CN1938406A - 冷冻机油组合物 - Google Patents
冷冻机油组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1938406A CN1938406A CNA2005800097167A CN200580009716A CN1938406A CN 1938406 A CN1938406 A CN 1938406A CN A2005800097167 A CNA2005800097167 A CN A2005800097167A CN 200580009716 A CN200580009716 A CN 200580009716A CN 1938406 A CN1938406 A CN 1938406A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- refrigerating machine
- equal
- oil composition
- machine oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 glycol ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001521 polyalkylene glycol ether Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 34
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 22
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007868 Raney catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000564 Raney nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutane Chemical compound CC(C)C NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 3
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HXELGNKCCDGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Cl] Chemical compound [F].[Cl] HXELGNKCCDGMMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010726 refrigerant oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butylidene Natural products CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopropane Chemical compound C1CC1 LVZWSLJZHVFIQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenyl glycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COC1=CC=CC=C1 FQYUMYWMJTYZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000061458 Solanum melongena Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002597 Solanum melongena Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000863032 Trieres Species 0.000 description 1
- SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal Natural products COC(C)OC SPEUIVXLLWOEMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004063 butyryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Chemical compound C1CCCC2OC21 ZWAJLVLEBYIOTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene oxide Natural products O=C1CCCC=C1 FWFSEYBSWVRWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)Cl UMNKXPULIDJLSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099364 dichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004756 ethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006178 methyl benzyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol Substances CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003774 valeryl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/042—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
- C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
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Abstract
一种冷冻机油组合物,包含(A)冷冻剂,含有,作为主要组分,C1~8烃化合物和(B)基础油,包含特殊结构的聚链烷二醇醚和/或特定结构的聚乙烯醚,其中冷冻剂在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度等于或小于40wt%并且冷冻机油组合物的混合物粘度,在90℃和2.3MPa下测定,等于或大于0.1mm2/s。冷冻机油和烃冷冻剂在彼此中具有足够溶解度。该冷冻机油具有充分润滑作用。即便当烃冷冻剂的用量小于传统组合物中的时,仍旧可达到充分冷却。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冷冻油组合物,更具体地说涉及包括含有烃化合物作为主要组分的冷冻剂的冷冻油组合物。
背景技术
一般而言,压缩式冷冻机包括压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器,其结构中,冷冻剂和润滑油的液态混合物沿着封闭系统循环。在此种压缩式冷冻机中,一般,压缩机的内部温度升高到50℃或更高,而冷凝器的内部温度在处于约-40℃,虽然这些温度可能随着冷冻机的型号而有所变化。因此,要求冷冻剂和润滑油赋予冷冻机的运动件润滑性并且在冷冻机内循环时这两种液体的至少一部分在-40℃~+50℃的温度范围内处于彼此不混溶状态。
迄今,通常采用氯氟烃如二氯氟甲烷(R-12)和氯二氟甲烷(R-22)作为压缩式冷冻机的冷冻剂,并采用各种类型矿物油和合成油作为润滑油。然而,鉴于氯氟烃如R-12和R-22可能引起因,例如,臭氧层损耗之类的环境污染问题,故近年来对臭氧层破坏作用较小的含氢氯氟化合物,特别是,1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷(R-134a)受到人们的重视。
可是,这些含氢氯氟化合物可能加重全球变暖,因此,人们开始对不产生上述问题的以天然物质为基础的冷却介质重新予以评价。在此类冷却介质当中,烃基冷冻剂目前正在人们的研究之中。
在烃基冷冻剂用于压缩式冷冻机中的情况下,当采用传统上使用的矿物油或烷基苯作为润滑油时,基础油与冷冻剂彼此完全溶解,因此降低了基础油的粘度,即,降低了润滑效果。结果,冷冻机零件的耐磨性和密封性下降,从而导致,例如,难以长期可靠地运转。
鉴于烃基冷冻剂具有可燃性,故从减少向外泄漏产生的影响考虑减少在冷冻系统中加入的冷冻剂数量。溶解在冷冻油中的冷冻剂将提供较少冷却效应。于是,就必须以相当大的数量加入冷冻剂以补偿溶解在润滑油中的那部分冷冻剂。因此,如此大量冷冻剂的减少是一个严重问题。
如上所述,当使用烃基冷冻剂时,要求润滑油相对于冷冻剂的混溶程度恰好使润滑油能够在冷冻机内循环并赋予冷冻机的运动件润滑性。另一方面,从减少烃基冷冻剂的用量考虑,要求冷冻剂的混溶性尽可能小。
在解决上述问题的尝试中,有人建议使用各种各样包括烃基冷冻剂的冷冻油。例如,日本专利申请公开(kokai)11-349970(在权利要求中)公开一种冷冻油,它包含选自聚乙二醇为基础的油、聚丙二醇为基础的油、聚乙二醇-聚丙二醇共聚物为基础的油,和聚乙烯醚为基础的油当中的至少一种。
日本专利申请公开(kokai)11-349970公开上面提到的聚链烷二醇油和其它就分子量和链端结构而言能与烃基冷冻剂有效组合使用的材料。然而,该专利文献未公开烃基冷冻剂和润滑油在实际组合应用中彼此的溶解性、作为溶解了冷冻剂以后润滑油性能指标的混合物粘度以及其它性能。因此,在所公开的聚链烷二醇油和其它材料当中有效化学种的范围尚未得到确认。
关于聚链烷二醇油,本申请人此前曾研究过聚乙二醇(EO)-聚丙二醇(PO)共聚物为基础的油的链端结构以及EO单元/PO单元比例之间的关系,并提交了一篇申请(参见日本专利申请公开(kokai)10-158671,权利要求)。
发明概述
本发明的目的是要解决上面提到的问题并且是日本专利申请公开(kokai)10-158671中所公开的发明的一种改进。因此,本发明的目的是提供一种冷冻油组合物,它包含一种冷冻剂,其包含,作为主要组分的一种烃基冷冻剂,其中冷冻油与烃基冷冻剂彼此能以适当程度混溶,该冷冻油能达到充分润滑,并且即便当该烃基冷冻剂以小于传统用量的数量使用时,冷却依然能满意地完成。
本发明人为达到上面提到的目的进行了广泛研究,结果发现,该目的可这样达到:采用各自具有特定结构的聚链烷二醇醚和/或聚乙烯醚从而实现相对于烃基冷冻剂的恰当混溶性,以及控制冷冻油的结构以便使冷冻剂在基础油中的溶解度以及由基础油和冷冻剂组成的冷冻油组合物的混合物粘度落在规定的范围内。本发明就是在这一发现的基础上完成的。
综上所述,本发明提供一种如下所述冷冻油组合物。
1.一种冷冻油组合物,它包含
一种冷冻剂(A),其含有作为主要组分的C1~C8烃化合物,和
基础油(B),其由以下通式(I)代表的聚链烷二醇醚和/或通式(II)代表的聚乙烯醚构成:
其中R1和R2每一个代表氢原子、C1~C18烃基团或C2~C18酰基基团,条件是,R1和R2不同时为氢原子;m和n各自是等于或大于1的整数;并且n/(m+n)大于0.4:
其中R3和R4每一个代表氢原子、C1~C18烃基团或C2~C18酰基基团;R5代表C1~C4烃基团;R6代表C2~C4烃基团,条件是,R6包含的碳原子的数目大于R5包含的碳原子的数目;p是等于或大于1的整数;并且q是等于或大于0的整数,
并且满足下列条件:
(i)冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度等于或小于40wt%和
(ii)冷冻油组合物在90℃和2.3MPa下的混合物粘度等于或大于0.1mm2/s。
2.在上面1中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中在通式(II)中的p/(p+q)等于或大于0.1。
3.在上面2中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中在通式(II)中的R5是甲基基团。
4.在上面1~3中任何一项中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度介于2~40wt%。
5.在上面4中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度介于2~30wt%。
6.在上面5中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度介于5~25wt%。
7.在上面1~6中任何一项中描述的冷冻油组合物,其混合物粘度,在90℃和2.3MPa条件下,等于或大于0.5mm2/s。
8.在上面1~7中任何一项中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中基础油(B)的重均分子量(Mw)等于或大于500。
9.在上面1~8中任何一项中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中基础油(B)的氧原子含量等于或大于10wt%。
按照本发明的冷冻油组合物,冷冻油和烃基冷冻剂可彼此适度混溶,并且该冷冻油能达到充分的润滑。另外,即便当烃基冷冻剂以小于传统用量的数量使用时,也能满意地达到冷却效果。
优选实施方案详述
本发明冷冻油组合物包含一种冷冻剂(A),后者包含,作为主要组分,C1~C8烃化合物。该烃化合物,作为本发明中使用的组分(冷冻剂)(A)的主要组分,具有1~8个碳原子,优选1~5个碳原子,更优选3~5个碳原子。当碳原子数等于或大于9时,该烃化合物具有过高的沸点,作为冷冻剂这是不优选的。本发明中使用的烃化合物的例子包括甲烷、乙烷、乙烯、丙烷、环丙烷、丙烯、正丁烷、异丁烷、正戊烷和异戊烷。
这些烃化合物可单独或者以2或更多种的组合使用。冷冻剂可唯一地由烃化合物构成。替代地,也可采用烃化合物与另一种冷冻剂如氢氟烃(例如,R-134a)、醚或CO2的混合物。
这里使用的术语“主要组分”是指含量等于或大于50wt%的组分。
本发明冷冻油组合物包含,作为基础油(B),一种链烷二醇醚,由通式(I)代表:
和/或聚乙烯醚,由通式(II)代表。
在通式(I)中,R1和R2每一个代表氢原子、C1~C18烃基团,或C2~C18酰基基团。R1和R2可彼此相同或不同,条件是R1和R2不同时是氢原子。当R1和R2同时是氢原子时,润滑性和稳定性将不利地变差。
在通式(I)中由R1或R2代表的C1~C18烃基团和C2~C18酰基基团可以是任何线型链、支化链和环状的形式。烃基团的具体例子包括烷基基团如甲基基团、乙基基团、正丙基基团、异丙基基团、正丁基基团、异丁基基团、仲丁基基团、叔丁基基团、戊基基团、己基基团、庚基基团、辛基基团、壬基基团、癸基基团、十一烷基基团、十二烷基基团、十三烷基基团、十四烷基基团、十五烷基基团、十六烷基基团、十八烷基基团;环烷基基团如环戊基基团、环己基基团、甲基环己基基团、乙基环己基基团和二甲基环己基基团;以及芳族基团如苯基基团、甲基苯基基团、乙基苯基基团、二甲基苯基基团、苄基基团和甲基苄基基团。C2~C18酰基基团的例子包括乙酰基基团、丙酰基基团、丁酰基基团、戊酰基基团和苯甲酰基基团。
当烃基团或酰基基团中的碳原子数目超过18时,相对于作为冷冻剂的烃的混溶性过分增加,致使烃以任意比例完全溶解于基础油中。从这一观点出发,在通式(I)中,R1和R2每一个最优选是C1~C6烷基基团。
关于作为通式(I)的重复单元的PO和EO的摩尔比要求,包括,m(PO的重复数目)和n(EO的重复数目)每一个是等于或大于1的整数,并且,n/(m+n)大于0.4。当该要求满足时,与烃冷冻剂的恰当混溶性就得到保证。PO和EO既可以以嵌段方式键合也可以以无规方式键合,只要上面提到的m与n之间的关系得到满足。
在本发明的冷冻油组合物中,由通式(I)代表的聚链烷二醇醚化合物可单独用于基础油中或者可以2或更多种的组合形式使用。
在通式(II)中,R3和R4每一个代表氢原子、C1~C18烃基团,或C2~C18酰基基团。R3和R4可彼此相同或不同。优选的是,R3和R4同时是氢原子。
在通式(II)中由R3和R4代表的C1~C18烃基团和C2~C18酰基基团可以是线型链、支化链和环状中的任何形式。C1~C18烃基团和C2~C18酰基基团的具体例子包括与上面涉及R1和R2所列出的同样成员。当烃基团或酰基基团中的碳原子数目超过18时,相对于作为冷冻剂的烃的混溶性将过分增加,以致烃将以任意比例、完全溶解于基础油中。在这些烃基团和酰基基团当中,C1~C6烷基基团是优选的。
R5代表C1~C4烃基团,而R6代表C2~C4烃基团。在R6中的碳原子数目大于在R5中的碳原子数目。R5和R6可采取各种各样的组合。例如,当R5是甲基基团时,R6是乙基基团、正丙基基团、异丙基基团或任何丁基基团。特别是,甲基(R5)和乙基(R6)的组合是最优选的。
关于以R5作为侧链基团的重复单元的重复数目(p)和以R6作为侧链基团的重复单元的重复数目(q),p是等于或大于1的整数,而q是0或者等于或大于1的整数。比值p/(p+q)优选等于或大于0.1。
优选的是,R5是甲基基团,R6是C2~C4烃基团,并且比值p/(p+q)等于或大于0.1。当该要求满足时,相对于烃冷冻剂的恰当混溶性将得到保证。从这一观点出发,更优选的是,比值p/(p+q)等于或大于0.5,在此种工况中R5是甲基基团并且R6是C2~C4烃基团。以R5作为侧链基团的重复单元和以R6作为侧链基团的重复单元可以以无规方式或者以嵌段方式键合。
在本发明冷冻油组合物中,由通式(II)代表的聚乙烯醚化合物可单独或者以2或更多种的组合用于基础油中。
本发明冷冻油组合物的基础油(B)可以是由通式(I)代表的聚链烷二醇醚与由通式(II)代表的聚乙烯醚的混合物。
在本发明中,基础油组分(B)的重均分子量(Mw)优选等于或大于500。当重均分子量等于或大于500时,可获得为达到润滑性所要求的充足粘度。因此,该分子量优选等于或大于700。另一方面,考虑到在低温时的(粘性)阻力,重均分子量优选等于或小于5,000。
在本发明中,基础油组分(B)在100℃的运动粘度优选介于2~200mm2/s。当运动粘度等于或大于2mm2/s时,就达到满意的密封性,并且满意的润滑性能将得到保证。当运动粘度等于或小于200mm2/s时,低温时的阻力不致过分增加,因此可防止停车和其它可能由扭矩过高所引起的不正常运转。从这一观点出发,100℃的运动粘度优选落在5~100mm2/s的范围内。
在本发明中,基础油组分(B)的氧原子含量优选等于或大于10wt%。当基础油的氧含量超过一定值时,基础油(B)将被赋予极性,相对于烃基冷冻剂(A)的混溶性将得到控制。当基础油(B)的氧原子含量等于或大于10wt%时,可将下面提到的冷冻剂(A)在基础油(B)中的溶解度控制在优选的范围内。对于基础油的氧原子含量的上限没有任何具体限制,只要溶解度落在下面提到的范围内。然而,考虑到冷冻油与烃冷冻剂的适当混溶性,基础油的氧原子含量优选等于或小于30wt%。
在本发明的冷冻油组合物中,烃冷冻剂(A)的用量和基础油的用量优选具有以质量比(A)/组分(B表示的某一关系,落在90~99/1的范围内。当比值,组分(A)/组分(B),等于或大于10/90时,可得到充足的冷冻性能,还有,当比值,组分(A)/组分(B),等于或小于99/1时,可得到充足的润滑性能。从这一观点出发,上面提到的质量比,组分(A)/组分(B),更优选地落在95/5~30/70的范围内。
本发明冷冻油组合物基本上表现出在40℃和1.2MPa条件下,等于或小于40wt%的在基础油(B)中的溶解度。当溶解度超过40wt%时,冷冻所要求的冷冻剂绝对量必须增加,这是不利的。
对于冷冻剂溶解度的下限不存在任何具体的限制,只要在冷冻机中能得到充足的润滑性。然而,一般地,溶解度优选等于或大于2wt%。于是,既考虑到冷冻剂含量,又考虑到润滑性能,冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度优选介于2~40wt%。从类似观点出发,溶解度更优选等于或小于30wt%,最优选5~25wt%。
本发明冷冻油组合物基本上表现出0.1mm2/s或更高的混合物粘度,在90℃和2.3MPa。当混合物粘度等于或大于0.1mm2/s时,组合物在冷冻剂中能充分地循环并赋予冷冻机的运动件润滑性。从这一观点出发,在90℃和2.3MPa下混合物粘度优选等于或大于0.5mm2/s。考虑到在低温的粘性阻力,混合物粘度优选等于或小于20mm2/s(上限)。
在本发明的冷冻油组合物中,烃基冷冻剂(A)和基础油(B)彼此可适当地混溶。当质量比,组分(A)/组分(B),介于5/95~95/5(油含量:5~95%)时,烃基冷冻剂(A)和基础油(B)在-50℃~+50℃的温度范围内优选分离而形成两层。
向本发明冷冻油组合物中,根据需要可适当混入各种各样公知的添加剂。添加剂的例子包括极压剂如磷酸酯(例如,磷酸三(甲苯酯)(TCP))或亚磷酸酯(例如,亚磷酸三壬基苯基酯);酚类抗氧化剂和胺类抗氧化剂;稳定剂如苯基缩水甘油基醚、环己烯化氧或环氧化豆油;铜-钝化剂如苯并三唑或其衍生物;消泡剂如硅油和氟代硅油。要求的话,抗载荷(anti-load)剂、氯-清除剂、洗涤剂-分散剂、粘度指数改进剂、油性添加剂、防腐蚀剂、腐蚀抑制剂、倾点降低剂等也可加入。一般而言,这些添加剂掺入到本发明冷冻油组合物中的数量介于0.5~10wt%。
本发明冷冻油组合物可用于各种各样冷冻机。特别是,该组合物优选应用于压缩式冷冻剂中的压缩式冷冻循环中,例如,包括压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀和蒸发器的一般压缩式冷冻循环。
实施例
下面将通过实施例和对比例更详细地描述本发明,但它们不应视为对本发明的限制。
(物理性能的测定和评估)
(1)运动粘度
运动粘度按照JIS K2283-1983在40℃和100℃采用玻璃毛细管粘度计测定。
(2)密度
密度测定根据JIS K2249进行。
(3)重均分子量
重均分子量测定采用凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)在色谱仪(“CO-2055”,JASCO的产品)上进行,色谱仪配备着连接的柱(“LF404”和“KF606M”,JASCO的产品)。
(4)氧原子含量
氧原子含量通过从每个样品的总量中减去按元素分析测得的碳(C)、氢(H)和氮(N)的数量来确定。
(5)冷冻剂的溶解度
规定数量样品油和冷冻剂放入到可密封的压力容器中,混合物从室温加热到约120℃。监视溶解进了冷冻剂以后的样品油的体积和压力,由此通过计算获得温度/压力/溶解度曲线。从该溶解度曲线,确定在40℃和1.2MPa下冷冻剂在样品油中的溶解度(wt%)。
(6)两层分离温度
冷冻剂对样品油的混溶性按如下所述确定。样品油和冷冻剂喂入到玻璃压力容器中,使样品油的含量为3wt%,然后将容器放入到恒温箱中。混合物从室温逐渐冷却至-50℃,然后借助光学传感器测定开始出现相分离的温度。类似地,混合物从室温加热至+50℃,然后借助光学传感器测定开始出现相分离的温度。
(7)混合物粘度
规定数量样品油和冷冻剂放入到玻璃压力容器中,然后借助粘度计测定2.3MPa和90℃下的混合物的混合物粘度。
(8)润滑性试验
冷冻剂(10g)和样品油(40g)混合制成样品。样品的润滑性能借助密闭型“块-在-环上”的试验机在下列条件下测试:60min、室温、100kgf载荷和100rpm,从而测得刮痕宽度。
制备实施例1(聚链烷二醇醚)
在配备搅拌器和液体进口管的200mL不锈钢压热釜中加入粉末状甲醇钠(3.0g,0.056mol),并加热至105℃。在搅拌下,环氧丙烷(100g)在压力下通过液体进口管在10h内喂入其中。压热釜冷却至室温。随后,在压热釜以冰-水冷却的同时,向混合物中加入碘甲烷(19g,0.13mol)。在搅拌下,压热釜逐步加热至90℃,令混合物在90℃下反应4h。反应混合物转移到300mL玻璃烧瓶中以后,通过在减压下加热赶出甲苯,并通过离心除掉沉淀的碘化钠。向液体中加入水(100mL)和甲醇(200mL),随后令获得的溶液顺序通过充填了阳离子交换树脂(200mL)的柱和充填了阴离子交换树脂(200mL)的柱。赶出溶剂,残余物在100℃、由真空泵维持的减压下(13.3Pa(0.1mmHg))加热1h,从而得到93g目标化合物,聚氧亚丙基二醇二甲醚(平均分子量:870)。
制备实施例2和3(聚链烷二醇醚)
重复制备实施例1的程序,不同的是,采用表1中所示每一种环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷混合物以替代环氧丙烷(100g),从而制成聚链烷二醇醚。在制备实施例中制备的冷冻油的结构和物理性质载于表1。
表1
制备实施例1 | 制备实施例2 | 制备实施例3 | ||
原料(g) | 环氧乙烷 | 0 | 40 | 70 |
环氧丙烷 | 100 | 60 | 30 | |
n/(m+n) | 0 | 0.4 | 0.7 | |
运动粘度(mm2/s) | 40℃ | 44.0 | 47.8 | 73.1 |
100℃ | 9.6 | 10.9 | 16.0 | |
粘度指数 | 211 | 227 | 234 | |
密度(15℃)(g/cm3) | 0.994 | 1.031 | 1.074 | |
重均分子量 | 870 | 1,090 | 1,360 | |
氧原子含量(wt%) | 36 | 32 | 30 |
制备实施例4(聚乙烯醚)
聚乙烯醚,按照日本专利申请公开(kokai)6-128184,实施例3中描述的方法制备。
(1)催化剂的制备
(1-1)催化剂制备实施例1
阮内镍(无水)(商品名“M300T”,Kawaken精细化学公司产品)(100g)喂入到烧瓶中,然后向其中加入无水乙醇(100g),接着彻底混合。让混合物静置以等待阮内镍沉淀,并通过滗析去除上层清液。对收集在烧瓶中的阮内镍再按以上程序处理5次。
(1-2)催化剂制备实施例2
Zeolite(商品名“HSZ330HUA”,Tosoh公司产品)(20g)被放入到100mL茄子形烧瓶中,将烧瓶放入到维持在150℃的油浴中并借助油封旋转真空泵抽真空1h。让温度降低到室温,随后,通过使用干氮使压力恢复到常压。
(2)原料的制备
甲苯(1,000g)、乙醛二乙缩醛(500g)和三氟化硼合乙醚(5.0g)加入到5L配备了滴液漏斗、冷凝器和搅拌器的玻璃烧瓶中。乙基乙烯基醚(2,500g)通过滴液漏斗在2.5h时间内滴加到其中,其间混合物的温度通过在冰-水浴中冷却维持在约25℃。加料完毕后,混合物搅拌5min,将反应混合物转移到洗涤罐中并以5%氢氧化钠水溶液(1,000mL)洗涤3次,随后以水(1,000mL)洗涤3次。溶剂和残余原料利用旋转蒸发器在减压下移出,于是获得2,833g反应产物。该反应产物据发现包括分别由通式(III)和(IV)代表的化合物。摩尔比(III)∶(IV)据发现是5∶5,并且n的平均值据发现是5.6。
(3)向1L由SUS-316L制造的压热釜中,加入在上面(2)中制备的低聚物(200g)、在催化剂制备实施例1中制备的阮内镍(6.0g,以乙醇润湿的状态),和在催化剂制备实施例2中制备的沸石(zeolite)(6.0g)。向压热釜中喂入氢气以得到981kPa(10kg/cm2)的氢压,混合物搅拌约30s,随后解除压力。再次向压热釜中喂入氢气以便将氢压调节到981kPa(10kg/cm2),然后混合物搅拌约30s,随后解除压力。再次在加压条件下进行同样氢处理。随后,将压热釜中的氢压调节到2,452kPa(25kg/cm2),温度在30min内在搅拌下升高到140℃,让混合物在140℃下反应2h。在升温和反应期间,观察反应造成的氢压下降。当氢压由于温度升高而增加时,实施适当的降压,然而当反应期间氢压下降时,则实施适当加压,借此维持2,452kPa(25kg/cm2)的氢压。在完全反应以后,将温度降低到室温,随后,压力恢复到常压。向反应混合物中加入己烷(100mL),让所形成的混合物静置30min以便沉淀出催化剂。对反应混合物实施滗析处理。含反应混合物的己烷溶液通过纸过滤器进行过滤。滤液利用旋转蒸发器处理从而移出己烷、水和其它组分,从而获得162g反应产物。起始缩醛据发现已转化为由通式(V)代表的醚化合物(其中Et代表乙基基团)(转化率:100%)。还有,由通式(IV)代表的乙基乙烯基醚低聚物据发现转换成由通式(V)代表的醚化合物:即,由通式(II)代表的聚乙烯醚(以下称“PVE”),其中每个R3和R4是氢原子,R5是乙基基团,p是20(平均),q是0。
制备实施例5~7(聚乙烯醚)
重复制备实施例4的程序,不同的是每一种乙基乙烯基醚与甲基乙烯基醚(组成比例,按混合物的质量计,表示在表2中)被用来替代乙基乙烯基醚,从而制成PVE。每种PVE具有由通式(VI)代表的结构,其中Me代表甲基基团,p和q具有表2所示关系。每种PVE的物理性质也表示在表2中。
表2
制备实施例4 | 制备实施例5 | 制备实施例6 | 制备实施例7 | ||
原料(g) | 甲基乙烯基醚 | 0 | 90 | 88 | 98 |
乙基乙烯基醚 | 100 | 10 | 12 | 2 | |
p/p+q | 0 | 0.18 | 0.23 | 1.0 | |
运动粘度(mm2/s) | 40℃ | 325.2 | 155.2 | 62.7 | 313.7 |
100℃ | 23.2 | 14.4 | 7.8 | 20.7 | |
粘度指数 | 89 | 90 | 85 | 75 | |
重均分子量 | 1,700 | 900 | 500 | 1,500 | |
氧原子含量(wt%) | 25 | 27 | 26 | 27 |
实施例1
制备实施例3中制备的聚链烷二醇醚(以下称“PAG”)和烃基冷冷冻剂(“CARE40”,Koike Kagaku产品,(97.8wt%),乙烷(0.5wt%),异丁烷(1.2wt%和正丁烷(0.5wt%))被分别用作基础油和冷冻剂,并单独地测定冷冻剂在基础油中的溶解和两层的分离温度。另外单独地,将PAG(50g)和烃基冷冻剂(100g)混合在一起,从而制成冷冻油组合物。陔组合物的润滑性通过上面描述的方法进行测定。结果载于表3。
对比例1
重复实施例1的程序,不同的是,用矿物油(“Suniso4GSD”,日本Sun Oil公司产品)作为基础油,以便测定冷冻剂在基础油中的溶解度、两层分离温度以及润滑性。结果载于表3。
对比例2
如表3所示,重复实施例1的程序,不同的是,用在实施例1中制备的PAG作为基础油,以确定冷冻剂在基础油中的溶解度、两层分离温度以及润滑性。结果载于表3。
实施例2
如表3所示,重复实施例1的程序,不同的是,用在实施例2中制备的PAG作为基础油,以确定冷冻剂在基础油中的溶解度、两层分离温度以及润滑性。结果载于表3。
表3
基础油 | 冷冻剂的溶解度(wt%) | 两层分离温度 | 混合物粘度(mm2/s) | 刮痕宽度(mm) | ||
高温侧(℃) | 低温侧(℃) | |||||
实施例1 | 制备实施例3的PAG | 9 | 在-50℃~50℃分离为两层 | 7.0 | 0.74 | |
对比例1 | 矿物油 | 53 | ≥50℃ | ≤~50℃ | 5.0 | 1.21 |
对比例2 | 制备实施例1的PAG | 32 | ≥50℃ | ≤~50℃ | 2.6 | 1.11 |
实施例2 | 制备实施例2的PAG | 16 | 在-50℃~50℃分离为两层 | 2.9 | 1.05 |
实施例3~5和对比例3
如表4所示,重复实施例1的程序,不同的是,用实施例4~7中制备的每一种PVE作为基础油,以确定冷冻剂在基础油中的溶解度、两层分离温度以及润滑性。结果载于表4。
表4
基础油 | 冷冻剂的溶解度(wt%) | 两层分离温度 | 混合物粘度(mm2/s) | 刮痕宽度(mm) | ||
高温侧(℃) | 低温侧(℃) | |||||
实施例3 | 制备实施例5的PVE | 37.5 | 在-50℃~50℃分离为两层 | 6.5 | 0.64 | |
实施例4 | 制备实施例6的PVE | 36 | 在-50℃~50℃分离为两层 | 4.0 | 0.91 | |
实施例5 | 制备实施例7的PVE | 32 | 在-50℃~50℃分离为两层 | 6.5 | 0.62 | |
对比例3 | 制备实施例4的PVE | 48.5 | ≥50℃ | ~≤50℃ | 7.0 | 0.77 |
按照本发明的冷冻油组合物,冷冻油与烃基冷冻剂可彼此适度地混合,并且该冷冻油能充分地起到润滑作用。即便当该烃基冷冻剂以小于传统用量的数量使用时,也可满意地发挥冷却作用。另外,本发明的冷冻油组合物可用于各种不同冷冻机。特别是,该组合物优选地用于压缩式冷冻机中的压缩式冷冻循环中。
Claims (9)
1.一种冷冻油组合物,它包含
一种冷冻剂(A),其含有作为主要组分的C1~C8烃化合物,和
基础油(B),其由以下通式(I)代表的聚链烷二醇醚和/或通式(II)代表的聚乙烯醚构成:
其中R1和R2每一个代表氢原子、C1~C18烃基团或C2~C18酰基基团,条件是,R1和R2不同时为氢原子;m和n各自是等于或大于1的整数;并且n/(m+n)大于0.4:
其中R3和R4每一个代表氢原子、C1~C18烃基团或C2~C18酰基基团;R5代表C1~C4烃基团;R6代表C2~C4烃基团,条件是,R6包含的碳原子的数目大于R5包含的碳原子的数目;p是等于或大于1的整数;并且q是等于或大于0的整数,
并且满足下列条件:
(i)冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度等于或小于40wt%和
(ii)冷冻油组合物在90℃和2.3MPa下的混合物粘度等于或大于0.1mm2/s。
2.权利要求1中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中在通式(II)中的p/(p+q)等于或大于0.1。
3.权利要求2中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中在通式(II)中的R5是甲基基团。
4.权利要求1~3中任何一项描述的冷冻油组合物,其中冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度介于2~40wt%。
5.权利要求4中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度介于2~30wt%。
6.权利要求5中描述的冷冻油组合物,其中冷冻剂(A)在40℃和1.2MPa下在基础油(B)中的溶解度介于5~25wt%。
7.权利要求1~6中任何一项描述的冷冻油组合物,其混合物粘度,在90℃和2.3MPa条件下,等于或大于0.5mm2/s。
8.权利要求1~7中任何一项描述的冷冻油组合物,其中基础油(B)的重均分子量(Mw)等于或大于500。
9.权利要求1~8中任何一项描述的冷冻油组合物,其中基础油(B)的氧原子含量等于或大于10wt%。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3133143A1 (en) | 2017-02-22 |
JP4667761B2 (ja) | 2011-04-13 |
WO2005095557A1 (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
KR101145465B1 (ko) | 2012-05-15 |
TW200538541A (en) | 2005-12-01 |
US8398881B2 (en) | 2013-03-19 |
CN101818093B (zh) | 2013-04-03 |
KR20070015530A (ko) | 2007-02-05 |
MY147965A (en) | 2013-02-15 |
CN1938406B (zh) | 2010-04-14 |
EP1734101A4 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
EP1734101B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
JP2005290306A (ja) | 2005-10-20 |
TWI367252B (en) | 2012-07-01 |
EP1734101A1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
CN101818093A (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
US20070164252A1 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
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