CN1986769A - High quality edible fungus culturing material and its production process and edible fungus cultivating process - Google Patents
High quality edible fungus culturing material and its production process and edible fungus cultivating process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to high quality edible fungus culturing material and its production process and edible fungus cultivating process. The edible fungus culturing material is compounded with organic matter containing cellulose and lignin, auxiliary nitrogen source, long acting nitrogen source, quick acting nitrogen source and water, and through natural fermentation and cooling to room temperature. The present invention has wide edible fungus culturing material source, low edible fungus producing cost,shortened edible fungus producing period and high edible fungus yield. The present invention is suitable for all kinds of edible fungus.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to high quality edible fungus culturing material, production method and use the edible fungus cultivating process of this culture material.
Background technology
At present, wild hardwood forest sharply falls sharply because of felling, and making with deciduous tree stem branches and leaves is that the development of the living edible mushrooms of wood of main nutrient raw material faces serious crisis of resource.In order to alleviate bacterium woods contradiction, the edible mushrooms worker is descending big time aspect the research of culture material.Chinese patent CN1058691 discloses a kind of mushroom grass replacing wood and grain method for cultivating adible mushroom, the bacterium grass is used for the cultivation of edible mushrooms as the main body culturing raw material.The flow process that this method adopts is: the bacterium grass is gathered → bacterium grass processing → culture material preparation → fermentation nitrogen pick-up → charging → sterilization → inoculation → mycelium culture → sporophore growth management → results.The bacterium grass is gathered and the course of processing is fully to dry after the bacterium grass is tapped, and is ground into the grass bits with pulverizer; Culture material by bacterium carelessly bits, inorganic salt, that sugar adds suitable quantity of water is formulated, bacterium grass bits (siccative) account for the culture material basic components weight ratio 96%～97%; Fermentation nitrogen pick-up process is the process through fermenting twice, and fermentation needs turning for the first time.Operations such as technology after fermentation nitrogen pick-up such as charging, sterilization, inoculation, mycelium culture, sporophore growth management, results are same as the conventional cultivation method of various edible mushroomss.When the culture material after the nitrogen pick-up of also promptly fermenting is used for the cultivation of the living edible mushrooms of wood, culture material must be through sterilising treatment, seeded process must be carried out under aseptic condition, the production cost height, operation is loaded down with trivial details, strict to inoculation technique and cultivation management, and the contaminated chance of edible mushrooms is many, yield rate is low, causes investment risk big.Owing to need under aseptic condition, cultivate, can not realize the open production of mechanize, work efficiency is low, is restricting the development that wood is given birth to mushroom industry.When culture material was used for the cultivation of the living edible mushrooms of grass, culture material will pass through and disinfect, after spray agrochemical chemical substance, and could inoculation culture.These chemical substances can remain in the edible mushrooms that cultivates, and edible back is unfavorable to HUMAN HEALTH.This method for cultivating adible mushroom is through facts have proved in addition, because the nitrogen content of bacterium grass is very low, though nitrogen pick-up step by fermentation, but nitrogen content wherein is still very low, therefore its biological transformation ratio is low, and yielding poorly of edible mushrooms do not produce big economic benefit, and therefore problem such as have labour intensity big (fermentation for the first time needs turning), fermentation is inhomogeneous, fermentation time is long can't be applied for a long time.Culture material behind the culturing edible fungus can't re-use, and is arbitrarily discarded, and has created condition for a large amount of procreations of assorted bacterium, and the production environment again of edible mushrooms is constantly worsened, and is unfavorable for the Sustainable development of mushroom industry.
Summary of the invention
The method that the present invention aims to provide a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing material and produces this high-quality culture material, by this method produce culture material can all contain xylogen with occurring in nature, cellulosic organism is a body material, its biological transformation ratio height, and must can not be directly used in edible fungus culturing, can improve the output of edible mushrooms through just disinfecting.
Another object of the present invention provides the edible fungus cultivating process of using this culture material.
The present invention is based on such design concept: add in containing xylogen, cellulosic organism and can slowly be decomposed the long-acting nitrogenous source that discharges nutritive ingredient, the quick-acting nitrogenous sources and the auxiliary nitrogenous source that can be discharged nutritive ingredient by the quick decomposition of microorganism by microorganism, and add suitable quantity of water and be mixed with culture medium of edible fungus, nitrogenous source is the material that contains crude protein; Improve the physical behavior of components such as xylogen in the culture material, Mierocrystalline cellulose and crude protein by fermenting process, the degraded of some complicated macromolecular cpds or resolve into simple micromolecular compound, the bacterium mycelium that makes it to be eaten directly utilizes, and some objectionable impuritiess are decomposed, produce a large amount of microbial bacteria body proteins simultaneously.Quick-acting nitrogenous sources can be rapidly by microbiological degradation in the fermenting process, and generate energy, and culture material is rapidly heated to the required temperature of fermentation; Long-acting nitrogenous source is slowly decomposed by microorganism, and the energy of generation can make the leavening temperature in the culture material be kept, and culture material can fully be fermented; Auxiliary nitrogenous source is during the fermentation also by microbiological degradation, generate energy; Thereby make culture material through the time just can fermentation finished thoroughly1 in a few days.But the sprouting of assorted bacterium spore in the fermenting process inducing culture material simultaneously, utilize the high temperature in the culture material of fermentation back to kill assorted bacterium again, reach the purpose of inducing sterilization, culture medium of edible fungus need not or be disinfected through sterilization, just can suppress varied bacteria growing, realize open mechanized farming edible mushrooms.Therefore after culture material is degraded by fermentation, not only can reduce the pollution rate of culture material, and improve the proteic content of microbial cells in the culture material, add and also contain in the culture material not by the crude protein of microbiological degradation, its biological transformation ratio height, edible mushrooms output can increase substantially.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing material, it is characterized in that: culture material is mainly formed by the organism of cellulose or xylogen, long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source and an amount of water configuration, and long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source are the material that contains crude protein.
Described quick-acting nitrogenous source is a flour, and its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 30%; Long-acting nitrogenous source is a particulate material, is mainly made after the material more than 30% is pulverized by the vegetalitas crude protein content.
Also comprise auxiliary nitrogenous source in the high quality edible fungus culturing material, auxiliary nitrogenous source is a flour, and its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 8%.
The organism of described cellulose or xylogen accounts for 60%～80% of culture material siccative gross weight, and long-acting nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight, and quick-acting nitrogenous sources account for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight; Auxiliary nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～20% of culture material siccative gross weight.
Also comprise the oxygenation agent in the high quality edible fungus culturing material, the add-on of oxygenation agent is 0.2%～0.3% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.
Described quick-acting nitrogenous source is for carrying out the flour that puffing is made with the vegetalitas crude protein content again after the material more than 30% is pulverized.
The material that contains crude protein in the described long-acting nitrogenous source is to carry out the flour that puffing is made again earlier after pulverizing.
The prescription of described long-acting nitrogenous source and the shared weight percent of each component are: the material that contains crude protein accounts for 90%～100%, VITAMIN accounts for 0%～1%, inorganic mineral accounts for 0%～1%, and the material that the bacterium mycelium that can be eaten is decomposed into carbohydrate accounts for 0%～8%.
The culture material of the cultivating bag that the organism of described cellulose or xylogen is the culture material of the pollution bag that occurs in the waste material substratum, mycelium culture behind tobacco stem bar, wooden class, bamboo class, weeds, straw, crop stalk and tankage, the culturing edible fungus, endangered by worm one or both or multiple combination.
A kind of method of producing high quality edible fungus culturing material is characterized in that: be to adopt following steps:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: organism and long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source, the auxiliary nitrogenous source of cellulose or xylogen are mixed; Long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source, auxiliary nitrogenous source are the material that contains crude protein.
(2) in the culture material siccative, add entry, water content is controlled at 60%～65%.
(3) culture material is carried out the windrow one time fermentation, then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
In the step (1) organism of cellulose or xylogen be the culture material of the pollution bag that occurs in the waste material substratum, mycelium culture behind tobacco stem bar, wooden class, bamboo class, weeds, straw, crop stalk and tankage, the culturing edible fungus, the culture material of the cultivating bag that endangered by worm one or both or multiple combination.
Quick-acting nitrogenous sources are flour, and its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 30%; Long-acting nitrogenous source is a particulate material, is mainly made after the material more than 30% is pulverized by the vegetalitas crude protein content; Auxiliary nitrogenous source is a flour, and its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 8%.
The organism of described cellulose or xylogen accounts for 60%～80% of culture material siccative gross weight, and long-acting nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight, and quick-acting nitrogenous sources account for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight; Auxiliary nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～20% of culture material siccative gross weight.
Also add the oxygenation agent in the step (2) in the culture material siccative, the add-on of oxygenation agent is 0.2%～0.3% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.
After the organism pulverizing with cellulose or xylogen in the step (1), mix with long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source, auxiliary nitrogenous source.
The windrow fermentation is windrow spontaneous fermentation in the step (3), and the time is 6～7 days.
The windrow one time fermentation is to feed steam and air earlier in the step (3), makes temperature rise to 65～70 ℃ fast, keeps being cooled to 48～52 ℃ naturally after 8～12 hours, and keeps 2～3 days.
Edible fungus cultivating process, flow process is: with above-mentioned high quality edible fungus culturing material → briquetting (pack) → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Edible fungus cultivating process, flow process is: with above-mentioned high quality edible fungus culturing material → briquetting (pack) → slaking → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
The present invention compared with prior art has very outstanding feature and beneficial effect:
(1) adopts the present invention, can be with the organism of all cellulose of occurring in nature or xylogen, inexhaustible resource such as culture material of the cultivating bag that endangers as the culture material of the pollution bag that occurs in the waste material substratum behind tobacco stem bar, grease-contained loose shirt wood chip, bamboo bits, straw, weeds, crop stalk and tankage, the culturing edible fungus, the mycelium culture, by worm is as the culture material of edible mushrooms, after fermentative processing, become the high-quality culture material that the bacterium that can be eaten utilizes, solve the bacterium woods contradiction that the conventional cultivation method exists, helped the sustainable development of mushroom industry; Solved the technical barrier that culture medium of edible fungus waste material recirculation is utilized again; turn waste into wealth, improve resource utilization, the recycle of culture medium of edible fungus waste material energy is more than 3 times; help protecting and improving the ecological environment, meet the requirement of the profitable agriculture and the ecological agriculture.
(2) owing to the long-acting nitrogenous source that in culture material, adds, quick-acting nitrogenous source, auxiliary nitrogenous source, process is by microbiological degradation by fermentation, thereby in culture material, produce a large amount of microbial bacteria body proteins, add and also contain in the culture material not by the crude protein of microbiological degradation, so protein content height in the culture material, its biological transformation ratio height, edible mushrooms output can increase substantially, economic benefit increases substantially, and makes the present invention have the good potentiality of applying.
(3) but because the sprouting of assorted bacterium spore in the fermenting process inducing culture material, utilize the high temperature in the culture material of fermentation back to kill assorted bacterium again, reach the purpose of inducing sterilization, culture medium of edible fungus need not or be disinfected through sterilization, just can suppress varied bacteria growing, but direct inoculation carries out the cultivation of edible mushrooms, the edible mushrooms of producing meets the requirement of green food, make mechanize production culture medium of edible fungus and the living edible mushrooms of open cultivation wood become possibility, thereby reduce labor intensity significantly, enhance productivity greatly, reduce cost, improve the cultivating economic benefit.
(4) production technique of the present invention is simple, grasp easily, fermentation time is short, production cost is saved more than 30% than ordinary method, the Edible Fungi cycle can shorten 1/3rd to over half, output improves more than 30%, and product is through the monitoring of Fujian Province Institute of Analysis, and protein content is than using the higher of ordinary method.
This shows, the present invention has not only realized the important breakthrough of culture medium of edible fungus utilization of resources aspect, the resource that the originally bad bacterium that is eaten of occurring in nature is utilized becomes the high-quality culture material of edible mushrooms, also realized the important breakthrough of fungus growing technique, make edible fungus culturing realize open mechanize production, and alleviate the labour intensity of the living edible mushrooms production process of grass greatly, shorten the production time, eliminate safe hidden trouble.The present invention is applicable to all edible mushroomss, has numerous advantages such as cost is low, output is high, operating procedure is simple, and therefore, the present invention has the good potentiality of applying, social benefit and remarkable in economical benefits.
The contriver uses the present invention, has made 380,000 of high quality edible fungus culturing material bacterium pieces, becomes the piece rate to reach more than 95%, saves cost 30%, and edible fungi nutrition shortens 50% vegetative period when being used for edible fungus culturing, and output and benefit improve 30～50% than conventional cultivation method; Wherein the waste material substratum behind the culturing edible fungus is used to make 160,000 of culture medium of edible fungus, the actual log 320m that saves
3
See the following form with the living edible mushrooms of high quality edible fungus culturing material cultivation wood of the present invention and the benefit of the living edible mushrooms generation of grass and the contrast of traditional culture material:
Wherein the edible mushrooms in table 1, the table 2 is to adopt following planting technique: high-quality culture material → briquetting (pack) → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Edible mushrooms in table 3, the table 4 is to adopt following planting technique: high quality edible fungus culturing material → briquetting (pack) → slaking → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Wood living edible mushrooms (table 1)
| Mushroom 1000g | Black fungus 500g | Pleurotus eryngii 400g | Hypsizygus marmoreus (400g) | Coprinus comatus (1000g) | Sliding mushroom 2000g | Needle mushroom 400g | Oudemansiella Radicata 400g | Flat mushroom 1000g | ||||||||||
| The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | |
| Bag cost (unit) | 0.43 | 1.3 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.9 |
| Bag output (kilogram) | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| Breeding time (my god) | 150 | 180 | 70 | 90 | 60 | 80 | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | 90 | 120 | 90 | 120 | 60 | 80 |
| Yield rate % | 100 | 80 | 100 | 60 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 90 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 90 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 80 |
Grass living edible mushrooms (table 2)
| Mushroom (every square chi of siccative 2500g) | Straw mushroom (every square chi of siccative 2500g) | Agaricus blazei Murrill (every square chi of siccative 2500g) | ||||
| The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | |
| Every square chi of cost (unit) | 1.8 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 1.8 |
| Every square chi of output (kilogram) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Breeding time (my god) | 120 | 150 | 25 | 30 | 90 | 120 |
| Yield rate % | 100％ | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Wood living edible mushrooms (table 3)
| Mushroom 1000g | Black fungus 500g | Pleurotus eryngii 400g | Hypsizygus marmoreus (400g) | Coprinus comatus (1000g) | Sliding mushroom 2000g | Needle mushroom 400g | Oudemansiella Radicata 400g | Flat mushroom 1000g | ||||||||||
| The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | |
| Bag cost (unit) | 0.7 | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| Bag output (kilogram) | 0.75 | 0.65 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.25 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 1.5 | 1.0 |
| Breeding time (my god) | 150 | 180 | 70 | 90 | 60 | 80 | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | 80 | 120 | 90 | 120 | 90 | 120 | 60 | 80 |
| Yield rate % | 100 | 80 | 100 | 60 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 90 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 90 | 100 | 80 | 100 | 80 |
Grass living edible mushrooms (table 4)
| Mushroom (every square chi of siccative 2500g) | Straw mushroom (every square chi of siccative 2500g) | Agaricus blazei Murrill (every square chi of siccative 2500g) | ||||
| The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | The present invention | The tradition method | |
| Every square chi of cost (unit) | 1.5 | 2.3 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 1.8 |
| Every square chi of output (kilogram) | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.75 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
| Breeding time (my god) | 120 | 150 | 25 | 30 | 90 | 120 |
| Yield rate % | 100％ | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of high-quality culture material of cultivating black fungus, by the organism of cellulose or xylogen (reed 50%, not pocket mushroom bag 20%, the loose shirt wood chip 10% of long mushroom eaten by worm), auxiliary nitrogenous source (bran powder 9%, Semen Maydis powder 3%), quick-acting nitrogenous sources (soyflour 3%, soyflour is through puffing), and 5% siccative formed of long-acting nitrogenous source and calcium peroxide (oxygenation agent), water configuration form, the water content of culture material is 60%, and the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.2% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.Long-acting nitrogenous source carries out puffing for after bean dregs, cottonseed ground-slag be broken into fine particle, after then mixing with potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, vitamins B, the E of wood dust, starch and pulverizing, adds the particulate material that suitable quantity of water is made; Wherein bean dregs, cottonseed slag account for 95% (weight percent), and wood dust and starch account for 4% (weight percent), and VITAMIN accounts for 0.5% (weight percent), and potassium primary phosphate and sal epsom account for 0.5% (weight percent).
Its production method is:
(1) prepares the culture material siccative: reed is pulverized the back mix according to the above ratio with soyflour and the long-acting nitrogenous source particle of not growing the pocket mushroom bag of mushroom, loose shirt wood chip, bran powder, Semen Maydis powder, process puffing eaten by worm.
(2) add calcium peroxide and water in the culture material siccative, the water content of culture material is controlled at 60%, the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.2% of a culture medium of edible fungus siccative weight.
(3) culture material is carried out windrow spontaneous fermentation, the time is 6～7 days, and then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
The planting technique of black fungus is: high-quality culture material → briquetting → slaking → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Embodiment 2: a kind of high-quality culture material of cultivating white mushroom, and siccative and the suitable quantity of water configuration be made up of 70% tobacco stem bar, 20% bran powder, 8% cottonseed meal and soyflour, 2% long-acting nitrogenous source form, and the water content of culture material is 65%.Long-acting nitrogenous source is for to carry out puffing with bean powder, cottonseed meal, after then mixing with potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, vitamins B, the E of powdered rice hulls, starch and pulverizing, adds the particulate material that suitable quantity of water is made; Wherein bean powder, cottonseed meal account for 90% (weight percent), and powdered rice hulls and starch account for 8% (weight percent), and VITAMIN accounts for 1% (weight percent), and potassium primary phosphate and sal epsom account for 1% (weight percent).
Its production method is:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: the tobacco stem bar is cut into segment, mixes according to the above ratio with loose shirt wood chip, bran powder, Semen Maydis powder, cottonseed meal and long-acting nitrogenous source particle.
(2) in the culture material siccative, add entry, the water content of culture material is controlled at 65%.
(3) culture material is contained in plastic crate or mao bamboon braiding basket or woven bag middle cover upper film, feed steam and air, make temperature rise to 65～70 ℃ fast, keep being cooled to 48～52 ℃ naturally after 8～12 hours, kept 2～3 days, then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
The planting technique of flat mushroom is: high-quality culture material → pack → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Embodiment 3: a kind of high-quality culture material of cultivating straw mushroom, siccative of being made up of 50% flat mushroom waste material substratum, 30% straw, 4% bran powder, 3% Semen Maydis powder, 4% soyflour, 9% long-acting nitrogenous source and calcium peroxide, water configuration form, the water content of culture material is 63%, and the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.3% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.Long-acting nitrogenous source carries out puffing for after okara powder is broken into fine particle, after then mixing with potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, vitamin A, the E of wood dust, flour and pulverizing, adds the particulate material that suitable quantity of water is made; Wherein bean dregs account for 98% (weight percent), and wood dust and flour account for 1% (weight percent), and VITAMIN accounts for 0.5% (weight percent), and potassium primary phosphate and sal epsom account for 0.5% (weight percent).
Its production method is:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: after the straw pulverizing, mix according to the above ratio with flat mushroom waste material substratum, bran powder, Semen Maydis powder, soyflour and long-acting nitrogenous source particle.
(2) add calcium peroxide and water in the culture material siccative, the water content of culture material is controlled at 65%, the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.2% of a culture medium of edible fungus siccative weight.
(3) culture material is carried out windrow spontaneous fermentation, the time is 6～7 days, and then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
The planting technique of straw mushroom is: high-quality culture material → briquetting → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Embodiment 4: a kind of high-quality culture material of cultivating Brazilian dried mushroom, by 50% awns beanstalk, siccative that 30% straw, 6% bran powder, 2% cottonseed meal through puffing, 2% long-acting nitrogenous source are formed and calcium peroxide, water configuration form, the water content of culture material is 60%, and the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.3% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.Long-acting nitrogenous source is for to be broken into fine particle with okara powder, and after carrying out puffing, after mixing with potassium primary phosphate, the VITMAIN B1 of wood dust and pulverizing, adds the particulate material that suitable quantity of water is made; Wherein bean dregs account for 91% (weight percent), and wood dust accounts for 7% (weight percent), and VITAMIN accounts for 1% (weight percent), and potassium primary phosphate 1 accounts for 1% (weight percent).
Its production method is:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: awns beanstalk and straw are cut into segment, with bran powder, mix according to the above ratio through the cottonseed meal and the long-acting nitrogenous source particle of puffing.
(2) add calcium peroxide and water in the culture material siccative, the water content of culture material is controlled at 65%, the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.3% of a culture medium of edible fungus siccative weight.。
(3) culture material is contained in plastic crate or mao bamboon braiding basket or woven bag middle cover upper film, feed steam and air, make temperature rise to 65～70 ℃ fast, keep being cooled to 48～52 ℃ naturally after 8～12 hours, kept 2～3 days, then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
The planting technique of Brazil's dried mushroom is: high-quality culture material → pack → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Embodiment 5: a kind of high-quality culture material of mushroom culture, by 50% loose cedar sawdust, siccative that 25% bamboo bits, 15% bran powder, 5% cottonseed meal, 5% long-acting nitrogenous source are formed and calcium peroxide, water configuration form, the water content of culture material is 60%, and the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.2% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.Long-acting nitrogenous source carries out puffing for after okara powder is broken into fine particle, after then mixing with potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, vitamin A, the E of wood dust, starch and pulverizing, adds the particulate material that suitable quantity of water is made; Wherein bean dregs account for 95% (weight percent), and wood dust and starch account for 4% (weight percent), and VITAMIN accounts for 0.5% (weight percent), and potassium primary phosphate and sal epsom account for 0.5% (weight percent).
Its production method is:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: loose cedar sawdust, bamboo bits, bran powder, cottonseed meal and long-acting nitrogenous source particle are mixed according to the above ratio.
(2) add calcium peroxide and water in the culture material siccative, the water content of culture material is controlled at 60%, the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.2% of a culture medium of edible fungus siccative weight.
(3) culture material is carried out windrow spontaneous fermentation, the time is 6～7 days, and then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
The planting technique of mushroom is: high-quality culture material → pack → slaking → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Embodiment 6: a kind of high-quality culture material of cultivating Uricularia polytricha, formed by the culture material, 18% bran powder and the Semen Maydis powder that are bacterial contamination in 50% mushroom waste material substratum, 26% mycelium culture, 4% soyflour, siccative and the suitable quantity of water configuration that 2% long-acting nitrogenous source is formed, the water content of culture material is 65%.Long-acting nitrogenous source is for to carry out puffing with bean powder, cottonseed meal, after then mixing with potassium primary phosphate, sal epsom, vitamins B, the E of powdered rice hulls, starch and pulverizing, adds the particulate material that suitable quantity of water is made; Wherein bean powder, cottonseed meal account for 92% (weight percent), and powdered rice hulls and starch account for 6% (weight percent), and VITAMIN accounts for 1% (weight percent), and potassium primary phosphate and sal epsom account for 1% (weight percent).
Its production method is:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: the culture material, bran powder, Semen Maydis powder, soyflour and the long-acting nitrogenous source particle that are bacterial contamination in mushroom waste material substratum, the mycelium culture are mixed according to the above ratio.
(2) in the culture material siccative, add entry, the water content of culture material is controlled at 65%.
(3) culture material is carried out windrow spontaneous fermentation, the time is 6～7 days, and then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
The planting technique of Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. is: high-quality culture material → briquetting → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Embodiment 7: a kind of high-quality culture material of cultivating flammulina velutipes, dispose and form through the cottonseed meal of puffing and siccative that soyflour, 6% long-acting nitrogenous source are formed and calcium peroxide, water by 25% peanut hull meal, 30% cassava stalk, 15% loose cedar sawdust, 15% bran powder, 6% Semen Maydis powder, 3%, the water content of culture material is 65%, and the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.3% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.Long-acting nitrogenous source is for to be broken into fine particle with okara powder, and after carrying out puffing, with wood dust, and after potassium primary phosphate, the vitamin-E pulverized mix, add the particulate material that suitable quantity of water is made; Wherein bean dregs account for 93.9% (weight percent), and wood dust accounts for 5% (weight percent), and VITAMIN accounts for 0.1% (weight percent), and potassium primary phosphate 1 accounts for 1% (weight percent).
Its production method is:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: after the pulverizing of cassava stalk, mix according to the above ratio with loose cedar sawdust, peanut hull meal, bran powder, Semen Maydis powder, the cottonseed meal that passes through puffing and soyflour and long-acting nitrogenous source particle.
(2) add calcium peroxide and water in the culture material siccative, the water content of culture material is controlled at 65%, the add-on of calcium peroxide is 0.3% of a culture medium of edible fungus siccative weight.
(3) culture material is carried out windrow spontaneous fermentation, the time is 6～7 days, and then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
The planting technique of needle mushroom is: high-quality culture material → briquetting → slaking → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
Claims (18)
1, a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing material is characterized in that: culture material is mainly formed by the organism of cellulose or xylogen, long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source and an amount of water configuration, and long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source are the material that contains crude protein.
2, a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described quick-acting nitrogenous sources are flour, and its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 30%; Long-acting nitrogenous source is a particulate material, is mainly made after the material more than 30% is pulverized by the vegetalitas crude protein content.
3, a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprise also in the high quality edible fungus culturing material that auxiliary nitrogenous source, auxiliary nitrogenous source are flour, its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 8%.
4, a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the organism of described cellulose or xylogen accounts for 60%～80% of culture material siccative gross weight, long-acting nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight, and quick-acting nitrogenous sources account for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight; Auxiliary nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～20% of culture material siccative gross weight.
5, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: comprise also in the high quality edible fungus culturing material that oxygenation agent, the add-on of oxygenation agent are 0.2%～0.3% of edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.
6, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: described quick-acting nitrogenous sources are for carrying out the flour that puffing is made with the vegetalitas crude protein content again after the material more than 30% is pulverized.
7, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: the material that contains crude protein in the described long-acting nitrogenous source is to carry out the flour that puffing is made again earlier after pulverizing.
8, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: the prescription of described long-acting nitrogenous source and the shared weight percent of each component are: the material that contains crude protein accounts for 90%～100%, VITAMIN accounts for 0%～1%, inorganic mineral accounts for 0%～1%, and the material that the bacterium mycelium that can be eaten is decomposed into carbohydrate accounts for 0%～8%.
9, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: the organism of described cellulose or xylogen is the culture medium of edible fungus of waste material substratum, snake behind tobacco stem bar, wooden class, bamboo class, weeds, straw, crop stalk and tankage, the culturing edible fungus, by one or both or multiple combination in the culture material of living contaminants.
10, a kind of method of producing high quality edible fungus culturing material is characterized in that: be to adopt following steps:
(1) preparation culture material siccative: organism and long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source, the auxiliary nitrogenous source of cellulose or xylogen are mixed; Long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source, auxiliary nitrogenous source are the material that contains crude protein.
(2) in the culture material siccative, add entry, water content is controlled at 60%～65%.
(3) culture material is carried out the windrow one time fermentation, then culture material being cooled to normal temperature can use.
11, the method for production high quality edible fungus culturing material according to claim 10 is characterized in that: in the step (1) organism of cellulose or xylogen be the culture medium of edible fungus of waste material substratum, snake behind tobacco stem bar, wooden class, bamboo class, weeds, straw, crop stalk and tankage, the culturing edible fungus, by one or both or multiple combination in the culture material of living contaminants; Quick-acting nitrogenous sources are flour, and its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 30%; Long-acting nitrogenous source is a particulate material, is mainly made after the material more than 30% is pulverized by the vegetalitas crude protein content; Auxiliary nitrogenous source is a flour, and its vegetalitas crude protein content is more than 8%.
12, according to the method for claim 10 or 11 described production high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: the organism of cellulose or xylogen accounts for 60%～80% of culture material siccative gross weight in the step (1), long-acting nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight, and quick-acting nitrogenous sources account for 1%～10% of culture material siccative gross weight; Auxiliary nitrogenous source accounts for 1%～20% of culture material siccative gross weight.
13, according to the method for claim 10 or 11 described production high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: also add the oxygenation agent in the step (2) in the culture material siccative, the add-on of oxygenation agent is 0.2%～0.3% of an edible mushrooms cultivation siccative weight.
14, according to the method for claim 10 or 11 described production high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: be after the organism of cellulose or xylogen is pulverized, to mix in the step (1) with long-acting nitrogenous source, quick-acting nitrogenous source, auxiliary nitrogenous source.
15, according to the method for claim 10 or 11 described production high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: the windrow one time fermentation is windrow spontaneous fermentation in the step (3), and the time is 6～7 days.
16, according to the method for claim 10 or 11 described production high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: the windrow one time fermentation is for feeding steam and air earlier in the step (3), make the interior temperature of culture material rise to 65～70 ℃ fast, keep being cooled to 48～52 ℃ naturally after 8～12 hours, and kept 2～3 days.
17, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: described high-quality culture material is applied to edible fungus cultivating process, and flow process is: culture material → briquetting or pack → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
18, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described a kind of high quality edible fungus culturing materials, it is characterized in that: described high-quality culture material is applied to edible fungus cultivating process, and flow process is: culture material → briquetting or pack → slaking → inoculation → cultivation → fruiting.
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| CN101627699A (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2010-01-20 | 郑州大学 | Method for planting edible fungi and producing artificial grass peat by using cabo |
| CN102511312A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 天津市林业果树研究所 | Method for processing cultivation material for edible fungi |
| CN102584394A (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2012-07-18 | 湖南省和盛农业开发有限公司 | Edible fungi culture medium |
| CN104168758A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-11-26 | Eko投资公司 | Method for production of casing for cultivating mushrooms and/or plants |
| CN104718987A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-24 | 江南大学 | Cordyceps sinensis chenopodium quinoa |
| CN104718989A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-24 | 江南大学 | Cordyceps sinensis dasheen |
| CN106431630A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 内蒙古锦华生物科技有限公司金寨分公司 | Edible fungus culture material for processing edible fungus solid drink |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101627699A (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2010-01-20 | 郑州大学 | Method for planting edible fungi and producing artificial grass peat by using cabo |
| CN101627699B (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2013-09-25 | 郑州大学 | Method for planting edible fungi and producing artificial grass peat by using cabo |
| CN102511312A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-06-27 | 天津市林业果树研究所 | Method for processing cultivation material for edible fungi |
| CN104168758A (en) * | 2012-01-20 | 2014-11-26 | Eko投资公司 | Method for production of casing for cultivating mushrooms and/or plants |
| CN102584394A (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2012-07-18 | 湖南省和盛农业开发有限公司 | Edible fungi culture medium |
| CN104718989A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-24 | 江南大学 | Cordyceps sinensis dasheen |
| CN104718987A (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-06-24 | 江南大学 | Cordyceps sinensis chenopodium quinoa |
| CN106431630A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 内蒙古锦华生物科技有限公司金寨分公司 | Edible fungus culture material for processing edible fungus solid drink |
| CN106565324A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-19 | 安徽多多利农业科技有限公司 | Edible fungus cultivation matrix prepared by sunflower by-products |
| CN107177515A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-09-19 | 宁德师范学院 | A kind of ganoderma lucidum solid spawn and its application in ganoderma lucidum liquid submerged fermentation |
| CN108405565A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-17 | 天津天人世纪科技股份有限公司 | A kind of agricultural wastes full constituent utilizes method |
| CN111386968A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-07-10 | 中华全国供销合作总社南京野生植物综合利用研究所 | Method for cultivating Pinggu with masson pine wood chip culture medium containing cordyceps militaris mushroom bran |
| CN117099608A (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2023-11-24 | 西昌学院 | Tobacco waste composting pretreatment method |
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