CN105218257A - A kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material suppressing miscellaneous bacteria and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material suppressing miscellaneous bacteria and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material suppressing miscellaneous bacteria and preparation method thereof, it comprises corn cob, wheat bran, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, terra alba, lime powder, cotton seed hulls, sugar, light calcium carbonate, bacterium chaff, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, Chinese wistaria skin, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of the present invention take corn cob as major ingredient, be equipped with wheat bran, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, cotton seed hulls, final obtained pleurotus eryngii cultivating material can anti-living contaminants, especially Chinese wistaria leaf, the ratio of Chinese wistaria skin and corn cob, greatly can improve and suppress miscellaneous bacteria effect, especially the generation of green mold bacterium can be suppressed, what improve Pleurotus eryngii sends out bacterium rate, it is fast that mycelia sends out bacterium, grow vigorous, mycelia is pure white dense, avoid the situations such as the appearance of contaminated bacteria bag, Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is pure white, mushroom type rounding, there is no misshapen mushroom, biological transformation ratio reaches 110%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material suppressing miscellaneous bacteria and preparation method thereof, belong to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus eryngii, has another name called pleurotus eryngii, is to cultivate successful a kind of Rare edible fungus new variety in recent years.This mushroom bacterial context is plump, and quality is tender and crisp, stem dense structure, milky white, can all eat, and the more crisp cunning of stem, tasty and refreshing, is called as " dried scallop mushroom ", is applicable to fresh-keeping, processing etc.Mushroom meat mouthfeel is fresh and tender, fragrant taste, has almond flavor and abalone taste, and nutritious.Also there is reducing blood-fat, decreasing cholesterol, promotion gastro-intestinal digestion, enhancing body immunological competence in addition, prevent the effects such as cardiovascular disorder, be loved by the people, remarkable in economical benefits.
Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of decomposition of cellulose, xylogen, edible mushrooms that protein-energy is stronger, Carbon and nitrogen sources in the raw material of various agricultural byproducts tankage and cultivating white mushroom can be absorbed utilization, especially with major ingredients such as cotton seed hulls, waste cotton, hardwood sawdust, corn cobs, the auxiliary materials such as appropriate interpolation wheat bran, rice bran, Semen Maydis powder, improve nitrogenous source for best.Pleurotus eryngii nitrogenous source is abundanter, and mycelial growth is better, and output is also higher.
In recent years, Pleurotus eryngii had become a rising star in factorial praluction edible mushrooms family of China, because its quality is tender and crisp, delicious in taste, nutritious, and was applicable to fresh-keeping, and processing and culinary art etc., like by human consumer deeply.
The reproductive condition of Pleurotus eryngii is as follows:
1. nutrition: Pleurotus eryngii a kind ofly decomposes xylogen, edible mushrooms that Mierocrystalline cellulose ability is stronger, needs richer nutrition, particularly nitrogenous source abundant, mycelial growth can be made luxuriant, output increased.Tame major ingredient, on the culture materials such as cotton seed hull, wood chip, bagasse, straw, growth very well.Substituting stuff cultivation adds subsidiary material, and as rice bran, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, cotton seed powder cake, calcium carbonate, sugar etc., can promote mycelial growth spreads, and increases mushroom flower bud formation volume.
2. moisture: Pleurotus eryngii is more drought-enduring, but water content is suitable is more conducive to it and grows, and improves output.Vegetative stage, culture material appropriate aqueous amount is 60%-65%, but because should not spray water on mushroom body when cultivating, the moisture needed for mushroom body is mainly derived from culture material, so appropriately can be increased to 65%-70% during allotment Compost moisture content.Relative air humidity, the mycelial growth stage about 60%, and after existing former base the fruiting body differentiation stage be advisable with 90-95%, the sporophore growth stage suitably can turn down 85-90%.
3. temperature: temperature is the key determining planting almond abalone mushroom success or failure and output height.The temperature of mycelial growth is 22-27 DEG C, and optimum temperuture is about 25 DEG C, and higher than 30 DEG C, mycelial growth is bad.Pleurotus eryngii is constant temperature steadiness mushroom class, excessive temperature differentials, the generation of unfavorable former base, fruiting temperature field is 10-18 DEG C, optimum temperuture 12-16 DEG C, can not show former base lower than 8 DEG C, easily emerge in large numbers misshapen mushroom higher than more than 20 DEG C, also disease can occur, cause dead mushroom, rotten mushroom.Sporophore growth temperature is 10-21 DEG C, and optimum temperuture is 10-18 DEG C.To the restraining of temperature, different because bacterial strain is different, the feature of bacterial strain will be given special heed to when introducing a fine variety.
4. air: mycelial growth stage oxygen requirement is relatively less, the carbonic acid gas of lower concentration also has hormesis to mycelial growth, along with the growth of mycelia, the CO2 concentration in bag (bottle) edges up more than 2% by 0.03% of content in normal air, and mycelia still can grow very well.The existing former base period then needs sufficient oxygen, and CO2 concentration should drop to about 0.5%.Otherwise former base is undifferentiated and enlarge into spherical.The mushroom bulk-growth growth period needs air fresh, and CO2 concentration is advisable to be less than 0.4%.
5. illumination: the mycelial growth stage does not need light, can accelerate mycelial growth in dark conditions.The growth and development stage of existing former base and sporophore then needs certain scattered light, and suitable intensity of illumination is 500-1000Lx.
6. potential of hydrogen: the pH value thresholding of mycelial growth is 4-8, and optimal pH is 6.5-7.5.The optimum pH in fruiting stage is 5.5-6.5.
Chinese patent literature CN101456772B (application number: 200810243835.4) disclose culture material of a kind of Pleurotus eryngii and preparation method thereof, this culture material comprises cotton seed hulls or wheat straw or straw or corn cob 75-80%, wheat bran or rice bran 5-12%, the argol just 8-10% of poultry, Semen Maydis powder 3-8%, plaster of Paris 1-2%, sucrose 0.5-1.5%, unslaked lime 0.5-1.5%, potassium primary phosphate 0.1-0.3% is added again by the total amount of above-mentioned batching, magnesium sulfate 0.1-0.2%, each component is all weight percent, the argol of cotton seed hulls or wheat straw or straw or corn cob and poultry just uses advance windrow to amass retting: the culture material after Xinbao mushroom culturing is also field earth backing process on the spot: adopt this technical scheme, Pleurotus geesteranus biological growth can be made better, overcome the unspecial defect for the culture material that Pleurotus geesteranus grows and prepare in prior art, simplify production technique, shorten the growth cycle of Pleurotus eryngii, improve the biological transformation ratio of Pleurotus eryngii, but its shortcoming is that not only raw material is many for the formula of culture material, production cost is higher, and batching is complicated, production environment peculiar smell weight, larger on the body and mind impact of staff.
Chinese patent literature CN1166272C (application number: 02110053.5) disclose the method utilizing maize straw Xinbao mushroom culturing, it is the one-level kind of bacterial classification, the preparation of secondary kind that the method comprises Pleurotus eryngii, prepared by cultivation matrix, by cultivation matrix one access secondary kind under aseptic condition, send out bacterium and cultivate, fruiting, adopt mushroom, it is characterized in that cultivation medium formula is: major ingredient: maize straw 40-100 part, be weight part, lower same, cotton seed hulls 0-100 part; Auxiliary material: wheat bran 4-20 part, cottonseed cake 2-10 part, white sugar 0.4-2 part, terra alba 0.4-2 part, calcium superphosphate 0.4-2 part; Moisture: water 85-430 part, heavy 0.75-1.2 kilogram every bag of cultivation matrix pack, secondary kind inoculum size is 15-30 wheat every bag, after inoculation, sack is tightened, send out bacterium and cultivate 40-50 days, fruiting, former base forms rear 5-12 days and gathers, and goes out second batch of mushroom again after adopting mushroom by change of tide.Above-mentioned method Xinbao mushroom culturing quality is slightly soft, and fruiting lacks of staying power.
In two kinds of above-mentioned methods with maize straw or agricultural crop straw for major ingredient, and clearly disclose in " the Edible Fungi technology " the 3rd section Section eight that Chemical Industry Press publishes: Pleurotus eryngii is not liked and is produced on straw substrate, first-selected cotton seed hulls raw material in production, secondly can the neither too hard, nor too soft scrap wood material of more alternative materials, as poplar, willow, elm, oak, toothed oak etc.
Chinese patent literature CN101717109 discloses a kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material, comprise the component of following weight percent: wood chip 35%, corn cob 30%, rice bran 20%, wheat bran 14%, Wingdale %, wherein corn cob comprise 4-5 object 60-80%, 5-10 object 20-40%.The preparation method of above-mentioned culture material comprises following step: by wood chip, corn cob, rice bran, wheat bran, lime mixing, add water stirring, makes water content reach a 5-67%.Above-mentioned method is mainly described the particle diameter of corn cob, and this culture material ventilation property is relatively good, but nutrition is relatively dull, has a certain impact to the output in pleurotus eryngii fruiting later stage.
Therefore, need to improve for above-mentioned defect, seek a kind of convenient batching, cost is low, rich in nutrition content, the method that cultivating rate is high.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material suppressing miscellaneous bacteria and preparation method thereof.
Term illustrates:
The golden mushroom root base of a fruit: the mushroom root removing substratum divides, and is the needle mushroom tankage of factorial praluction.
Bacterium chaff: be utilize the raw material such as stalk, wood chip to carry out edible mushrooms substituting stuff cultivation, the substratum residuum after receiving, is commonly called as edible fungus culturing waste material, bacterium slag or clout; The residual body of hypha of edible fungus and through edible mushrooms enzymolysis, the mixture of the compositions such as the robust fibre of structure generation qualitative change.
Chinese wistaria skin: peel off remaining stem skin portion in the course of processing is pure natural plants integral part.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Suppress a pleurotus eryngii cultivating material for miscellaneous bacteria, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 40 ~ 60 parts, 15 ~ 30 parts, wheat bran, 15 ~ 30 parts, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, terra alba 0.1 ~ 1.5 part, lime powder 0.1 ~ 1.5 part, cotton seed hulls 3 ~ 8 parts, sugar 0.5 ~ 2.0 part, light calcium carbonate 0.5 ~ 2.0 part, bacterium chaff 2 ~ 5 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 6 ~ 10 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 1 ~ 6 part, soybean meal 1 ~ 3 part, cold press peanut meal 1 ~ 5 part, 0.1 ~ 1.0 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.01 ~ 0.5 part, 0.01 ~ 0.5 part, copper sulfate;
Corn cob, Chinese wistaria leaf, cotton seed hulls, Chinese wistaria skin are added water fully wetting, by lime, terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sugar soluble in water, stir, add wheat bran, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, bacterium chaff, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal; Then mix with corn cob, Chinese wistaria leaf, cotton seed hulls, Chinese wistaria skin, thermophilic fermentation, be the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria of the present invention.
Preferred according to the present invention, the granularity of flax stalk wood chip is 3 ~ 5mm.
The present invention is preferred, and corn cob preferred size is 3 ~ 5mm, water ratio 10 ~ 20wt%.
The present invention is preferred, and described Chinese wistaria skin is peel off remaining stem skin portion in the Chinese wistaria course of processing, water ratio 5-7wt%; Size controlling is at 2-10mm.
The present invention is preferred, and the water content of described Chinese wistaria leaf is 5-7wt%.
The present invention is preferred, and described soybean meal is a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extracting bean oil, and water ratio is 4-6%.
The present invention is preferred, and described cold press peanut meal benevolence of making a living refines the secondary dregs of rice after oil plant through squeezing, and water ratio is 5-7%.
The present invention is preferred, the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat.
The present invention is preferred, and the described golden mushroom root base of a fruit is after needle mushroom is gathered, packaging or edible before the root the base of a fruit of connection culture material of excision divide, size controlling is at below 3mm.
The present invention is preferred, and described bacterium chaff is that cultivating flammulina velutipes or mushroom fruiting terminate rear remaining tankage, for subsequent use by drying after broken for the bacterium ground-slag removing living contaminants.
The present invention is preferred, and described sugar is one or more mixing in glucose, fructose, maltose or sucrose.
Preferred further, described sugar is the mixture of glucose and fructose, and the weight ratio of glucose and fructose is 1:3.
Described lime powder, terra alba, light calcium carbonate and manganous sulfate, copper sulfate etc. are common commercially available product, conventional use.
Preferred according to the present invention, suppress the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of miscellaneous bacteria, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 55 ~ 60 parts, 18 ~ 22 parts, wheat bran, 18 ~ 22 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, terra alba 0.1 ~ 0.5 part, lime powder 0.5 ~ 1.0 part, cotton seed hulls 4 ~ 6 parts, sugar 0.8 ~ 1.2 part, light calcium carbonate 0.8 ~ 1.2 part, bacterium chaff 3 ~ 4.5 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 7 ~ 9 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 2 ~ 3.5 parts, soybean meal 1.5 ~ 2.5 parts, cold press peanut meal 2 ~ 3.5 parts, 0.2 ~ 0.5 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.08 ~ 0.2 part, 0.05 ~ 0.09 part, copper sulfate.
The highly preferred technical scheme of the present invention, the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of described suppression miscellaneous bacteria, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 58.52 parts, 20.47 parts, wheat bran, 20.33 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, terra alba 0.46 part, lime powder 0.88 part, cotton seed hulls 5.35 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 3.26 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.
The preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of above-mentioned suppression miscellaneous bacteria, comprises the steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: light violet rattan peel, Chinese wistaria leaf are crushed to particle diameter 2-10mm respectively; Corn cob meal is broken to particle diameter 3 ~ 5mm; It is 5-10wt% that the golden mushroom root base of a fruit is dried to water ratio, and be crushed to below particle diameter 3mm, cotton seed hulls is crushed to and is less than or equal to 20 orders;
(2) Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip after pulverizing add water fully wetting, rear mixture must be soaked, lime powder, terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sugar are added dissolving water gaging and dissolves, stirs, obtain mixing solutions;
(3) in obtained mixing solutions, wheat bran, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, bacterium chaff, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal is added; Then mix with wetting rear mixture, adjustment material water ratio is 65-70t%, obtains elementary culture material;
(4) elementary culture material is sealed, high-temperature sterilization, cold go after namely obtain and suppress the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of miscellaneous bacteria.
The present invention is preferred, and light violet rattan peel, Chinese wistaria leaf first dry before pulverizing and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
The present invention is preferred, and the add-on of step (2) water is 1-2 times of Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip compound weight, wetting hold-time 6-8 hour.
The present invention is preferred, step (4) high-temperature sterilization temperature 120 ~ 140 DEG C, sterilization time 1.5 ~ 2.5h.
Pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of the present invention take corn cob as major ingredient, be equipped with wheat bran, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, cotton seed hulls, final obtained pleurotus eryngii cultivating material can anti-living contaminants, especially Chinese wistaria leaf, the ratio of Chinese wistaria skin and corn cob, greatly can improve and suppress miscellaneous bacteria effect, especially the generation of green mold bacterium can be suppressed, what improve Pleurotus eryngii sends out bacterium rate, it is fast that mycelia sends out bacterium, grow vigorous, mycelia is pure white dense, avoid the situations such as the appearance of contaminated bacteria bag, Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is pure white, mushroom type rounding, there is no misshapen mushroom, biological transformation ratio reaches 110%.
Corn cob granule degree is comparatively large, and air permeability is good, though water suction is slow simultaneously, but water regain is large, water retention capacity is strong, low price, be suitable as factory culture major ingredient, but when using corn cob, granularity can not be too large, the corn cob hardness that granularity is larger is comparatively large, should not be degraded by mycelia, and the corn cob that granularity is large, if the time of prewetting falls short of, during sterilizing, center is drier, do not reach required sterilising temp, easily cause sterilizing not thorough, cause environmental pollution.
The excessive interpolation of cotton seed hulls, fruiting number is many, and single mushroom is heavy on the low side, thus have impact on output, and growth cycle is also longer, therefore should not add more.
Add blade and wood chip, mushroom body color is comparatively white, but output is very low, and wood chip cost is minimum, but needs the heap fermentation of long period, and composition is unstable, and can cause the underproduction if contain hazardous substance, therefore, not all wood chip is all suitable for Xinbao mushroom culturing.
The utilization ratio of Pleurotus eryngii to glucose, fructose and maltose is higher, and the utilization ratio of carbohydrate as N.F,USP MANNITOL for other is lower.
Pleurotus eryngii cultivating material cotton seed hulls of the present invention, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, Chinese wistaria skin mainly play the effect of nutrition, wheat bran is used for regulating the carbon-nitrogen ratio of culture material, play an important role to raising output, carbohydrate provides energy, and lime and terra alba Main Function regulate potential of hydrogen, manganese can promote mycelial growth, improve fruiting body yield, and medium and small grade sporophore size and number is had a certain impact, the mechanism of action of manganese is formed relevant with the impact of non-peroxide activity with manganese on Yeast Nucleic Acid, copper is to some bacterial strain, its resistance against diseases can be strengthened, but excessive concentration can affect output, culture material reasonable ratio of the present invention, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity is strong, effective mushroom quantity is many, corn cob is major ingredient, be equipped with wheat bran, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, cotton seed hulls, greatly can improve and suppress miscellaneous bacteria effect, especially the generation of green mold bacterium can be suppressed, what improve Pleurotus eryngii sends out bacterium rate, widened culturing raw material channel simultaneously, greatly reduce production cost.
Containing abundant mineral element in Chinese wistaria skin, what wherein content was maximum is potassium element, and general containing potassium 6-12%, wherein more than 90% is water-soluble, exists with carbonate form; Next is phosphorus, generally containing 1.5-3%; Also containing the micronutrient element such as calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulphur and iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum.
The pre-treatment of Chinese wistaria skin of the present invention, Chinese wistaria leaf, not only can remove the objectionable impurities affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, macromolecular substance is degraded, make raw material be able to better nutrition to transform, be conducive to the absorption of Pleurotus eryngii, further enhancing mycelial growth, mushroom type rounding, without misshapen mushroom.
Production formula of the present invention, considerably reduce the consumption of common wood chip and cotton seed hulls, reduce production cost to greatest extent, decrease the opportunities for contamination that organism brings, the interpolation of Chinese wistaria leaf, Chinese wistaria skin, the generation of green mold bacterium can be suppressed, make base-material keep relative high cleaning in open space.
The pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria of the present invention is utilized to carry out the method for Xinbao mushroom culturing, inoculation pleurotus eryngii quel strains, obtained bacterium bag after inoculation, the layering of bacterium bag is emitted in mushroom room and carries out sending out bacterium, temperature controls at 22 DEG C ~ 27 DEG C, and relative air humidity controls 60% ~ 75%, through the cultivation of 25d ~ 30d, mycelia covers with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
The present invention's excellent results compared with existing routine techniques is as follows:
1, pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of the present invention take corn cob as major ingredient, be equipped with wheat bran, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, cotton seed hulls, final obtained pleurotus eryngii cultivating material can anti-living contaminants, especially Chinese wistaria leaf, the ratio of Chinese wistaria skin and corn cob, greatly can improve and suppress miscellaneous bacteria effect, especially the generation of green mold bacterium can be suppressed, what improve Pleurotus eryngii sends out bacterium rate, it is fast that mycelia sends out bacterium, grow vigorous, mycelia is pure white dense, avoid the situations such as the appearance of contaminated bacteria bag, Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is pure white, mushroom type rounding, there is no misshapen mushroom, biological transformation ratio reaches 110%.
2, the pre-treatment of Chinese wistaria skin of the present invention, Chinese wistaria leaf, not only can remove the objectionable impurities affecting hypha of edible fungus growth, macromolecular substance is degraded, make raw material be able to better nutrition to transform, be conducive to the absorption of Pleurotus eryngii, further enhancing mycelial growth, mushroom type rounding, without misshapen mushroom.
3, culture material reasonable ratio of the present invention, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, effective mushroom quantity is many, corn cob is major ingredient, is equipped with mixture, the cotton seed hulls of wheat bran, Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, greatly can improve and suppress miscellaneous bacteria effect, especially the generation of green mold bacterium can be suppressed, what improve Pleurotus eryngii sends out bacterium rate, has widened culturing raw material channel simultaneously, has greatly reduced production cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, do not illustrate in detail in embodiment all by state of the art.
Raw material explanation
Corn cob purchased from precious prosperous farmer specialized cooperative society of picking up the ears of Yucheng majoy, water ratio 15%;
Lime powder is purchased from Yao Qiang town, Licheng District building constructor;
Terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea are common commercially available prod.
Embodiment 1
Suppress the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of miscellaneous bacteria, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 58.52 parts, 20.47 parts, wheat bran, 20.33 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, terra alba 0.46 part, lime powder 0.88 part, cotton seed hulls 5.35 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 3.26 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.
The preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of above-mentioned suppression miscellaneous bacteria, comprises step as follows:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: light violet rattan peel, Chinese wistaria leaf dry and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year, Chinese wistaria skin controls water content 10%, and it is 6% that Chinese wistaria leaf controls water content; Chinese wistaria skin is crushed to particle diameter 7mm.Corn cob meal is broken to particle diameter 4mm; Cotton seed hulls is crushed to below 20 orders; It is 8wt% that the golden mushroom root base of a fruit is dried to water ratio, and be crushed to particle diameter 1mm, its water ratio of soybean meal is 5%, and the water ratio of cold press peanut meal is 5-7%;
(2) Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip after pulverizing add water fully wetting, wetting 8 hours hold-times, the add-on of water is 2 times of Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip compound weight, rear mixture must be soaked, lime powder, terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sugar are added dissolving water gaging and dissolves, stir, obtain mixing solutions; Sugar is the mixture of glucose and fructose, and the weight ratio of glucose and fructose is 1:3;
(3) in obtained mixing solutions, wheat bran, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, bacterium chaff, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal is added; Then mix with wetting rear mixture, adjustment material water ratio is 65t%, obtains elementary culture material; Bacterium chaff was for cultivating needle mushroom waste material;
(4) according to a conventional method culture material is loaded 17 × 40 × 0.05cm polypropylene plastics pocket, 125 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 2h, are pleurotus eryngii cultivating material; Inoculation, a bacterium and management of producing mushroom process routinely technical requirements are carried out.
Be not particularly limited in above-mentioned preparation method, select by this area routine techniques.
Embodiment 2
Suppress the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of miscellaneous bacteria, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 58.52 parts, 20.47 parts, wheat bran, 12.33 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, flax straw wood chip 8.0 parts, terra alba 0.46 part, cotton seed hulls 5.35 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 3.26 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.
The preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of above-mentioned suppression miscellaneous bacteria, comprises step as follows:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: light violet rattan peel, Chinese wistaria leaf dry and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year, Chinese wistaria skin controls water content 10%, and it is 6% that Chinese wistaria leaf controls water content; Chinese wistaria skin is crushed to particle diameter 7mm.Corn cob meal is broken to particle diameter 4mm; Cotton seed hulls is crushed to below 20 orders; It is 8wt% that the golden mushroom root base of a fruit is dried to water ratio, and be crushed to particle diameter 1mm, its water ratio of soybean meal is 5%, and the water ratio of cold press peanut meal is 5-7%;
(2) Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip after pulverizing add water fully wetting, wetting 7 hours hold-times, the add-on of water is 1.5 times of Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip compound weight, rear mixture must be soaked, lime powder, terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sugar are added dissolving water gaging and dissolves, stir, obtain mixing solutions; Sugar is the mixture of glucose and fructose, and the weight ratio of glucose and fructose is 1:3;
(3) in obtained mixing solutions, wheat bran, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, bacterium chaff, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal is added; Then mix with wetting rear mixture, adjustment material water ratio is 68wt%, obtains elementary culture material; Bacterium chaff was for cultivating needle mushroom waste material;
According to a conventional method culture material is loaded 17 × 40 × 0.05cm polypropylene plastics pocket, 125 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 2h, obtain pleurotus eryngii cultivating material.
Cultivation management process routinely technical requirements is carried out.
Be not particularly limited in above-mentioned preparation method, select by this area routine techniques.
It is fast that the present embodiment Pleurotus eryngii mycelia sends out bacterium, and growth fraction is more vigorous, and mycelia is pure white dense, does not occur contaminated bacteria bag.Pleurotus eryngii sporophore is pure white, and mushroom type rounding, does not have misshapen mushroom, fresh mushroom biological transformation ratio reaches 110%, and meanwhile, the planting material of this embodiment considerably reduces the consumption of common wood chip and cotton seed hulls, effectively reduce the destruction of Deforestation to environment, reduce cost, be worthy to be popularized.
Embodiment 3
Suppress the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of miscellaneous bacteria, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 45 parts, 18 parts, wheat bran, 30 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, terra alba 0.46 part, lime powder 0.88 part, cotton seed hulls 5.35 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 6 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.
Suppress the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of miscellaneous bacteria, with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 1
A kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 58.52 parts, 40.8 parts, wheat bran, terra alba 0.46 part, lime powder 0.88 part, cotton seed hulls 5.35 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 3.26 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.
(1) raw materials pretreatment: light violet rattan peel dries and controls water content 10%, and it is 6% that Chinese wistaria leaf controls water content; Chinese wistaria skin is crushed to particle diameter 7mm.Corn cob meal is broken to particle diameter 4mm; Cotton seed hulls is crushed to below 20 orders; It is 8wt% that the golden mushroom root base of a fruit is dried to water ratio, and be crushed to particle diameter 1mm, its water ratio of soybean meal is 5%, and the water ratio of cold press peanut meal is 5-7%;
(2) Chinese wistaria skin, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip after pulverizing add water fully wetting, wetting 7 hours hold-times, the add-on of water is 1.5 times of Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip compound weight, rear mixture must be soaked, lime powder, terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sugar are added dissolving water gaging and dissolves, stir, obtain mixing solutions; Sugar is the mixture of glucose and fructose, and the weight ratio of glucose and fructose is 1:3;
(3) in obtained mixing solutions, wheat bran, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, bacterium chaff, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal is added; Then mix with wetting rear mixture, adjustment material water ratio is 68wt%, obtains elementary culture material; Bacterium chaff was for cultivating needle mushroom waste material;
According to a conventional method culture material is loaded 17 × 40 × 0.05cm polypropylene plastics pocket, 125 DEG C of high-temperature sterilization 2h, obtain pleurotus eryngii cultivating material.
Comparative example 2
A kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 58.52 parts, 40.8 parts, wheat bran, terra alba 0.46 part, lime powder 0.88 part, cotton seed hulls 8.61 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
A kind of pleurotus eryngii cultivating material, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 58.52 parts, 23.73 parts, wheat bran, 20.33 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, terra alba 0.46 part, lime powder 0.88 part, cotton seed hulls 5.35 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.
Embodiment 4
Suppress a pleurotus eryngii cultivating material for miscellaneous bacteria, with embodiment 1, difference is, flax straw wood chip is replaced with willow wood chip.
Experimental example
1, carry out Pleurotus eryngii under adopting the culture base for pleurotus eryngii of ordinary method to embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1-4 to be placed in the same terms and send out bacterium cultivation,
Then add up send out bacterium rate and the base-material miscellaneous bacteria content of embodiment 1-4 and comparative example 1-4, concrete outcome is as shown in table 1:
Table 1
As can be seen from the above table, the Pleurotus eryngii of embodiment 1-3 sends out bacterium success ratio apparently higher than comparative example, in pleurotus eryngii cultivating material green mold fungi pollution rate, pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of the present invention and comparative example 3, 4 all living contaminants do not detected, illustrate that cultivating chicken leg mushroom base-material of the present invention has significant advantage in anti-living contaminants, although comparative example 3, 4 do not have living contaminants, but the bacterium rate of sending out of contrast 4 is far smaller than of the present invention, this is the bacterium adding the mycelia of suppression due to poplar bits, pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of the present invention take corn cob as major ingredient, be equipped with wheat bran, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, cotton seed hulls, final obtained pleurotus eryngii cultivating material can anti-living contaminants, especially Chinese wistaria leaf, the ratio of Chinese wistaria skin and corn cob, greatly can improve and suppress miscellaneous bacteria effect, especially the generation of green mold bacterium can be suppressed, what improve Pleurotus eryngii sends out bacterium rate.
2, carry out Pleurotus eryngii inoculation under adopting the culture base for pleurotus eryngii of ordinary method to embodiment 1 and comparative example 3.4 to be placed in the same terms, send out bacterium and management of producing mushroom, mycelial growth situation, as shown in table 2 below:
Table 2
It is fast that Pleurotus eryngii mycelia sends out bacterium, and mycelia is pure white dense, does not occur contaminated bacteria bag.Pleurotus eryngii sporophore stem is pure white, and mushroom type rounding, does not have misshapen mushroom, and biological transformation ratio is 98%.Compared with embodiment 1, mycelium growth vigor is slightly poor, and the fruiting later stage lacks of staying power, and output is lower than embodiment 1 by 12%.
Claims (10)
1. suppress a pleurotus eryngii cultivating material for miscellaneous bacteria, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 40 ~ 60 parts, 15 ~ 30 parts, wheat bran, 15 ~ 30 parts, the mixture of Chinese wistaria leaf or Chinese wistaria leaf and flax stalk wood chip, terra alba 0.1 ~ 1.5 part, lime powder 0.1 ~ 1.5 part, cotton seed hulls 3 ~ 8 parts, sugar 0.5 ~ 2.0 part, light calcium carbonate 0.5 ~ 2.0 part, bacterium chaff 2 ~ 5 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 6 ~ 10 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 1 ~ 6 part, soybean meal 1 ~ 3 part, cold press peanut meal 1 ~ 5 part, 0.1 ~ 1.0 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.01 ~ 0.5 part, 0.01 ~ 0.5 part, copper sulfate;
Corn cob, Chinese wistaria leaf, cotton seed hulls, Chinese wistaria skin are added water fully wetting, by lime, terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sugar soluble in water, stir, add wheat bran, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, bacterium chaff, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal; Then mix with corn cob, Chinese wistaria leaf, cotton seed hulls, Chinese wistaria skin, thermophilic fermentation, be the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria of the present invention.
2. the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the granularity of flax stalk wood chip is 3 ~ 5mm, and corn cob preferred size is 3 ~ 5mm, water ratio 10 ~ 20wt%.
3. the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Chinese wistaria skin is peel off remaining stem skin portion in the Chinese wistaria course of processing, water ratio 5-7wt%; Size controlling is at 2-10mm, and the water content of described Chinese wistaria leaf is 5-7wt%.
4. the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described soybean meal is a kind of byproduct obtained after soybean extracting bean oil, water ratio is 4-6%, described cold press peanut meal benevolence of making a living refines the secondary dregs of rice after oil plant through squeezing, water ratio is 5-7%, the wheat cortex that described wheat bran is separated in processing flour process for wheat, the described golden mushroom root base of a fruit is after needle mushroom is gathered, the root the base of a fruit of packaging or the edible connection culture material of excision in the past divides, and size controlling is at below 3mm.
5. the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bacterium chaff is that cultivating flammulina velutipes or mushroom fruiting terminate rear remaining tankage, by remove the bacterium ground-slag of living contaminants broken after dry for subsequent use, described sugar is one or more mixing in glucose, fructose, maltose or sucrose, preferably, described sugar is the mixture of glucose and fructose, and the weight ratio of glucose and fructose is 1:3.
6. the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 55 ~ 60 parts, 18 ~ 22 parts, wheat bran, 18 ~ 22 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, terra alba 0.1 ~ 0.5 part, lime powder 0.5 ~ 1.0 part, cotton seed hulls 4 ~ 6 parts, sugar 0.8 ~ 1.2 part, light calcium carbonate 0.8 ~ 1.2 part, bacterium chaff 3 ~ 4.5 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 7 ~ 9 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 2 ~ 3.5 parts, soybean meal 1.5 ~ 2.5 parts, cold press peanut meal 2 ~ 3.5 parts, 0.2 ~ 0.5 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.08 ~ 0.2 part, 0.05 ~ 0.09 part, copper sulfate.
7. the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Corn cob 58.52 parts, 20.47 parts, wheat bran, 20.33 parts, Chinese wistaria leaf, terra alba 0.46 part, lime powder 0.88 part, cotton seed hulls 5.35 parts, sugar 0.98 part, light calcium carbonate 1.02 parts, bacterium chaff 4.32 parts, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit 8.21 parts, Chinese wistaria skin 3.26 parts, soybean meal 2.15 parts, cold press peanut meal 3.52 parts, 0.38 part, urea, manganous sulfate 0.15 part, 0.08 part, copper sulfate.
8. the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 1, comprises the steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: light violet rattan peel, Chinese wistaria leaf are crushed to particle diameter 2-10mm respectively; Corn cob meal is broken to particle diameter 3 ~ 5mm; It is 5-10wt% that the golden mushroom root base of a fruit is dried to water ratio, and be crushed to below particle diameter 3mm, cotton seed hulls is crushed to and is less than or equal to 20 orders;
(2) Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip after pulverizing add water fully wetting, rear mixture must be soaked, lime powder, terra alba, light calcium carbonate, urea, manganous sulfate, copper sulfate, sugar are added dissolving water gaging and dissolves, stirs, obtain mixing solutions;
(3) in obtained mixing solutions, wheat bran, the golden mushroom root base of a fruit, bacterium chaff, soybean meal, cold press peanut meal is added; Then mix with wetting rear mixture, adjustment material water ratio is 65-70t%, obtains elementary culture material;
(4) elementary culture material is sealed, high-temperature sterilization, cold go after namely obtain and suppress the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of miscellaneous bacteria.
9. the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 8, is characterized in that, light violet rattan peel, Chinese wistaria leaf first dry before pulverizing and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
10. the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii cultivating material of suppression miscellaneous bacteria according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the add-on of step (2) water is 1-2 times of Chinese wistaria skin, Chinese wistaria leaf, corn cob, cotton seed hulls and flax straw wood chip compound weight, wetting hold-time 6-8 hour, step (4) high-temperature sterilization temperature 120 ~ 140 DEG C, sterilization time 1.5 ~ 2.5h.
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