arranged as insulating layer, is coated on frame Beam, the column lateral surface of structure；Or the prefabricated panels that section is rectangle；This construction prefabricated panel fire protecting performance it is best, for pair The building for particular/special requirement of preventing fires；When base's plank is the very low foam concrete of thermal coefficient, it can also meet low energy building Requirement, be shown in Table 1；Unless fire-protection rating requires very high, it is specified that thermal insulation material is outside the wall of incombustible material, 1. the plants prefabricated board For the fire protecting performance of material with regard to fine, energy-saving heat preserving effect is also fine；
3. prefabricated panels 2-10 is made of base plank 2-5, insulating layer 4 and basalt fiber cloth 1-1, in base plank 2- There is insulating layer 4 in 5 outsides, in the indoors base plank 2-5 installation basalt fiber cloth 1-1；Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is also mounted on On insulating layer 4, insulating layer 4 is more than the base plank 2-5 of inside, and the prefabricated panel of beam column external thermal insulation can be coated by forming section；I.e. 1. the cancels external plank 25 in kind prefabricated panels construction, be used for the exterior wall of energy saving building, figure omits, or is the prefabricated of Cross-Section Rectangular Plank；The prefabricated panel fire line of this construction is poor, does not recommend to use；
The base plank 2-5 of three of the above prefabricated panels and external plank 25 are lightweight concrete, such as air entrained concrete, bubble Foam concrete, lightweight aggregate concrete (such as brickbat concrete).
4. prefabricated panels 2-10 is made of base plank 2-5, insulating layer 4, external plank 25 and basalt fiber cloth 1-1； There is insulating layer 4 among base plank 2-5 and external plank 25；Base plank 2-5 is armored concrete, basalt fiber cloth 1-1 On external plank 25, external plank 25 is lightweight concrete or is other incombustible materials；Insulating layer 4 and external plank 25 More than the base plank 2-5 of inside, inner concrete shear wall post-cast strip can be coated or coat beam column external thermal insulation by forming section Prefabricated panel, is used for the exterior wall of energy saving building, and figure omits；Or the prefabricated panels for Cross-Section Rectangular；This prefabricated panels and the 1. kind it is pre- Type concrete shear force wall or reinforcement lightweight aggregate concrete, the heavy concrete the difference lies in that base's plank is attached most importance to of panel are cut Section need to coat inner concrete shear wall post-cast strip when power wall, and section need to coat beam when reinforcement lightweight aggregate concrete filled wall Column external thermal insulation.The heavy siphonal lobe concrete of the heavy assembly concrete wall of background technology is become lightweight concrete, such as aerating Concrete or foam concrete.
I.e. basalt fiber cloth can be mounted on prefabricated panels indoor and outdoor both sides or be mounted on side, can also edge part peace Dress, such as when indoor base's plank is reinforcement lightweight aggregate concrete plate, can basalt fiber cloth only be installed in base's sheet edge Connect with agent structure or lightweight aggregate concrete plate in there is embedded bar to be connect with agent structure.
The insulating layer 4 is linked together, and block insulation layer seam brushing interfacial agents paste connection；Base's plank 2-5 It is mounted on basalt fiber cloth 1-1 for the light concrete plate of well cutting, the seam of base plank 2-5 is mutually viscous Knot splicing connection, if base plank 2-5 is Pork-pieces aerated concrete panel or foam concrete plate；Or base plank 2-5 exists Cast is formed and is bonded with basalt fiber cloth 1-1 in template；If base plank 2-5 is lightweight aggregate concrete or foam concrete When shape can be poured into a mould in template (contraction should not exceed permissible value)；
When the section of above four kinds of prefabricated panels is rectangle, prefabricated room panel can be used as, prefabricated room panel is complete when installation On roof girder；It can be additionally used in the prefabricated panel of partition wallboard and non-energy saving building exterior wall, dry wall when exterior wall is installed Plate is fully located in the hole of frame beam column；
5. prefabricated panels 2-10 is made of base plank 2-5 and basalt fiber cloth 1-1, the basalt fiber cloth 1-1 For basalt fibre grid cloth, basalt fibre grid cloth is located at two sides inside base plank 2-5, sees Fig. 4；It is mainly used for room Interior partition plate；When basalt fiber cloth is located at the indoor of light prefabricated plate, prefabricated panels surface was both may be mounted to, might be used also Basalt fibre grid cloth is installed in prefabricated panels, it needs to be determined that, grid cloth is unsuitable for being mounted on wall room according to using Outside.Basalt fibre grid cloth is installed (about from plate face 5 in two side of air entrained concrete intralamellar part of division wall by proximal edge indoors The positions~10mm are advisable), the reinforcing bar in alternative original precast aerated concrete plate, and can be mounted on without adhesive prefabricated In plank, the air entrained concrete of two side of mesh connects together naturally.Install it is simple when partition wall, can will be pre- by the prior art Wallboard processed is fixed with upper and lower flooring, but the surplus of seam crossing basalt fibre grid cloth is by contiguous prefabricated plank polymer sand Slurry overlap joint is pasted, and partition wall gaping of joints is can effectively avoid；
Above 5 kinds of prefabricated panels 2-10 are for installing assembled wall, fabricated roofing；
6. prefabricated panels 2-10 is prefabricated decorative board, prefabricated decorative board is by base plank 2-5 and basalt fiber cloth 1-1 groups At；Prefabricated decorative board is configured with two kinds：A, basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is installed in the outer surface unilateral side of base plank 2-5, sees figure 7；B, basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is all installed on six surfaces of base plank 2-5, the inside basalt at prefabricated decorative board edge There are surpluses by fiber cloth 1-1；There are decorative layer (such as decorative coveringn or decoration plastic film, decoration in the outer surfaces basalt fiber cloth 1-1 Cloth), prefabricated decorative board is formed, selects as needed, sees Fig. 8；
The base plank 2-5 of prefabricated decorative board can be incombustible material or to meet straw plate, the EPS of combustibility Plate, when being installed by embodiment seven using the prefabricated decorative board of organic insulation material, fire protecting performance is much better than thin-coat plaster heat preservation There is basalt fiber cloth isolation on wall, the organic insulation material periphery in every piece of prefabricated decorative board, can prevent fire spread；
The above prefabricated panels 2-10 can meet different grades of fire protection requirement, different energy-saving heat preserving requirements.
Because major structure of construction error is larger, prefabricated components also have certain error, prefabricated panel of the invention to be lifted into building If find that size is big some in layer frame beam column hole, cutting prefabricated panel is easy to, and is suitable for the size of agent structure, It installs very convenient, but the verticality of agent structure outer surface is required stringenter, but this is not inaccessible；
When the light-duty assembled external heat insulating wall of installation frame structure, the base plank 2-5 of prefabricated panels 2-10 is located at frame On the flooring set a roof beam in place in column hole, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are seen；Prefabricated panels 2-10 specifications and agent structure specification are adjusted After, the surplus of basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is pasted in tetra- side slits of base plank 2-5 (including vertical joint and water Flush joint gap), with containing adhesive pea gravel concreten or mortar by gap clog smooth out；Or base plank 2-5 and column 10-3's is vertical Straight seam crossing and adjacent base layer plank 2-5 vertical joints install vertical reinforcing bar 20 (as being 8 vertical reinforcing bars of Φ) and upper and lower flooring anchor Gu (such as spacing at a certain distance on indoor base's plank 2-5 of two side prefabricated panels 2-10 of vertical joint and on column 10-3 Horizontal anchor bar 21 (as being 6 reinforcing bars of Φ) and bar connecting vertical with Φ 8 300mm) be installed, seam crossing is used containing glue or/and micro- (vertical joint width is more than outdoor prefabricated panels 2- in room when installation bar connecting for expansion pea gravel concreten or mortar filling floating 10 vertical joint width)；The surplus of basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is pasted into vertical joint surface, sees Fig. 2；Or/and basal plate (air entrained concrete or foam concrete are small to bonding strength, should not use with flooring anchoring for material 2-5 or more embedded bars or ironware Bar Anchorage, when lightweight aggregate concrete, can use Bar Anchorage)；25 coated frame of the insulating layer 4 of prefabricated panels 2-10 and external plank The beam 10-4 and column 10-3 of frame structure, and pasted with beam 10-4 and column 10-3, also nailing plastic anchor bolt 19 is used to fix prefabricated board Material 2-10；4 seam of insulating layer of prefabricated panels 2-10 is mutually bonded that (brushing interfacial agents, insulating layer 4 is slightly when prefabricated by outdoor Width is a bit), such as have the gap filling 4 sheet of insulating layer and bonding；It is scraped at the gap of external plank 25 and smears polymer bonding mortar Adjacent external plank 25 is bonded；The surplus of basalt fiber cloth 1-1 and contiguous prefabricated plank 2-10 overlap joints are pasted in outdoor, or The surplus 1-1 of basalt fiber cloth is mounted on the outdoor seam crossing outside beam 10-4, column 10-3, and elastic water-proof is clogged in gap Fluid sealant forms decoration dividing joint；Installation nailing plastic anchor bolt can both be anchored with concrete, can also be anchored with steel construction, with Steel construction anchoring annular knurl nailing bullet；
When the light-duty assembling type outer wall of the non-energy saving building of installation frame structure, prefabricated panels 2-10 is located at frame beam column hole On flooring in mouthful, installation and the installation of aforementioned assembled external heat insulating wall of indoor basalt fiber cloth 1-1, base plank 2-5 It constructs identical, is pasted outside the upper and lower side surplus of outdoor basalt fiber cloth and beam 10-4, column 10-3 plus nail is fixed (solid with nailing It is fixed reliable), the surplus of basalt fiber cloth 1-1, which is also overlapped with contiguous prefabricated plank, pastes connection；
Or prefabricated panels is installed on collar tie beam or concrete floor, form self-supporting assembled low-rise building.
Prefabricated panel is destroyed in door-window opening when to avoid transport, lifting, and basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is in prefabricated panel appearance Face is continuous (seam meets overlap joint and requires), i.e., two sides have basalt fiber cloth (before installation is fixed inside and outside door-window opening The door-window opening of invisible prefabricated panel), see Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, waits for prefabricated panel being installed in frame beam column hole fixed Afterwards, basalt fiber cloth inside and outside door-window opening is cut off, is installed using basalt fiber cloth inside and outside the door-window opening cut off It overlaps and pastes in door-window opening side；
The explanation of table 1：
1., the calculating of wall average heat transfer system is that the hole heat insulation break bridge structure of embodiment five is taken by hole in table 1, Hole heat bridge is zero, and beam column exposed area accounts for the result of 40% weighted average calculation of wall area.
2., meet 0.15w/m in table 12.k the assembled wall of heat transfer coefficient is suitable for the quilt of heating districts energy saving 90% The exterior wall of dynamic formula energy saving house, remaining assembled wall is suitable for the common energy saving building of heating districts or compared with low energy building, also suitable For hot-summer and cold-winter area low energy building.By table 1 as it can be seen that the assembled wall of present embodiment can be built with thin wall, satisfaction If requirement of the passive type energy saving house to wall；
Installation the can be by the installation method of existing fabricated shear wall when 4. planting prefabricated panel, and insulating layer and external plank can Brushing interfacial agents or polymer adhesive mutually bond, and basalt fiber cloth surplus is mutually overlapped to stickup connection.
2) building element 2 is current various walls, profound if building element 2 is the base course wall 2-5 for not installing insulating layer Military rock fiber cloth 1-1 is mounted on the surfaces base course wall 2-5, is also curved the base course wall 2-5 for being installed to door-window opening side On, see Figure 13；Or be external heat insulating wall, external heat insulating wall includes base course wall 2-5 and outside insulating layer 4, basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is mounted on insulating layer 4, is also curved and is installed on the insulating layer 4 of door-window opening side, and is also installed to base course wall On 2-5, Figure 15 is seen；Or building element 2 is to have the external heat insulating wall of rigid course (such as the sandwich heat preservation concrete built up The siphonal lobe concrete of shear wall, siphonal lobe concrete are exactly rigid course), basalt fiber cloth 1-1 is mounted on rigid course On, it is also curved on the rigid course for being installed to door-window opening side and insulating layer 4, is also installed on base course wall 2-5, The insulating layer 4 is linked together or block insulation layer brushing interfacial agents bonding is linked together；
Basalt fiber cloth is installed and mainly pastes installation, it is also possible to paste plus steel nail is fixedly mounted, such as by basalt When fiber cloth is mounted in harder base, Pasting adds steel nail to install；
It mutually pastes and is linked together in insulating layer seam crossing brushing interfacial agents, the heat transfer in gap does not occur, to energy-saving heat preserving Favorably, especially seismic areas building and skyscraper is especially necessary, and can play its shear strength in anchor, to building aseismicity and height Layer building anti-lateral displacement is advantageous, should also belong to strengthening measure for earthquake resistance, but do not account for insulating layer confrontation in strengthening measure for earthquake resistance now The effect of shake does not require insulating layer stickup to be linked together yet.
To ensure that the present invention is used for the durability of engineering, when installing basalt fiber cloth, the adhesive for bonding is selected It is pollution-free, aeroelastic requirements under condition of different temperatures can be met, durability is good, good waterproof performance, and vapor-permeable type is good, meets adhesion strength Water soluble adhesive, and low cost.Polyacrylate dispersion is preferably selected, or is additionally added the polymerization of the materials such as powder, water preparation Object binder, under the conditions of not shined upon, durable years is no less than 50 years.Currently there are -50 DEG C of glass transition temperatures of satisfaction Cement base polyacrylate dispersion can meet aeroelastic requirements under the conditions of minimum temperature.
Also vinyl acetate-ethylene lotion or its dry powder (being commonly called as VAE dry powder), may also have other adhesive, but should be through Cross the test of time.It is that the materials such as cement, sand are added with VAE dry powder that German expert, which instructs the thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall of China Reconstructs, The cement polymer mortar of preparation can also reach not low when not irradiated by ultraviolet light with base course wall bonding part positioned at EPS sheet It in 50 years durable years, can be applied under the conditions of meeting glass transition temperature, but vinyl acetate-ethylene lotion or its dry powder is resistance to Aqueous and durability ratio polyacrylate dispersion is poor, and exterior surface of wall should not use.It is dry powder that only dry powder can be premixed in factory Mortar, use are more convenient.New material emerges one after another, can also select it is other it is pollution-free, durability is good, meet adhesive strength and Low temperature elasticity, the adhesive of steam permeability.
Embodiment two：Present embodiment is with embodiment one the difference lies in that present embodiment also increases organic fibre Cloth 1-2 (such as flame-resistant terylene cloth) is tieed up, or/and also increases waterproof material 1-3, waterproof material such as plastic film (including plastics are compound Mould), rubber etc., it is compound by basalt fiber cloth 1 and organic fiber cloth, or/and with waterproof material, form a kind of basalt fibre The composite sheet material 1-5 of basalt fiber cloth is mounted on the building element of embodiment one by the composite sheet material 1-5 of cloth；It is described The composite sheet material 1-5 of basalt fiber cloth has following 4 kinds, needs to select according to using：
1) basalt fiber cloth 1-1 and organic fiber cloth 1-2 are compound, form two layers of composite sheet material, see Fig. 9；Have when installation Machine fiber cloth 1-2 (such as flame-resistant terylene cloth), which is located at wall outer side, becomes decorative layer；
2) basalt fiber cloth 1-1 and waterproof material 1-3 are compound, form two layers of composite sheet material, see Figure 10；Such as waterproof material 1-3 is polytetrafluoroethylene film, and when installation, which is located at wall outer side, becomes decorative layer, and Beijing Water Cube external wall and roofing are exactly Polytetrafluoroethylene film, polytetrafluoroethylene film have self-cleaning, and color, which is added, can meet decoration needs；
3) it is mutual compound that waterproof material 3 is pressed from both sides between basalt fiber cloth 1-1 and organic fiber cloth 1-2, three layers of formation is compound Coiled material is shown in Figure 11；This three layers of composite sheet material can both be used as wall protective layer, it may also be used for roofing etc. is used as waterproofing work Waterproof roll determine composite sheet material 1-5's according to differences such as the water resistancees, tensile strength, elongation percentage of selected waterproof material Purposes.As waterproof material be vapor-permeable type polytetrafluoroethylene film or steam-proof type polyethylene film when, can be used as roofing waterproof volume Material；Vapor-permeable type polytetrafluoroethylene film or the composite sheet material of vapor-permeable type polyethylene film and basalt fiber cloth can be mounted on exterior wall. Different waterproof materials are selected according to different purposes, select different composite sheet material of the fiber cloth composition with water resistance；
4) composite sheet material that two faces are basalt fiber cloth 1-1, centre is waterproof material 1-3, Figure 12, three layers of formation are compound Basalt fiber cloth composite water-proof volume, for construction waterproofing engineering use, i.e., basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5 may be used also It is installed on roofing and is used as fish tail and waterproof layer；
Embodiment three：See Figure 14, present embodiment and embodiment one or two the difference lies in that present embodiment Prefabricated panels 2-10 is the prefabricated room panel of energy-saving heat preserving roofing, and prefabricated room panel includes basalt fiber cloth 1-1, base's plank 2-5, insulating layer 4, basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5 and exterior cover sheets 25 form, and the exterior cover sheets 25 are Pea gravel concreten or cement mortar protective course, layers of material bond layer by layer；There is basalt fiber cloth 1-1 below base plank 2-5； There is insulating layer 4 above base plank 2-5, such as paste installation EPS sheet, the EPS sheet seam crossing brushing interfacial agents of insulating layer are mutually viscous Patch is linked together, and the joint seal on 4 top of insulating layer (is suitable for impermeability insulating layer such as EPS with elastic water-proof binder Plate, XPS plate), roof slope making looks for slope or structure to look for slope with EPS sheet；Installation vapor-permeable type basalt fiber cloth is pasted on insulating layer 4 Composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5 installs the composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5 of basalt fiber cloth and PTFE film, multiple in basalt fiber cloth Brushing polymeric binder again is closed on waterproof roll 1-5, scrapes that smear pea gravel concreten or cement mortar protective course 25 fine with basalt Cloth composite of water-proof coiled material bonding connection is tieed up, the prefabricated room panel that roofing layers of material synchronizes assembled installation is formed；Seam both sides A certain range of upper protective layer wouldn't be made, and post-cast strip protective layer is done after prefabricated room panel installation；
Or prefabricated room panel is base plank 2-5 (such as aerated concrete panel or foam concrete plate) and lower part basalt is fine It ties up cloth 1-1 and top basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5 and compound the synchronizing of 25 4 layers of bonding of exterior cover sheets fills Prefabricated room panel with formula installation requires to determine according to fire protection requirement and energy-saving heat preserving；Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 and vapor-permeable type are profound There are surpluses at prefabricated room panel edge by military rock fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5, are pasted for seam overlap joint.
Prefabricated room panel stickup is installed on the beam or wall of agent structure and (also uses nailing shape when the Sloping roof gradient is larger Material anchor bolt is fixed), (there is guarantor in material cementing material (such as cement polymer mortar) bonding of prefabricated room panel section seam crossing Brushing interfacial agents mutually paste seam crossing insulating layer 4 when warm layer, such as have the gap filling thermal insulation board thin slice and bond, without insulating layer When by base plank 2-5 bond)；Seam crossing is by the basalt fiber cloth 1-1 surpluses of prefabricated room panel lower part and contiguous prefabricated room Panel is pasted and (meets lap of splice requirement), by the basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5 surpluses on prefabricated room panel top It pastes with contiguous prefabricated roof boarding and (meets lap of splice requirement)；Brushing adhesive again pours into a mould post-cast strip protective layer and basalt Fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5, which is bonded, to be smoothed out；Form basalt fiber cloth 1-1, the base's plank of the lower part of prefabricated room panel 2-5, insulating layer 4 (when having insulating layer), basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material 1-5 assembled installation synchronous with protective layer 25, Basalt fiber cloth 1-1 can be replaced or the reinforcing steel bar bear of partial alternative prefabricated room panel, forms assembled integral roof boarding, and can Form bi-directional pressured plate；
Adhesive meets local minimum glass transition temperature, can guarantee that the cement base polyacrylate dispersion of low temperature elasticity is matched The polymeric binder of system, weather check significant points can use polyacrylate dispersion magma to paste, make insulating layer EPS sheet itself As one of waterproof layer.Present embodiment installs the fabricated roofing of one of waterproof roll, essentially forms with two waterproofs The water-proof roofing of effect.
Since prefabricated room panel width can be increased, for pitched roof engineering, the prefabricated room panel of two side of ridge per side, it is each The roofing of the standard width of a room in an old-style house installs two or three pieces of prefabricated room panels, along with simultaneously by insulating layer, waterproof layer and protective layer together assembled Installation, increases substantially the assembling degree of roofworks, meets architectural industrialization direction.
It is undoubtedly highest with the basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material price that PTFE film is waterproof layer, but its is durable Property and water resistance be also it is best, can avoid every few years roofing will do heat insulating work again, do over again is required for each time Dozens of yuan/m2, a rework cost can offset the added investment of first engineering, and the building repaired every time will not occur Rubbish repeatedly carries out how much waterproofing-thermal insulation wastes in building total life cycle
Basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material intensity is high, soft, and adaptive temperature range is wide, and adaptive deformation ability is good.Peace The fabricated roofing of basalt fibre composite of water-proof coiled material is filled, does not have to installation vapour barrier, does not have to installation gas vent, do not have to installation female The extra play of youngster's wall flashing etc., reduces a part of material consumption and manpower consumption.
Basalt fiber cloth and the composite of water-proof coiled material of PTFE film are not installed, it cannot be by the air entrained concrete of base's plank Plate, insulating layer, waterproof layer assembled installation synchronous with protective layer, because being needed to set roofing steam discharge with non-breathable waterproof roll Pipe, small funnel-shaped exhaust pipe is infeasible on prefabricated room panel, and this inherently breaks roof waterproof engineering It is bad, increase waterproof construction difficulty.Therefore, the composite of water-proof coiled material for not installing basalt fiber cloth and PTFE film cannot be big The assembling that amplitude improves prefabricated room panel installs degree, continues to that present roofworks situ wet operation is more, and durability is poor, Several years situations with regard to the repair that needs to do over again do not meet continuable development principle, do not meet the requirement of green building, do not meet building The general orientation of industrialization.
Embodiment four：One of present embodiment and embodiment one~tri- the difference lies in that by basalt fiber cloth It, can be outside base course wall 2-5 or base course wall when 1-1 or its composite sheet material 1-5 is installed on exterior wall as wall protective layer 4 surface of insulating layer is mounted directly；Can also be installed by horizontally or vertically dividing joint, at dividing joint basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or its Composite sheet material 1-5 and base course wall 2-5 pastes plus steel nail is fixed, and outside elastic water-proof sealing material bonds close at dividing joint Envelope forms decoration dividing joint.The latter's good fireproof, good decorating effect；Because with installation basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or its composite sheet material 1-5, just with installation insulating layer, the outer surface of insulating layer is covered by basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or its composite sheet material 1-5 at any time, The probability that catches fire in construction is greatly lowered, and even if it is only local small fire to catch fire；In long-time service because between insulating layer whether there is or not Machine material, fire are not easy to spread, and fire savety is good, can effectively solve the serious accident of external heat insulating wall fire spread.
Originally built thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall, it is proposed that one layer of heat preservation layer is installed again, improves energy conservation standard, it can be by basalt The former insulating layer of fiber cloth or its composite sheet material seam crossing cuts away one fixed width, so as to by basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or its is compound The edge of coiled material 1-5 is fixed with base course wall 2-5, then adds the insulating layer that plug is cut away；Or installed on former insulating layer, add plastics Anchor bolt passes through former insulating layer to be fixed with base course wall 2-5, and recommendation selects the former.
Embodiment five：See Figure 16, one of present embodiment and embodiment one~tetra- the difference lies in that this embodiment party Formula also increases the built-in fitting 30 for installing exterior wall attachment, and built-in fitting 30 is usually thin-walled steel plate, and built-in fitting 30 is pasted pre-buried It is pasted on the inside of basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or its composite sheet material 1-5, and with inside material, the connection of exterior wall attachment will be installed Part 6 (such as tapping screw) is fixed with built-in fitting 30 or/and connector 6 is also pasted and fixed on basalt fiber cloth 1-1 or its is compound On coiled material 1-5, a kind of construction wall of installation exterior wall attachment is formed.
As exterior wall attachment be door and window, deformation joint cover plate, the plant of vertical greening, waterspout, solar energy photoelectric thin-film or Electro-optical package, roller blind, decorative panel etc..
Install door and window when by door and window leave base course wall 2-5 (assembled wall installation after, base plank 2-5 is exactly base Wall 2-5) it installs, the fixation of built-in fitting 30 or/and door and window and basalt are fine in door and window connector 15 and basalt fiber cloth 1-1 Dimension cloth 1-1 is fixed：By sash 11 with it is close with polyurethane foam glue 12 with the gap of door-window opening side wall basalt fiber cloth 1-1 Envelope is adhesively fixed.
As long as door and window leaves base course wall 2-5 on the basalt fiber cloth at the insulating layer of window side, so that it may with The heat that door and window mouth periphery base course wall is lost in is reduced, is exactly heat-insulating bridge-cut-off, but installation site is different, heat-insulating bridge-cut-off effect It is different.When window is mounted on the corner end of window side protective layer or close to corner end, the installation heat preservation of door and window mouth outside fills When ornamental thread, the thermal resistance of door and window mouth periphery base course wall is greater than or equal to main wall heat resistance, and door-window opening heat bridge is zero, sees figure 15.As seen from Figure 15, this installation constitution is easy for construction, this heat insulation break bridge structure can increase cold spot and indoor base wall outside door and window room The distance at external angle, to reduce the heat of door and window mouth periphery loss.
Connector can be basalt fibre band when exterior wall vertical greening, by basalt fibre band and basalt fiber cloth Or its composite sheet material is pasted and tapping screw is used to be fixed with built-in fitting 30, leaves a blank may pass through among band and be climbed for tendril section plant Rope, the plant of rope and greening is exactly exterior wall attachment；Or have greening bags in basalt fibre counterband tape, it can be put in bag Cultivation box puts planting matrix, and exterior wall vertical greening is quick, or with other shapes of connector.
Decorative panel can be directly installed on basalt fiber cloth 1-1, the company that will also install decorative panel with tapping screw is pasted Ironware is connect to fix with built-in fitting 30.Also can be used adhesive by solar energy photoelectric thin-film, solar opto-electronic board, etc. and basalt fibre Cloth 1 or its composite sheet material 1-5 paste, and connection ironware is added to fix.
It can also be fixed with the curtain wall decoration (such as installation glass curtain wall) of air space on basalt fiber cloth 1-1, use type Steel and steel plate form connector, have hole on steel plate, with tapping screw pass through connector steel plate and basalt fiber cloth 1-1 with it is pre- Embedded part 30 connects, and steel plate is pasted with basalt fiber cloth 1-1；Connector outer end keel vertical with curtain wall decoration, horizontal keel Connection, by curtain wall decoration plate on vertical keel, horizontal keel, to avoid the insulating layer of rigidity very little that from may locally occurring Deformation makes curtain wall decoration plate deform, it is also necessary to which setting structure supporting parts, the small bracket of concrete is such as arranged, and (two side of window is per side One small bracket can mostly be met the requirements if section is 80 × 120mm), vertical main joist is connect with the small bracket of concrete, can Ensure that the stability of curtain wall decoration plate, the small bracket of concrete about increase wall heat transfer coefficient 0.01w/m2.k, it can also build low Energy consumption is built.
Present embodiments provide for the methods that common attachment is installed on exterior wall, have also needed to structural measure sometimes.
Embodiment six：See Fig. 7, Fig. 8, present embodiment and embodiment one the difference lies in that present embodiment The basalt fiber cloth 1-1, the plastic film 1-3 that prefabricated decorative board is substituted with plastic film 1-3 are fluorine plastic film, such as (PTFE) film or (ETFE) film.
Plastic film for decorative panel should be nonflammable, and adaptive temperature range is wide, and tensile strength is high, and acid and alkali-resistance is good, resistance to Long property is good, and there is self-cleaning, current (PTFE) film and (ETFE) film can meet the these requirements as decorative panel.Heating districts are answered With needing gas permeability (otherwise interior will install vapor barrier layer).(ETFE) film steam permeability is poor but various colors, transparency are high； (PTFE) film steam permeability is good, only white at present, but coloured (PTFE) film is being researched and developed.Other plastic film some There is high intensity, but do not have self-cleaning, without steam permeability.(PTFE) film or (ETFE) film strength are than basalt fiber cloth lower It is more, but the installation needs as decorative panel can be met.
Embodiment seven：Present embodiment and embodiment one or six the difference lies in that present embodiment by prefabricated dress Plaque 2-10 pastes installation, and also with holdfast by the edges decorative panel 2-10 there are basalt fiber cloth 1-1 surplus or plastics The surplus of film 1-3 is fixed with base 2-10 (pastes plus holdfast is fixed, see Figure 17, or will decorate edges of boards with basalt fibre line The surplus of edge is connect with the hole of curtain wall decoration steel skeleton).
Installation prefabricated decorative board does not connect ironware heat bridge, and energy-saving heat preserving is good.

Claims (5)

1. the construction material of a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film, it includes high-strength durable fiber cloth and builds Build component；The high-strength durable fiber cloth is basalt fiber cloth；The building element is prefabricated panels or is various walls；
It is characterized in that, in prefabricated panels or/and outside is equipped with basalt fiber cloth；On various walls and the door of wall Window hole side is equipped with basalt fiber cloth.
2. the construction material of a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth according to claim 1 or/and plastic film,
It is characterized in that, the building element is prefabricated panels, prefabricated panels has following 6 kinds：
1. prefabricated panels includes base's plank, insulating layer, external plank and basalt fiber cloth；In base's plank and external plank Between have on insulating layer；Insulating layer and external plank are more than base's plank of inside, form the prefabricated panel of cladding beam column external thermal insulation； Or the section of prefabricated panels is rectangle；
2. prefabricated panels includes base's plank, basalt fiber cloth；The outside of base's plank is more than inside, is formed outside cladding beam column The prefabricated panel of heat preservation；Or the section of prefabricated panels is rectangle；
3. prefabricated panels includes base's plank, insulating layer, basalt fiber cloth, there are insulating layer, insulating layer on the outside of base's plank More than base's plank of inside, the prefabricated panel of cladding beam column external thermal insulation is formed；Or the section of prefabricated panels is rectangle；
4. prefabricated panels includes base's plank, insulating layer, external plank and basalt fiber cloth；In base's plank and external plank Between have insulating layer；Base's plank is armored concrete, and basalt fiber cloth is mounted on external plank；Insulating layer and external plank More than base's plank of inside, inner concrete shear wall post-cast strip can be coated or coat the prefabricated of beam column external thermal insulation by forming section Wallboard；Or the prefabricated panels for Cross-Section Rectangular；
5. prefabricated panels includes base's plank, basalt fiber cloth, the basalt fiber cloth is basalt fibre grid cloth, profound Military rock fibrous mesh cloth is located at two sides inside base's plank；
6. prefabricated panels is prefabricated decorative board, prefabricated decorative board includes base's plank, basalt fiber cloth；The structure of prefabricated decorative board Two kinds are made：A, basalt fiber cloth is installed in the outer surface unilateral side of base's plank；B, all pacify on six surfaces of base's plank Fill basalt fiber cloth；There is decorative layer in basalt fiber cloth outer surface, forms prefabricated decorative board.
3. the construction material of a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth according to claim 1 or 2 or/and plastic film,
It is characterized in that, further including organic fiber cloth on the building element, or/and it further include waterproof material；By basalt fibre Wei Bu and organic fiber cloth, or/and it is compound with waterproof material, a kind of composite sheet material of basalt fiber cloth is formed, in building structure There is the composite sheet material of basalt fiber cloth on part；
The composite sheet material has following 4 kinds：
1) basalt fiber cloth and organic fiber cloth are compound, form two layers of composite sheet material；
2) basalt fiber cloth and waterproof material are compound, form two layers of composite sheet material；
3) it is mutually compound that waterproof material is pressed from both sides between basalt fiber cloth and organic fiber cloth, forms three layers of composite sheet material；
4) two sides is the composite sheet material of basalt fiber cloth, intermediate folder waterproof material, forms three layers of compound waterproof roll, the Black Warrior Rock fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material is as fish tail and waterproof layer.
4. the construction material of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth according to claim 2 or/and plastic film,
It is characterized in that, the building element is prefabricated panels, prefabricated panels is the prefabricated room panel of energy-saving heat preserving roofing, prefabricated Roof boarding includes basalt fiber cloth, base's plank, insulating layer, basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material and exterior cover sheets, The exterior cover sheets are pea gravel concreten or cement mortar protective course, and layers of material bonds layer by layer；Have below base's plank profound Military rock fiber cloth has insulating layer above base's plank；There are vapor-permeable type basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material, shape on insulating layer At the prefabricated room panel for synchronizing assembled installation for roofing layer layers of material；Or prefabricated room panel is that base's plank and lower part are profound Military rock fiber cloth and the compound synchronization assembled of four layers of bonding of top basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material and exterior cover sheets The prefabricated room panel of installation；The basalt fiber cloth and vapor-permeable type basalt fiber cloth composite of water-proof coiled material are in prefabricated room panel There are surpluses at edge.
5. the construction material of a kind of installation high-strength durable fiber cloth according to claim 1 or 2 or/and plastic film,
It is characterized in that, the building element further includes the built-in fitting for installing exterior wall attachment, built-in fitting is embedded in building On the inside of the basalt fiber cloth installed on component or its composite sheet material or surface, forms a kind of building for installing exterior wall attachment Component.
CN201720995716.9U 2017-05-11 2017-08-10 A kind of construction material for installing high-strength durable fiber cloth or/and plastic film Expired - Fee Related CN207878960U (en)

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