CN1973800B - 用来连接病床两段的铰接装置 - Google Patents

用来连接病床两段的铰接装置 Download PDF

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CN1973800B
CN1973800B CN2006101446833A CN200610144683A CN1973800B CN 1973800 B CN1973800 B CN 1973800B CN 2006101446833 A CN2006101446833 A CN 2006101446833A CN 200610144683 A CN200610144683 A CN 200610144683A CN 1973800 B CN1973800 B CN 1973800B
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B·卡岑施泰因
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    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
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    • A61G13/12—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces
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    • A61G13/12—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces
    • A61G13/1205—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces for specific parts of the body
    • A61G13/122—Upper body, e.g. chest
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    • A61G13/00—Operating tables; Auxiliary appliances therefor
    • A61G13/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G13/12—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces
    • A61G13/1205—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces for specific parts of the body
    • A61G13/1245—Knees, upper or lower legs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G13/00—Operating tables; Auxiliary appliances therefor
    • A61G13/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G13/12—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces
    • A61G13/128—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces with mechanical surface adaptations
    • A61G13/1295—Rests specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of patient-supporting surfaces with mechanical surface adaptations having alignment devices for the patient's body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61G2200/00—Information related to the kind of patient or his position
    • A61G2200/30—Specific positions of the patient
    • A61G2200/38—Specific positions of the patient kneeling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32254—Lockable at fixed position
    • Y10T403/32262—At selected angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32254—Lockable at fixed position
    • Y10T403/32262—At selected angle
    • Y10T403/32319—At selected angle including pivot stud
    • Y10T403/32368—At selected angle including pivot stud including radial interengaging tongue and slot or serrations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32254—Lockable at fixed position
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/59—Manually releaseable latch type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/59—Manually releaseable latch type
    • Y10T403/591—Manually releaseable latch type having operating mechanism
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Abstract

介绍一种用来铰链连接病床面两个段的、带有两个铰接件(36，38)的铰接装置，铰接件分别与其中一个段刚性连接，并可借助于一销轴(46)绕一共同的铰链轴线(64)相互旋转，其中铰接件(36，38)分别在至少一个其轴向相互面对面的表面上带一用于相互贴合的锁止面(60)，并可借助于一夹紧机构(46，54，50)轴向相互夹紧，其中锁止面(60)分别至少近似地位于一包含铰链轴线(64)的平面内。

Description

用来连接病床两段的铰接装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用来铰链连接病床面两个段的铰接装置，它具有两个铰链件，它们分别与其中一段刚性连接，并可借助于一销轴绕一共同的铰接轴线相互回转，其中铰接件分别在至少一个其轴向相互面对面的表面上带有用于相互贴合的锁止面，并可借助于一夹紧机构轴向相互夹紧。
背景技术
例如由DE 10253906A1已知一种上述类型的铰接装置。在那里所述的铰接装置中，铰接件相互面对面的表面具有对称齿形轮廓的齿。通常这种铰接装置保证可靠地固定在段的所调整的相互相对位置上，如果夹紧机构起作用的话。在已知实施形式中夹紧机构包括一偏心杆，它可回转地支承在销轴上，并在偏心杆换位时起杆柱的作用，通过它两个铰接件以其齿廓相互张紧。通过倾斜的齿面至少在床面段受力时形成扩张力，它们试图将铰接件相互挤开。如果夹紧机构没有可靠地拉紧或由于疏忽将例如偏心杆调整到开启位置，那么便存在这样的危险，即受力的床面段急速地向下翻转。如果病人的整个重量都作用在有关床面段上，那么这种危险特别大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，提供一种开头所述的铰接装置，它承载能力大，功能可靠。
按照本发明这个目的通过这样的方法实现，即锁止面分别至少近似地位于一包含铰接轴的平面内。
在本发明的铰接装置中锁止面垂直于其平面受力，因此在受力时不出现试图将铰接件相互压离的扩张力。即使在有关床面段卸荷之前，夹紧机构因此没有完全拉紧或者错误地打开，那么锁止面仍保持相互啮合不变，从而避免有负荷的床面段突然向下翻倒。优选铰接件在其相互面对面的表面上具有锯齿形齿廓的齿轮，使得床面段可以以小的步距绕销轴的轴线调整。
为了使通过本发明的铰接装置相互连接的床面段也可以用简单的方法相互脱开，合适的是，铰接件之一按公知的方法设计成叉形，它可以径向套在与另一铰接件连接的销轴上。在这种情况下为了提高可靠性，销轴具有一从它上面径向伸出的保险元件，其尺寸这样选择，使它在叉形件套在销轴上后封闭留出的叉口，亦即至少近似地填满。通过封闭叉口防止操作者在将叉形件套在销轴上后把手指伸入叉口内，而在和叉形件连接的床面段回转时将一个或几个手指挤在叉杆和另一个床面段的固定部分之间。
保险元件最好可自由旋转地支承在销轴上，使它与销轴的位置无关地始终设定在叉口的相应位置上。
作为附加的保险措施在本发明的铰接装置中可以在铰接件之一上设置一可脱开的锁紧元件，它在两个铰接件的至少一个规定的回转位置与另一个铰接件嵌合，以防止铰接件至少在通过锁止面制动的运动方向的相对运动。这例如对于床面段的调整是有利的，这时床面段之一近似于垂直向下悬挂，而通过本发明的铰接装置连接的床面段近似于水平布置，使得病人可以跪在后一个床面段上。因为这时他几乎以其全部重量放在水平床面段上，必须确保，这个床面段不突然向下翻倒，而且即使无意地打开夹紧机构，也不突然向下翻倒。
代替上述带一拉紧柱杆和一偏心杆的夹紧机构也可以包括一与销轴螺纹啮合的螺纹手柄，其中通过将螺纹手柄拧在销轴上使两个铰接件相互张紧。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征和优点由以下说明得到，它结合附图借助于一个实施例说明本发明。附图表示：
图1一手术台在床面段的一个特殊位置的示意侧视图，以说明作为本发明基础的问题，
图2两个通过本发明的铰接装置相互连接的床面段的透视图，
图3相互连接的床面段的铰接件的局部放大图，
图4在图3中所示的叉形铰接件沿箭头A方向的视图，
图5在图2中所示的床面段在一相互旋转90°的位置的透视图，
图6铰接装置在图5中所示床面段的相互相对位置上的局部放大图，
图7铰接装置在包围销轴的铰接件套上时近似相应于图3中视图的部分画出的示意图，
图8铰接装置在图5和6中所示的铰接件的相互相对位置时同样部分画出的视图，
图9铰接装置的包含轴线的剖面。
具体实施方式
图1示出一非常简化地表示的、带一台柱10的手术台，在其台柱的柱顶12上安装床面14，它由多个段16，18、20，22和24组成，它们通过铰链26，28、30，32相互连接，并可以相互调整。床面区域段22和24这样调整，使得段22几乎垂直向下指向，并在其下端上支承水平指向的段24。病人34以所谓的直肠支承(Rektallagerung)跪在段24上。显然病人的重量几乎完全作用在床面段24上。特别是在这种情况下必须确保，铰链32可以这样地固定在这个位置上，使床面段24既不缓慢地也不突然完全向下翻转，即使锁紧铰接装置的夹紧机构在床面段24负荷消失之前不正确锁紧或完全打开的话。
现在应该借助于图2至8详细说明实现这个目的的铰接装置。
图2表示两个用作上肢垫和下肢垫的床面段22和24，它们通过本发明的铰接装置32相互连接。铰接装置32包括一配设于床面段22的铰接件36和一配设于床面段24的铰接件38(图3)。铰接件36构成在床面段22一横梁42的两个相互平行的尾段39、40上，在它们之间形成一空隙44，床面段24上的做成叉形的铰接件38可插入此空隙内，一可在尾段39和40内自由旋转的销轴46穿过所述两个尾段39、40。此销轴做成柱杆并在其一端上带一法兰48，通过该法兰使锁轴贴合在一圆柱形销轴承座垫(Druckstück)49上。轴承座垫49可轴向移动地支承在尾段40上的一个孔内，并通过一近似于径向伸出的凸台51固定，防止它相对于尾段40旋转，凸台51嵌入到尾段40上一互补的缺口内(图6)。销轴46在其另一端带一偏心杆50，它绕轴52铰接在销轴46上，并作用在轴承座垫54上，它可轴向移动地支承在销轴46上，并在横梁42尾段39上的一个孔内支承在横梁上。通过将偏心杆50回转到在图3中所示的位置插入两个尾段39和40之间的叉形铰接件38可以夹紧在横梁42尾段40的内侧和轴承座垫49之间。这种偏心夹紧机构是众所周知的。
在轴承座垫49内表面上形成一齿圈56，它具有锯齿形齿廓。叉形铰接件38在其朝向轴承座垫49的表面上带一具有互补的锯齿形齿廓的齿圈58。锯齿形齿廓56和58陡的短齿面60、62分别位于至少近似地包含铰接装置32轴线64的平面内，亦即铰接装置32的直径平面内。如果两个铰接件36和38通过夹紧机构46、50、54相互夹紧，这时锯齿形齿廓56和58便相互啮合，因此齿面60和62相互贴合。如果现在例如床面段24以在图1中所示的方式受力，那么这个力便沿圆周方向作用在起防止旋转运动的锁止面作用的齿面60，62上。因此即使在大的负荷时也决不会形成具有使齿圈56，58从而还有铰接件36，38相互挤开的轴向分力的扩张力。即使在床面段24受力时偏心杆回转到其松开位置，两个铰接件38和36通常不自发地相互轴向移开，因此即使在这种误操作的情况下床面段24仍然保持其相对于床面段22的位置。
为了提高功能和操作可靠性在销轴上可自由旋转地支承一径向凸台66(图8)。该凸台66的尺寸这样选择，使它以叉形铰接件38两条不等长的叉臂68和70的较长的臂68终止，如图8所示。同时凸台66在叉形铰接件38套到销轴46上去以后完全填满留出的叉口。在叉形铰接件38套上销轴46时凸台66这样地自动调整，使它相对于叉臂68占有在图8中所示的位置。凸台66防止任何一个零件嵌入叉口内，并可以阻止床面段22、24相互相对移动，还防止操作人员在叉口内可能挤伤手指。
此外在床面段22的支承铰接件36的横梁42上可绕一轴74回转地支承一锁紧按钮72，它以一锁紧凸肩76贴合在较短的叉臂70上并且支承在凸台66上，如果床面段24和床面段22至少近似地形成一个直角的话。锁紧按钮72通过锁紧凸肩76防止床面段22和24由在图8中所示的直角位置可回转到伸直的位置，即使偏心杆50回转到其开启位置和齿廓56、58可以脱离啮合。只有当锁紧按钮72这样回转，使得锁紧凸肩76释放凸台66时，床面段24才能沿图8中的逆时针方向回转，这时凸台66和叉臂68在锁紧凸肩76下方滑动。由此保证防止床面段22，24相互无意地相对回转的更高可靠性。为了便于床面段相互之间的调整，并使操作更方便，在铰接件之间可以设置弹簧元件，它使铰接件相互压紧，一旦夹紧机构被松开和床面段不受力的话。

Claims (7)

1.一种用来铰链连接病床面(14)两个段(22，24)的铰接装置，具有两个铰接件(36，38)，其中每一个分别与其中一个段(22，24)刚性连接，并各铰接件可借助于一销轴(46)绕一共同的铰链轴线(64)相对回转，其中铰接件(36，38)分别在至少一个其轴向相互面对面的面上带有用于相互贴合的锁止面(60，62)，并所述铰接件(36、38)可借助于一夹紧机构(46，48，54，50)相互轴向夹紧，锁止面(60，62)分别至少近似地位于包含铰链轴线(64)的平面内，其特征为：铰接件之一设计成叉形件，该叉形件可以径向套在与另一铰接件连接的销轴(46)上，并且销轴(46)带有一径向伸出于该销轴的保险元件(66)，其尺寸这样选择，使它在叉形件套在销轴(46)上后封闭留下的叉口。
2.按权利要求1的铰接装置，其特征为：铰接件(36，38)在其相互面对面的表面上带有一具有锯齿形齿廓的齿部(56，58)。
3.按权利要求1或2的铰接装置，其特征为：保险元件(66)可自由旋转地支承在销轴(46)上。
4.按权利要求1或2的铰接装置，其特征为：在铰接件之一上设置一可脱开的锁紧元件(72，76)，该锁紧元件在两个铰接件(36，38)的至少一个可预定的回转位置分别与另一个铰接件作用嵌合，以便至少在通过锁止面(60，62)锁止的运动方向上防止铰接件(36，38)的相对运动。
5.按权利要求1或2的铰接装置，其特征为：销轴(46)设计成夹紧机构的柱杆，该柱杆在其一个轴向末端上与一支承在铰接件之一上的止挡(48)连接。
6.按权利要求5的铰接装置，其特征为：夹紧机构包括一铰接在销轴(46)上的偏心杆(50)。
7.按权利要求5的铰接装置，其特征为：夹紧机构包括一与销轴(46)螺纹啮合的螺纹手柄。
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