CN1984770B - 功能性弹性纺织结构 - Google Patents

功能性弹性纺织结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1984770B
CN1984770B CN2005800197860A CN200580019786A CN1984770B CN 1984770 B CN1984770 B CN 1984770B CN 2005800197860 A CN2005800197860 A CN 2005800197860A CN 200580019786 A CN200580019786 A CN 200580019786A CN 1984770 B CN1984770 B CN 1984770B
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China
Prior art keywords
stretching
extension
functional
laminate
resetter
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2005800197860A
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CN1984770A (zh
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S·B·布尔
C·舒尔策
R·阿米蒂奇
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Textronics Inc
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Textronics Inc
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    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
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    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
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Abstract

本发明提供一种功能性伸展层压复合褶皱织物，该织物是结实的，耐洗的并且适合于围绕3维主体固定，本发明还提供一种形成这样的褶皱织物的方法。该功能性伸展层压织物设有至少一个导电、导光、提供电磁场或者提供对电磁场的屏蔽的功能元件。一般而言，该功能性伸展层压织物足够结实以便结合到服装中并且用于所谓的可佩戴的电子装置。

Description

功能性弹性纺织结构
技术领域
本发明涉及柔性且弹性的纺织结构，适用于围绕3维物品的固定，具有例如导电、导光和提供或者影响电磁场的能力。
背景技术
已经披露了用于某些医疗和生理监测应用的不同类型的柔性和弹性纺织结构，其能够导电或者影响电磁场。例如授予CynthiaL.Istook(转让给
Figure S05819786020061220D000011
Inc.，Ventura，California，USA)的美国专利号6341504披露了一种复合弹性织物结构，其用于生理监测中使用的类型的服装应用，其中该复合弹性织物的伸展和伸展-恢复改变了连接到或者结合到复合织物中的导电弯曲线的电感。
Figure S05819786020061220D000012
是该LifeshirtTM的制造者，其结合了Istook的柔性导电纺织结构并且主要用于生理监测和其他不卧床的佩带者的测量能力。总的来说，该Istook结构需要将一个或者多个导线缝合到弹性带结构的表面上以便形成用于目的应用的弯曲线的几何形状。
Vikram Sharma的PCT出版物WO2003/087451A2(“sharma”)披露了一种管状针织织物系统，包括针织在一起的电绝缘纱线，伸展纱线和“功能”纱线以形成一种管状针织织物。在Sharma中，该功能纱线是导电的，具有0.01ohm/meter-5000ohm/meter的电阻。该“功能”纱线以连续螺旋形式嵌入到该管状针织物中，所述连续螺旋延伸了由该管状针织物形成的袖子的长度。身体部分例如四肢部分被一部分管状织物围绕以便测量生理信息。另外，被Sharma披露的这些管状针织物适合于用在窄弹性带结构中，在该结构中功能纱线用作电信号的平行导体。Sharma’s的窄弹性带结构的缺点是该功能纱线或者线必须与所有其他器件一起同时针织到该结构中。
除了导电元件以外，已经披露了用于光导的光纤以便结合到服装中。例如，Sundaresan Jayaraman等人的US专利号6315009(转让给Georgia Tech Research Corp)(“jayaraman”)披露了全成形的连续制造服装，包括该基础织物的舒适器件和传感器件。根据Jayaraman，该传感器件可以是导电器件或者穿透传感器件。例如该穿透传感器件可以是光学导体例如塑料光纤。该Jayaraman构造的缺点在于，需要同时将该弹性纱线和功能器件例如塑料光纤直接织造到该管状织物或者服装中。
上面的参考文件通过使用织造或者针织类型的织物结构结合了功能器件，例如电导体。这样的功能器件具有与传统纺织品不好的兼容性。此外，这样的功能器件一般导致了在传统织物成形工艺中的困难(例如织造，针织，无缝针织)。例如，线，小缆线和塑料光纤通常很差地与通常的纺织纤维匹配，因为它们的易碎性、弹性模数，延伸性和抗拉强度。特别地，这样的缺点在期望该结构或者服装的弹性恢复和柔性时以及期望能洗服装时是很显著的。因此，需要能够克服现有技术的一个或者多个缺点的柔性和弹性纺织结构。
该技术继续寻求具有能够导电、导光或者影响电磁场以用在某些医疗和/或者生理监测应用以及工业和互联应用中的元件的结构，其中该结构不具有至少一个上述的缺点。提供了能够在柔性纺织结构中无需针织或者织造地就结合功能性元件的可洗服装是非常希望的。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种具有大致褶皱外观的功能性伸展层压件。该功能性伸展层压件包括：织物、纸或者薄膜的第一和第二外层；至少一个伸展和恢复元件和与该伸展和恢复元件共同延伸的至少一个功能性元件；和用于在该外层之间结合该伸展和恢复元件和该功能性元件的粘合成分；其中该大致褶皱外观是在该伸展和恢复元件处于放松和不伸展状态时存在的。本发明的该功能性伸展层压件可以是传导性的并且例如能够导电，导光或者提供电磁场。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备具有大致褶皱外观的功能性伸展层压件的方法。该方法包括：提供一段具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第一件；将至少一段伸展和恢复元件延伸和固定到其未变形的可恢复伸展极限的至少50％，并且将与所述伸展和恢复元件一起延伸的至少一段功能性元件延伸和固定，并且还将该伸展和恢复元件的伸展长度与该功能元件固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的大致一部分固定长度上；提供具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第二件，将所述不可伸展的材料的第二件固定到伸展和恢复元件上或者固定到与所述伸展和恢复元件共同延伸的所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致一部分长度上，以便形成该功能性伸展层压件；和大致放松所述伸展和恢复元件的该伸展长度并且允许该功能性伸展层压件起褶皱。
附图说明
本发明将参照附图详细描述：
图1是适于制作本发明的功能性伸展层压件的设备的侧视图；
图2是用于制作本发明的功能性伸展层压件的设备的一部分的俯视图；
图3A和3B是本发明的功能性伸展层压件剖视图，示出了在两个织物或者其他不可伸展的材料的片材之间的伸展和恢复元件和功能性元件的夹层结构；
图4A和4B是本发明的功能性伸展层压件的边缘界面图；图4A中该复合织物处于伸长张力下，图4B中该复合织物被放松并且处于无伸长张力下；和
图5B是一种夹持结合的侧视图的截面，提供了一种在z折叠处的可能的电连接装置，该z折叠形成在图5A的功能性伸展层压件的一个端部处。
具体实施方式
本发明包括可以是具有大致扁平表面外观的复合织物的功能性伸展层压件，该复合织物还可以呈大致褶皱外观。该伸展层压件可以是传导性的、结实的、耐洗的并且适于围绕3维主体固定。
本发明的该功能性伸展层压件一般包括：
(a)非织造、针织或者织造织物，纸或者薄膜的第一和第二外层，其中每个层具有相对该复合织物的内表面(或第一表面)和外表面(或第二表面)；
(b)伸展和恢复元件的至少一个丝条，例如夹在该外层之间的具有弹性性能的纤维；
(c)也夹在该外层之间的至少一个功能性元件；和
(d)用于将该第一和第二外层结合或者用于将该第一和第二外层结合到该伸展和恢复元件或者用于将该第一和第二外层结合到该功能性元件的粘合成分。
该非织造、针织或者织造织物，纸或者薄膜的两个外层在一个实施例中可以具有大致相同的宽度。
该弹性体纤维在一个实施例中可以是至少400分特，其中丝条的数量和纤维分特处于这样的关系：使得该可伸展的织物的收缩力为至少0.221b/inch(38.9g/cm)。
另外，该粘合成分在一个实施例中可以包括大约8-70％重量的层压件，尽管实施成仅仅部分覆盖至少一个外层的内表面，但是这样的粘合剂可以渗入到每个外层的外面大约小于10％，这取决于每个外层的表面面积。
此外，该功能性元件可以大致部分或者与该伸展和恢复元件一起延伸。
本发明还提供了一种制作带有褶皱外观的功能性伸展层压件的方法，该方法包括：
提供一段具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第一件；
使伸展和恢复元件伸展和固定到其未变形的可恢复伸展极限的至少50％；和
将与该伸展和恢复元件一起延伸的功能性元件的至少一段伸展和固定，和
将该伸展和恢复元件的所伸展的段和该功能性元件固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致固定长度的一部分上；
提供具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第二件，和将所述不可伸展的材料的第二件固定到该伸展和恢复元件，该功能性元件或者与所述伸展和恢复元件一起伸展的不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的一部分长度上，从而形成了该功能性伸展层压件；和
使所述伸展和恢复元件的该伸展长度放松并且允许该功能性伸展层压件起褶皱。这个方法还可以包括将至少一个连接器连接到该功能性伸展层压件上的步骤，其中，所述连接器适于将在该层压件中的所述至少一个功能性元件连接到选自电源和辐射源的源上。辐射可以是光辐射，选自用在数据通信的光纤中的光波。
在本发明方法的一个实施例中，该外层大致被平面化并且在所述至少一个伸展和恢复元件和所述至少一个功能元件紧固到这个层上时固定到位。正如在本文中所使用的那样，术语“平面化”是指将一部分织物、网状物、或者薄膜变为大致平面的并且没有皱褶的弄平的结构。
正如在本文中所使用的，合适的“大致未伸展的材料”包括非织造织物、织造织物，针织织物，纸，取向或者不取向的薄膜，包括具有金属涂层的上述的材料的变形物。这些织造、非织造和针织织物可以包括短纤维或者连续纤维，包括选自聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺和碳氟树脂(polyperfluorìnated olefins)的纤维。合适的薄膜可以包括聚合物，包括聚酯、聚烯烃，碳氟树脂(polyperfluorinatedo1efins)，和聚酰胺。该功能性伸展层压件的外层的织物或者薄膜可以包括上述的大致不可伸展的材料中的任何一种。
正如在本文中所使用的，合适的“伸展和恢复元件”包括至少一个斯潘德克斯或者弹性合成纤维、薄膜或者涂层(例如，
Figure S05819786020061220D000051
斯潘德克斯)。合适的伸展和恢复元件还可以包括诸如聚酯双组分纤维的材料，例如Type400商标的聚(乙烯对苯二甲酸)//聚(环丙烷对苯二甲酸)双组分纤维，这可以从InvistaS à r.l.(“T400”)商业获得。伸展和恢复元件还可以包括提供了伸展和恢复以及功能性能的材料，例如可传导的可伸展复合纱线，披露在PCT出版物WO2004/097089A1中，其整个公开内容作为参考在这里被引用(后面称为“含有被至少一个传导覆盖长丝围绕的弹性元件的电的和光学的功能复合纱线”)。
合适的伸展和恢复元件可以具有200％的断裂伸长度，例如超过400％。另外，这样的材料在张力释放时可以立即恢复为它的原始长度。
正如在本文中使用的，该术语“功能性”是指具有电的、光学的、磁的、化学的和/或者热能性能的材料。
功能性材料的例子包括但不局限于：具有电功能(例如导电性、加热、压电的、电致伸缩、电动精密计时功能)的材料；具有光学功能(例如光子晶体纤维、光致发光、光传输、反射)的材料；磁功能(例如磁致伸缩功能)的材料；热响应功能(例如形状记忆聚合物或者合金)的材料；和感觉功能(例如化学、生物、电容)的材料。这种功能性材料可以被包括在用于在本发明的实施例中使用的功能性元件中。
正如在本文中使用的，合适的“功能元件”包括：绝缘的或者非绝缘种类的金属线，其具有一个或者多个导体，例如股线，软线或者用于高频应用的股金属线；具有圆形或者非圆形截面的单股金属线，例如带形线；金属涂层聚合线和薄膜，例如
Figure S05819786020061220D000061
纱线和金属化
Figure S05819786020061220D000062
(来自DuPOnt-Teijin Films，Hopewell，Virginia，USA)；天然传导聚合物纤维例如选自聚吡咯；选自诸如
Figure S05819786020061220D000063
的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的塑料光纤；和适合于以以太网、Fiber Channel、FDDI、ATM和Token Ring协议为基础的光纤网络的多模式或者单模式类型的石英玻璃光纤。合适的功能性元件还包括含有被至少一个传导覆盖长丝围绕的弹性元件的导电复合纱线以及在2004年4月15日申请的临时申请US60562622中披露的弹性体组分，所述公开内容引用在这里作为参考(下面称为“具有可变电阻的导电弹性体组分”)。
正如在本文中使用的那样，术语“适合于围绕任何3维主体固定”是指该功能性伸展层压件是柔性并且是弹性的，允许符合任何形状。特别地，在该功能性伸展层压件是服装或者服装组件或者其他设置在身体的至少一部分上的可穿着物，该层压件至少同符合身体的三维形状的服装或者可穿着物具有一样的适应性。在层压件可适应的符合任何三维主体方面该层压结构的强度是固有的，以便在出现该层压件符合三维形状的任何运动时保持该层压件的功能性元件的性能。
正如在本文中使用的那样，该术语“耐洗的”是指该功能性伸展层压件至少是可水洗的。特别是，在该功能性伸展层压件是一种可水洗的服装或者其他设置在身体上的可水洗的的可穿着物的组件，该层压件结构在多次水洗或者清洗循环后保持了该层压件的功能性元件的性能。例如，在至少一个洗涤循环之后保持功能性元件的性能就是耐洗的。
正如在本文中使用的那样，术语“传导”是指至少一部分该伸展层压件导电，导光，或者能够提供电磁场或者能够提供对电磁场的屏蔽。
正如在本文中使用的那样，术语“大致平行或者共同伸展”是指该伸展和恢复元件和功能性元件沿该功能性伸展层压件的相同方向(称为“机器方向”)纵向伸展，而不接触相邻的伸展和恢复元件或者功能性元件。这样的大致平行或者共同延伸的元件在至少一个实施例中可以沿垂直于它们延伸的方向的方向在它们的长度上大致与其他伸展和恢复元件和/或者功能性元件等距。例如，当伸展和恢复元件沿该功能性伸展层压件的机器方向延伸时，然后大致平行的或者共同延伸的功能性元件也在该机器方向上延伸，所述两个元件彼此在垂直于该机器方向的方向上在其长度上的一些点处等距。该术语“大致平行或者共同延伸”还包括这样的位置：该伸展和恢复元件和功能性元件二者沿相同方向均匀张紧(例如当二者在机器方向上均匀张紧)。
本发明的功能性伸展层压件，在一个实施例中，是具有变化的褶皱量的复合件，包括两个非织造织物的外层和含有至少一个功能性元件与大致相等分特的两个或者多个大致平行或者共同延伸的弹性体纤维(伸展和恢复元件)的内层，所述弹性体纤维能够从300％的延伸完全恢复。该弹性体纤维在没有外部施加的力时基本上是放松的。另外，在另一个实施例中，该弹性体纤维可以在垂直于其长度的方向上彼此等间距间隔。
适于制作本发明的功能性伸展层压件的非织造织物可以具有大约10-大约100克/平方米的基重。许多类型的非织造织物适于应用在这个实施例中。代表性的实施例包括由热粘、纺粘和水力缠结的纤维构成的非织造物。例如它们可以包括合成聚合纤维，例如聚烯烃，聚酯和聚酰胺纤维。
本发明的功能性伸展层压件包括两个或者多个弹性体纤维的中间层和夹在不可延伸的材料，例如非织造织物或者薄膜构成的外层之间的至少一个功能性元件。这个中间层可以包括至少一个丝条例如在宽度上3.2丝条/厘米构成的弹性体纤维，其中每个丝条至少是400分特。每厘米丝条的数目，例如达到约6.3。这两个参数(丝条和分特)可以例如选择成能够提供大约38.9(克力/厘米)的最小的回收力，该最小的回收力是在完成的产品伸展其原始长度的150％时测得的。
该弹性体纤维可以大致平行于该外层织物或者薄膜的边缘。合适的弹性体纤维的一个实例是
Figure S05819786020061220D000071
斯潘德克斯纤维(注册商标INVISTAS.à.r.l)
在这个中间层中的该功能性元件在一个实施例中可以是绝缘或者不绝缘类型的金属丝。例如单个导线可以被使用。使用每根金属线多个导体的，例如litz线或者股线，适于高频电应用。具有圆形或者非圆形截面的单股金属线，例如带状线适于高电流或者其中优选更加刚性的褶皱层压件。另外，扁平金属丝可以被使用，例如来自REA MagnetWire公司，Fort Wayne，Indiana的扁平铜线(绝缘的或者非绝缘的)。某些涂敷聚合纤维的金属也可以被使用，例如，
Figure S05819786020061220D000081
纱线，其是从Laird Sauquoit Technologies公司(300PalmStreet，Scaranton，Pennsylvania，18505)获得的商标为的镀银纺织尼龙长丝。
Figure S05819786020061220D000083
纱线的一个合适的类型建立在70旦尼尔(77分特)的基础上，可以从INVISTAS.à.r.lWilmington，Delaware获得的作为产品ID70-XS-34X2TEX5Z的用导电银电镀的产品的34个长丝结构的尼龙。另一种合适的导体纱线是以来自E.I.DuPont de Nemours公司v.，Wilmington，Delaware的
Figure S05819786020061220D000084
知名的涂敷金属的
Figure S05819786020061220D000085
在本发明的实施例中天然传导的聚合纤维族中的一些成员也是有用的，例如选自聚吡咯。另外，可以使用选自聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯丙烯酸脂聚合物的塑料光学纤维(POF)。在需要用于引导光的功能性元件时，可以使用POF例如
Figure S05819786020061220D000086
有用的POF例如可以是步长指数类型(SI-POF)或者阶梯指数类型(GRIN-POF)的，用于高速光通信。所述等级的多模式或者单模式类型的石英玻璃光学纤维还包括有用的适于建立在以太网、Fiber Channel、FDDI、ATM、和Token Ring协议上的光纤网络的功能性元件。
另外，该功能性元件可以包括传导纱线，例如纱线或者与金属线例如铜线扭结在一起的纤维。该功能性元件还可以包括导电复合纱线，其包括被至少一个传导的覆盖长丝或者导电弹性体复合物围绕的弹性元件，所述复合物具有可变电阻，该可变电阻扭结有斯潘德克斯和/或者纱线。
该功能性伸展层压件的层被粘合成分粘结在一起。在该复合件中的每一个元件应该粘合到该复合件的至少一个另外的元件上。例如，可以将粘合剂施加到该伸展和恢复元件和功能元件上，而这些元件粘合到该外层的内表面上。作为另一个实施例，可以将粘合剂施加到该外层中的一个的内表面上。该粘合成分例如可以由大约8％-70％重量的复合织物构成。在该水平之上的该功能性伸展层压件中的粘合剂含量在某些情况下可能是有缺点的，因为该织物可以粘合到自身上。合适的粘合成分例如可以是热熔粘合剂，例如苯乙烯基的嵌段共聚物，包括苯乙烯/异戊二烯和苯乙烯/丁二烯嵌段共聚物。可以通过其他方法进行粘合，例如火焰层压和激光或者超声波焊接，如果这样的技术可以不损害该功能性元件和该伸展和恢复元件地实施的话。
该功能性伸展层压件例如可以以一种方法制备，均匀张紧的弹性体长丝等距间隔并且大致具有相同分特，例如不小于400分特每长丝，例如大约2200分特丝条被一起喂入。这些弹性体长丝设置在两层织物之间，例如非织造织物。在一个实施例中，至少每厘米宽度3.15长丝(丝条)被提供。该丝条可以大致彼此平行并且平行于该非织造织物的边缘。该三层用粘合剂粘结，然后在粘合之后立即去除张力。这个方法可以生产褶皱的织物，其具有大致均匀的扁平表面外观，其由小的大致均匀的褶皱导致。
该层压材料每英寸宽度的功能元件的数量并不受限制并且例如能够为1-20，例如5-10。
在图1的侧视图中示出的设备可以用在落入本发明的范围中的制作功能性伸展层压件的工艺中。图1示出了该功能性元件5(铜丝)的单一供应辊2以及弹性体长丝10的单一供应辊4。但是，可以想到多个供应辊和功能性元件(例如见图2，示出了功能性元件5和5’的供应辊2和2’和弹性体长丝10，10’，10”的供应辊4，4’，4”)。该弹性体长丝可以在辊15和夹持辊50之间均匀张紧从而提供大于50％的延伸度。功能性元件可以在辊15’和夹持辊50之间均匀张紧从而提供稳定性但是整体上这样的功能性元件5基本上不伸长。在图1中，该单一功能性元件5和该单一弹性体长丝10以侧面靠侧面示出，并且可以在该引导盘25的辊表面上的任何节距上分隔。在多个弹性体纤维和多个功能性元件供应到该工艺中(见图2，其中示出了该工艺的机器方向M)时，可以理解到该引导盘25(在图1和2)或者等效的间隔装置可以提供每个弹性体纤维和功能性元件的定位和节距。在图1中，不小于50％伸展的大致平行的弹性体纤维10的层和功能性元件5这样示出：在从辊33供应的非织造织物35的层之一的顶部上设置。粘合剂30例如热熔粘合剂经由导管20施加到该弹性体纤维和功能性元件以及底部非织造层上。从辊33’供应的非织造的其他层35’然后设置在辊40处的粘合处理组合的顶部上并且该组合结构在夹持辊50处被热压同时该弹性体纤维10保持在伸展状态。另外，该粘合剂30可以施加到该弹性体纤维和功能性元件上，之后将它们设置在非织造织物的层之间。当该粘合完成时，该均匀张力大致完全被释放并且该复合织物放松以形成所期望的褶皱结构55。箭头D示出了所生产的结构55远离该夹持辊50的行进方向。
该热熔粘合剂30(例如见图2)可以以多种不同的方法实施。在一个实施例中，该熔合的粘合剂可以作为来自喷嘴的不连续网通过以熔吹知名的工艺沉积(一个这样的喷嘴22在图2中的粘合剂导管20的端部示出)。在另一个方法中，该熔合的粘合剂可以以称为螺旋喷的工艺沉积为来自这样的喷嘴的固体流：该喷嘴沿所述网通过的螺旋图案移动。其中该粘合剂仅仅部分覆盖该非织造层的图案例如由熔吹或者螺旋喷生产的图案可以导致该复合织物的均匀扁平表面外观。“仅仅部分覆盖”是指该粘合剂在该非织造物的一部分处存在而在相邻部分处没有。这也可以通过施加“点阵”图案来完成。
图3A和3B示出了具有不同的功能性元件5和5b的功能性层压结构。在图3A中功能性元件5是铜丝。在图3B中，功能性元件5b是带状金属丝。在图3A和3B中，弹性体纤维10和非织造织物35和35’如图1和2所述。
本发明的功能性伸展层压件的扁平度和光滑度可以通过在该功能性元件从其放松状态伸展到其最终的伸展度时的厚度的改变而确定。总体上来讲，该织物的外观越光滑，伸展时厚度的改变越小。另外，可以计算该放松的功能性伸展层压织物的每线性长度厘米(英寸)升高的部分(称为褶皱)的数量(在图4B中L表示褶皱之间的距离)。从给定的延伸长度开始，随着在放松的织物中该褶皱数的增加，每个褶皱的幅度(在图4B中的A)降低。这两个值，幅度(A)和每线性固定长度褶皱(L)的比率(见图4B)，即厚度减少与每英寸褶皱数之比称为“扁平因数”。该功能性伸展层压在该扁平因数小于大约5时可以称为是“扁平”或者“光滑”。
通过Ames塞尺进行厚度测量。在放松的复合织物的3个不同位置测量厚度，测量被平均。该织物然后伸展到尽可能的充分程度。在伸展时，厚度再次在3个不同位置被测量，将结果平均。从厚度值的差可以计算厚度减少的百分比。
对于该功能性伸展层压件来说每线性固定长度的褶皱数这样确定：将尺子沿该织物的长度平行于该织物的边缘放置。在固定长度中的褶皱数被算出。在该织物的宽度上两个其他位置重复上述过程。记录这3个测量的平均。
另一个有用的测量是该功能性伸展层压件的“回收力”。例如本发明下面描述的，该功能性伸展层压件的回收力按照下述测量：该放松的伸展织物的7.62厘米(3英寸)长的样品在型号1122的Instron仪器中以15.2cm/min(6英寸/分钟)速率伸长。当该长度伸长达到50％即，当该总厂为该初始长度的150％时记录回收力。所述结果按照每英寸织物宽度磅数记录(该设备被校准以便对于宽度大于2.54cm(英寸)的织物来说，将总重0.4536Kg(磅)转换为0.4536Kg(磅)每2.54cm(英寸)宽度)。
该功能性伸展层压件可以是“耐洗的”，即其可以经受至少一个洗循环而不会显示出该外层(不管是聚丙烯或者聚酯纤维基的非织造物)分层，所述分成表明在该伸展和恢复元件和外层之间粘合的丧失。该功能性伸展层压件还可以是一次性的，例如当至少一个外层包括纸时。
该功能性伸展层压织物在某些实施例中可以进步特征为耐洗性使得其可以经受至少大约28次洗循环而不显示该外层分层。为了证明这样的耐用性，下述的洗循环被使用：用38-41摄氏度(100-105°F)的水和50克“Tide”洗涤剂在Sears Kenmore系列80洗衣机中进行30分钟热洗/热漂洗，然后在Sears Kenmore系列80干燥机中在“普通/恒压/中等”设置(达到96摄氏度(205°F))上进行干燥。
作为该伸展和恢复元件的含有斯潘德克斯的该功能性伸展层压织物的耐洗性可以被这样提供：使用在120摄氏度下具有复合粘度的下述选择的粘合剂：(i)在该外层包括含有聚丙烯纤维的非织造织物时处于大约25帕斯卡秒(250泊)；和(ii)当该外层包括含有聚酯纤维的非织造织物时处于大约200帕斯卡秒(2000泊)。
该复合粘度的绝对值按照下述限定：
在给定频率ω和剪切应力σ下，该复合粘度的绝对值|η*|是该弹性(G’)和粘度(G”)的平方之和的平方根被该频率除：
|η*|＝√G’2+G”2/ω
有用的粘合剂的软化点一般期望超过50摄氏度(194°F)并且一般期望超过110摄氏度(230°F)。
在制作耐洗功能性伸展层压织物中有用的粘合剂的实例包括含有苯乙烯基础的嵌段共聚物的聚合物，该共聚物还可以包含添加剂，例如粘结剂和操作油。在该非织造织物包括聚丙烯纤维时，该粘合剂可以包括HL-1486和HL-1470(H.B.Fuller公司)和H-2104和H2494(Bostick公司，Milwaukee Wisconsin)。在该非织造织物包括聚酯和/或者聚丙烯纤维时，该粘合剂可以包括H2385(Bostick公司，Milwaukee Wisconsin)和NS-34-3260，NS-34-5640(NationalStarch公司)。所有的上述粘合剂含有苯乙烯基的嵌段共聚物。用在制作本发明的耐洗功能性伸展层压织物的选择的粘合剂的复合粘度在EP1128952B1中披露(授权20031126和转让给E.I.Dupont deNemours和Co)，其整个内容引入在这里作为参考。特别地，发现15帕斯卡秒的在120摄氏度的复合粘度的小于最小需要的25帕斯卡秒的HL-8130(H.B.Fuller公司)的应用没有产生耐洗的可伸展的具有聚酯基织物或者聚丙烯基织物。
图5A是本发明的功能性伸展层压件55的透视图，其含有两个非织造织物35和35’，并且具有两个功能性元件5和5’，与伸展和恢复元件(在图5A中未示出)一起延伸，并且包括在每个端部处的折叠部分100或者z折叠。该折叠部分100用作应变消除以便帮助保持该功能性元件在该层压结构中。
该折叠部分100还允许连接装置围绕该折叠部分夹持。在图5B中，层压件的端部以截面表示，包括夹持装置，该夹持装置包括第一部分110和第二部分120。该夹持装置的第一部分110设有至少一对螺纹孔，分别容纳螺栓130的螺纹，从而穿过该夹持装置120的第二部分并且与部分110的螺纹啮合。在图5B中，在截面图中示出的该夹持装置120和110的两个部分通过该螺纹螺栓啮合并且提供了该层压件55的折叠部分的紧夹持。
本发明参照实施例进一步说明。
实施例
在这些实施例中的样品是使用称作1520分特
Figure S05819786020061220D000121
是Luxembourg的INVISTAS.à.r.l有限公司的注册商标，该公司的办公室在4123East 37th Street North，Wichita，Kansas67220，USA)商标的斯潘德克斯和聚丙烯纤维的非织造织物(由Perkins SalesInc.，Edisto Island South Carolina，USA29438)制作的，具有的基重为15克/平方米。
在所述实施例的结构中的该功能性或者传导元件是：在实施例1中，纱线(从SAUQUOIT industries，Inc.，Scranton，Pennsylvania，USA)；在实施例2中：(1)涂敷硅酮的29规格的铜股线；(2)涂敷硬的黑色FEP涂层的29规格的铜股线；(3)从BEADALON，West Chester，Pennsylvania，19382获得的“BEADALON”Professional系列bead stringing wire，尼龙涂敷，49股线0.013”或者0.33毫米；和(4)金色90微米金属线和黑色70微米金属线，它们是绝缘的镀银铜导体(选自Elektro Feindraht，Escholzmatt，Switzerland)，纸浆为0。040mm-0.090mm；在实施例3中，单股聚酯和尼龙绝缘铜线(悬在Pelican Wire Company，Naples，Florida，USA)，尺寸为38-42AWG；在实施例4中，铜带导体，具有方形截面，厚度为0.003英寸，宽度为0.0620英寸(Rea Magnet Wire，Inc.，FortWayne，Indiana，USA的产品；选自Nicomatic North America，OneIvybrook Blvd，20，WarminsterPennsylvania，USA18974)。上述的传导元件中的一些的物理性能是从每个金属线供应者获得的或者测量的并且在表格1中被总结。
 
金属丝来源 颜色 AWG 直径(毫米) Ohms电阻 INSTRON断裂(克力)
1Pelican 红色 42 0.0064 2.3 85.30
1Pelican 绿色 40 0.079 1.4 121.21
1Pelican 蓝色 38 0.102 0.9 225.68
2Elektro-Feindraht 金色 39 0.090 1.0 144.17
2Elektro-Feindraht 黑色 41 0.071 1.7 110.57
2Elektro-Feindraht 紫罗兰 44 0.050 2.8 49.73
2Elektro-Feindraht 蓝色 46 0.040 3.8 30.33
1Pelican Wire Company，Inc，6266 Taylor Rd.Naples，FL34109-1839
2Elektro-Feindraht AG6182 Escholzmatt Switzerland
每个测试样品按下述被洗并且使用Zwick Textile FatigueTesting Machine(530I；8位置，在De Mattia之后)重复伸展。该Zwick检测机来自Zwick Testing Machine Ltd.，SouthernAvenue，LeominsterHerefordshire，HR60QH，UK.在每个Zwick纺织疲劳检测之前或者之后以本领域已知方式测量该电阻或者导电性。该耐洗性检测方法包含在用热水(40摄氏度)和冷漂洗(室温水)机器洗循环中，使用了美国纺织化学和染色协会(AATCC)的WOB标准粉末洗涤剂，在室温下悬挂到干燥状态。
实施例1，A部分
在实施例1，A部分中，5厘米宽的功能性伸展层压件使用图1中简示的设备制备。该伸展层压件具有3个传导纱线(从SAUQUOIT Industries，Inc.，PO BOX3807,300 Palm Street，Scranton，Pennsylvania，18505，USA，获得的纱线，该纱线以从Invista S à r.l.获得的40旦尼尔，34长丝的尼龙(产品ID号70-XS-34X2 TEX 5Z)为基础)和22
Figure S05819786020061220D000142
斯潘德克斯线。该斯潘德克斯和传导纱线从辊供应给图1中示出的设备，该斯潘德克斯线彼此大致平行地等间距地设置。纱线铺在该22斯潘德克斯线的位置4，11，18中的
Figure S05819786020061220D000144
斯潘德克斯上，所述22斯潘德克斯线在大约2毫米的节距上。该斯潘德克斯被伸展不小于100％并且粘结在两层具有热熔粘合剂的非织造织物之间。该两层非织造织物在足够的张力下由辊供应给图1中示出的设备(例如参见辊33和33’)从而有效地使所述两个非织造织物扁平化。该传导元件在其放松状态下不受张力并且在该粘合剂被引入之前通过与该伸展的斯潘德克斯接触被引入到所述结构中。
对于所有的样品，该粘合剂在接触非织造织物的底层之前被熔喷到该斯潘德克斯上。对于所有样品，苯乙烯/异戊二烯嵌段共聚物为基的粘合剂，H-2766以86.4g/min被使用(Bostik Findley Inc.，Wawatosa，Wisconsin，USA)。该粘合剂在149摄氏度下被施加。进入到一对夹持辊(大致与图1中的夹持辊50所示相同)的样品的速度为300ft/min(91.5m/min)，该夹持辊的压力为60psi(414kPascal)。该上和下层非织造织物和介入的斯潘德克斯和传导长丝被这个工艺粘合地粘结，然后移走在该斯潘德克斯上的张力。在移走该斯潘德克斯上的张力之后，生产出褶皱织物，因为小而大致均匀的褶皱导致具有大致均匀的扁平表面外观。
表格2包含用于实施例1，部分A的该功能性伸展层压件的样品的电阻数据。洗涤检测该样品表明对于每个单个传导元件来说在直流电阻中没有任何大的改变，除了比该洗涤前的电阻稍微增加了小于两倍。对10000次重复循环进行的该Zwick疲劳检测表明该单个传导元件没有任何失效。
表格2
 
洗涤检测(51英寸长具有3个导体的样品) 导体 洗涤前的电阻(ohms) 洗涤后的电阻(ohms)
导体#1 0.952K 1.520K
导体#2 1.033K 1.634K
导体#3 0.817K 1.574K
Zwick检测(两个6.5英寸的样品，其折叠和扭结成8字型) 在Zwick检测之前的电阻(ohms) 在10000次循环的Zwick检测之后的电阻(ohms)
样品1
导体#1 0.116K 0.138K
导体#2 0.107K 0.134K
导体#3 0.130K 0.155K
样品2
导体#1 0.135K 0.156K
导体#2 0.105K 0.135K
导体#3 0.135K 0.202K
实施例1，部分B
实施例1，部分B使用
Figure S05819786020061220D000151
纱线作为在该功能性伸展层压件中的传导元件进行。两个样品在实施例1，部分B中精确地以与实施例1，部分A所描述的相同的工艺进行。在这个部分B的实施例中，12个斯潘德克斯线被使用，
Figure S05819786020061220D000162
纱线被插入到位置2，3，4，5，8，9，10和11中，从而覆盖所述12个
Figure S05819786020061220D000163
斯潘德克斯线中的8个。所获得的功能性伸展层压件在宽度上为大约2.5厘米。与先前一样，两个样品在部分B试验中被制备，15英寸长的样品被测量电阻，并且以相同方式进行洗涤检测。该8个导体中的每一个在10次洗涤循环之后被检测。
如表格3A和3B所示那样，每个导体的仅仅略微增加的电阻，和没有任何传导元件被该洗涤处理破坏。因此，这样生产的该功能性伸展层压件足够结实以承受正常的洗涤条件并且仍然保持其有用的导电性能。
表格3A
样品1洗涤检测(15英寸的样品)
 
导体编号 洗涤前的电阻(ohms) 10次洗涤之后的电阻(ohms)
纱线#1 243 360
纱线#2 226 273
纱线#3 204 235
纱线#4 237 323
纱线#5 130 163
纱线#6 148 156
纱线#7 275 327
纱线#8 210 281
表格3B
样品2洗涤检测(15英寸的样品)
 
导体编号 洗涤前的电阻(ohms) 10次洗涤之后的电阻(ohms)
纱线#1 207 284
纱线#2 208 317
纱线#3 150 282
纱线#4 159 299
纱线#5 233 328
纱线#6 205 290
纱线#7 178 275
纱线#8 230 392
实施例2
在实施例2中，2.5厘米宽的功能性伸展层压件如实施例1那样制备，除了19个
Figure S05819786020061220D000171
斯潘德克斯线大致等距和平行设置并且设置在4个分隔的功能性伸展层压件中，下面的功能性元件沿该
Figure S05819786020061220D000172
斯潘德克斯线在位置2和10中设置：(1)在该第一功能性伸展层压件中，29规格的涂敷了硅酮的铜股线；(2)在该第二功能性伸展层压件中，29规格的涂敷了硬的黑色FEP涂层的铜股线；(3)在该第三功能性伸展层压件中，“BEADALON”Professional Series Stringing Wire，涂敷尼龙的0.013”或者0.33mm的49股金属线，其从BEADALON，WESTChester，Pennysylvania，19382；和(4)在该第四功能性伸展层压件中，金色90微米金属丝和黑色70微米金属丝。
每个功能性伸展层压件的3个样品被制备，每个含有该四个功能性元件之一(对于总共12个样品来说)。每个样品使用Zwick疲劳检测仪在10000次循环下被检测。对于使用该前3个功能性元件之一的实施例来说，两个6英寸长的功能性伸展层压件在75％伸展下被折叠。对于使用该第四个功能性元件的样品来说，两个6.5英寸长度传导伸展层压件被折叠和扭结成8字型。每个传导元件的电阻在Zwick检测之前或者之后被检测。
在表格4中的结果表明用前3个功能性元件制备的样品中的每一个能够承受该Zwick检测程序。但是，用该第四个功能性元件制备的样品没有承受Zwick检测程序(因为与破坏该伸展层压件本身相反地，金属丝断裂)。
表格4
Zwick检测结果
 
样品 编号(功能性元件) Zwick检测之前的电阻(ohms) 10000次循环Zwick检测之后的电阻(ohms)
层压件#1 涂敷硅酮的铜线 1.0 0.7
层压件#2 涂敷硅酮的铜线 1.0 0.7
层压件#3 涂敷硅酮的铜线 1.0 0.6
层压件#4 涂敷FEP的铜线 1.0 0.5
层压件#5 涂敷FEP的铜线 1.0 0.5
层压件#6 涂敷FEP的铜线 0.8 0.5
层压件#7 BEADALON金属线 14.3 12.0
层压件#8 BEADALON金属线 13.4 11.7
层压件#9 BEADALON金属线 13.4 11.6
层压件#10 金料和黑料线 金料：2.0黑料：3.9 无传导性，金属丝断裂
层压件#11 金料和黑料线 金料：2.0黑料：3.9 无传导性，金属丝断裂
层压件#12 金料和黑料线 金料：2.0黑料：3.9 无传导性，金属丝断裂
实施例3
在实施例3中，功能性伸展层压件和实施例1中一样被制备。该实施例3的功能性伸展层压件具有4或者8个传导元件，其包括绝缘的镀银单股铜线。这些金属线通过表格1给出的相应的颜色被描述。在存在4个传导元件时，它们被引入到在该
Figure S05819786020061220D000181
斯潘德克斯纱线的位置2，5，8，和11中的该功能性伸展层压件中。在存在8个传导元件时，它们被引入到在该
Figure S05819786020061220D000182
斯潘德克斯纱线的位置1，3，4，6，7，9，10和12中的该功能性伸展层压件中。所获得的功能性伸展层压件大约2.5cm宽。在经受了实施例1描述的洗涤检测之后，该功能性伸展层压件样品受到上述的电阻测量。另外，该功能性伸展层压件样品在延伸该层压件样品的放松长度的30％之前或者期间受到电阻测量。Zwick疲劳检测与前面的实施例一样地进行。
表格5-9总结了用于实施例3的检测和测量数据。
表格5
 
样品3A(8个导体：红色42AWG和绿色40AWG) 洗涤前的电阻(ohms) 10次洗涤之后的电阻(ohms)
红色金属丝#1 8.6 7.9
绿色金属丝#2 5.8 失效
绿色金属丝#3 5.4 失效
红色金属丝#4 7.4 6.9
红色金属丝#5 8.9 失效
绿色金属丝#6 7.6 失效
绿色金属丝#7 5.0 失效
红色金属丝#8 7.5 7.5
表格6
 
样品3B(8个导体：红色42AWG和绿色40AWG) 洗涤前的电阻(ohms) 10次洗涤之后的电阻(ohms)
红色金属丝#1 2.3 2.3
绿色金属丝#2 1.6 1.6
绿色金属丝#3 1.8 1.8
红色金属丝#4 2.4 2.4
红色金属丝#5 2.5 2.5
绿色金属丝#6 1.6 1.6
绿色金属丝#7 1.7 1.7
红色金属丝#8 2.5 2.5
表格7
 
样品3C(蓝色38AWG) 洗涤前的电阻(ohms) 10次洗涤后的电阻(ohms)
蓝色金属线#1 4.6 失效
蓝色金属线#2 5.3 2.9
蓝色金属线#3 3.1 2.9
蓝色金属线#4 4.8 3.0
表格8
 
样品3D(蓝色38AWG) 洗涤前的电阻(ohms) 10次洗涤后的电阻(ohms)
蓝色金属线#1 3.0 3.1
蓝色金属线#2 4.0 3.0
蓝色金属线#3 4.8 2.9
蓝色金属线#4 3.1 失效
表格9
 
样品3C(蓝色38AWG) Zwick3000次循环之后的电阻(ohms) Zwick6000次循环之后的电阻(ohms)
蓝色金属线#1 1.3 无传导，失败的检测
蓝色金属线#2 无传导，失败的检测
蓝色金属线#3
蓝色金属线#4
实施例4
在这个实施例中，一对不绝缘的扁平铜带(在截面中测量：0.003＊0.062英寸)用作传导元件。单一的扭结对
Figure S05819786020061220D000201
斯潘德克斯纱线用作该伸展和恢复元件，包括两个1520分特的在传导元件以其在非织造织物的平面中的最宽的尺寸被插入到该两个非织造织物之间的同时线保持在1.3倍的牵伸，从而形成了功能性伸展层压件。用于制作该伸展层压件的工艺另外大致与在前面的实施例中使用的工艺相同。所获得的层压件宽大约2.5cm，该传导元件间隔大约1.5cm，同时该单一扭结对
Figure S05819786020061220D000211
斯潘德克斯纱线在该铜传导元件之间。该层压件在放松状态下具有褶皱外观，其特征在于大约15-20mm的重复长度L，如图4B所示。
实施例5
这个实施例表明端部的层压结构的表现可以通过以z折叠，z形或者s包裹形折叠该层压件结构回到自身上至少一次被改善，然后用诸如粘胶、快连接、铆钉、缝合和/或者订书钉的机械紧固系统固定该端部，例如图5A和5B所示，其示出了夹持装置的机械紧固系统。
用于这个实施例中的该功能性伸展层压件分别为大约1英寸宽，8英寸长，或者根据实施例2的方法制作，其中下面的功能性元件沿在位置2和10中的斯潘德克斯纱线设置：(1)在该第一功能性伸展层压件中，涂敷硅酮的29规格的铜股线；(2)在该第二功能性伸展层压件中，涂敷了硬的黑色FEP涂层的29规格的铜股线；(3)在该第三功能性伸展层压件中，“BEADALON”Professional Seriesbead Stringing Wire。使用标准的快连接作为机械紧固系统。
上述的层压件被检测以确定从该层压件结构拉该功能性元件所需的力的大小。从每个层压件拉该功能性元件所需的力的大小被这样确定：在房间中在70°F(21.1摄氏度)和相对湿度为65％下将每个层压件设置在Instron拉力检测机上。该Instron拉力检测机是装备了Merlin数据收集软件系统(Merlin系统和设备硬件可以从Instron公司(Braintree，Massachusetts)获得)的Instron Model5565。1英寸+/-0.05英寸的宽度(2.54cm+/-0.13cm)和大致8英寸(20.32cm)长的伸展非织造薄片的样品被夹持在该Instron机的爪中，样品长度设置为3.00英寸(7.62cm)。该样品被制备为使得该样品的长度与该伸展的非织造物的斯潘德克斯和/或者功能性元件的方向对齐。该样品以6英寸每分钟(15.24cm/min)的速率伸长直到该样品断裂为两部分，在断裂点处的该最大的克力被记录。
如表格10所示，已经被折叠在自身上并且固定的层压件结构端部保持了该功能性元件更稳固地在该层压件结构中。与拉标准的未固定传导元件的力相比，可以需要2-3倍的从该结构上拉该功能性/传导元件的力，所述标准的未固定传导元件可以从粘胶的层压件结构上用低拉力被拉离。
表格10
拉检测结果
(拉或者断裂功能性材料所需的力的单位lbs)
 
样品 标准结构 快连接的S包裹结构 粘胶的S包裹结构
 
层压件#1(涂敷硅酮的铜线) 0.54 6.49 7.56
层压件#2(涂敷硅酮的铜线) 4.6 4.44 8.67
层压件#3(涂敷FEP的铜线) 3.09 7.38 10.95
层压件#4(涂敷FEP的铜线) 5.42 9.79 6.03
层压件#5(BEADALON线) 6.62 14.61 20.67
层压件#6(BEADALON线) 8.09 16.65 13.66
该说明书中的内容不能被认为限定本发明的范围。所有的实施例仅仅是示范性的而不是限定性的。按照本领域普通技术人员根据所述教导的理解，上述的实施例可以被改进。可以加入元件或者省去元件，而不背离本发明。因此应该理解的是本发明需要用权利要求书的范围衡量，可以以已经在说明书中描述的方式的替换方式实施。

Claims (29)

1.一种具有褶皱的外观的功能性伸展层压件，包括：
(a)织物或者薄膜的第一和第二外层；
(b)至少一个伸展和恢复元件和与该伸展和恢复元件共同延伸的至少一个功能性元件；和
(c)用于在两个外层之间粘结该伸展和恢复元件和功能性元件的粘合成分；
其中，在该伸展和恢复元件处于放松或者未伸展状态时获得了该褶皱外观。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，织物或者薄膜的外层具有大致相同的宽度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，织物或者薄膜的每个外层具有与该伸展和恢复元件接触的内表面和外表面，并且该粘合剂仅仅部分覆盖至少一个外层的内表面并且渗入到第一和第二外层的外表面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该至少一个伸展和恢复元件和该至少一个功能性元件大致平行或者一起延伸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该伸展和恢复元件包括斯潘德克斯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该功能性元件选自绝缘的单一或者多股金属线，非绝缘的单一或者多股金属线，涂敷金属的聚合纤维，天然传导的聚合纤维，塑料光纤，石英玻璃光纤，和涂敷金属的薄膜。
7.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该功能性元件包括至少一种具有功能性性能的材料，该至少一种材料被搀杂，扭结，芯纺或者覆盖有：(i)至少一种具有功能性性能的其他材料，或者(ii)一种具有伸展和恢复性能的材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该具有伸展和恢复性能的材料包括斯潘德克斯，具有功能性性能的材料选自：金属线；电学或者光学的功能复合纱线，该功能复合纱线包括被至少一个功能性覆盖长丝围绕的弹性元件；导电弹性体复合物，该导电弹性体复合物具有可变电阻；和镀银的纺织尼龙长丝。
9.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该织物或者薄膜外层选自非织造织物，织造织物，针织织物，纸和聚合薄膜。
10.根据权利要求7所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该织物或者薄膜的外层选自非织造织物，织造织物，针织织物，纸和聚合薄膜。
11.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，每个外层具有外表面，该功能性伸展层压件的远端被折叠回到其自身上至少一次，这样折叠的端部被紧固到一个外层的该外表面上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该折叠的端部通过粘结或机械紧固机构被紧固，所述机械紧固机构选自：铆接，快连接，缝合，订书钉连接，焊接和封装。
13.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该层压件适于连接到至少一个连接器上，所述连接器能够用于将在该层压件中的功能性元件连接到选自电和辐射的源上。
14.根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该伸展层压件的至少一部分是可传导的。
15.根据权利要求14所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中该伸展层压件的至少一部分是导电的。
16.根据权利要求14所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该伸展层压件的至少一部分导光。
17.根据权利要求14所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该伸展层压件的至少一部分能够提供电磁场。
18.根据权利要求14所述的功能性伸展层压件，其中，该伸展层压件的至少一部分能够提供对电磁场的屏蔽。
19.一种用于制备具有褶皱外观的功能性伸展层压件的方法，包括：
提供一段具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展材料的第一件，所述不可伸展材料为织物或者薄膜；
将至少一段伸展和恢复元件延伸和固定到其未变形的可恢复伸展极限的至少50％，并且
将与所述伸展和恢复元件一起延伸的至少一段功能性元件延伸和固定，并且
将该伸展和恢复元件和该功能性元件的延伸长度沿着一部分固定长度固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面上；
提供具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第二件，将所述不可伸展的材料的第二件固定到伸展和恢复元件上或者沿着一部分长度固定到与所述伸展和恢复元件共同延伸的所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面上，以便形成该功能性伸展层压件；和
放松所述伸展和恢复元件的该伸展长度并且允许该功能性伸展层压件起褶皱。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述至少一个伸展和恢复元件和所述至少一个功能性元件在被伸展和固定时大致平行和共同延伸。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述伸展和恢复元件包括斯潘德克斯。
22.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述功能性元件选自：绝缘的单一或者多股金属线，非绝缘的单一或者多股金属线，涂敷金属的聚合纤维，天然传导的聚合纤维，塑料光纤，石英玻璃光纤，和涂敷金属的薄膜。
23.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，所述织物或者薄膜选自非织造织物，织造织物，针织织物，纸和聚合薄膜。
24.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，还包括如下步骤：(i)该功能性伸展层压件的远端被折叠回到其自身上至少一次，(ii)这样折叠的端部被紧固到一个外层的该外表面上。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中，所述紧固利用粘结或机械紧固机构，所述机械紧固机构选自：铆接，快连接，缝合，订书钉连接，焊接和封装。
26.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中，还包括将至少一个连接器连接到功能性伸展层压件上，所述连接器能够用于将在该层压件中的至少一个功能性元件连接到选自电和辐射的源上。
27.根据权利要求26所述的方法，其中，还包括将电源连接到所述至少一个功能性元件上。
28.根据权利要求26所述的方法，其中，还包括将所述辐射源连接到所述至少一个功能性元件上。
29.一种服装，其结合有根据权利要求1所述的功能性伸展层压件。
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