CN1976805A - 用于加热或者取暖的纺织结构 - Google Patents

用于加热或者取暖的纺织结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1976805A
CN1976805A CNA2005800197875A CN200580019787A CN1976805A CN 1976805 A CN1976805 A CN 1976805A CN A2005800197875 A CNA2005800197875 A CN A2005800197875A CN 200580019787 A CN200580019787 A CN 200580019787A CN 1976805 A CN1976805 A CN 1976805A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
laminate
heating element
element heater
laminate according
stratie
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CNA2005800197875A
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English (en)
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CN1976805B (zh
Inventor
S·B·布尔
Q·N·哈森吉
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Textronics Inc
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Textronics Inc
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Publication of CN1976805A publication Critical patent/CN1976805A/zh
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Publication of CN1976805B publication Critical patent/CN1976805B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/26—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock
    • A41D31/265—Electrically protective, e.g. preventing static electricity or electric shock using layered materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/08—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by added members at particular parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H05B3/342—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs heaters used in textiles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
    • H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
    • H05K9/009—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising electro-conductive fibres, e.g. metal fibres, carbon fibres, metallised textile fibres, electro-conductive mesh, woven, non-woven mat, fleece, cross-linked
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2437/00—Clothing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1043—Subsequent to assembly
    • Y10T156/1049—Folding only
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Abstract

本发明提供一种结实且耐洗的层压复合织物，该织物设有至少一个提供热量和温暖的元件，本发明还提供一种形成这样的织物的方法。一般而言，该层压织物足够结实以便结合到服装中取暖纺织结构中。该层压织物可包括一个或多个伸展和恢复元件以便该层压件适于围绕三维体固定。

Description

用于加热或者取暖的纺织结构
技术领域
本发明涉及柔性纺织结构，适用于围绕3维物品的固定，具有提供热或者温暖的能力。
背景技术
已经披露了具有提供热量或者温暖能力的织物。例如授于ROCK的美国公开申请US2005/0061802披露了一种织物用品，在施加电能时它产生了热。在该申请中，导线形式的电阻加热元件通过针织或者织造工艺结合到一种织物前体中。所获得的织物前体将该导线直接结合到其织造或者针织结构中。
授予Vikram Sharma的PCT出版物WO2003/087451A2(“sharma”)披露了一种管状针织织物系统，包括针织在一起的电绝缘纱线，伸展纱线和“功能”纱线以形成一种管状针织织物。在Sharma中，该功能纱线是导电的，具有0.01ohm/meter-5000ohm/meter的电阻。该“功能”纱线以连续螺旋形式嵌入到该管状针织物中，所述连续螺旋延伸由该管状针织物形成的袖子的长度。身体部分例如四肢部分被一部分管状织物围绕以便车辆生理信息。另外，被Sharma披露的这些管状针织物适合于用在窄弹性带结构中，在该结构中功能纱线用作电信号的平行导体。Sharma’s的窄弹性带结构的缺点是该功能纱线或者线必须与所有其他器件一起同时针织到该结构中。
上面的参考文件通过使用织造或者针织类型的织物结构结合了功能器件，例如电导体。这样的功能器件具有与传统纺织品不好的兼容性。此外，这样的功能器件一般导致了在传统织物成形工艺中的困难(例如织造，针织，无缝针织)。例如，金属线，小缆线和塑料光纤通常很差地与通常的纺织纤维匹配，因为它们的易碎性、弹性模数，延伸性和抗拉强度。特别地，这样的缺点在期望该结构或者服装的弹性恢复和柔性时以及期望能洗服装时是很显著的。因此，需要能够克服现有技术的一个或者多个缺点的柔性和弹性纺织结构。
该技术继续寻求具有能够提供热或者温暖的元件的结构，其中该结构不具有至少一个上述的缺点。非常希望象洗标准服装那样洗带有加热元件的织物结构。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种可具有大致扁平外观或者褶皱外观的加热或者取暖层压件。该层压件包括：织物、纸或者薄膜的第一和第二外层；至少一个加热元件；和用于在该外层之间结合该加热元件的粘合剂。该加热元件可以是电阻加热元件，适于与电源相连。该加热元件可以是传导纱线，例如包括绝缘材料芯及在所述芯周围设置的电阻加热元件的纱线。
优选地，该功能性层压件还包括至少一个伸展和恢复元件，其结合在该外层之间。通过这样的伸展和恢复元件，在该伸展和恢复元件处于放松或者不伸展状态时，具有大致褶皱外观的层压件产生了。
所述至少一个加热元件的一部分可以通过至少一个设置在该层压件中的孔或者通路被暴露。如果该层压件具有伸展和恢复性能，则该至少一个加热元件的一部分可以从这个通路向外伸展或者成环。
一种服装，可穿着物，加热垫或者电毯结合一个或者多个本发明的层压件。
本发明还涉及一种用于制备具有加热或者取暖性能的层压件的方法。该方法包括：提供一段具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第一件；将与所述不可伸展的材料的第一件一起延伸的至少一段加热元件延伸和固定，并且还将该加热元件固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致一部分固定长度上；提供具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第二件，将所述不可伸展的材料的第二件固定到所述加热元件上或者固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致一部分长度上，以便形成该层压件。
如果具有伸展和恢复性能的替换层压件被期望的话，该方法还包括：将至少一段伸展和恢复元件延伸和固定到其未变形的可恢复伸展极限的至少50％，并且将这样伸展的伸展和恢复元件固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面上，使得该伸展和恢复元件与所述加热元件共同伸展。一旦该不可伸展的材料的第一和第二件被结合在一起或者结合到该伸展和恢复元件上，该伸展和恢复元件的被伸展的长度可以被大致放松，从而允许该功能性伸展层压件褶皱。如果在该层压件的外层之一中设置孔或者通路，则该至少一个加热元件的一部分可以从该至少一个孔或者通路向外延伸或者成环。
附图说明
本发明将参照附图详细描述：
图1是适于制作本发明的层压件的设备的侧视图；
图2是用于制作本发明的层压件的设备的一部分的俯视图；
图3适于制作本发明的具有伸展和恢复性能的替换层压件的设备的侧视图；
图4用于制作本发明的具有伸展和恢复性能的替换层压件的设备的一部分的俯视图；
图5A-5B是本发明的层压件的截面图，示出了加热元件夹在其他不可伸展的材料的两个织物或者薄片之间；
图5C和5D是本发明的层压件的截面图，示出了加热元件和伸展和恢复元件夹在其他不可伸展的材料的两个织物或者薄片之间；
图6本发明层压件的边缘截面图；
图7A和7B是本发明的具有伸展和恢复性能的替换层压件的边缘截面图；在图7A中，该层压件在延伸应力下，在图7B中，该层压件被放松并且处于不延伸应力下；
图8A-8D是可以用于在该复合层压件的外部薄片中形成穿孔以便暴露加热元件的穿孔图案的俯视图；
图8E和8F是层压件的透视图，其中加热元件的部分通过在该层压件中的通路或者孔被暴露；在图8E中，加热元件通过延伸的狭缝形穿孔被暴露，在图8F中，4个加热元件通过单个穿孔被暴露；
图8G和8H是具有伸展和恢复性能的替换层压件的透视图，其中该加热元件的部分从该层压件的一个外层向外成环；在图8G中，示出两个环，其通过延伸的狭缝形穿孔延伸，在图8H中示出4个环，每个环通过单个穿孔延伸；
图9A和9B是本发明的具有伸展和恢复性能的替换层压件的边缘截面图其中在该层压件结构中设有通路或者穿孔，在图9A中，该层压件处于延伸应力下，在图9B中，该层压件被放松并且处于不延伸应力下；
图10A是本发明层压件的透视图，其中在每个端部形成z折叠以便将该加热元件稳定在该层压件中；
图10B是夹持结合装置的侧视图，以便在形成于图10A的层压件的一个端部处的z折叠处提供一种可能的电连接装置；和
图11是具有伸展和恢复性能的替换层压件的透视图，其中在每个端部形成z折叠以便将该加热元件稳定在该层压件中。
具体实施方式
本发明包括可以是具有大致扁平表面外观或者大致褶皱外观的复合织物的用于加热或者取暖的层压件。该层压件可以是传导性的、结实的、耐洗的并且适于围绕3维主体固定。
本发明的该层压件一般包括：
(a)非织造、针织或者织造织物或者薄膜的第一和第二外层，其中每个层具有相对该复合织物的内表面(或第一表面)和外表面(或第二表面)；
(b)夹在该外层之间的至少一个加热元件；
(c)用于将该第一和第二外层结合或者用于将该第一和第二外层结合到该加热元件的粘合成分。
该非织造、针织或者织造织物，或者薄膜的两个外层在一个实施例中可以具有大致相同的宽度。
在至少一个实施例中，该层压件还包括伸展和恢复元件的至少一个丝条，例如具有弹性体性能的纤维，其也夹在该外层之间。
该弹性体纤维在另一个实施例中可以至少为400分特，其中，该丝条的数量和纤维分特的关系是：使得该可伸展的织物的回收力至少是0.22lb/inch(38.9g/cm)。
另外，该粘合成分在一个实施例中可以包括大约8-70％重量的层压件，尽管实施成仅仅部分覆盖至少一个外层的内表面，但是这样的粘合剂可以渗入到每个外层的外面大约小于10％，这取决于每个外层的表面面积。
此外，该加热元件可以大致平行或者与至少一个其他加热元件和/或者至少一个伸展和恢复元件一起延伸。
此外该层压件可以设有至少一个允许暴露至少一个加热元件的孔或者通路。所述至少一个孔或者通路还允许在该层压件包括伸展和恢复元件的至少一个丝条且该层压件处于放松且不伸展的状态时该至少一个加热元件从该层压件向外延伸或成环。
本发明还提供了一种制作用于加热或者取暖的层压件的方法，该方法包括：
提供一段具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第一件；
将与该不可伸展的材料一起延伸的加热元件的至少一段伸展和固定，和
将该加热元件的所伸展的段固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致固定长度的一部分上；
提供具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第二件，和将所述不可伸展的材料的第二件固定到该加热元件上，或者固定到与所述加热元件一起伸展的不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的一部分长度上，从而形成了该层压件。
在本发明方法的一个实施例中，该外层大致被平面化并且在所述至少一个功能元件紧固到这个层上时固定到位。正如在本文中所使用的那样，术语“平面化”是指将一部分织物、网状物、或者薄膜变为大致平面的并且没有皱褶的弄平的结构。
在另一个实施例中，伸展和恢复元件的至少一段可以延伸到其未变形的可恢复延伸极限的50％并且与该至少一个加热元件一起延伸，其中该加热元件和/或者该伸展和恢复元件的延伸长度被固定到不可伸展的材料的所述件的第一表面的固定长度的大致一部分上。在已经提供了第二件的不可伸展的材料并且将其固定到加热元件，该伸展和恢复元件，和/或者所述的不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面上之后，该伸展和恢复元件的延伸长度大致被放松，从而允许该层压件褶皱。
正如在本文中所使用的，合适的“大致未伸展的材料”包括非织造织物、织造织物，针织织物，纸，取向或者不取向的薄膜，包括具有金属涂层的上述的材料的变形物。这些织造、非织造和针织织物可以包括短纤维或者连续纤维，包括选自聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺和碳氟树脂(polyperfluorinated olefins)的纤维。合适的薄膜可以包括聚合物，包括聚酯、聚烯烃，碳氟树脂(polyperfluorinatedolefins)，和聚酰胺。该层压件的外层的织物或者薄膜可以包括上述的大致不可伸展的材料中的任何一种。
正如在本文中所使用的，合适的“伸展和恢复元件”包括至少一个斯潘德克斯或者弹性合成纤维、薄膜或者涂层(例如，LYCRA斯潘德克斯)。合适的伸展和恢复元件还可以包括诸如聚酯双组分纤维的材料，例如Type400商标的聚(乙烯对苯二甲酸)//聚(环丙烷对苯二甲酸)双组分纤维，这可以从Invista Sàr.l.(“T400”)商业获得。伸展和恢复元件还可以包括提供了伸展和恢复以及功能性能的材料，例如可传导的可伸展复合纱线，披露在PCT出版物WO2004/097089A1中，其整个公开内容作为参考在这里被引用(后面称为“含有被至少一个传导覆盖长丝围绕的弹性元件的电的和光学的功能复合纱线”)。
合适的伸展和恢复元件可以具有200％的断裂伸长度，例如超过400％。另外，这样的材料在张力释放时可以立即恢复为它的原始长度。
正如在本文中使用的那样，合适的“加热元件”包括电阻加热长丝，例如由不锈钢(例如316L不锈钢)形成的金属长丝。该长丝可以插入到该层压件中。一般地，多于一个的这样的长丝被裹在鞘材料中，例如聚酯或者尼龙纱线以便形成传导纱线。在一个实施例中，加热元件是包括绝缘材料例如聚酯或者尼龙纱线的芯的导体，围绕该芯延伸一个或者多个电阻加热长丝，所述电阻加热长丝围绕该芯螺旋卷绕。绝缘材料的外部覆盖物然后围绕该芯和该长丝螺旋卷绕以便形成这样的传导纱线。该传导纱线的芯和在该传导长丝上覆盖的外部覆盖物的鞘材料可以由合成的或者天然材料形成。在一些实施例中，该芯和/或者鞘是尼龙的，例如大约140旦尼尔尼龙或者聚酯，例如大约600旦尼尔的聚酯。该外部覆盖物还可以具有套形，例如浸渍涂敷的或者拉伸的套。没有外部覆盖物的传导纱线可以被使用，只要该层压件结构的织物或者薄膜足够用来在加热和取暖层压件中隔离该传导纱线。
该加热元件最好具有范围在0.1-500ohms/cm的电阻。在一些实施例中，该加热元件具有大约190ohm/m(1.9ohm/cm)或者250ohm/m(2.5ohm/cm)的电阻。正如在本文中使用的那样，术语“适合于围绕任何3维主体固定”是指该功能性层压件是柔性并且是弹性的，允许符合任何形状。特别地，在该加热层压件是服装或者服装组件或者其他设置在身体的至少一部分上的可穿着物时，该层压件至少同符合身体的三维形状的服装或者可穿着物具有一样的适应性。在层压件可适应的符合任何三维主体方面该层压结构的强度是天然的，以便在出现该层压件复合三维形状的任何运动时保持该层压件的加热元件性能。
正如在本文中使用的那样，该术语“耐洗的”是指该层压件至少是可水洗的。特别是，在该层压件是一种可水洗的服装或者其他设置在身体上的可水洗的可穿着物的组件时，该层压件结构在多次水洗或者清洗循环后保持了该层压件的加热元件的性能。例如，在至少一个洗涤循环之后保持加热元件的性能，就是耐洗的。
正如在本文中使用的那样，术语“传导”是指至少一部分该层压件导电，产生热量，或者能够提供电磁场。
正如在本文中使用的那样，术语“大致平行或者共同伸展”是指该加热元件沿该层压件的相同方向(称为“机器方向)纵向伸展，而不接触相邻的伸展和恢复元件(在该层压件具有伸展和恢复性能时)或者加热元件。这样的大致平行或者共同延伸的元件在至少一个实施例中可以沿垂直于它们延伸的方向的方向在它们的长度上大致与其他/或者加热元件(和/或者伸展和恢复元件)等距。例如，当加热元件沿该层压件的机器方向延伸时，然后大致平行的或者共同延伸的另一个加热元件也在该机器方向上延伸，所述两个元件彼此在垂直于该机器方向的方向上在其长度上的一些点处等距。该术语“大致平行或者共同伸展”还包括这样一些位置：加热元件和伸展和恢复元件在相同方向上均匀张紧(例如当二者在机器方向均匀张紧时)。
在一个实施例中，本发明的层压件是一种具有可变数量的褶皱的复合件，包括非织造织物的两个外层和含有至少一个加热元件的内层，大致相同分特的两个或者多个大致平行或者共同延伸的弹性体纤维(伸展和恢复元件)，其能够完成从达到300％伸长量恢复。该弹性体纤维大致在缺少外部施加的力时放松。另外，在另一个实施例中，该弹性体纤维可以彼此沿垂直于其长度的方向相等间隔。
适于制作本发明的层压件的非织造织物可以具有大约10-大约100克/平方米的基重。许多类型的非织造织物适于应用在这个实施例中。代表性的实施例包括由热粘、纺粘和水力缠结的纤维构成的非织造物。例如它们可以包括合成聚合纤维，例如聚烯烃，聚酯和聚酰胺纤维。
本发明的层压件包括夹在不可延伸的材料，例如非织造织物或者薄膜构成的外层之间的至少一个加热元件的中间层。这个中间层可以包括至少一个丝条例如在宽度上3.2丝条/厘米构成的弹性体纤维，其中每个丝条至少是400分特。每厘米丝条的数目，例如达到约6.3。这两个参数(丝条和分特)的组合可以例如选择成能够提供大约38.9(克力/厘米)的最小的回收力，该最小的回收力是在完成的产品伸展其原始长度的150％时测得的
在这个中间层中的该加热元件在一个实施例中可以是传导纱线。该传导纱线可以包括，例如绝缘材料的芯和设置在所述芯周围的电阻加热元件。该传导纱线还可以包括大致围绕该电阻加热元件和该芯的鞘材料。如上所述，该鞘材料例如可以包括围绕该电阻加热元件和芯卷绕或者可以被涂敷的纱线。
另外，该加热元件可以包括传导纱线，例如例如Xstatic纱线或者与金属线扭结在一起的纤维。
该层压件的层被粘合成分粘结在一起。在该复合件中的每一个元件应该粘合到该复合件的至少一个其他元件上。例如，可以将粘合剂施加到该加热元件上，而该元件粘合到该外层的内表面上当层压件具有伸展和恢复性能时该粘合剂还可以施加到该伸展和恢复元件上。作为另一个实施例，可以将粘合剂施加到该外层中的一个的内表面上。该粘合成分例如可以由大约8％-70％重量的复合织物构成。在该水平之上的该层压件中的粘合剂含量在某些情况下可能是有缺点的，因为该织物可以粘合到自身上。合适的粘合成分例如可以是热熔粘合剂，例如苯乙烯基的嵌段共聚物，包括苯乙烯/异戊二烯和苯乙烯/丁二烯嵌段共聚物。可以通过其他方法进行粘合，例如火焰层压和激光或者超声波焊接，如果这样的技术可以不损害该加热元件地实施的话。
该层压件例如可以以一种方法制备，均匀张紧的弹性体长丝等距间隔并且大致具有相同分特，例如不小于400分特每长丝，例如大约2200分特丝条被一起喂入。这些弹性体长丝设置在两层织物之间，例如非织造织物。在一个实施例中，至少每厘米宽度3.15长丝(丝条)被提供。该丝条可以大致彼此平行并且平行于该非织造织物的边缘。该三层用粘合剂粘结，然后在粘合之后立即去除张力。这个方法可以生产褶皱的织物，其具有大致均匀的扁平表面外观，该外观由小的大致均匀的褶皱导致。
在图1的侧视图中示出的设备可以用在落入本发明的范围中的制作功能性层压件的工艺中。图1示出了该加热元件5和10的供应辊2和4。但是，可以想到多个供应辊和加热元件(例如见图2，示出了加热元件5和5’，10，10’和10”的供应辊2和2’，4，4’，4”)。加热元件可以在辊15和夹持辊50之间均匀张紧从而提供稳定性但是整体上这样的加热元件5和10基本上不伸长。在图1中，该加热元件5和10是以侧面靠侧面示出的并且可以在该引导盘25的辊表面上的任何节距上分隔。在多个加热元件供应到该工艺中(见图2，其中示出了该工艺的机器方向M)时，可以理解到该引导盘25(在图1和2)或者等效的间隔装置可以提供每个加热元件的定位和节距。在图1中，一层大致平行的加热元件5和10这样示出：在从辊33供应的非织造织物35的层之一的顶部上设置。粘合剂30例如热熔粘合剂经由导管20施加到加热元件以及底部非织造层上。从辊33’供应的非织造的其他层35’然后设置在辊40处的粘合处理组合的顶部上并且该组合结构在夹持辊50处被热压。另外，该粘合剂30可以施加到该加热元件上，之后将它们设置在非织造织物的层之间。当该粘合完成时，该均匀张力大致完全被释放并且该复合织物放松以形成所期望的褶皱结构55。箭头D示出了所生成的结构55远离该夹持辊50的行进方向。
在图3中示出的设备可以用在制作落入本发明范围内的具有伸展和恢复性能的层压件的工艺中。图3示出了单一的供应加热元件5的供应辊2和弹性体长丝10的单一供应辊4。但是，也可以构思多个供应辊和加热元件(例如见图4，示出了加热元件5和5’的供应辊2和2’和弹性体长丝10，10’，10”的供应辊4，4’和4”)。该弹性体长丝可以均匀张紧在辊15和夹持辊50之间以提供大于50％的伸长度。加热元件可以均匀张紧在辊15’和夹持辊50之间以提供稳定性，但是这样的加热元件5并不被伸长。在图3中，该该单一加热元件5和该单一弹性体长丝10是以侧面靠侧面示出的并且可以在该引导盘25的辊表面上的任何节距上分隔。在多个弹性体纤维和多个加热元件供应到该工艺中(见图4，其中示出了该工艺的机器方向M)时，可以理解到该引导盘25(在图3和4)或者等效的间隔装置可以提供每个弹性体纤维和加热元件的定位和节距。在图3中，不小于50％伸展的大致平行的弹性体纤维10的层和加热元件5这样示出：在从辊33供应的非织造织物35的层之一的顶部上设置。粘合剂30例如热熔粘合剂经由导管20施加到该弹性体纤维和加热元件以及底部非织造层上。从辊33’供应的非织造的其他层35’然后设置在辊40处的粘合处理组合的顶部上并且该组合结构在夹持辊50处被热压同时该弹性体纤维10保持在伸展状态。另外，该粘合剂30可以施加到该弹性体纤维和加热元件上，之后将它们设置在非织造织物的层之间。当该粘合完成时，该均匀张力大致完全被释放并且该复合织物放松以形成所期望的褶皱结构55。箭头D示出了所产生的结构55远离该夹持辊50的行进方向。
该热熔粘合剂30(例如见图2和4)可以以多种不同的方法实施。在一个实施例中，该熔合的粘合剂可以作为来自喷嘴的不连续网通过以熔吹知名的工艺沉积(一个这样的喷嘴22在图2和4中的粘合剂导管20的端部示出)。在另一个方法中，该熔合的粘合剂可以以称为螺旋喷的工艺作为来自这样的喷嘴的固体流沉积：该喷嘴沿所述网通过的螺旋图案移动。其中该粘合剂仅仅部分覆盖该非织造层的图案例如由熔吹或者螺旋喷生产的图案可以导致该复合织物的均匀扁平表面外观。“仅仅部分覆盖”是指该粘合剂在该非织造物的一部分处存在而在相邻部分处没有。这也可以通过施加“点阵”图案来完成。
图5A和5B示出了具有不同的加热元件5和5b的功能性层压结构。在图3A中加热元件5是金属线或者长丝。在图3B中，加热元件5b是带状金属丝。
在图5C和5D中，示出了具有不同加热元件5和5b的伸展和恢复性能的层压件结构。在图5C中，加热元件是金属线或者长丝。在图5D中，加热元件5b是带状金属丝。在图5C和5D中，弹性体纤维10如图3和4所示并且与该金属丝5和5b交替地显示。在图5A-5D中，如图1-4那样描述非织造织物35和35’。
本发明的层压件含有伸展和恢复元件，其扁平度和光滑度可以通过在该加热元件从其放松状态伸展到其最终的伸长度时的厚度的改变而确定。总体上来讲，该织物的外观越光滑，伸展时厚度的改变越小。另外，可以计算该放松的层压织物的每线性长度厘米(英寸)升高的部分(称为褶皱)的数量(在图7B中L表示褶皱之间的距离)。从给定的延伸长度开始，随着在放松的织物中该褶皱数的增加，每个褶皱的幅度(在图7B中的A)降低。这两个值，幅度(A)和每线性固定长度褶皱(L)的比率(见图7B)，即厚度减少与每英寸褶皱数之比称为“扁平因数”。该层压件在该扁平因数小于大约5时可以称为是“扁平”或者“光滑”。
通过Ames塞尺进行厚度测量。在放松的复合织物的3个不同位置测量厚度，测量被平均。该织物然后伸展到尽可能的充分程度。在伸展时，厚度再次在3个不同位置被测量，将结果平均。从厚度值的差可以计算厚度减少的百分比。
对于该传导伸展层压件来说每线性固定长度的褶皱数这样确定：将尺子沿该织物的长度平行于该织物的边缘放置。在固定长度中的褶皱数被算出。在该织物的宽度上两个其他位置重复上述过程以确定平均值。
该层压件可以是“耐洗的”，即其可以经受至少一个洗循环而不会显示出该外层(不管是聚丙烯或者聚酯纤维基的非织造物)分层，所述分层表明在该外层之间粘合的丧失。该层压件还可以是一次性的，例如当至少一个外层包括纸时。
该层压织物在某些实施例中可以进一步特征为耐洗性，使得其可以经受至少大约28次洗循环而不显示该外层分层。为了证明这样的耐用性，下述的洗循环被使用：用38-41摄氏度的水和50克“Tide”洗涤剂在Sears Kenmore系列80洗衣机中进行30分钟热洗/热漂洗，然后在Sears Kenmore系列80干燥机中在“普通/恒压/中等”设置(达到96摄氏度(205))上进行干燥。
这些层压织物的耐洗性可以被这样提供：使用在120摄氏度下具有复合粘度的下述选择的粘合剂：(i)在该外层包括含有聚丙烯纤维的非织造织物时处于大约25帕斯卡秒(250泊)；和(ii)当该外层包括含有聚酯纤维的非织造织物时处于大约200帕斯卡秒(2000泊)。
该复合粘度的绝对值按照下述限定：
在给定频率ω和剪切应力σ下，该复合粘度的绝对值|η*|是该弹性(G’)和粘度(G”)的平方之和的平方根被该频率除：
|η*|＝√G’2+G”2/ω
有用的粘合剂的软化点一般期望超过90摄氏度(194)并且一般期望超过110摄氏度(230)。
在制作耐洗层压织物中有用的粘合剂的实例包括含有苯乙烯基础的嵌段共聚物的聚合物，该共聚物还可以包含添加剂，例如粘结剂和操作油。在该非织造织物包括聚丙烯纤维时，该粘合剂可以包括HL-1486和HL-1470(H.B.Fuller公司)和H-2104，H2494和H-2385(Bostick公司，Milwaukee Wisconsin)。在该非织造织物包括聚酯和/或者聚丙烯纤维时，该粘合剂可以包括H2385(Bostick公司，Milwaukee Wisconsin)和NS-34-3260，NS-34-3322，NS-34-5640(National Starch公司)。所有的上述粘合剂含有苯乙烯基的嵌段共聚物。用在制作本发明的耐洗层压织物的选择的粘合剂的复合粘度在EP1128952B1中披露(授权20031126和转让给E.I.Dupont deNemours和Co)，其整个内容引入在这里作为参考。
图8A-8D是可以结合本发明使用的穿孔图案的俯视图。在图8A中，一系列的11个圆孔70a形成在标准的栅格图案中。在图8B中，一系列的14个圆孔70b形成在可替换的标准栅格图案中。在图8C中，示出了矩形狭缝穿孔72，其以其整体上垂直于保持该图案的薄片的纵向伸展因此总体上垂直于该加热元件的伸长长度的最长侧面取向。在图8D中，示出了梯形狭缝穿孔74，其相对于保持该图案的薄片的纵向延伸倾斜取向。该图案的薄片在图8A-8D中代表了可以被使用的图案类型。其他有利的图案可以设计用来满足特别的要求。最好，该图案穿过该层压件的一个外层切割，同时该层被保持在扁平和固定位置中或者之后将这样的层组装在该功能性层压件中。优选地，这样的图案可以穿过该层压件的两个外层切割。
如图8所示，该穿孔例如可以是矩形或者圆形截面形孔的几何形状，其通过“穿孔”装置获得。任何截面形总的来说是适合的并且通过具有期望形状的孔冲模容易设置。穿孔装置可以例如包括手持装置，其生产单个孔，和3孔冲纸装置，其用于在纸中制作3-环装订孔。总体上，这样的穿孔装置以分步和重复方式使用以便制作一系列在该非织造物中固定间隔的孔。
另外，该非织造薄片可以通过专门的穿孔设备提供，该设备能够在固定间隔上穿孔或者在由操作者选择的随机间隔上穿孔。另外，该非织造薄片可以被划痕。这样被穿孔或者划痕的该非织造薄片可以以常规方式被卷绕，以便然后安装在设备中(例如图1所示在位置33或者33’中)。在另一个实施例中，通道可以以任何形状直接切割未卷绕的辊的多层的深度。该穿孔非织造物然后可以用于形成层压件。
图8E和8F是该层压件的透视图，其中该加热元件的一些部分从该层压件的一个外层中的孔或者通路暴露。在图8E中，示出两个加热元件76a和76b，其穿过细长狭缝形穿孔74。在图8F中示出4个加热元件78a，78b，78c和78d，每个加热元件穿过单个穿孔暴露。
图8G和8H是具有伸展和恢复性能的层压件的透视图，其中该加热元件的一些部分从该层压件的一个外层向外成环。在图8E中，示出两个环76a和76b，其穿过细长狭缝形穿孔74。在图8F中示出4个环78a，78b，78c和78d，每个环穿过单个穿孔。
参照图9A和9B，在包括伸展和恢复元件和通路的实施例中，在该外层中的该穿孔60和60’形成有开口，通过该开口该加热元件可以在释放张力和放松该层压结构时被暴露。在该层压件中的加热元件5和5’沿该层压件的长度的一些部分构成了环65和65’。该加热元件5和5’与该伸展和恢复元件10一起延伸。该伸展层压件55在该非织造层之一中设有一些穿孔60和60’。这些穿孔间隔距离P，在受到延长张力作用时该距离P限定用于该层压件。任何数量的穿孔60，60’可以设置在该非织造层中的一个或者两个中。总体上讲，间隔该穿孔的该距离P沿该层压件的总长的任何部分固定。该距离P可以加工成在选定的固定间隔处提供进入到一个或者多个加热元件中的入口。优选地，两个非织造层可以含有穿孔60和60’，它们允许在该层压件的相对侧上从该加热元件5和5’向外成环。在图9A和9B中示出了在放松状态中不受延长张力作用的复合织物。该加热元件5，5’的所述向外成环部分65和65’在不受延长张力作用下从该层压件延伸较大的距离。
向外成环的部分65和65’能够远离穿孔突出的程度至少部分是该加热元件的弯曲模量的函数。具有较高模量的加热元件在该层压件结构放松时可以显著地从该穿孔突出。相反，具有低弯曲模量的较软的加热元件倾向于保持在该非织造物的平面中，即位于用于便于进入和结束的穿孔中。
图10A是本发明的功能性层压件55的透视图，其含有两个非织造织物35和35’，并且具有两个加热元件5和5’，并且包括在每个端部处的折叠部分100或者z折叠。该折叠部分100用作应变消除以便帮助保持该加热元件在该层压结构中。
该折叠部分100还允许连接装置围绕该折叠部分夹持。在图10B中，层压件的端部以截面表示，包括夹持装置，该夹持装置包括第一部分110和第二部分120。该夹持装置的第一部分110设有至少一对螺纹孔，分别容纳螺栓130的螺纹，从而穿过该夹持装置120的第二部分并且与部分110的螺纹啮合。在图10B中，在截面图中示出的该夹持装置120和110的两个部分通过该螺纹螺栓啮合并且提供了该层压件55的折叠部分的紧夹持。可替换的保持装置包括机械紧固机构，选自粘结，铆接，快连接，缝合，卡接，焊接和装箱以便保持或者维持在该层压件55处的z折叠。
图11示出了类似于图10A的层压件，不同的是：该层压件55在这个视图中是伸展层压件，其具有因插入到该层压件中的至少一个伸展和恢复元件的放松而导致的褶皱外观。
本发明的层压件可以形成为服装或者服装组件，或者形成为加热垫或者加热毯或者加热垫或者加热毯的组件。该层压件可以为带状，其可以一体形成为带或者袖口或者可以缝合或者粘合成为纺织结构的组件。
该说明书中的内容不能被认为限定本发明的范围。所有的实施例仅仅是示范性的而不是限定性的。按照本领域普通技术人员根据所述教导的理解，上述的实施例可以被改进。可以加入元件或者省去元件，而不背离本发明。因此应该理解的是本发明需要用权利要求书的范围衡量，可以以已经在说明书中描述的方式的替换方式实施。

Claims (48)

1.一种用于加热或者取暖的层压件，包括：
(a)织物，纸或者薄膜的第一和第二外层；
(b)至少一个与该织物或者薄膜的第一和第二外层共同延伸的至少一个加热元件；和
(c)用于在两个外层之间粘结该加热元件的粘合成分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，该层压件包括至少两个大致平行或者一起延伸的加热元件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，至少一个加热元件通过至少一个设置在该层压件中的通路被暴露。
4.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，该至少一个加热元件是电阻加热元件，该加热元件适于连接到电源上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的层压件，其中，该电阻加热元件包括一种传导纱线，该传导纱线包括绝缘材料的芯和围绕所述芯设置的电阻加热元件。
6.根据权利要求5所述的层压件，其中，该传导纱线还包括大致围绕所述电阻加热元件和所述芯的鞘材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的层压件，其中，该鞘材料包括一种围绕该电阻加热元件和芯卷绕的纱线。
8.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，该加热元件被搀杂，扭结，芯纺，或者覆盖有：(i)至少一个其他加热元件；或者(ii)具有伸展和恢复性能的材料。
9.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，该织物，纸或者薄膜外层选自非织造织物，织造织物，针织织物，纸，和聚酯薄膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的层压件，其中，该织物，纸或者薄膜的外层选自非织造织物，织造织物，针织织物，纸和聚合薄膜。
11.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，每个外层具有外表面，该层压件的远端被折叠回到其自身上至少一次，这样折叠的端部被紧固到一个外层的该外表面上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的层压件，其中，该折叠的端部被机械紧固机构紧固，所述机械紧固机构选自：粘结，铆接，快连接，缝合，订书钉连接，焊接和封装。
13.根据权利要求4所述的层压件，其中，该电源包括电池。
14.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，该层压件还包括至少一个与该加热元件一起延伸的伸展和恢复元件。
15.根据权利要求14所述的层压件，其中该伸展和恢复元件包括斯潘德克斯。
16.根据权利要求14所述的层压件，其中，该至少一个加热元件和该至少一个伸展和恢复元件大致平行或者共同延伸。
17.根据权利要求14所述的层压件，其中，该至少一个加热元件是适合于连接到电源上的电阻加热元件。
18.根据权利要求17所述的层压件，其中，所述电阻加热元件包括传导纱线，所述传导纱线包括绝缘材料的芯和围绕所述芯设置的电阻加热元件。
19.根据权利要求18所述的层压件，其中，该传导纱线还包括围绕所述电阻加热元件和芯的鞘材料。
20.根据权利要求19所述的层压件，其中，该鞘材料包括围绕该电阻加热元件和芯卷绕的纱线。
21.根据权利要求14所述的层压件，其中，该织物或者薄膜的外层选自非织造织物，织造织物，针织织物，纸和聚酯薄膜。
22.根据权利要求14所述的层压件，其中，每个外层具有外表面，该层压件的远端折叠回到其自身上至少一次，这样的折叠端部被紧固到一个外层的外表面上。
23.根据权利要求22所述的层压件，其中，该折叠端部被选自粘结，铆接，快连接，缝合，卡接，焊接和装箱的机械紧固机构紧固。
24.根据权利要求17所述的层压件，其中，该电源包括电池。
25.根据权利要求1所述的层压件，其中，一个或者多个通路通过至少一个外层被暴露。
26.根据权利要求14所述的层压件，其中，一个或者多个通路通过至少一个外层被暴露。
27.一种用于制备用于取暖或者加热的层压件的方法，包括：
提供一段具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第一件；
将与所述不可伸展的材料一起延伸的至少一段加热元件延伸和固定，并且
将该加热元件的伸展的段固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致一部分固定长度上；
提供具有第一表面和第二表面的不可伸展的材料的第二件，将所述不可伸展的材料的第二件固定到加热元件上或者固定到与所述加热元件共同延伸的所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致一部分长度上，以便形成该层压件。
28.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，加热元件的所述至少两段被伸展和固定成大致平行和共同延伸。
29.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，还包括在该层压件中设置至少一个通路，该至少一个加热元件通过所述通路被暴露。
30.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，该至少一个加热元件是电阻加热元件，该加热元件适于连接到电源上。
31.根据权利要求30所述的层压件，其中，该电阻加热元件包括一种传导纱线，该传导纱线包括绝缘材料的芯和围绕所述芯设置的电阻加热元件。
32.根据权利要求31所述的层压件，其中，该传导纱线还包括大致围绕所述电阻加热元件和所述芯的鞘材料。
33.根据权利要求32所述的层压件，其中，该鞘材料包括一种围绕该电阻加热元件和芯卷绕的纱线。
34.根据权利要求30所述的方法，其中，还包括下述步骤：将该电阻加热元件连接到电池形式的电源上。
35.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，该不可伸展的材料是织物或者薄膜，选自非织造织物，织造织物，针织织物，纸，和聚酯薄膜。
36.根据权利要求27所述的方法，其中，还包括下述步骤：(i)将该层压件的远端折叠返回到其自身上至少一次；和(ii)将这样折叠的端部坚固到一个外层的外表面上。
37.根据权利要求36所述的方法，其中，所述紧固是通过选自粘结，铆接，快连接，缝合，卡接，焊接和装箱的机械紧固机构进行的。
38.根据权利要求27所述的方法，还包括：将至少一段伸展和恢复元件延伸和固定到其未变形的可恢复伸展极限的至少50％上，并且
将这样伸展的具有加热元件的伸展和恢复元件固定到所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的一部分固定长度上。
提供并且紧固不可伸展的材料的第二件到与所述伸展和恢复元件一起伸展的长度的所述不可伸展的材料的第一件的第一表面的大致一部分上；和
放松所述伸展和恢复元件的被伸长的长度，允许该复合织物褶皱。
39.根据权利要求38所述的方法，其中，该伸展和恢复元件包括斯潘德克斯。
40.根据权利要求38所述的方法，其中，至少一个加热元件和该至少一个伸展和恢复元件在被伸展和固定时大致平行或者一起伸展。
41.根据权利要求38所述的方法，其中，该至少一个加热元件是电阻加热元件，其适于与电源相连。
42.根据权利要求41所述的方法，其中，还包括下述步骤：将该电阻加热元件连接到电池形式的电源上。
43.根据权利要求38所述的方法，其中，还包括下述步骤：(i)将该层压件的远端折叠返回到其自身上至少一次；和(ii)将这样折叠的端部坚固到一个外层的外表面上。
44.根据权利要求43所述的方法，其中，所述紧固是通过选自粘结，铆接，快连接，缝合，卡接，焊接和装箱的机械紧固机构进行的。
45.一种服装或者可穿着物，其结合有根据权利要求1所述的层压件。
46.一种毯子或者加热垫，其结合有根据权利要求1所述的层压件。
47.一种服装或者可穿着物，其结合有根据权利要求14所述的层压件。
48.一种毯子或者加热垫，其结合有根据权利要求14所述的层压件。
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