CN1960719B - 棉酚共结晶及其应用 - Google Patents
棉酚共结晶及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1960719B CN1960719B CN200580012648XA CN200580012648A CN1960719B CN 1960719 B CN1960719 B CN 1960719B CN 200580012648X A CN200580012648X A CN 200580012648XA CN 200580012648 A CN200580012648 A CN 200580012648A CN 1960719 B CN1960719 B CN 1960719B
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含用作Bc1-2族蛋白抑制剂的(-)-棉酚与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶的组合物。本发明还涉及(-)-棉酚与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶在诱导细胞中细胞凋亡和使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导敏感中的应用。
Description
发明背景
发明领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域。本发明特别涉及包含用作Bcl-2族蛋白抑制剂的(-)-棉酚与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶的组合物。本发明还涉及(-)-棉酚与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶在诱导细胞中细胞凋亡和使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导敏感中的应用。
相关技术
侵害性的癌细胞表型为导致胞内信号传导途径失调的各种遗传和外遗传改变的结果(Ponder,Nature411:336(2001))。然而,所有癌细胞的共同特性是其衰竭以执行细胞凋亡程序,而因正常细胞凋亡机制中的缺陷导致缺乏适当的细胞凋亡程序是癌症的标志(Lowe等,Carcinogenesis21:485(2000))。目前癌症疗法中的大部分,包括化疗剂、放射和免疫疗法均通过间接诱导癌细胞中的细胞凋亡起作用。于是因正常细胞凋亡机制中的缺陷而导致癌细胞不能执行细胞凋亡程序通常与对化疗、放射或免疫疗法诱导的细胞凋亡产生的抗性增加有关。因细胞凋亡缺陷而导致的不同来源的人癌对目前的治疗方案产生原发性或获得性抗性是目前癌症疗法中的主要问题(Lowe等,Carcinogenesis21:485(2000);Nicholson,Nature407:810(2000))。因此,目前和未来为改善癌症患者存活和生活质量而针对设计和研发新的分子靶-特异性抗癌疗法的努力必须包括特异性靶向癌细胞对细胞凋亡产生抗性的策略。在这方面,靶向在直接抑制癌细胞中细胞凋亡中起重要作用的关键负调节物代表了用于新的抗癌药物设计的非常富有希望的治疗策略。
已经鉴定了两类细胞凋亡的重要负调节物。第一类调节物为细胞凋亡蛋白抑制剂(IAPs)(Deveraux等,Genes Dev.13:239(1999);Salvesen等,Nat.Rev.Mol.Cell.Biol.3:401(2002))。IAP蛋白有效抑制各种细胞凋亡刺激物,包括化疗剂、放射和免疫疗法在癌细胞中诱导的细胞凋亡。
第二类细胞凋亡的重要负调节物为Bcl-2族蛋白(Adams等,Science281:1322(1998);Reed,Adv.Pharmacol.41:501(1997);Reed等,J.Cell.Biochem.60:23(1996))。Bcl-2为该族中的基本成员并且首先作为癌基因产物分离。Bcl-2族目前包括:抗-细胞凋亡分子,诸如Bcl-2和Bcl-XL;以及促细胞凋亡分子,诸如Bax、Bak、Bid和Bad。Bcl-2和Bcl-XL在许多类型的人癌(例如乳腺、前列腺、结肠直肠、肺等)中得到超表达,包括因导致Bcl-2超表达的染色体易位(t14,18)引起的非何杰金淋巴瘤。这提示许多癌细胞类型依赖于Bcl-2和/或Bcl-XL水平升高以幸免于其它细胞紊乱,其同时定义这些细胞为癌症或前-癌症细胞并且使它们尝试完成细胞凋亡途径。此外,已经将Bcl-2族蛋白表达增加视为是对以不同途径在肿瘤细胞中诱导细胞死亡的癌症治疗药物和放射产生抗性的基础。
认为Bcl-2和Bcl-XL在肿瘤细胞迁移和侵入和由此的转移中起作用。Amberger等,Cancer Res.58:149(1998);Wick等,REBS Lett,440:419(1998);Mohanam等,Cancer Res.53:4143(1993);Pedersen等,Cancer Res.,53:5158(1993)。Bcl-2族蛋白看起来为肿瘤细胞提供在新的和非允许环境(例如转移部位)中存活的机制,并且有助于临床转移癌扩散的器官特异性模式。Rubio,Lab Invest.81:725(2001);Femandez等,CellDeath Differ.7:350(2000))。还认为抗细胞凋亡蛋白,诸如Bcl-2和/或Bcl-XL例如通过调节细胞表面整联蛋白调节细胞-细胞相互作用。Reed,Nature 387:773(1997);Frisch等,Curr.Opin.Cell Biol. 9:701(1997);Del Bufalo等,FASEB J.11:947(1997)。
已经广泛综述了用于靶向癌症中的Bcl-2和Bcl-XL以恢复癌细胞的敏感性并且克服癌细胞对细胞凋亡的抗性的治疗策略(Adams等,Science281:1322(1998);Reed,Adv.Pharmacol. 41:501(1997);Reed等,J.Cell. Biochem. 60:23(1996))。目前,Bcl-2反义疗法处于治疗实体瘤和非实体瘤的几个III期临床试验阶段。
棉酚为天然存在的来源于粗棉籽油(草棉属)的双重双酚化合物。棉酚作为男性避孕剂的人体试验已经证实了长期给予这些化合物的安全性(Wu,Drugs38:333(1989))。近来已经证实棉酚具有抗增殖作用(Flack等,J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 76:1019(1993);Bushunow等,J. Neuro-Oncol.43:79,(1999);Van Poznak等,Breast CancerRes.Treat.66:239(2001))。近来已经证实(-)-棉酚及其衍生物为Bcl-2和Bcl-XL的有效抑制剂并且具有强抗-癌活性(美国专利申请US2003/0008924)。
本领域中已知包含外消旋棉酚和乙酸的组合物(Sigma-AldrichCorp.,St. Loui s,MO)。以前使(-)-棉酚结晶的尝试已经产生了X射线分析极差的结晶(Gdaniec等,″棉酚″-ComprehensiveSupramolecular Chemistry(Atwood等eds.),Vol.6,Pergamon)或当使用外消旋棉酚乙酸在丙酮中的溶液时,产生了(-)-棉酚与丙酮的共结晶(Dowd等,J.Am. Oil Chem.Soc. 76:1343(1999))。
发明概述
本发明涉及包含(-)-棉酚(通式I)与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶(″(-)-棉酚共结晶″)的组合物。这些组合物用于抑制抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白活性,诱导细胞中的细胞凋亡,并且增加细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物的敏感性。
(插入结构式)
I
通常公认的是癌细胞或其支持细胞不能发生细胞凋亡响应遗传损伤或接触细胞凋亡诱导物(诸如抗癌药和放射)是癌症发作和发展的主要因素。认为诱导癌细胞或其支持细胞(例如肿瘤脉管系统中的新血管细胞)中的细胞凋亡实际上是市售的所有有效癌症治疗药或放疗或当今实践的普遍作用机制。细胞不能发生细胞凋亡的一个原因在于抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白表达增加和蓄积。
本发明预期,患有癌症的动物接触抑制抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白功能的治疗有效量的(-)-棉酚共结晶可以彻底杀灭癌细胞或支持细胞(其持续存活依赖于Bcl-2族蛋白的过度活性的那些细胞)和/或使得这类作为群体的细胞对诱导细胞死亡活性的癌症治疗药物或放疗更为敏感。本发明预期,当将诱导依赖于抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白功能的癌细胞中的细胞凋亡作为单一疗法给予时,或当以与诱导细胞死亡的其它癌症治疗药物或放疗时间相关给予以使更大比例的癌细胞或支持细胞比仅用癌症治疗药或单独的放疗治疗的动物中相应比例的细胞易于执行细胞凋亡程序时,(-)-棉酚共结晶将满足对治疗多种癌症类型尚未满足的需求。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,预计使用治疗有效量的本发明组合物和一系列(a course of)抗癌药或放射的联合疗法与单独使用上述组合物或抗癌药/放射治疗相比可以在这类动物中产生更大的肿瘤反应和临床有益性。作为另一种方式,因为所述的组合物可降低表达抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的所有细胞的细胞凋亡阈值,所以成功执行细胞凋亡程序响应诱导细胞凋亡的抗癌药/放射的活性的细胞比例增加。或者,预计本发明的组合物能够以较低且由此以低毒性和更为可耐受的剂量的抗癌药和/或放射给药,从而产生与单独抗癌药和/或放射的常规剂量相同的肿瘤反应/临床有益性。由于已知所有经批准的抗癌药和放疗的剂量,所以本发明关注与使用已知药物/治疗和本发明组合物的各种组合的联合疗法。此外,由于本发明的组合物至少部分通过抑制抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白起作用,所以将癌细胞和支持细胞接触治疗有效量的所述组合物可以是时间上关联的以与细胞执行细胞凋亡程序响应抗癌药或放疗的尝试相符。因此,在某些实施方案中,与某些时间关联有关给予本发明的组合物可以提供尤其有效的治疗实践。
(-)-棉酚共结晶可用于治疗、改善或预防响应诱导细胞凋亡的疾病,例如特征在于细胞凋亡失调的疾病,包括过度增殖性疾病,诸如癌症。在某些实施方案中,(-)-棉酚共结晶可以用于治疗、改善或预防特征在于对癌症疗法产生抗性(例如为化学抗性、放射抗性、激素抗性等)的癌症。在额外的实施方案中,(-)-棉酚共结晶可以用于治疗、改善或预防转移癌。在其它实施方案中,(-)-棉酚共结晶可以用于治疗特征在于抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白超表达的过度增殖性疾病。
本发明提供了治疗动物病毒、微生物或寄生虫感染的方法,包括给予所述的动物治疗有效量的(-)-棉酚共结晶。
本发明提供了包含(-)-棉酚共结晶和药物上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
本发明进一步提供了制备药物组合物的方法,包括将(-)-棉酚共结晶以诱导细胞中细胞凋亡或使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感的治疗有效量与药物上可接受的载体混合。
本发明进一步提供了药盒,包括(-)-棉酚共结晶和用于给予动物所述组合物的说明书。所述的药盒可以可选地含有其它治疗剂,例如抗癌药。
本发明还提供了制备(-)-棉酚共结晶的方法。例如,可以通过一种方法制备共结晶,该方法包括将(-)-棉酚溶于丙酮形成溶液,过滤该溶液,在混合的同时将C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸加入到溶液中,直到该溶液变浑浊,将该浑浊溶液置于室温下,然后置于降低的温度下以便形成共结晶,收集该共结晶,用溶剂洗涤该共结晶,并且干燥该共结晶。
附图/图简述
附图1表示(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶的1H NMR光谱。
附图2表示(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶的13C NMR光谱。
附图3表示(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶的红外光谱。
附图4表示(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶的质谱。
附图5表示(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶的X射线粉末衍射光谱。
发明详述
本发明涉及包括(-)-棉酚与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶(″(-)-棉酚共结晶″)的用作抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白抑制剂的组合物。通过抑制抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白,(-)-棉酚使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感,并且在某些情况中,其自身诱导细胞凋亡。因此,本发明涉及使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感的方法并且涉及诱导细胞中细胞凋亡的方法,包括单独或与细胞凋亡诱导物组合给予(-)-棉酚共结晶。本发明进一步涉及治疗、改善或预防动物疾病的方法,所述的疾病响应诱导细胞凋亡,该方法包括给予所述的动物(-)-棉酚共结晶和细胞凋亡诱导物。这类疾病包括那些特征在于细胞凋亡失调的疾病和那些特征在于抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白超表达的疾病。
本文所用的术语″(-)-棉酚″或″(-)-棉酚化合物/组合物″指的是棉酚的旋光组合物,其中如用旋光仪测定的,含有所述组成的活性分子逆时针方向旋转平面偏振光(例如左旋分子)。优选(-)-棉酚化合物具有1%-100%的对映体过量。在一个实施方案中,(-)-棉酚化合物具有至少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%、99%或100%(-)-棉酚的对映体过量。在″(-)-棉酚化合物″的一个实例中,该化合物的比旋光([α]D)约为-350°至约-390°,约-375°至约-390°,或约-385°至约-390 °。(例如,参见Dowd,Chirality,15:486(2003);Ciesielska等,Chem. Phys. Lett.353:69(2992);Freedman等,Chirality,15:196(2003);和Zhou等,Kexue Tongbao,28:1574(1983))。将外消旋棉酚化合物拆分成基本上纯化的(+)-或(-)-棉酚的方法是已知的(例如,参见Zhou等,Kexue Tongbao,28:1574(1983)(其中:将L-苯丙氨酸甲酯与棉酚的醛基混合而形成具有两种非对映异构体的希夫碱,然后将两种非对映异构体在标准二氧化硅快速色谱柱上拆分。浓缩滤液,并且通过硅胶色谱法纯化残余物,使用己烷∶EtOAc=3∶1洗脱而得到两种级分。对两种级分在5N HCl∶THF(1∶5,室温,过夜)中进行酸水解而分别再生了各个棉酚对映体。第一种具有较高Rf值的级分含有(-)-棉酚,而第二种具有较低Rf值的级分含有(+)-棉酚。在从反应混合物中除去THF后,将粗的棉酚级分从残余物中提取入乙醚。然后通过硅胶色谱法纯化棉酚级分并且用己烷∶EtOAc(3∶1比例)洗脱,得到光学纯的棉酚,两步中的产率为30-40%。这些产物的旋光色散值为:对于(-)-棉酚,αD=-352°(c=0.65,CDCl3);和αD=+341°(c=0.53,CDCl3))。
本文所用的术语″C1-8羧酸″指的是直链或支链、芳族或非芳族、饱和或不饱和、取代或未被取代的C1-8羧酸,包括但不限于甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、正-丁酸、叔-丁酸、正-戊酸、2-戊酸、正-己酸、2-己酸、正-庚酸、正-辛酸、丙烯酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、乳酸和苯甲酸。
本文所用的术语″C1-8磺酸″指的是直链或支链、芳族或非芳族、饱和或不饱和、取代或未被取代的C1-8磺酸,包括但不限于甲磺酸、乙磺酸、正-丙磺酸、2-丙磺酸、正-丁磺酸、正-戊磺酸、正-己磺酸、正-庚磺酸、正-辛磺酸和苯磺酸。
本文所用的术语″(-)-棉酚共结晶″指的是包含(-)-棉酚与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶的组合物。
本文所用的术语″Bcl-2族蛋白″指的是:Bcl-2族中的抗-细胞凋亡成员,包括但不限于Bcl-2、Bcl-XL、Mcl-1、Al/BFL-1、BOO-DIVA、Bcl-w、Bcl-6、Bcl-8和Bcl-y;和Bcl-2族中的促-细胞凋亡成员,包括但不限于Bak、Bax、Bad、t Bid、Hrk、Bim、Bmf;以及其它含有受棉酚化合物调节的蛋白的Bcl-2同源结构域3(BH3)。
本文所用的术语″抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的超表达″指的是与表达基础水平的编码抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的mRNAs或具有基础水平的抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的相似的相应非病理细胞相比,编码抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的mRNAs水平升高(例如水平异常)和/或细胞中抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白水平升高。用于检测细胞中编码抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的mRNAs水平或抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白水平的方法包括但不限于使用抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白抗体的蛋白质印迹、免疫组织化学法和核酸扩增或直接RNA检测法。与细胞中抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的绝对水平同样重要的是确定它们超表达抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白,这类细胞中,抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白相对于其它促-细胞凋亡信号传导分子(例如促-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白)的相对水平同样也是如此。当这两种分子达到平衡,使得并非指抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的水平时,促-细胞凋亡信号传导分子可足以使细胞执行细胞凋亡程序并且死亡,所述的细胞依赖于抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白才能存活。在这类细胞中,接触抑制有效量的抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白抑制剂足以使得细胞执行细胞凋亡程序并且死亡。因此,术语″抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的超表达″还指因促-细胞凋亡信号和抗-细胞凋亡信号的相对水平而导致细胞经历细胞凋亡来响应抑制有效量的抑制抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白功能的化合物。
本文所用的术语″抗癌药″和″抗癌药物″指的是用于治疗过度增殖性疾病,诸如癌症(例如哺乳动物中)的任意治疗剂(例如化疗化合物和/或分子治疗化合物)、放疗或外科手术。
本文所用的术语″治疗有效量″指的是足以使得疾病的一种或多种症状得以改善,或预防疾病发展,或使得疾病退化的治疗剂用量。例如,就治疗癌症而言,治疗有效量优选指的是产生如下效果的治疗剂用量:减缓肿瘤生长速率、减小肿瘤块、减少转移病灶的数量、增加至肿瘤进展的时间,或将存活时间增加至少5%,优选至少10%,至少15%,至少20%,至少25%,至少30%,至少35%,至少40%,至少45%,至少50%,至少55%,至少60%,至少65%,至少70%,至少75%,至少80%,至少85%,至少90%,至少95%或至少100%。
本文所用的术语″敏感″和″致敏″指的是通过给予第一种活性剂(例如通式1的化合物)使得动物或动物体内的细胞对第二种活性剂的生物作用更为敏感或更具反应性(例如促进或阻止细胞功能的方面,包括但不限于细胞生长、增殖、侵入、血管发生或细胞凋亡)。可以将第一种活性剂对靶细胞的致敏作用测定为在给予第二种活性剂并给予或不给第一种活性剂时观察到的指定生物作用(例如促进或阻止细胞功能的方面,包括但不限于细胞生长、增殖、侵入、血管发生或细胞凋亡)的差异。致敏细胞的反应相对于没有第一种活性剂存在下的反应可以增加至少10%,至少20%,至少30%,至少40%,至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%,至少90%,至少100%,至少150%,至少200%,至少350%,至少300%,至少350%,至少400%,至少450%或至少500%。
本文所用的术语″细胞凋亡失调″指的是细胞通过细胞凋亡发生细胞死亡的能力上的任何异常(例如遗传缺陷)。细胞凋亡失调与各种病症有关或由其诱导,包括例如自身免疫病(例如系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、移植物抗宿主病、重症肌无力或斯耶格伦综合症)、慢性炎症疾病(例如银屑病、哮喘或克罗恩病)、过度增殖性疾病(例如肿瘤、B细胞淋巴瘤或T细胞淋巴瘤)、病毒感染(例如疱疹、乳头状瘤或HIV)和其它疾病,诸如骨关节炎和动脉粥样硬化。应注意当失调由病毒感染诱导或与之相关时,病毒感染在失调发生或观察到失调时可能检测到,也可能无法检测到。即病毒诱导的失调甚至可能在病毒感染症状消失后发生。
本文所用的术语″过度增殖性疾病″指的是动物体内增殖细胞的局部群体不受通常正常生长限制的任意病症。过度增殖性疾病包括肿瘤、赘生物、淋巴瘤等。如果赘生物不发生侵入或转移,那么认为赘生物为良性的,而如果它出现上述情况之一,那么认为赘生物是恶性的。″转移性″细胞指的是细胞可以侵入和破坏附近的身体结构。超常增生为细胞增殖的形式,包括组织或器官中细胞数量的增加,而结构或功能没有显著改变。组织变形为细胞生长受控的形式,其中一种类型的完全分化的细胞取代了另一种类型的分化的细胞。
活化的淋巴样细胞的病理性生长通常导致自身免疫病或慢性炎症病症。本文所用的术语″自身免疫病″指的是生物体产生识别生物体自身分子、细胞或组织的抗体或免疫细胞的任何疾病。自身免疫病的非限制性实例包括自身免疫性溶血性贫血、自身免疫性肝炎、贝格尔病或IgA肾病、口炎性腹泻、慢性疲劳综合征、克罗恩病、皮肌炎、纤维肌痛、移植物抗宿主病、格雷夫斯病、桥本甲状腺炎、特发性血小板减少性紫癜、扁平苔癣、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、银屑病、风湿热、风湿性关节炎、硬皮病、斯耶格伦综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、1型糖尿病、溃疡性结肠炎、白癜风等。
本文所用的术语″肿瘤性疾病″指的是良性(非-癌性)或恶性(癌性)的细胞的任何异常生长。
本文所用的术语″抗肿瘤药″指的是阻止靶向的(例如恶性)赘生物增殖、生长或扩散的任意化合物。
本文所用的术语″预防(prevent)″、″预防(preventing)″和″预防(prevention)″指的是减少动物体内病理细胞(例如过度增殖性或赘生性细胞)的出现。预防可以是完全的,例如在受试者体内病理细胞总体上不存在。预防还可以是部分的,使得受试者体内出现的病理细胞少于在不使用本发明时出现的病理细胞。
本文所用的术语″协同作用″指的是当共同给予(例如同时或依次)(-)-棉酚共结晶和第二种活性剂时获得大于分别给予(-)-棉酚共结晶和第二种活性剂时的累加作用的作用。这种协同作用使得(-)-棉酚共结晶和/或第二种活性剂的给药剂量较低或提供相同剂量下更大的功效。获得的协同作用可以大于分别给药时(-)-棉酚共结晶化合物和第二种活性剂的累加作用至少10%,至少20%,至少30%,至少40%,至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%,至少90%,至少100%,至少125%,至少150%,至少175%,至少200%,至少250%,至少300%,至少350%,至少400%或至少500%。例如,就治疗癌症而言,协同作用可以是肿瘤生长速率的降低、肿瘤块的减小、转移病灶数量的减少、达到肿瘤发展的时间增加或存活时间增加。共同给予(-)-棉酚共结晶和抗癌药可以使得较低剂量的(-)-棉酚共结晶和/或抗癌药的应用成为可能,从而使得癌症得到有效治疗,同时避免了任何对受试者的实质性毒性。
本文所用的术语″约″包括所引数字的+/-10%。因此,″约0.5″指的是0.4 5-0.55。
本发明抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的抑制剂为包括(-)-棉酚与C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸的共结晶(″(-)-棉酚共结晶″)的组合物。预计(-)-棉酚共结晶比单独的(-)-棉酚更为稳定。本领域技术人员可以理解化合物稳定性在药物组合物制备、贮存、运送和/或操作中的重要性。预计本发明的组合物比前述包括(-)-棉酚的组合物更为稳定。能够使(-)一棉酚保持稳定的任意C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸可以用于本发明。(-)-棉酚共结晶中(-)-棉酚与羧酸或磺酸的摩尔比为约10∶1-约1∶10,优选约2∶1-约1∶2,更优选约1∶1。在某些实施方案中,(-)-棉酚共结晶中(-)-棉酚与羧酸或磺酸的摩尔比可以约为10∶1,9∶1,8∶1,7∶1,6∶1,5∶1,4∶1,3∶1,2∶1,1.5∶1,1∶1,1∶1.5,1∶2,1∶3,1∶4,1∶5,1∶6,1∶7,1∶8,1∶9或1∶10。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,C1-8羧酸为乙酸。在另一个实施方案中,(-)-棉酚共结晶包括约1∶1摩尔比的(-)-棉酚和乙酸。在优选的实施方案中,(-)-棉酚和乙酸1∶1的共结晶为黄色或浅黄色针状结晶。在另一个优选的实施方案中,所述共结晶的特征在于1H NMR光谱在δ2.11(s,3H)处的乙酸的一个甲基信号与在δ2.18(s,6H)处的棉酚的两个甲基信号的整合。
可以使用本领域技术人员公知的和如实施例中所披露的方法制备本发明的组合物。在一个实施方案中,通过下列步骤制备共结晶:将(-)-棉酚溶于丙酮而形成溶液,过滤该溶液,在混合的同时将C1-8羧酸或C1-8磺酸加入到溶液中,直到该溶液变浑浊,将该浑浊溶液置于室温下,然后置于降低的温度下以形成共结晶,收集该共结晶,用溶剂洗涤该共结晶,并且干燥该共结晶。在一个实施方案中,通过恒定搅拌混合该溶液。降低的温度为低于约20℃,优选约0-15℃,更优选约4℃。共结晶形成的时间可以在1小时-1天;优选该时间约为1-4小时。可以通过任意合适的方式,包括过滤收集共结晶。洗涤共结晶的溶剂可以为任意合适的溶剂,例如己烷、戊烷、苯、甲苯或石油醚。可以在室温下、优选在避光容器中干燥洗涤的共结晶。还可以在真空干燥器中、优选在升温(例如约30-60℃,更优选约40℃)下将共结晶干燥约6-72小时,优选约12-48小时。
已经证实(-)-棉酚在BH3结合沟上结合Bcl-2和BCl-XL并且具有显著的抗癌活性(美国专利申请US2003/0008924)。本发明的一个重要方面在于(-)-棉酚共结晶以与棉酚相同的方式结合并且抑制抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2蛋白。然而,预计(-)-棉酚共结晶比(-)-棉酚更为稳定。此外,(-)-棉酚为比外消旋棉酚更为有效的抑制剂。因此,包括(-)-棉酚共结晶的组合物可以用于诱导细胞凋亡并且强化响应细胞凋亡诱导信号的细胞凋亡的诱导。预期这些组合物使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感,包括对这类诱导物产生耐受性的细胞。本发明的组合物可以用于诱导任何可以通过诱导细胞凋亡治疗、改善或预防的疾病中的细胞凋亡。因此,本发明提供了用于靶向特征为超表达抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的动物的组合物和方法。在这些实施方案中的某些中,细胞(例如癌细胞)与非病理样品(例如非-癌细胞)相比表现出一种或多种抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的表达水平升高。在其它实施方案中,细胞通过执行细胞凋亡程序和响应给予抑制有效量的(-)-棉酚共结晶的死亡操作上表现出抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白的表达水平升高,所述的响应至少部分因在这类细胞中依赖于抗-细胞凋亡Bcl-2族蛋白功能才能存活而产生。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的组合物和方法用于治疗动物(例如哺乳动物受试者,包括,但不限于人和兽类动物)患病的细胞、组织、器官或病理情况和/或疾病状态。在这方面,使用本发明的方法和组合物易于治疗或预防各种疾病和病理情况。这些疾病和病症的非限制性典型实例包括但不限于:癌症,诸如乳腺癌、前列腺癌、淋巴瘤、皮肤癌、胰腺癌、结肠癌、黑素瘤、恶性黑素瘤、卵巢癌、脑癌、原发性脑癌、头颈癌、神经胶质瘤、成胶质细胞瘤、肝癌、膀胱癌、非小细胞肺癌、头或颈癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、肺癌、小细胞肺癌、维尔姆斯肿瘤、宫颈癌、睾丸癌、膀胱癌、胰腺癌、胃癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌、泌尿生殖器癌、甲状腺癌、食道癌、骨髓瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、肾上腺癌、肾细胞癌、子宫内膜癌、肾上腺皮质癌、恶性胰腺胰岛素瘤、恶性类癌瘤、绒毛膜癌、蕈样霉菌病、恶性血钙过多、宫颈超常增生、白血病、急性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、急性骨髓性白血病、慢性髓细胞性白血病、慢性粒细胞性白血病、急性粒细胞性白血病、毛细胞性白血病、成神经细胞瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、卡波西肉瘤、真性红细胞增多、特发性血小板增多症、何杰金病、非何杰金淋巴瘤、软组织肉瘤、骨肉瘤、原发性巨球蛋白血症和视网膜成神经细胞瘤等;T和B细胞介导的自身免疫病、炎性疾病、感染、过度增殖性疾病、AIDS、变性疾病、血管疾病等。在某些实施方案中,所治疗的癌细胞为转移性的。在其它实施方案中,所治疗的癌细胞对抗癌药产生耐药性。
在某些实施方案中,适合于用本发明组合物和方法治疗的感染包括但不限于由病毒、细菌、真菌、寄生虫、支原体、阮病毒导致的感染。
本发明的某些实施方案提供了给予有效量的(-)-棉酚共结晶和至少一种额外的治疗剂(包括但不限于化疗剂、抗肿瘤药、抗微生物剂、抗病毒药、抗真菌药和抗炎药)和/或治疗技术(例如外科手术和/或放疗)的方法。在某些实施方案中,(-)-棉酚共结晶与一种或多种治疗剂的组合比单独的每种化合物的给药具有更大的作用。在其它实施方案中,预计(-)-棉酚共结晶与一种或多种治疗剂的组合与单独的每种化合物的给药相比可以产生协同作用(即大于累加作用)。
预期许多合适的抗癌药用于本发明方法。实际上,本发明预期但不限于许多抗癌药的给药,诸如:诱导细胞凋亡的活性剂;多核苷酸(例如反义物、核酶、siRNA);多肽类(例如酶和抗体);生物模拟物(例如棉酚或BH3模拟物);与Bcl-2族蛋白、诸如Bax结合的活性剂(例如寡聚物或复合物);生物碱类;烷化剂;抗肿瘤抗生素;抗代谢物;激素;铂化合物;单克隆或多克隆抗体(例如与抗癌药、毒素、防卫素缀合的抗体)、毒素;放射性核素;生物学反应修饰剂(例如干扰素(例如IFN-α)和白细胞介素(例如IL-2));过继免疫治疗剂;造血生长因子;诱导肿瘤细胞分化的活性剂(例如全反式视黄酸);基因疗法试剂(例如反义疗法试剂和核苷酸);肿瘤疫苗;血管发生抑制剂;蛋白体抑制剂;NF-KB调节剂;抗-CDK化合物;HDAC抑制剂等。适合于与所披露的化合物共同给药的化疗化合物和抗癌疗法的大量其它实例为本领域技术人员所公知。
在优选的实施方案中,抗癌药包括诱导或刺激细胞凋亡的活性剂。诱导细胞凋亡的活性剂包括,但不限于:放射(例如X-射线、γ射线、UV);激酶抑制剂(例如表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)激酶抑制剂、血管生长因子受体(VGFR)激酶抑制剂、成纤维细胞生长因子受体(FGFR)激酶抑制剂、血小板衍生的生长因子受体(PDGFR)激酶抑制剂和Bcr-Abl激酶抑制剂(诸如GLEEVEC));反义分子;抗体(例如HERCEPTIN、RITUXAN、ZEVALIN、BEXXAR和AVASTIN);抗雌激素药(例如雷洛昔芬和他莫昔芬);抗雄激素药(例如氟他胺、比卡鲁胺、非那雄胺、氨鲁米特、酮康唑和皮质类固醇);环加氧酶2(COX-2)抑制剂(例如塞来考昔、美洛昔康、NS-398和非类固醇抗炎药);抗炎药(例如保泰松、DECADRON、DELTASONE、地塞米松、dexamethasone intensol、DEXONE、HEXADROL、羟氯喹、METICORTEN、ORADEXON、ORASONE、羟布宗、PEDIAPRED、保泰松、PLAQUENIL、泼尼松龙、泼尼松、PRELONE和TANDEARIL);和癌症化疗药(例如伊立替康(CAMPTOSAR)、CPT-11、氟达拉滨(FLUDARA)、达卡巴嗪、地塞米松、米托蒽醌、MYLOTARG、VP-16、顺铂、卡铂、奥沙利铂、5-FU、多柔比星、吉西他滨、bortezomib、gefitinib、贝伐单抗、TAXOTERE或TAXOL);细胞信号传导分子;神经酰胺类和细胞因子;十字孢碱等。
在其它实施方案中,本发明的组合物和方法提供了(-)-棉酚共结晶和至少一种抗过度增殖药或抗肿瘤药;例如选自烷化剂、抗代谢物和天然产物(例如草药和其它植物和/或动物来源的化合物)。
适用于本发明组合物和方法的烷化剂包括但不限于:1)氮芥(例如双氯乙基甲胺、环磷酰胺、异环磷酰胺、美法仑(L-沙可来新);和苯丁酸氮芥);2)氮丙啶类和甲基蜜胺类(例如六甲蜜胺和塞替派);3)磺酸烷基酯类(例如白消安);4)亚硝基脲类(例如卡莫司汀(BCNU);环己亚硝脲(CCNU);司莫司汀(甲基-CCNU);和链佐星(链唑霉素));和5)三氮烯类(例如达卡巴嗪(二甲基-三氮烯-咪唑羧酰胺)。
在某些实施方案中,适用于本发明组合物和方法的抗代谢物包括但不限于:1)叶酸类似物(例如甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate) (甲氨蝶呤(amethopterin)));2)嘧啶类似物(例如氟尿嘧啶(5-氟尿嘧啶)、氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(floxuridine) (氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(fluorode-oxyuridine))和阿糖胞苷(cytarabine) (阿糖胞苷(cytosine arabinoside)));和3)嘌呤类似物(例如巯嘌呤(6-巯嘌呤)、硫鸟嘌呤(6-硫鸟嘌呤);和喷司他丁(2′-脱氧考福霉素(coformycin)))。
在其它实施方案中,适用于本发明组合物和方法的化疗药包括但不限于:1)长春花生物碱(例如长春碱、长春新碱);2)表鬼臼毒素(例如依托泊苷和替尼泊苷);3)抗生素(例如更生霉素(放线菌素D)、柔红霉素(道诺霉素;柔红霉素)、多柔比星、博来霉素、普卡霉素(光辉霉素)和丝裂霉素(丝裂霉素C));4)酶(例如L-天冬酰胺酶);5)生物学反应修饰剂(例如干扰素-α);6)铂配位配合物(例如顺铂和卡铂);7)蒽二酮类(例如米托蒽醌);8)取代的脲类(例如羟基脲);9)丙卡巴肼衍生物(例如丙卡巴肼(N-丙卡巴肼));10)肾上腺皮质抑制剂(例如米托坦(o,p′-DDD)和氨鲁米特);11)肾上腺皮质类固醇(例如泼尼松);12)黄体酮(例如己酸羟孕酮、醋酸甲羟孕酮和醋酸甲地孕酮);13)雌激素(例如己烯雌酚和乙炔雌二醇);14)抗雌激素药(例如他莫昔芬);15)雄激素(例如丙酸睾丸酮和氟甲睾酮);16)抗雄激素药(例如氟他胺);和17)促性腺激素释放激素类似物(例如亮丙瑞林)。
常用于癌症疗法环境(context)中的任意溶瘤细胞药应用于本发明的组合物和方法中。例如,美国食品与药品监督管理局保存有批准应用于美国的溶瘤细胞药的处方集(formulary)。U.S.F.D.A.的国际对应机构保存有类似的处方集。表1中提供了批准在美国使用的典型的抗肿瘤药。本领域技术人员可以理解有关全部美国批准的化疗药所需的″产品标签″描述了典型的活性剂的批准的适应症、给药信息、毒性数据等。
表1
阿地白介素(脱-丙氨酰基-1,丝氨酸-125人白细胞介素-2) | Proleukin | Chiron Corp.,Emeryville,CA |
阿仑单抗(IgGlκ抗CD52抗体) | Campath | Millennium和ILEXPartners,LP,Cambridge,MA |
阿利维A酸(9-顺式-视黄酸) | Panretin | LigandPharmaceutica l s.Inc.,San Diego CA |
别嘌呤醇(1,5-二氢-4H-吡唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-4-酮一钠盐) | Zyloprim | GlaxoSmithKline,Research TrianglePark,NC |
六甲蜜胺(N,N,N’,N’,N”,N”,-六甲基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6-三胺) | Hexalen | USBioscience,WestCons hohocken,PA |
氨磷汀(乙硫醇,2-[(3-氨基丙基)氨基]-,二氢磷酸盐(酯)) | Ethyol | US Bioscience |
阿那曲唑(1,3-苯二乙腈,a,a,a’,a’-四甲基-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)) | Arimidex | AstraZenecaPharmaceuticals.LP,Wilmington,DE |
三氧化二砷 | Trisenox | Cell Therapeutic.Inc.,Seattle,WA |
天冬酰胺酶(L-天冬酰胺酰胺水解酶,EC-2型) | Elspar | Merck&Co.,Inc.,WhitehouseStation.NJ |
活BCG(牛分枝杆菌减毒株的冻干制品(卡介苗[BCG],次代株Montreal)) | TICB BCG | Organon Teknika,Corp.,Durham,NC |
贝沙罗汀胶囊(4-[1-(5,6,7,8-四氢-3,5,5,8,8-五甲基-2-萘基)乙烯基]苯甲酸) | Targretin | LigandPharmaceuticals |
贝沙罗汀凝胶 | Targretin | LigandPharmaceuticals |
博来霉素(轮丝链霉菌产生的细胞毒性糖肽抗生素;博来霉素A2和博来霉素B2) | Blenoxane | Bristol-MyersSquibb Co.,NY,NY |
卡培他滨(5’-脱氧-5-氟-N-[(戊氧基)羰基]-胞苷) | Xeloda | Roche |
卡铂(铂,二氨络物(diammine)[1,1-环丁烷二羧酸(2-)-0,0’]-,(SP-4-2)) | Paraplatin | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
卡莫司汀(1,3-双(2-氯乙基)-1-亚硝基脲) | BCNU,BiCNU | Bri stol-MyersSquibb |
卡莫司汀与Polifeprosan20植入物 | Gliadel Wafer | GuilfordPharmaceuticals,Inc.,Baltimore,MD |
塞来考昔(为4-[5-(4-甲基苯基)-3-(三氟甲 | Celebrex | Searle |
基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]苯磺酰胺) | Pharmaceuticals,England | |
苯丁酸氮芥(4-[双(2氯乙基)氨基]苯丁酸 | Leukeran | GlaxoSmithKline |
顺铂(PtCl2H6N2) | Platinol | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
克拉屈滨(2-氯-2’-脱氧-b-D-腺苷) | Leustatin,2-CdA | R.W.JohnsonPharmaceuticalResearchInstitute,Raritan,NJ |
环磷酰胺(2-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基]四氢-2H-13,2-氧杂氮杂磷杂环己烯(oxazaphosphorine)2-氧化物一水合物) | Cytoxan,Neosar | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
阿糖胞苷(1-b-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基胞嘧啶,C9H13N3O5) | Cytosar-U | Pharmacia&Upjohn Company |
阿糖胞苷脂质体 | DepoCyt | SkyePharmaceuticals,Inc.,San Diego,CA |
达卡巴嗪(5-(3,3-二甲基-1-三氮烯并(triazeno))-咪唑-4-甲酰胺(DTIC) | DTIC-Dome | Bayer AG,Leverkusem,Germany |
更生霉素,放线菌素D(微小链霉菌产生的放线菌素,C62H86N12O16) | Costnegen | Merck |
Darbepoetinalfa(重组肽) | Aranesp | Amgen,Inc.,Thousand Oaks,CA |
柔红霉素脂质体((8S-顺式)-8-乙酰基-10-[(3-氨基-2,3,6-三脱氧-á-L-来苏-六吡喃糖基)氧基]-7,8,9,10-四氢-6,8,11-三羟基-1-甲氧基-5,12-萘二酮盐酸盐) | DanuoXome | NexstarPharmaceuticals,Inc.,Boulder,CO |
柔红霉素HCl,柔红霉素((1S,3S)-3-乙酰基-1,2,3,4,6,11-六氢-3,5,12-三羟基-10-甲氧基-6,11-二氧代-1-萘基3-氨基-2,3,6-三脱氧-(α)-L-来苏-六吡喃糖苷盐酸盐) | Cerubidine | Wyeth Ayerst,Madison,NJ |
地尼白介素-毒素连接物(diftitox)(重组肽) | Ontak | Seragen,Inc.,Hopkinton,MA |
右雷佐生((S)-4,4’-(1-甲基-1,2-乙二基)双-2,6-哌嗪二酮) | Zinecard | Pharmacia&Upjohn Company |
多西他赛((2R,3S)-N-羧基-3-苯基异丝氨酸,N-叔丁酯,13-酯与5b-20-环氧-12a,4,7b,10b,13a-六羟基紫杉(tax)-11-烯-9-酮4-乙酸酯2-苯甲酸酯,三水合物) | Taxotere | AventisPharmaceuticals,Inc.,Bridgewater,NJ |
多柔比星HCl((8S,10S)-10-[(3-氨基-2,3,6-三脱 | Adriamycin | Pharmacia& |
氧-a-L-来苏-六吡喃糖基)氧基]-8-乙醇酰-7,8,9,10-四氢-6,8,11-三羟基-甲氧基-5,12-萘二酮盐酸盐) | Rubex | Upjohn Company |
多柔比星 | Adriamycin PFS静脉内注射液 | Pharmacia&Upjohn Company |
多柔比星脂质体 | Doxil | SequusPharmaceuticals,Inc.,Menlopark,CA |
丙酸屈他雄酮(17b-羟基-2a-甲基-5a-雄烷-3-酮丙酸酯) | Dromostanolone | BliLilly&Company,Indianapolis,IN |
丙酸屈他雄酮 | Masterone注射液 | Syntex,Corp.,PaloAlto,CA |
Elliott’s B溶液 | Elliott’s B溶液 | Orphan Medical,Inc |
表柔比星((8S-顺式)-10-[(3-氨基-2,3,6-三脱氧-a-L-阿拉伯-六吡喃糖基)氧基]-7,8,9,10-四氢-6,8,11-三羟基-8-(羟基乙酰基)-1-甲氧基-5,12-萘二酮盐酸盐)) | Ellence | Pharmacia&Upjohn Company |
α红细胞生成素(重组肽) | Epogen | Amgen,Inc. |
雌莫司汀(雌-1,3,5(10)-三烯-3,17-二醇(17(β))-,3-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基甲酸酯]17-(二氢磷酸盐),二钠盐,一水合物,或雌二醇3-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基甲酸酯]17-(二氢磷酸盐),二钠盐,一水合物) | Erncyt | Pharmacia&Upjohn Company |
磷酸依托泊苷(4’-去甲基表鬼臼毒素9-[4,6-0-(R)-亚乙基-(β)-D-吡喃葡糖苷],4’-(二氢磷酸盐)) | Etopophos | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
依托泊苷,VP-16(4’-去甲基表鬼臼毒素9-[4,6-0-(R)-亚乙基-(β)-D-吡喃葡糖苷]) | Vepesid | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
依西美坦(6-亚甲基雄(andros ta)-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮) | Aromasin | Pharmacia&Upjohn Company |
非格司亭(r-metHuG-CSF) | Neupogen | Amgen,Inc. |
氟尿嘧啶脱氧核苷(动脉内)(2’-脱氧-5-氟脲嘧啶) | FUDR | Roche |
氟达拉滨(抗病毒药阿糖腺苷,9-b-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基腺嘌呤(ara-A)的氟化核苷酸类似物) | Fludara | BerlexLaboratories,Inc.,CedarKnolls.NJ |
氟尿嘧啶,5-FU(5-氟-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮) | Adrucil | ICNPharmaceuticals,Inc.,Humacao, |
Puerto Rico | ||
氟维司群(7-α-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-五氟戊基亚磺酰基)壬基]雌-1,3,5-(10)-三烯-3,17-β-二醇) | Fas lodex | IPRPharmaceuticals,Guayama,PuertoRico |
吉西他滨(2’-脱氧-2’,2’-二氟胞苷一盐酸盐(b-异构体)) | Gemzar | Eli Lilly |
吉姆单抗奥佐米星(抗-CD33 hP67.6) | Mylotarg | Wyeth Ayerst |
醋酸戈舍瑞林([D-Ser(But)6,Azgly10]LHRH的乙酸盐;焦-Glu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Ser(But)-Leu-Arg-Pro-Azgly-NH2乙酸酯[C59H84N18O14·(C2H4O2)x) | Zoladex Implant | AstraZenecaPharmaceuticals |
羟基脲 | Hydrea | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
替伊莫单抗(由单克隆抗体Ibritumomab与连接物-螯合物tiuxetan[N-[2-双(羧甲基)氨基]-3-(对异硫氰酸根合苯基)-丙基]-[N-[2-双(羧甲基)氨基]-2-(甲基)-乙基]甘氨酸之间的硫脲共价键形成的免疫缀合物) | Zevalin | Biogen IDEC,Inc.,Cambridge MA |
伊达比星(5,12-萘二酮,9-乙酰基-7-[(3-氨基-2,3,6-三脱氧-(α)-L-来苏-六吡喃糖基)氧基]-7,8,9,10-四氢-6,9,11-三羟基盐酸盐,(7S-顺式)) | Idamycin | Pharmacia &Upjohn Company |
异环磷酰胺(3-(2-氟乙基)-2-[(2-氯乙基)氨基]四氢-2H-1,3,2-氧杂氮杂磷杂环己烯2-氧化物 | IFEX | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
甲磺酸Imatinib(4-[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)甲基]-N-[4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]-苯基]苯甲酰胺甲磺酸盐) | Gleevec | Novartis AG,Basel,Switzerland |
干扰素α-2a(重组肽) | Roferon-A | Hoffmann-LaRoche,Inc.,Nutley,NJ |
干扰素α-2b(重组肽) | Intron A(冻干的重组干扰素β-1b) | Schering AG,Berlin,Germany |
伊立替康HCl((4S)-4,11-二乙基-4-羟基-9-[(4-哌啶子基哌啶子基)羰基氧基]-1H-吡喃并[3’,4’:6,7]吲嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-3,14(4H,12H)二酮盐酸盐三水合物) | Camptosar | Pharmacia &Upjohn Company |
来曲唑(4,4’-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基亚甲基)二苄腈) | Fernara | Novartis |
亚叶酸(L-谷氨酸,N[4[[(2氨基-5-甲酰基-1,4,5,6,7,8六氢4氧代6-喋啶基)甲基]氨基]苯甲酰基],钙盐(1∶1)) | Wel lcovorin.Leucovorin | Immunex,Corp.,Seattle,WA |
左旋咪唑HCl((-)-(S)-2,3,5,6-四氢-6-苯基咪唑并[2,1-b]噻唑一盐酸盐C11H12N2S·HCl) | Ergamisol | Janssen ResearchFoundation,Titusville,NJ |
洛莫司汀(1-(2-氯-乙基)-3-环己基-1-亚硝基脲) | CeeNU | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
Meclorethamine,氮芥(2-氯-N-(2-氯乙基)-N-甲基乙胺盐酸盐) | Mustargen | Merck |
醋酸甲地孕酮17α(乙酰氧基)-6-甲基孕-4,6-二烯-3,20-二酮 | Megace | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
美法仑,L-PAM(4-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基]-L-苯丙氨酸 | Alkeran | GlaxoSmithKline |
巯嘌呤,6-MP(1,7-二氢-6H-嘌呤-6-硫酮一水合物) | Purinethol | GlaxoSmithKline |
美司钠(2-巯基乙烷磺酸钠) | Mesnex | Asta Medica |
甲氨蝶呤(N-[4-[[(2,4-二氨基-6-喋啶基)甲基]甲氨基]苯甲酰基]-L-谷氨酸) | Methotrexate | LederleLaboratories |
甲氧沙林(9-甲氧基-7H-呋喃并[3,2-g][1]-苯并吡喃-7-酮) | Uvadex | Therakos,Inc.,Way Exton,Pa |
丝裂霉素C | Mutamycin | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
丝裂霉素C | Mitozytrex | SuperGen,Inc.,Dublin.CA |
米托坦(1,1-二氯-2-(邻-氯苯基)-2-(对-氯苯基)乙烷) | Lysodren | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
米托蒽醌(1,4-二羟基-5,8-双[[2-[(2-羟乙基)氨基]乙基]氨基]-9,10-蒽二酮二盐酸盐) | Novantrone | ImmunexCorporation |
苯丙酸诺龙 | Durabolin-50 | Organon,Inc.,West Orange,NJ |
若莫单抗 | Verluma | BoehringerIngelheim PharmaKG.Germany |
奥普瑞白介素(IL-11) | Neumega | GeneticsInstitute,Inc.,Alexandr ia,VA |
奥沙利铂(顺式-[(1R,2R)-1,2-环己烷二胺-N,N,][草酸(2-)-0,0’]铂) | Eloxatin | SanofiSynthelabo,Inc.,NY,NY |
紫杉醇(含有(2R,3S)-N-苯甲酰基-3-苯基异丝氨酸的5β,20-环氧-1,2a,4,7β,10β,13a-六羟基紫杉-11-烯-9-酮4,10-二乙酸2-苯甲酸13-酯) | TAXOL | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
氨羟二磷酸二钠(膦酸(3-氨基-1-羟基亚丙基)双-,二钠盐,五水合物,(APD)) | Aredia | Novartis |
培加酶((一甲氧基聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺基)11-17-腺苷脱氨酶) | Adagen(牛甲氧聚乙二醇琥珀酰胺腺苷脱氨酶(PegademaseBovine)) | EnzonPharmaceuticals,Inc.,Bridgewater,NJ |
培门冬酶(一甲氧基聚乙二醇琥珀酰亚胺基L-天冬酰胺酶) | Oncaspar | Enzon |
Pegfilgrastim(重组甲硫氨酰基人G-CSF(非格司亭)和一甲氧基聚乙二醇的共价共轭物) | Neulasta | Amgen,Inc |
喷司他丁 | Nipent | Parke-DavisPharmaceuticals,Co.,Rockville,MD |
哌泊溴烷 | Vercyte | AbbottLaboratories.Abbott Park,IL |
普卡霉素,光辉霉素(褶皱链霉菌产生的抗生素) | Mithracin | Pfizer,Inc.,NY,NY |
卟吩姆钠(Porfimer sodium) | Photofrin | QLTPhototherapeuticsInc.,Vancouver,Canada |
丙卡巴肼(N-异丙基-μ-(2-甲基肼基)-对-甲苯酰胺一盐酸盐) | Matulane | Sigma TauPharmaceuticals,Inc.,Gaithersburg,MD |
米帕林(6-氯-9-(1-甲基-4-二乙基-胺)丁氨基-2-甲氧基吖啶) | Atabrine | Abbott Labs |
拉布立酶(重组肽) | Elitek | Sanofi-Synthelabo,Inc., |
美罗华(重组抗-CD20抗体) | Rituxan | Genentech,Inc.,South SanFrancisco,CA |
沙格司亭(重组肽) | Prokine | Immunex Corp |
链佐星(链佐星2-脱氧-2-[[(甲基亚硝基氨基)羰基]氨基]-a(和b)-D-吡喃葡萄糖和220mg无水柠檬酸) | Zanosar | Pharmacia &Upjohn Company |
滑石粉(Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) | Sclerosol | Bryan,Corp.,Woburn,MA |
他莫昔芬((Z)2-[4-(1,2-二苯基-1-丁烯基)苯氧基]-N,N-二甲基乙胺2-羟基-1,2,3-丙烷三羧酸酯(1∶1)) | No lvadex | AstraZenecaPharmaceuticals |
替莫唑胺(3,4-二氢-3-甲基-4-氧代咪唑并[5,1-d]-as-四嗪-8-甲酰胺) | Temodar | Schering |
替尼泊苷,VM-26(4’-去甲基表鬼臼毒素9-[4,6-0-(R)-2-噻吩甲叉-(β)-D-吡喃葡萄苷]) | Vumon | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
睾内脂(13-羟基-3-氧代-13,17-开环雄-1,4-二烯-17-酸[dgr]-内酯) | Teslac | Bristol-MyersSquibb |
硫鸟嘌呤,6-TG(2-氨基-1,7-二氢-6H-嘌呤-6-硫酮) | Thioguanine | GlaxoSmithKline |
塞替派(氮丙啶,1,1’,1”-硫次膦基(phosphinothioylidyne)三-,或三(1-氮丙啶基)膦硫化物) | Thioplex | ImmunexCorporation |
托泊替康HCl((S)-10-[(二甲氨基)甲基]-4-乙基-4,9-二羟基-1H-吡唑并[3’,4’:6,7]吲嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-3,14-(4H,12H)-二酮一盐酸盐) | Hycamtin | GlaxoSmithKline |
托瑞米芬(2-(对-[(Z)-4-氯-1,2-二苯基-1-丁烯基]-苯氧基)-N,N-二甲基乙胺柠檬酸盐(1∶1)) | Fareston | RobertsPharmaceuticalCorp.,Eatontown,NJ |
托西莫单抗,I 131托西莫单抗(重组鼠免疫治疗单克隆Ig2aλ抗-CD20抗体(I 131为放射性免疫治疗抗体)) | Bexxar | Corixa Corp.,Seattle,WA |
曲妥单抗(Trastuzumab)(重组单克隆IgG1κ抗-HER2抗体) | Herceptin | Genentech,Inc |
维A酸,ATRA(全反式视黄酸) | Vesanoid | Roche |
乌拉莫司汀 | Uracil Mustard胶囊 | Roberts Labs |
戊柔比星,N-三氟乙酰基阿霉素-14-戊酸盐((2S-顺式)-2-[1,2,3,4,6,11-六氢-2,5,12-三羟基-7甲氧基-6,11-二氧代-[[4 2,3,6-三脱氧-3-[(三氟乙酰基)-氨基-α-L-来苏-六吡喃糖基]氧基]-2-萘基]-2-氧代乙基戊酸盐) | Valstar | Anthra→Medeva |
长春碱,长春新碱(C46H56N4O10·H2SO4) | Velban | EliLilly |
长春新碱(C46H56N4O10·H2SO4) | Oncovin | Eli Lilly |
长春瑞滨(3’,4’-双脱氢-4’-脱氧-C’-正长春碱(norvincaleukoblastine)[R-(R*,R*)-2,3-二羟基丁二酸(1∶2)(盐)) | Navelbine | GlaxoSmithKline |
唑来膦酸盐,唑来膦酸((1-羟基-2-咪唑-1-基-膦酰基乙基)膦酸一水合物) | Zometa | Novartis |
用于与本发明化合物给药的优选常用抗癌药包括但不限于阿霉素、5-氟尿嘧啶、依托泊苷、喜树碱、放线菌素D、丝裂霉素C、顺铂、多西他赛、吉西他滨、卡铂、奥沙利铂、bortezomib、gefitinib和贝伐单抗。可以制备这些活性剂并且将其单独、在联用的治疗组合物中、在药盒中使用或与免疫治疗剂联用等。
为了更为详细的描述抗癌药和其它治疗剂,本领域技术人员参考了大量指导性手册,包括但不限于Physician′s Desk Reference和Goodman和Gilman的″Pharmaceuticl Basis of Therapeutics″第9版,Eds.Hardman等,1996。
本发明提供了用于给予(-)-棉酚共结晶与放疗的方法。本发明并不限于用于给动物递送治疗剂量的放射的类型、用量或递送和给药系统。例如,动物可以接受光子放疗、粒子束放疗、放射性同位素疗法(例如与单克隆抗体的放射性缀合物)、其它类型的放疗及其组合。在某些实施方案中,使用线性加速器将放射递送给动物。在其它实施方案中,使用γ刀递送放射。
放射源可以在动物体外或体内。外部放射治疗是最常用的并且涉及使用例如线性加速器将高能辐射束通过皮肤定向于肿瘤部位。尽管射线束可以局限于肿瘤部位,但是它几乎不可能避免正常健康组织的暴露。然而,外部放射通常可以被患者很好耐受。内部射疗法包括将射线发射源,诸如珠、金属线、丸粒、胶囊、颗粒等植入体内的肿瘤部位或接近肿瘤部位,包括使用特异性靶向癌细胞的递送系统(例如使用附着在与癌细胞结合配体上的颗粒)。可以在治疗后将这类植入物取出,或将其以非活性状态保留在体内。内部放射疗法的类型包括但不限于近距离放射疗法、间质照射、腔内照射、放射免疫疗法等。
动物可以任选地接受放射致敏剂(例如双唑泰栓、米索硝唑、动脉内Budr、静脉内碘去氧尿苷(IudR)、硝基咪唑、5-取代的-4-硝基咪唑类、2H-异吲哚二酮类、[[(2-溴乙基)-氨基]甲基]-硝基-1H-咪唑-1-乙醇、硝基苯胺衍生物、DNA-亲和性低氧选择性细胞毒素、卤化DNA配体、1,2,4苯并三嗪氧化物、2-硝基咪唑衍生物、含氟硝基吡咯衍生物、苯甲酰胺、烟酰胺、吖啶-嵌入剂、5-硫代四唑衍生物、3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑、4,5-二硝基咪唑衍生物、羟基化texaphrins、顺铂、丝裂霉素、tiripazamine、亚硝脲、巯嘌呤、氨甲蝶呤、氟尿嘧啶、博来霉素、长春新碱、卡铂、表柔比星、多柔比星、环磷酰胺、长春地辛、依托泊苷、紫杉醇、热(过高热)等)、辐射防护剂(例如巯乙胺、氨基烷基二氢硫代磷酸酯、氨磷汀(WR 2721)、IL-1、IL-6等)。放射致敏剂促进肿瘤细胞的杀伤。辐射防护剂保护健康组织免受放射有害作用。
可以对患者给予任意类型的放射,只要该放射剂量是患者可耐受的并没有不可接受的不良副作用。放疗的合适类型包括:例如电离(电磁)放疗(例如X-射线或γ线)或粒子束放疗(例如高线能量放射)。将电离放射定义为包括具有产生电离,即得电子或失电子的足够能量的粒子或光子的放射(例如,如US5,770,581中所述,将该文献的全部内容引入本文作为参考)。放射的作用至少可以部分受到临床医师控制。针对最大靶细胞暴露并且降低毒性优选分次给予放射剂量。
对动物给予的总放射剂量优选约为.01戈瑞(Gy)-约100Gy。更优选在治疗过程中给予约10Gy-约65Gy(例如约15Gy、20Gy、25Gy、30Gy、35Gy、40Gy、45Gy、50Gy、55Gy或60Gy)。尽管在某些实施方案中,可以在1天的过程中给予完全放射剂量,但是理想的情况是将总剂量分次在几天内给予。理想的情况是,在至少约3天,例如至少5、7、10、14、17、21、25、28、32、35、38、42、46、52或56天(约1-8周)过程中给予放疗。因此,每日放射剂量约为1-5Gy(例如约1Gy、1.5Gy、1.8Gy、2Gy、2.5Gy、2.8Gy、3Gy、3.2Gy、3.5Gy、3.8Gy、4Gy、4.2Gy或4.5Gy),优选1-2Gy(例如1.5-2Gy)。每日放射剂量应足以诱导靶向的细胞破坏。如果延长期限,优选非每天给予放射,由此使动物休息并且实现疗法的效果。例如,理想的是在每周的治疗中,连续5天给予放射并且在2天不给予,由此使每周有2天休息。然而,可以1天/周,2天/周,3天/周,4天/周,5天/周,6天/周或全部7天/周给予放射,这取决于动物的反应性和任何可能的副作用。可以在治疗期中任意时间开始放疗。优选在第1周或第2周中开始放射,并且在剩余的治疗期间给予放射。例如,在包括6周的治疗期的第1-6周或2-6周中给予放射,例如用于治疗实体瘤。或者,在包括5周的治疗期的第1-5周或2-5周中给予放射。不过,本发明并不限于这些可仿效的放疗给药方案。
抗微生物治疗剂也可以用作本发明中的治疗剂。可以使用能够杀伤、抑制微生物,或使微生物减毒的任何活性剂以及预期具有这类活性的任意活性剂。抗微生物剂包括但不限于天然和合成抗生素、抗体、抑制蛋白(例如防卫素)、反义核酸、膜破裂剂等,可以将它们单独使用或联用。实际上,可以使用任意类型的抗生素,包括但不限于抗菌药、抗病毒药、抗真菌药等。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,可以在下列条件中的一种或多种下对动物给予(-)-棉酚共结晶和一种或多种治疗剂或抗癌药:以不同的周期;以不同的期限;以不同的浓度;通过不同的给药途径等。在某些实施方案中,在治疗剂或抗癌药之前,例如在给予治疗剂或抗癌药之前0.5、1、2、3、4、5、10、12或18小时、1、2、3、4、5或6天、1、2、3或4周给予(-)-棉酚共结晶。在某些实施方案中,在治疗剂或抗癌药之后,例如在给予抗癌药之后0.5、1、2、3、4、5、10、12或18小时、1、2、3、4、5或6天、1、2、3或4周给予(-)-棉酚共结晶。在某些实施方案中,同时,但以不同的时间表给予(-)-棉酚共结晶和治疗剂或抗癌药,例如,每日给予(-)-棉酚共结晶,而每周1次、每2周1次、每3周1次或每4周1次给予治疗剂或抗癌药。在其它实施方案中,每周1次给予(-)-棉酚共结晶,而每天、每周1次、每2周1次、每3周1次或每4周1次给予治疗剂或抗癌药。
可以通过将诱导细胞中细胞凋亡或使细胞对细胞凋亡诱导物敏感的治疗有效量的(-)-棉酚共结晶与药物上可接受的载体合并生产药物组合物。本发明的新药物组合物包括完整的(-)-棉酚共结晶。在某些实施方案中,这些药物组合物包括(-)-棉酚共结晶与共结晶在其中基本上不溶的液体(例如水)混合而形成混悬液。
本发明范围内的组合物包括所有的组合物,其中本发明的组合物以有效实现其指定目的的用量被包含。尽管个体需要不同,但是每种成分的有效量的最佳范围的确定属于本领域技术人员能力的范围。一般来说,对于响应诱导细胞凋亡的疾病,可以每天口服给予哺乳动物、例如人0.0025-50mg/kg接受治疗的哺乳动物体重的组合物或等量的其药物上可接受的盐。优选口服给予约0.01-约10mg/kg以便治疗、改善或预防这类疾病。就肌内注射而言,剂量一般约为口服剂量的一半。例如,合适的肌内剂量约为0.0025-约25mg/kg,并且最优选约0.01-约5mg/kg。
单位口服剂量可以包括约0.01-约200mg、优选约0.1-约100mg组合物。可以以各自含有约0.1-约100mg、便利的是0.25-50mg组合物的1片或多片片剂或1粒或多粒胶囊每天1次或多次给予单位剂量。
在局部用制剂中,组合物的存在浓度约为0.01-100mg/g载体。在优选的实施方案中,组合物的存在浓度约为0.07-1.0mg/ml,更优选约0.1-0.5mg/ml,最优选约0.4mg/ml。
除作为原料药(raw chemical)给予(-)-棉酚共结晶外,还可以将本发明的组合物作为含有合适的药物上可接受的载体的药物制剂的组成部分给予,所述的载体包括有利于将组合物加工成可以在药物上使用的制剂的赋形剂和助剂。优选制剂、特别是那些可以通过口服或局部给药并且可以用于优选给药类型的制剂,诸如片剂、锭剂、缓释锭剂和胶囊、口腔清洗剂和漱口剂、凝胶、液体混悬液、润发剂、发胶、香波且还有可以通过直肠给药的制剂,诸如栓剂以及适合于通过注射、局部或口服给药的适宜的溶液含有约0.01-99%、优选约0.25-75%的活性化合物,还含有赋形剂。
可以将本发明的药物组合物给予可能体验本发明化合物有益作用的任意动物。在这类动物中排在最前列的是哺乳动物,例如人,不过本发明并不限于此。其它动物包括兽类动物(牛、绵羊、猪、马、狗、猫等)。
可以通过实现其指定目的的任意方式给予组合物及其药物组合物。例如,可以通过非肠道、皮下、静脉内、肌内、腹膜内、透皮、颊、鞘内、颅内、鼻内或局部途径进行给药。或者,或同时,可以通过口服途径进行给药。给药剂量取决于接受者的年龄、健康和体重、同时治疗的类型(如果有的话)、治疗频率和所需作用的性质。
可以按照自身已知的方式,例如通过常规的混合、制粒、制锭、溶解或冻干法制备本发明的药物制剂。因此,可以通过下列步骤获得口服应用的药物制剂:将活性化合物与固体赋形剂混合,任选地研磨所得混合物,并且如果需要或必要,在加入合适的助剂后加工颗粒混合物得到片芯或锭芯。
特别地,合适的赋形剂为:填充剂,诸如糖类,例如乳糖或蔗糖;甘露糖醇或山梨糖醇;纤维素制品;和/或磷酸钙,例如磷酸三钙或磷酸氢钙;以及粘合剂,诸如淀粉糊(例如使用玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、稻米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉)、明胶、西黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素钠和/或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。如果需要,可以加入崩解剂,诸如上述淀粉,且还有羧甲基淀粉、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、琼脂或藻酸或其盐,诸如藻酸钠。助剂首先为流动调节剂和润滑剂,例如二氧化硅、滑石粉、硬脂酸或其盐,诸如硬脂酸镁或硬脂酸钙,和/或聚乙二醇。如果需要,可以给锭芯包耐胃液的合适的包衣层。为了这一目的,可以使用浓糖溶液,它可以任选地含有阿拉伯树胶、滑石粉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇和/或二氧化钛、漆溶液和合适的有机溶剂或溶剂混合物。为了生产耐胃液的包衣层,使用合适的纤维素制品、诸如邻苯二甲酸乙酰纤维素或邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素的溶液。例如,为了鉴定或表征活性化合物剂量的组合,可以向片剂或锭剂包衣层中加入染料(dye stuff)或色素。
可以口服使用的其它药物制剂包括由明胶制成的推入配合式胶囊和由明胶和增塑剂、诸如甘油或山梨醇制成的密封软胶囊。推入配合式胶囊可以含有颗粒形式的活性化合物,所述的颗粒中可以混合有:填充剂、诸如乳糖;粘合剂、诸如淀粉;和/或润滑剂、诸如滑石粉或硬脂酸镁;和任选的稳定剂。在软胶囊中,优选将活性化合物溶于或悬浮于合适的液体中,诸如脂肪油或液体石蜡。此外,可以加入稳定剂。
可以通过直肠使用的可能的药物制剂包括:例如,由一种或多种活性化合物与栓剂基质的组合组成的栓剂。合适的栓剂基质为:例如天然或合成甘油三酯类或链烷烃类。此外,还能够使用由活性化合物与基质的组合组成的直肠用明胶胶囊。可能的基质材料包括:例如液体甘油三酯类、聚乙二醇类或链烷烃类。
用于非肠道给药的合适的制剂包括水溶性形式的活性化合物的水溶液,例如水溶性盐和碱性溶液。此外,可以给予作为合适的油注射混悬液的活性化合物的混悬液。合适的亲脂性溶剂或媒介物包括:脂肪油,例如芝麻油;或合成脂肪酸酯类,例如油酸乙酯或甘油三酯类或聚乙二醇-400。含水注射混悬液可以含有增加该混悬液粘度的物质,包括:例如羧甲基纤维素钠、山梨醇和/或葡聚糖。该混悬液中还可以任选地含有稳定剂。
优选通过选择合适的载体将本发明的局部用组合物配制成油、霜剂、洗剂、软膏剂等。合适的载体包括植物油或矿物油、白凡士林(白软石蜡)、支链脂肪或油、动物脂肪和高分子量醇(大于C12)。优选的载体为那些活性组分于其中可溶的载体。如果需要,还可以包括乳化剂、稳定剂、湿润剂和抗氧化剂以及赋予(impart)颜色或香味的试剂。另外,还可以在这些局部用制剂中使用透皮渗透增强剂。这类增强剂的实例可以在美国专利US3,989,816和US4,444,762中找到。
优选由矿物油、自乳化蜂蜡和水的混合物配制霜剂,在该混合物中混合有溶于少量油、诸如杏仁油的活性组分。这类霜剂的典型实例为包括约40份水、约20份蜂蜡、约40份矿物油和约1份杏仁油的霜剂。
可以通过将活性组分在植物油、诸如杏仁油中的混悬液与温热的软石蜡混合并且使该混合物冷却来配制软膏剂。这类软膏剂的典型实例为包括按重量计约30%杏仁油和约70%白软石蜡的软膏剂。
可以通过制备活性组分在合适的高分子量醇、诸如丙二醇或聚乙二醇中的混悬液便利地制备洗剂。
下列实施例用于解释本发明的方法和组合物,但不限于它们。临床疗法中通常遇到并且对本领域技术人员而言显而易见的条件和参数种类的其它合适的变型和修改属于本发明的实质和范围。
实施例1
(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶的制备
所有化学品和试剂均购自Aldrich Chemical Co.或LancasterSynthesis Inc.并且无需进一步纯化即可使用。将(-)-棉酚(1g)溶于丙酮(6ml)并且过滤。将乙酸加入到恒定搅拌的滤液中,直到溶液变浑浊。将该混合物保持在室温下2小时并然后在4℃下保持2小时。通过在减压下使用布氏漏斗过滤收集共结晶并且用少量己烷洗涤。首先将纯的(-)-棉酚乙酸在避光容器中干燥并且在40℃下的真空干燥器中进一步干燥24小时。
实施例2
(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶的表征
(-)-棉酚乙酸共结晶为黄色或淡黄色并且为针形。该共结晶易溶于丙酮和乙醚,微溶于氯仿和乙醇,并且难溶于石油。该共结晶不溶于水。使用Mel-Temp仪测定该共结晶未校准的熔点为178-180℃。
在Bruker300仪上记录所述共结晶的1H和13C核磁共振(NMR)光谱(附图1和2)。将样品溶于合适的氘化溶剂(CDCl3)。将质子化学位移记录为相对于用作内标的四甲基硅烷(0.00ppm)的每百万中的份数(δ)。将13C NMR光谱的化学位移记录为相对于氘化氯仿(CDCl3,77.0ppm)的δ。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ15.21(s,2H),11.16(s,2H),7.80(s,2H),6.45(s,2H),5.79(s,2H),4.08-3.80(m,2H),2.18(s,6H),2.11(s,3H),1.58(d,J=6.8Hz,12H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ199.4,176.8,156.0,150.5,143.4,134.1,133.7,129.7,118.1,115.9,114.6,111.8,27.9,20.7,20.3,20.2。基于1H NMR光谱,测定所述的共结晶为(-)-棉酚与乙酸按1∶1摩尔比的复合物。
在Perkin-Elmer FT-IR光谱仪上记录共结晶的红外光谱(附图3)。IR(KBr)3421,2959,2929,1710,1611,1577,1440,1379,1339,1269,1176,1052,841,772cm-1。
在Micromass AutoSpec Ultima扇形磁场质谱仪上进行共结晶的电喷雾质谱(附图4)测定。MS m/z 541(M+Na)+。
在Scintag X射线粉末衍射计上记录共结晶的X射线粉末衍射图谱(附图5)。基于该图谱,测定所述的共结晶为(-)-棉酚与乙酸按1∶1摩尔比的复合物。
由于完整地描述了本发明,所以本领域技术人员可以理解,可以在不影响本发明范围或其任意实施方案的情况下,可在较宽和等同的条件、表述(formulation)和其它参数范围内实施本发明。将本文中引述的所有专利、专利申请和出版物的全部内容完整地引入本文作为参考。
Claims (26)
1.组合物,基本上由1∶1摩尔比的(-)-棉酚与乙酸的共结晶组成。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于在1H NMR光谱δ2.11(s,3H)处的乙酸的一个甲基信号与在δ2.18(s,6H)处的棉酚的两个甲基信号的整合。
3.制备基本上由1∶1摩尔比的(-)-棉酚与乙酸的共结晶组成的组合物的方法,所述的方法包括以1g(-)-棉酚∶6ml丙酮的比例,将(-)-棉酚溶于丙酮而形成溶液,过滤该溶液,在混合的同时将乙酸加入到溶液中,直到该溶液变浑浊,将该浑浊溶液置于室温下,然后置于0℃到15℃的降低的温度下以便形成共结晶,收集该共结晶,用溶剂洗涤该共结晶,并且干燥该共结晶。
4.权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述的降低的温度为4℃。
5.药物组合物,包含(-)-棉酚与乙酸的共结晶和药物上可接受的载体,其中所述(-)-棉酚与乙酸的共结晶基本上由1∶1摩尔比的(-)-棉酚和乙酸组成。
6.制备药物组合物的方法,包括将基本上由1∶1摩尔比的(-)-棉酚与乙酸的共结晶组成的组合物与药物上可接受的载体混合。
7.包含1∶1摩尔比的(-)-棉酚与乙酸的共结晶和药物上可接受的载体的药物组合物在制备用于治疗动物的过度增殖性疾病或癌症的药物中的应用。
8.权利要求7所述的应用,其中所述药物组合物与细胞凋亡诱导物联合给予。
9.权利要求8所述的应用,其中所述的细胞凋亡诱导物为化疗剂。
10.权利要求8所述的应用,其中所述的细胞凋亡诱导物为放射。
11.权利要求8所述的应用,其中在所述的细胞凋亡诱导物之前给予所述的药物组合物。
12.权利要求8所述的应用,其中所述的药物组合与所述的细胞凋亡诱导物同时给予。
13.权利要求8所述的应用,其中在所述的细胞凋亡诱导物之后给予所述的药物组合物。
14.包含1∶1摩尔比的(-)-棉酚与乙酸的共结晶和药物上可接受的载体的药物组合物在制备用于治疗动物的病毒、微生物或寄生虫感染的药物中的应用。
15.药盒,包含权利要求1的组合物和用于给予动物所述组合物的说明书。
16.权利要求15所述的药盒,其中所述的组合物为包含药物上可接受的载体的药物组合物形式。
17.权利要求15所述的药盒,进一步包括化疗剂。
18.权利要求15所述的药盒,其中所述的说明书用于将所述的组合物给药至患有过度增殖性疾病的动物。
19.权利要求18所述的药盒,其中所述的过度增殖性疾病为癌症。
20.权利要求19所述的药盒,其中所述的癌症选自乳腺癌,淋巴瘤,皮肤癌,胰腺癌,结肠癌,黑素瘤,脑癌,头颈癌,神经胶质瘤,成胶质细胞瘤,肝癌,膀胱癌,肺癌,维尔姆斯肿瘤,胃癌,泌尿生殖器癌,甲状腺癌,食道癌,骨髓瘤,肾上腺癌,肾细胞癌,肾上腺皮质癌,恶性胰腺胰岛素瘤,恶性类癌瘤,绒毛膜癌,蕈样霉菌病,恶性血钙过多,宫颈超常增生,白血病,成神经细胞瘤,横纹肌肉瘤,卡波西肉瘤,真性红细胞增多症,特发性血小板增多症,何杰金病,软组织肉瘤,骨肉瘤,原发性巨球蛋白血症和成视网膜细胞瘤。
21.权利要求20所述的药盒,其中所述肺癌选自非小细胞肺癌和小细胞肺癌。
22.权利要求20所述的药盒,其中所述骨髓瘤为多发性骨髓瘤。
23.权利要求20所述的药盒,其中所述白血病选自急性淋巴细胞性白血病,慢性淋巴细胞性白血病,急性骨髓性白血病,慢性骨髓性白血病,慢性粒细胞性白血病,急性粒细胞性白血病和多毛细胞白血病。
24.权利要求20所述的药盒,其中所述泌尿生殖器癌选自前列腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、睾丸癌和子宫内膜癌。
25.权利要求20所述的药盒,其中所述脑癌为原发性脑癌。
26.权利要求20所述的药盒,其中所述淋巴瘤为非何杰金淋巴瘤。
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KR (2) | KR20080097496A (zh) |
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CA2477923C (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2021-02-23 | University Of South Florida | Multiple-component solid phases containing at least one active pharmaceutical ingredient |
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CN103038204B (zh) | 2010-05-31 | 2015-03-04 | 株式会社普利司通 | 含羟基的甲基苯乙烯和引入其的聚合物 |
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EP3417853B1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2024-06-05 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Yonsei University | Pharmaceutical composition for treatment of stomach cancer containing gossypol, phenformin and irinotecan |
JP7564619B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-22 | 2024-10-09 | ナショナル キャンサー センター | ゴシポールおよびフェンホルミンを有効成分として含む膵臓癌予防および治療用薬学的組成物 |
WO2018192573A1 (zh) * | 2017-04-22 | 2018-10-25 | 秦才东 | 一种抑制细胞糖酵解过程的方法及应用 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20080097496A (ko) | 2008-11-05 |
EP1732529A4 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
CA2561303A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
US20090082445A1 (en) | 2009-03-26 |
EP1732529A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
EA011218B1 (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
AU2005228998B2 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
KR20070026473A (ko) | 2007-03-08 |
AU2009200387A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
US7342046B2 (en) | 2008-03-11 |
IL178286A0 (en) | 2007-03-08 |
SG151299A1 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
US20070293585A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
ZA200607956B (en) | 2008-02-27 |
EA200601562A1 (ru) | 2007-02-27 |
WO2005094804A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
KR100906843B1 (ko) | 2009-07-08 |
AU2005228998A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
MXPA06010938A (es) | 2007-01-25 |
NO20064829L (no) | 2006-12-20 |
JP2007530568A (ja) | 2007-11-01 |
US20050234135A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
CN1960719A (zh) | 2007-05-09 |
US7432300B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 |
CA2561303C (en) | 2011-01-18 |
BRPI0509182A (pt) | 2007-09-18 |
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