CN1921814B - 抗滥用阿片样物质透皮递送装置及其制药用途 - Google Patents
抗滥用阿片样物质透皮递送装置及其制药用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1921814B CN1921814B CN2005800057047A CN200580005704A CN1921814B CN 1921814 B CN1921814 B CN 1921814B CN 2005800057047 A CN2005800057047 A CN 2005800057047A CN 200580005704 A CN200580005704 A CN 200580005704A CN 1921814 B CN1921814 B CN 1921814B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- delivery device
- transdermal delivery
- microsphere
- antagonist
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000037317 transdermal delivery Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 239000003402 opiate agonist Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000202 analgesic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 125
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000008896 Opium Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- 229960001027 opium Drugs 0.000 claims description 90
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- -1 cyclophan Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N naltrexone Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=4O[C@@H]5[C@](C3=4)([C@]2(CCC5=O)O)CC1)O)CC1CC1 DQCKKXVULJGBQN-XFWGSAIBSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229960003086 naltrexone Drugs 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229940035676 analgesics Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fentanyl Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)CC)C(CC1)CCN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N morphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O BQJCRHHNABKAKU-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N buprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11CC[C@]3([C@H](C1)[C@](C)(O)C(C)(C)C)OC)CN2CC1CC1 RMRJXGBAOAMLHD-IHFGGWKQSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960001736 buprenorphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N codeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002428 fentanyl Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrocodone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC OROGSEYTTFOCAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- YQYVFVRQLZMJKJ-JBBXEZCESA-N (+)-cyclazocine Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C)C2=CC(O)=CC=C2C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1C)CN2CC1CC1 YQYVFVRQLZMJKJ-JBBXEZCESA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 claims description 5
- UIQMVEYFGZJHCZ-SSTWWWIQSA-N Nalorphine Chemical compound C([C@@H](N(CC1)CC=C)[C@@H]2C=C[C@@H]3O)C4=CC=C(O)C5=C4[C@@]21[C@H]3O5 UIQMVEYFGZJHCZ-SSTWWWIQSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229950002213 cyclazocine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960000938 nalorphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N Levorphanol Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@]23CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCCC3 JAQUASYNZVUNQP-USXIJHARSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meperidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCN(C)CC1 XADCESSVHJOZHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960003406 levorphanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960000482 pethidine Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sufentanil Chemical compound C1CN(CCC=2SC=CC=2)CCC1(COC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N (R,R)-tramadol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC([C@]2(O)[C@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-ZBFHGGJFSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(dimethylamino)-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 USSIQXCVUWKGNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OZYUPQUCAUTOBP-QXAKKESOSA-N Levallorphan Chemical compound C([C@H]12)CCC[C@@]11CCN(CC=C)[C@@H]2CC2=CC=C(O)C=C21 OZYUPQUCAUTOBP-QXAKKESOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WJBLNOPPDWQMCH-MBPVOVBZSA-N Nalmefene Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=4O[C@@H]5[C@](C3=4)([C@]2(CCC5=C)O)CC1)O)CC1CC1 WJBLNOPPDWQMCH-MBPVOVBZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UQCNKQCJZOAFTQ-ISWURRPUSA-N Oxymorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@]23O)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O UQCNKQCJZOAFTQ-ISWURRPUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004126 codeine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RBOXVHNMENFORY-DNJOTXNNSA-N dihydrocodeine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC RBOXVHNMENFORY-DNJOTXNNSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocodeine Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC XYYVYLMBEZUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N hydrocodone Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)CC(=O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-CMKMFDCUSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000240 hydrocodone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N hydromorphone Chemical compound O([C@H]1C(CC[C@H]23)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O WVLOADHCBXTIJK-YNHQPCIGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001410 hydromorphone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000263 levallorphan Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001797 methadone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005181 morphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005297 nalmefene Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UZHSEJADLWPNLE-GRGSLBFTSA-N naloxone Chemical compound O=C([C@@H]1O2)CC[C@@]3(O)[C@H]4CC5=CC=C(O)C2=C5[C@@]13CCN4CC=C UZHSEJADLWPNLE-GRGSLBFTSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004127 naloxone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960005118 oxymorphone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950000845 politef Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004739 sufentanil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004380 tramadol Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N tramadol Natural products COC1=CC=CC([C@@]2(O)[C@@H](CCCC2)CN(C)C)=C1 TVYLLZQTGLZFBW-GOEBONIOSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-dihydrocodeinone Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2CCC(=O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OC LLPOLZWFYMWNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical group CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000219 Ethylene vinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002433 Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N nalbuphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]1(O)CC[C@@H]3O)CN2CC1CCC1 NETZHAKZCGBWSS-CEDHKZHLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000805 nalbuphine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N pentazocine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1N(CC=C(C)C)CC2 VOKSWYLNZZRQPF-GDIGMMSISA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005301 pentazocine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-caprolactone Chemical compound CCC1CCC(=O)O1 JBFHTYHTHYHCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LGQCVMYAEFTEFN-JCURWCKSSA-N alazocine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C=C2[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](C)[C@@H]1N(CC=C)CC2 LGQCVMYAEFTEFN-JCURWCKSSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GMTYREVWZXJPLF-AFHUBHILSA-N butorphanol D-tartrate Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O.N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=C3[C@@]3([C@]2(CCCC3)O)CC1)O)CC1CCC1 GMTYREVWZXJPLF-AFHUBHILSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VSKIOMHXEUHYSI-KNLIIKEYSA-N cyprenorphine Chemical compound C([C@]12[C@H]3OC=4C(O)=CC=C(C2=4)C[C@@H]2[C@]11C=C[C@]3([C@H](C1)C(C)(C)O)OC)CN2CC1CC1 VSKIOMHXEUHYSI-KNLIIKEYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229950011021 cyprenorphine Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- STBZIDOIKQNFCQ-HSALFYBXSA-N oxilorphan Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=C3[C@@]3([C@]2(CCCC3)O)CC1)O)CC1CC1 STBZIDOIKQNFCQ-HSALFYBXSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229950011178 oxilorphan Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 23
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N (S)-amphetamine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KWTSXDURSIMDCE-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000004804 polysaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940125717 barbiturate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 150000001557 benzodiazepines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229940025084 amphetamine Drugs 0.000 description 5
- HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N barbituric acid Chemical compound O=C1CC(=O)NC(=O)N1 HNYOPLTXPVRDBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001606 poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 208000035126 Facies Diseases 0.000 description 4
- DEXMFYZAHXMZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Narceine Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)CC1=C(CCN(C)C)C=C(OCO2)C2=C1OC DEXMFYZAHXMZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetonitrile Substances CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000036592 analgesia Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N capsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCC\C=C\C(C)C)=CC=C1O YKPUWZUDDOIDPM-SOFGYWHQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyramide Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)=O WFKAJVHLWXSISD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-1,2-benzodiazepine Chemical compound N1N=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 SVUOLADPCWQTTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002998 adhesive polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002269 analeptic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003555 analeptic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940049706 benzodiazepine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013265 extended release Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000041 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940021182 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)C(O)=O JRHWHSJDIILJAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BANXPJUEBPWEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-Pentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(C)C BANXPJUEBPWEOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(O)=O JOOXCMJARBKPKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930000680 A04AD01 - Scopolamine Natural products 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004821 Contact adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJVCSMSMFSCRME-KBQPJGBKSA-N Dihydromorphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](CC[C@H]23)O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4O IJVCSMSMFSCRME-KBQPJGBKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N Heroin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C=C[C@H]23)OC(C)=O)C4=C5[C@@]12CCN(C)[C@@H]3CC5=CC=C4OC(C)=O GVGLGOZIDCSQPN-PVHGPHFFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N Hyoscine Natural products C1([C@H](CO)C(=O)OC2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-GAUPFVANSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylphenidate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(=O)OC)C1CCCCN1 DUGOZIWVEXMGBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methyl-scopolamin Natural products C1C(C2C3O2)N(C)C3CC1OC(=O)C(CO)C1=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000012404 Orosomucoid Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010061952 Orosomucoid Proteins 0.000 description 2
- ZGUGWUXLJSTTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Promazinum Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZGUGWUXLJSTTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006243 acrylic copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UPOYFZYFGWBUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N amiphenazole Chemical compound S1C(N)=NC(N)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 UPOYFZYFGWBUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229950001798 amiphenazole Drugs 0.000 description 2
- VIROVYVQCGLCII-UHFFFAOYSA-N amobarbital Chemical compound CC(C)CCC1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O VIROVYVQCGLCII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000680 avirulence Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000249 biocompatible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000632 dexamfetamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960002069 diamorphine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012377 drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940099191 duragesic Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002895 emetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229950005722 flosulide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000004211 gastric acid Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)=O ROBFUDYVXSDBQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000774 hypoallergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indomethacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 CGIGDMFJXJATDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008384 inner phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940047889 isobutyramide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N levoglucosan Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2CO[C@@H]1O2 TWNIBLMWSKIRAT-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001344 methylphenidate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- CXJONBHNIJFARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[6-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-1-oxo-2,3-dihydroinden-5-yl]methanesulfonamide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=2CCC(=O)C=2C=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F CXJONBHNIJFARE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003533 narcotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002674 ointment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003401 opiate antagonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004031 partial agonist Substances 0.000 description 2
- FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentan-3-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)CC FDPIMTJIUBPUKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentobarbital Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O WEXRUCMBJFQVBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CPJSUEIXXCENMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenacetin Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1 CPJSUEIXXCENMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960003598 promazine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N scopolamine Chemical compound C1([C@@H](CO)C(=O)O[C@H]2C[C@@H]3N([C@H](C2)[C@@H]2[C@H]3O2)C)=CC=CC=C1 STECJAGHUSJQJN-FWXGHANASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002646 scopolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013271 transdermal drug delivery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000428 triblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UVITTYOJFDLOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,2,5-trimethyl-4-phenylpiperidin-4-yl) propanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(OC(=O)CC)CC(C)N(C)CC1C UVITTYOJFDLOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-Acetamido-2-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O3)C(O)=O)O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)NC(C)=O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)O1 KIUKXJAPPMFGSW-DNGZLQJQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJMIEHBSYVWVIN-LLVKDONJSA-N (2r)-2-[4-(3-oxo-1h-isoindol-2-yl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC([C@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1N1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1 RJMIEHBSYVWVIN-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RDJGLLICXDHJDY-NSHDSACASA-N (2s)-2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](C)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 RDJGLLICXDHJDY-NSHDSACASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N (2s)-2-(5-benzoylthiophen-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound S1C([C@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GUHPRPJDBZHYCJ-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N (2s)-2-[4-(thiophene-2-carbonyl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC([C@@H](C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CS1 MDKGKXOCJGEUJW-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N (3r)-9-methyl-3-[(2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1h-carbazol-4-one Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1C[C@@H]1C(=O)C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)N2C)=C2CC1 FELGMEQIXOGIFQ-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKYHKWQPZHDOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-7-yl)-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 AKYHKWQPZHDOBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJFXWSPUWDWLPL-UVTDQMKNSA-N (5z)-5-[(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]-2-(methoxyamino)-1,3-thiazol-4-one Chemical compound S1C(NOC)=NC(=O)\C1=C\C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ZJFXWSPUWDWLPL-UVTDQMKNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxan-2-one Chemical compound O=C1COCCO1 VPVXHAANQNHFSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOROEVAWQLGPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzhydryl-4-methylpiperazine;2-hydroxypropanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O.C1CN(C)CCN1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 JOROEVAWQLGPFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDKGWGUUUVROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxypiperazine Chemical compound ON1CCNCC1 KDKGWGUUUVROTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADVGKWPZRIDURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2'-Hydroxyacetanilide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1O ADVGKWPZRIDURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLIVRBFRQSOGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(11-oxo-6h-benzo[c][1]benzothiepin-3-yl)acetic acid Chemical compound S1CC2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=CC=C(CC(=O)O)C=C12 KLIVRBFRQSOGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCXHLPGLBYHNMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[1-(4-azidobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindol-3-yl]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C=C1 DCXHLPGLBYHNMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYCOFFBAZNSQOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(3-fluorophenyl)phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(F)=C1 TYCOFFBAZNSQOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIEKMACRVQTPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-thiazolyl]acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC=1SC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC=1C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 JIEKMACRVQTPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNNKXGWDBVPDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylamino]-n-hydroxy-6-oxo-1h-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound N1C(=O)C(C(=O)NO)=CN=C1NCC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 FNNKXGWDBVPDKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKSAJZSJKURQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxy-5-(4-fluorophenyl)benzoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C(OC(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 XKSAJZSJKURQRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-[3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC(N(CCCl)CCCl)=C1 QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzhydryloxy-n,n-dimethylethanamine;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 SPCKHVPPRJWQRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUPHTVOTTBREAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutanoic acid;3-hydroxypentanoic acid Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)=O.CCC(O)CC(O)=O IUPHTVOTTBREAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTXPDSQEMZRBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4-diphenyl-6-piperidin-1-ylheptan-3-one;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)CC)CC(C)N1CCCCC1 DTXPDSQEMZRBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYCHUQUJURZQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,1-dioxo-n-(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-1$l^{6},2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=NC=CS1 SYCHUQUJURZQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PJJGZPJJTHBVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,7-Dihydroxyisoflavone Chemical compound C=1C(O)=CC(O)=C(C2=O)C=1OC=C2C1=CC=CC=C1 PJJGZPJJTHBVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920013642 Biopol™ Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLODLOJLSXSHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(CCCCC)=O Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(CCCCC)=O DLODLOJLSXSHQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010076119 Caseins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002567 Chondroitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- OIRAEJWYWSAQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clidanac Chemical compound ClC=1C=C2C(C(=O)O)CCC2=CC=1C1CCCCC1 OIRAEJWYWSAQNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010011732 Cyst Diseases 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-alpha-Ala Natural products CC([NH3+])C([O-])=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZJUFRDUYTYIHV-NKFKGCMQSA-N Dibenzoyl Thiamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC\C(SC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C(/C)N(C=O)CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N AZJUFRDUYTYIHV-NKFKGCMQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl adipate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCCC XTJFFFGAUHQWII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJFTZWGGHJXZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N DuP 697 Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)SC(Br)=C1 AJFTZWGGHJXZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000016942 Elastin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014258 Elastin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-LEPYJNQMSA-N Ethyl morphine Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@H](N(CC[C@@]112)C)C3)=C[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1=C2C3=CC=C1OCC OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-LEPYJNQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylmorphine Natural products C1C(N(CCC234)C)C2C=CC(O)C3OC2=C4C1=CC=C2OCC OGDVEMNWJVYAJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKYCZSUNGFRBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Euphorbia factor RL9 = U(1) = Resiniferatoxin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(CC(=O)OCC=2CC3(O)C(=O)C(C)=CC3C34C(C)CC5(OC(O4)(CC=4C=CC=CC=4)OC5C3C=2)C(C)=C)=C1 IKYCZSUNGFRBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001576 FEMA 2977 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Polymers OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003886 Glycoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000288 Glycoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WYCLKVQLVUQKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Halazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(CC(F)(F)F)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 WYCLKVQLVUQKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002153 Hydroxypropyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ibuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=C1 HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N L-Alanine Natural products C[C@@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UWTATZPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lorazepam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2NC(=O)C(O)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl DIWRORZWFLOCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meclofenamic Acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(Cl)C(NC=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1Cl SBDNJUWAMKYJOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZRVUJXDFFKFLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Meloxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=NC=C(C)S1 ZRVUJXDFFKFLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FWJKNZONDWOGMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metharbital Chemical compound CCC1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)N(C)C1=O FWJKNZONDWOGMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZXKDOXHBHYTKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Metohexital Chemical compound CCC#CC(C)C1(CC=C)C(=O)NC(=O)N(C)C1=O NZXKDOXHBHYTKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000003505 Myosin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060008487 Myosin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(1-(2-(4-Ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl)ethyl)-4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidyl)propionanilide Chemical compound C1CN(CCN2C(N(CC)N=N2)=O)CCC1(COC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IDBPHNDTYPBSNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FZERHIULMFGESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYCMTVBXDHLXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1CNCCC1.[O] Chemical class N1CNCCC1.[O] QYCMTVBXDHLXRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N NAD zwitterion Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=C[N+]([C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]3[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O3)N3C4=NC=NC(N)=C4N=C3)O)O2)O)=C1 BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nabumetone Chemical compound C1=C(CCC(C)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 BLXXJMDCKKHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naproxen Natural products C1=C(C(C)C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZFPYUNJRRFVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niflumic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 JZFPYUNJRRFVQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001597008 Nomeidae Species 0.000 description 1
- ONBWJWYUHXVEJS-ZTYRTETDSA-N Normorphine Chemical compound C([C@@H](NCC1)[C@@H]2C=C[C@@H]3O)C4=CC=C(O)C5=C4[C@@]21[C@H]3O5 ONBWJWYUHXVEJS-ZTYRTETDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perphenazine Chemical compound C1CN(CCO)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 RGCVKNLCSQQDEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006022 Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001283 Polyalkylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010039918 Polylysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- MWQCHHACWWAQLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Prazepam Chemical compound O=C1CN=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N1CC1CC1 MWQCHHACWWAQLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTVQQQVZCWLTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Remifentanil Chemical compound C1CN(CCC(=O)OC)CCC1(C(=O)OC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZTVQQQVZCWLTDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N Sorbitan monooleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O NWGKJDSIEKMTRX-AAZCQSIUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001963 Synthetic biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SEQDDYPDSLOBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Temazepam Chemical compound N=1C(O)C(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 SEQDDYPDSLOBDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- STEQPJJDFVFRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tinyatoxin Natural products CC1CC2(CC34OC(Cc5ccccc5)(O2)OC13C6C=C(C)C(=O)C6(O)CC(=C4)COC(=O)Cc7ccc(O)cc7)C(=C)C STEQPJJDFVFRGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000012886 Vertigo Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGCDHPDIERKJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[S] Chemical compound [F].[S] XGCDHPDIERKJPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZALMZWWJQXBYQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Cl] Chemical compound [N].[Cl] ZALMZWWJQXBYQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004892 acemetacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FSQKKOOTNAMONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acemetacin Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(=O)OCC(O)=O)C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2N1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 FSQKKOOTNAMONP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960003767 alanine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001391 alfentanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920013820 alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001583 allophane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGYFOSCXVAXULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N allylprodine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(OC(=O)CC)CCN(C)CC1CC=C KGYFOSCXVAXULR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004361 allylprodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001349 alphaprodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UVAZQQHAVMNMHE-XJKSGUPXSA-N alphaprodine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[C@@]1(OC(=O)CC)CCN(C)C[C@@H]1C UVAZQQHAVMNMHE-XJKSGUPXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940098184 amytal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008485 antagonism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940125713 antianxiety drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002249 anxiolytic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N apomorphine Chemical compound C([C@H]1N(C)CC2)C3=CC=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C1C2=CC=C3 VMWNQDUVQKEIOC-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004046 apomorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229950006791 bentiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RDJGWRFTDZZXSM-RNWLQCGYSA-N benzylmorphine Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@]23CCN([C@H](C4)[C@@H]3C=C[C@@H]1O)C)C1=C2C4=CC=C1OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RDJGWRFTDZZXSM-RNWLQCGYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLKWNFFCSSJANB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bezitramide Chemical compound O=C1N(C(=O)CC)C2=CC=CC=C2N1C(CC1)CCN1CCC(C#N)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 FLKWNFFCSSJANB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004611 bezitramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MOYGZHXDRJNJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N buclizine Chemical compound C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1CN1CCN(C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CC1 MOYGZHXDRJNJEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001705 buclizine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IJTPQQVCKPZIMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bucloxic acid Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C(=O)CCC(=O)O)=CC=C1C1CCCCC1 IJTPQQVCKPZIMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005608 bucloxic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- QWCRAEMEVRGPNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N buspirone Chemical compound C1C(=O)N(CCCCN2CCN(CC2)C=2N=CC=CN=2)C(=O)CC21CCCC2 QWCRAEMEVRGPNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002495 buspirone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZVHFVZFNXBMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butalbital Chemical compound CC(C)CC1(CC=C)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O UZVHFVZFNXBMQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002546 butalbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IFKLAQQSCNILHL-QHAWAJNXSA-N butorphanol Chemical compound N1([C@@H]2CC3=CC=C(C=C3[C@@]3([C@]2(CCCC3)O)CC1)O)CC1CCC1 IFKLAQQSCNILHL-QHAWAJNXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001113 butorphanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002504 capsaicin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000017663 capsaicin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IVUMCTKHWDRRMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N carprofen Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=C[C]2C3=CC=C(C(C(O)=O)C)C=C3N=C21 IVUMCTKHWDRRMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003184 carprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000590 celecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N celecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=NN1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 RZEKVGVHFLEQIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003086 cellulose ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UKTAZPQNNNJVKR-KJGYPYNMSA-N chembl2368925 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(O[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4C[C@H]5C[C@@H](N4CC5=O)C3)=O)=CNC2=C1 UKTAZPQNNNJVKR-KJGYPYNMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005829 chemical entities Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004782 chlordiazepoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANTSCNMPPGJYLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlordiazepoxide Chemical compound O=N=1CC(NC)=NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 ANTSCNMPPGJYLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001076 chlorpromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorpromazine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 ZPEIMTDSQAKGNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N chondroitin Chemical compound CC(O)=N[C@@H]1[C@H](O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1OC1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 DLGJWSVWTWEWBJ-HGGSSLSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000022371 chronic pain syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010886 clidanac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GPZLDQAEBHTMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N clonitazene Chemical compound N=1C2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C2N(CCN(CC)CC)C=1CC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GPZLDQAEBHTMPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001604 clonitazene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111134 coxibs Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003255 cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000031513 cyst Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003398 denaturant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002951 depilatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N desomorphine Chemical compound C1C2=CC=C(O)C3=C2[C@]24CCN(C)[C@H]1[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]4O3 LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950003851 desomorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N dextilidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[C@@]1(C(=O)OCC)CCC=C[C@H]1N(C)C WDEFBBTXULIOBB-WBVHZDCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- INUNXTSAACVKJS-OAQYLSRUSA-N dextromoramide Chemical compound C([C@@H](C)C(C(=O)N1CCCC1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)N1CCOCC1 INUNXTSAACVKJS-OAQYLSRUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003701 dextromoramide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003461 dezocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VTMVHDZWSFQSQP-VBNZEHGJSA-N dezocine Chemical compound C1CCCC[C@H]2CC3=CC=C(O)C=C3[C@]1(C)[C@H]2N VTMVHDZWSFQSQP-VBNZEHGJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003529 diazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000359 diblock copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960001259 diclofenac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diclofenac Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1NC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1Cl DCOPUUMXTXDBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000616 diflunisal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HUPFGZXOMWLGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diflunisal Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(C=2C(=CC(F)=CC=2)F)=C1 HUPFGZXOMWLGNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJQPQKLURWNAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocapsaicin Chemical compound COC1=CC(CNC(=O)CCCCCCC(C)C)=CC=C1O XJQPQKLURWNAAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBCYRZPENADQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocapsaicin Natural products COC1=CC(COC(=O)CCCCCCC(C)C)=CC=C1O RBCYRZPENADQGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K dihydroxy(stearato)aluminium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Al](O)O UGMCXQCYOVCMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIRAYNIFEOXSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimepheptanol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CC(C)N(C)C)(C(O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 QIRAYNIFEOXSPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CANBGVXYBPOLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylthiambutene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=CC(C)N(C)C)C1=CC=CS1 CANBGVXYBPOLRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQGIXNQCOXNCRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxaphetyl butyrate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C(=O)OCC)CCN1CCOCC1 LQGIXNQCOXNCRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008972 dioxaphetyl butyrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000520 diphenhydramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L disulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)OS([O-])(=O)=O VFNGKCDDZUSWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003413 dolasetron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002651 drug therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002549 elastin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007515 enzymatic degradation Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOWQTJXNFTWSCS-IAQYHMDHSA-N eptazocine Chemical compound C1N(C)CC[C@@]2(C)C3=CC(O)=CC=C3C[C@@H]1C2 ZOWQTJXNFTWSCS-IAQYHMDHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010920 eptazocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002336 estazolam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CDCHDCWJMGXXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N estazolam Chemical compound C=1C(Cl)=CC=C(N2C=NN=C2CN=2)C=1C=2C1=CC=CC=C1 CDCHDCWJMGXXRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYIBGDKNYYMMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;terephthalic acid Chemical compound OCCO.OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 FYIBGDKNYYMMAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGJHHMKQBWSQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoheptazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCCN(C)CC1 WGJHHMKQBWSQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000569 ethoheptazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MORSAEFGQPDBKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylthiambutene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1C(=CC(C)N(C)CC)C1=CC=CS1 MORSAEFGQPDBKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006111 ethylmethylthiambutene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004578 ethylmorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PXDBZSCGSQSKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N etonitazene Chemical compound C1=CC(OCC)=CC=C1CC1=NC2=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C2N1CCN(CC)CC PXDBZSCGSQSKST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004538 etonitazene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004945 etoricoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoricoxib Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC=C(Cl)C=C1C1=CC=C(S(C)(=O)=O)C=C1 MNJVRJDLRVPLFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002743 euphoric effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001419 fenoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002679 fentiazac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004369 flufenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LPEPZBJOKDYZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N flufenamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 LPEPZBJOKDYZAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007979 flufenisal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N flumazenil Chemical compound C1N(C)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2N2C=NC(C(=O)OCC)=C21 OFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004381 flumazenil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950001284 fluprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003528 flurazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SAADBVWGJQAEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(CCN(CC)CC)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1F SAADBVWGJQAEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002390 flurbiprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurbiprofen Chemical compound FC1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 SYTBZMRGLBWNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MFWNKCLOYSRHCJ-BTTYYORXSA-N granisetron Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)N[C@H]3C[C@H]4CCC[C@@H](C3)N4C)=NN(C)C2=C1 MFWNKCLOYSRHCJ-BTTYYORXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003727 granisetron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002158 halazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002674 hyaluronan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003160 hyaluronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTJBNMUWRKPFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypethidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1C1(C(=O)OCC)CCN(C)CC1 WTJBNMUWRKPFRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950008496 hydroxypethidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001863 hydroxypropyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010977 hydroxypropyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyzine Chemical compound C1CN(CCOCCO)CCN1C(C=1C=CC(Cl)=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZQDWXGKKHFNSQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000930 hydroxyzine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000147 hypnotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960001680 ibuprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000005847 immunogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000905 indomethacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004187 indoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- IFKPLJWIEQBPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isomethadone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C(C)CN(C)C)(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IFKPLJWIEQBPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009272 isomethadone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYUAYBYLJSNDCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC=1C=C(C)ON=1 YYUAYBYLJSNDCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002252 isoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketoprofen Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactide Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)C(C)OC1=O JJTUDXZGHPGLLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RCYBMSQOSGJZLO-BGWNEDDSSA-N levophenacylmorphan Chemical compound C([C@]12CCCC[C@H]1[C@H]1CC3=CC=C(C=C32)O)CN1CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCYBMSQOSGJZLO-BGWNEDDSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IMYHGORQCPYVBZ-NLFFAJNJSA-N lofentanil Chemical compound CCC(=O)N([C@@]1([C@@H](CN(CCC=2C=CC=CC=2)CC1)C)C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 IMYHGORQCPYVBZ-NLFFAJNJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950010274 lofentanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002101 lytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JVGUNCHERKJFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N mabuprofen Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C(=O)NCCO)C=C1 JVGUNCHERKJFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950001846 mabuprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940063647 marezine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003803 meclofenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003464 mefenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001929 meloxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXQCGGRTAILOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N mephentermine Chemical compound CNC(C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 RXQCGGRTAILOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002342 mephentermine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ALARQZQTBTVLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mephobarbital Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)N(C)C1=O ALARQZQTBTVLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000365 meptazinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JLICHNCFTLFZJN-HNNXBMFYSA-N meptazinol Chemical compound C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1[C@@]1(CC)CCCCN(C)C1 JLICHNCFTLFZJN-HNNXBMFYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960002057 metharbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002683 methohexital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006080 metopon Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NPZXCTIHHUUEEJ-CMKMFDCUSA-N metopon Chemical compound O([C@@]1(C)C(=O)CC[C@@H]23)C4=C5[C@@]13CCN(C)[C@@H]2CC5=CC=C4O NPZXCTIHHUUEEJ-CMKMFDCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011806 microball Substances 0.000 description 1
- UOBSVARXACCLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethyl adipate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O UOBSVARXACCLLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBMRTYCHDPMBFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N monomethyl glutaric acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(O)=O IBMRTYCHDPMBFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INAXVFBXDYWQFN-XHSDSOJGSA-N morphinan Chemical compound C1C2=CC=CC=C2[C@]23CCCC[C@H]3[C@@H]1NCC2 INAXVFBXDYWQFN-XHSDSOJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GODGZZGKTZQSAL-VXFFQEMOSA-N myrophine Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@@H]2C=C[C@@H]([C@@H]3OC4=C5[C@]23CCN1C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)C5=CC=C4OCC1=CC=CC=C1 GODGZZGKTZQSAL-VXFFQEMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950007471 myrophine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004270 nabumetone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950006238 nadide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BFYWWTIGNJJAHF-LTQSXOHQSA-N nalorphine dinicotinate Chemical compound O([C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC=4C5=C(C(=CC=4)OC(=O)C=4C=NC=CC=4)O[C@@H]1[C@]52CCN3CC=C)C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 BFYWWTIGNJJAHF-LTQSXOHQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002009 naproxen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-M naproxen(1-) Chemical compound C1=C([C@H](C)C([O-])=O)C=CC2=CC(OC)=CC=C21 CMWTZPSULFXXJA-VIFPVBQESA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960004300 nicomorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HNDXBGYRMHRUFN-CIVUWBIHSA-N nicomorphine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C=C[C@H]2[C@H]3CC=4C5=C(C(=CC=4)OC(=O)C=4C=NC=CC=4)O[C@@H]1[C@]52CCN3C)C(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 HNDXBGYRMHRUFN-CIVUWBIHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000916 niflumic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000965 nimesulide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HYWYRSMBCFDLJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nimesulide Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 HYWYRSMBCFDLJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001454 nitrazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrazepam Chemical compound C12=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C2NC(=O)CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KJONHKAYOJNZEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RGOVYLWUIBMPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonivamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)NCC1=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C1 RGOVYLWUIBMPGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229950006134 normorphine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008601 oleoresin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005343 ondansetron Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQNQGBUEVCAVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxazepane Chemical compound C1CCNOCC1 AQNQGBUEVCAVML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004662 parecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- TZRHLKRLEZJVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N parecoxib Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)CC)=CC=C1C1=C(C)ON=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 TZRHLKRLEZJVIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003961 penetration enhancing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001412 pentobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000762 perphenazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007971 pharmaceutical suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003285 pharmacodynamic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003893 phenacetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQHYKVKNPWDQSL-KNXBSLHKSA-N phenazocine Chemical compound C([C@@]1(C)C2=CC(O)=CC=C2C[C@@H]2[C@@H]1C)CN2CCC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQHYKVKNPWDQSL-KNXBSLHKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000897 phenazocine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenobarbital Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O DDBREPKUVSBGFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002695 phenobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CFBQYWXPZVQQTN-QPTUXGOLSA-N phenomorphan Chemical compound C([C@]12CCCC[C@H]1[C@H]1CC3=CC=C(C=C32)O)CN1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 CFBQYWXPZVQQTN-QPTUXGOLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950011496 phenomorphan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IPOPQVVNCFQFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenoperidine Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IPOPQVVNCFQFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004315 phenoperidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- PXXKIYPSXYFATG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piminodine Chemical compound C1CC(C(=O)OCC)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCN1CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 PXXKIYPSXYFATG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006445 piminodine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QPUMEZIFDXYGPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazine 1H-pyrrole Chemical compound N1CCNCC1.N1C=CC=C1 QPUMEZIFDXYGPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002702 piroxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N piroxicam Chemical compound OC=1C2=CC=CC=C2S(=O)(=O)N(C)C=1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=N1 QYSPLQLAKJAUJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000851 pirprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PIDSZXPFGCURGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pirprofen Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C(C(O)=O)C)=CC=C1N1CC=CC1 PIDSZXPFGCURGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002463 poly(p-dioxanone) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000622 polydioxanone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005644 polyethylene terephthalate glycol copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000656 polylysine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000307 polymer substrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001289 polyvinyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001291 polyvinyl halide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004856 prazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003111 prochlorperazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WIKYUJGCLQQFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prochlorperazine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(Cl)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 WIKYUJGCLQQFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXWAUWBYASJEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N proheptazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(OC(=O)CC)CCCN(C)CC1C ZXWAUWBYASJEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJKQCILVUHXVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N properidine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1(C(=O)OC(C)C)CCN(C)CC1 XJKQCILVUHXVIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950004345 properidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003110 quinine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920013730 reactive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003394 remifentanil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DSDNAKHZNJAGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N resinferatoxin Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(CC(=O)OCC=2CC3(O)C(=O)C(C)=CC3C34C(C)CC5(OC(O4)(CC=4C=CC=CC=4)OC5C3C=2)C(C)=C)=C1 DSDNAKHZNJAGHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSDNAKHZNJAGHN-MXTYGGKSSA-N resiniferatoxin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(CC(=O)OCC=2C[C@]3(O)C(=O)C(C)=C[C@H]3[C@@]34[C@H](C)C[C@@]5(O[C@@](O4)(CC=4C=CC=CC=4)O[C@@H]5[C@@H]3C=2)C(C)=C)=C1 DSDNAKHZNJAGHN-MXTYGGKSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073454 resiniferatoxin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004621 scanning probe microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KQPKPCNLIDLUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N secobarbital Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1(CC=C)C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=O KQPKPCNLIDLUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002060 secobarbital Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000932 sedative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003369 serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037384 skin absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000274 skin absorption Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003019 stabilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N subtilin Chemical compound CC1SCC(NC2=O)C(=O)NC(CC(N)=O)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)CC)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)NC(CCCCN)C(O)=O)CSC(C)C2NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C1NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)C(CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C2NC(=O)CNC(=O)C3CCCN3C(=O)C(NC(=O)C3NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C)NC(=O)C(CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)C(NC(=O)C(CCCCN)NC(=O)C(N)CC=4C5=CC=CC=C5NC=4)CSC3)C(C)SC2)C(C)C)C(C)SC1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WPLOVIFNBMNBPD-ATHMIXSHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N sucralose Chemical class O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](Cl)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@]1(CCl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CCl)O1 BAQAVOSOZGMPRM-QBMZZYIRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003445 sucroses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950005175 sudoxicam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000894 sulindac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MLKXDPUZXIRXEP-MFOYZWKCSA-N sulindac Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(O)=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2\C1=C/C1=CC=C(S(C)=O)C=C1 MLKXDPUZXIRXEP-MFOYZWKCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004492 suprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003188 temazepam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000007586 terpenes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001312 tiaprofenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001402 tilidine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MIMJSJSRRDZIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tilmacoxib Chemical compound C=1C=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C(F)=CC=1C=1OC(C)=NC=1C1CCCCC1 MIMJSJSRRDZIPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZMXEIBZCEIFB-ACAXUWNGSA-N tinyatoxin Chemical compound C([C@@]12O[C@]3(C[C@H]([C@@]4([C@H]5[C@](C(C(C)=C5)=O)(O)CC(COC(=O)CC=5C=CC(O)=CC=5)=C[C@H]4[C@H]3O2)O1)C)C(C)=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WWZMXEIBZCEIFB-ACAXUWNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002345 tiopinac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002905 tolfenamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YEZNLOUZAIOMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenamic acid Chemical compound CC1=C(Cl)C=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O YEZNLOUZAIOMLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001017 tolmetin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UPSPUYADGBWSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolmetin Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(CC(O)=O)N1C UPSPUYADGBWSHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000006211 transdermal dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003386 triazolam Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazolam Chemical compound C12=CC(Cl)=CC=C2N2C(C)=NN=C2CN=C1C1=CC=CC=C1Cl JOFWLTCLBGQGBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003904 triflupromazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XSCGXQMFQXDFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflupromazine Chemical compound C1=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C2N(CCCN(C)C)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 XSCGXQMFQXDFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEZBIKUBAYAZIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethobenzamide Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(OC)=CC(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(OCCN(C)C)=CC=2)=C1 FEZBIKUBAYAZIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004161 trimethobenzamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004441 tyrosine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940057402 undecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002004 valdecoxib Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N valdecoxib Chemical compound CC=1ON=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=1C1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LNPDTQAFDNKSHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960004295 valine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000889 vertigo Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007762 w/o emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229950007802 zidometacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003414 zomepirac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZXVNMYWKKDOREA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zomepirac Chemical compound C1=C(CC(O)=O)N(C)C(C(=O)C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=C1C ZXVNMYWKKDOREA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/485—Morphinan derivatives, e.g. morphine, codeine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/02—Adhesive bandages or dressings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1611—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1629—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/1641—Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
- A61K9/1647—Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
- A61K9/7038—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
- A61K9/7046—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/7053—Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl, polyisobutylene, polystyrene
- A61K9/7061—Polyacrylates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/70—Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
- A61K9/7023—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
- A61K9/703—Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
- A61K9/7092—Transdermal patches having multiple drug layers or reservoirs, e.g. for obtaining a specific release pattern, or for combining different drugs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/44—Medicaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/04—Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/0075—Disposal of medical waste
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/65—Medical waste
- B09B2101/68—Transdermal patches
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供抗滥用透皮递送装置,该装置含有用于在疼痛患者中镇痛目的的阿片样激动剂。
Description
本申请要求享有在2004年2月23日提交的美国临时申请No.60/547,196的优先权,该申请通过引用并入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及一种透皮递送装置,该装置可用于递送阿片样激动剂同时减少滥用的可能。
发明背景
阿片样物质的持续释放制剂是本技术领域中已知的,并且与施用阿片样物质的立即释放制剂之后通常所获得的药理作用相比,持续释放制剂提供了更长的药理作用。持续释放制剂所获得的这种较长期的效能可以提供相应立即释放制剂所不能获得的治疗益处。
持续递送治疗活性剂的一种方式是使用透皮递送装置,例如透皮帖剂。一些市售的递送例如东莨菪碱或硝酸甘油的透皮装置包含夹在不透性背衬和膜面之间的贮源(reservoir),并且通常通过粘合凝胶粘附在皮肤上。
近年来,透皮给药在治疗慢性疼痛综合症中已经逐渐得到认同,例如当需要连续不断的镇痛来治疗时。其中阿片样镇痛剂为活性成分的透皮递送装置是已知的。通常,透皮递送装置在贮源或基质中含有治疗活性剂(如阿片样镇痛剂)和粘合剂,该粘合剂能够使透皮装置粘附在皮肤上并且允许活性剂从装置穿透患者皮肤。一旦活性剂穿透皮肤层,药物就被吸收到血流中,在此它可以发挥药物治疗作用例如镇痛。该领域中专利的实例包括:Gale的美国专利No.4,588,580,该专利描述了用于递送芬太尼或其镇痛活性衍生物的透皮递送装置;Bundgaard的美国专利No.5,908,846,该专利描述了透皮帖剂形式的结合载体的吗啡衍生物局部制剂;Chien等人的美国专 利No.4,806,341,该专利描述了利用一种装置透皮给药麻醉镇痛剂或阿片样激动剂,所述装置包含背衬层、含有吗啡喃麻醉镇痛剂或拮抗剂和皮肤渗透增强剂的固体聚合物基质的邻接层以及粘合聚合物;Aunst等人的美国专利No.4,626,539,该专利描述了含有由阿片样物质、渗透增强剂和药物载体如丙二醇组成的凝胶、洗剂或膏的透皮帖剂;和Reder等人的美国专利No.5,968,547、6,231,886和6,344,212,该专利描述了含有丁丙诺啡的透皮递送装置,用于提供长时间的疼痛治疗。通过引用将包括前述的本文引用的所有文献的全部内容并入本文。
在美国上市的阿片样镇痛剂透皮装置是Duragesic帖剂,其含有作为活性剂的芬太尼(可以从Janssen Pharmaceutical购得)。Duragesic帖剂适合于提供高达48-72小时的镇痛。
与阿片样物质使用相关的主要担忧是这种药物的滥用以及这种药物从需要这种治疗的患者转移到非患者,例如转移给违法使用的非患者。本技术领域中已经认识到,当递送装置被篡改(例如通过咀嚼、撕裂或提取药物)从而释放阿片样物质用于非法用途(例如用于口或肠胃外使用)时,透皮阿片样制剂可能被滥用。另外,已有报道,先前“用过”的透皮芬太尼递送装置由于它们的过剩而经常被滥用。
Lee等人的美国专利5,236,714和Granger等人的美国专利No.5,149,538描述了阿片样激动剂透皮递送装置,据称该装置降低了滥用的可能。
存在对透皮阿片样物质递送装置的需求,所述装置具有降低对装置中所含阿片样物质滥用的可能。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种透皮递送装置,该装置含有阿片样镇痛剂并降低了滥用的可能。
本发明的另一目的是提供利用降低滥用可能的含阿片样物质的透皮递送装置来治疗疼痛的方法。
根据上述和其它目的,本发明部分涉及一种递送阿片样镇痛剂的透皮递送装置,包含镇痛有效量的阿片样激动剂、以及当透皮装置局部施用并完整时为基本不可释放 形式的阿片样拮抗剂。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种透皮递送装置,包括含有效量阿片样激动剂的含药层以及分散在含药层中的多个微球,所述微球包含阿片样拮抗剂并且在含药层中是视觉不可辨识的。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种透皮递送装置,包含背衬层和与背衬层的一面接触的含药层,所述含药层包含有效量的阿片样激动剂和分散在含药层中的多个微球,所述微球包含阿片样拮抗剂以及选自下列物质的聚合物:聚酯、聚醚、聚原酸酯、多糖、环糊精、壳聚糖、聚(∑-己内酯)、聚酸酐、白蛋白、它们的共混物和共聚物,微球的平均尺寸为约1-约500μm。
在一些实施方案中,本发明还涉及一种透皮递送装置,包含背衬层和与背衬层的一面接触的含药层,所述含药层包含有效量的阿片样激动剂以及分散在含药层中的多个微球,所述微球包含分散在聚合物基质中的阿片样拮抗剂,微球的平均尺寸为约1-约500μm。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种透皮递送装置,包含背衬层和与背衬层的一面接触的含药层,所述含药层包含有效量的阿片样激动剂以及分散在含药层中的多个微球,微球的平均尺寸为约1-约500μm并且包含阿片样拮抗剂。在这种实施方案中,企图滥用包含在透皮装置中的阿片样激动剂的滥用者不容易将含拮抗剂的微球与阿片样激动剂分离。
在一些实施方案中,本发明涉及一种透皮递送装置,包含背衬层和与背衬层的一面接触的含药层,所述含药层包含有效量的阿片样激动剂以及分散在含药层中的多个微球,微球基本由阿片样拮抗剂和选自下列物质的聚合物组成:聚酯、聚醚、聚原酸酯、多糖、环糊精、壳聚糖、聚(∑-己内酯)、聚酸酐、白蛋白、它们的共混物或共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,本发明还涉及一种透皮递送装置,包含背衬层和与背衬层的一面接触的含药层,所述含药层包含有效量的阿片样激动剂以及分散在含药层中的多个微球,微球基本由分散在聚合物基质中的阿片样拮抗剂组成。
在一些实施方案中,含阿片样激动剂层选自粘合层、基质层、贮源或其组合。
在一些实施方案中,当透皮装置局部施用于人患者皮肤并且完整时,拮抗剂从微球不可释放或基本不可释放(并因此从装置中没有释放或基本没有释放)。但是当递送装置被篡改,例如通过咀嚼、浸泡、刺穿、撕裂、或经受破坏微球完整性的任意其它处理时,拮抗剂可以从微球中释放。
在一些优选的实施方案中,分散在含阿片样激动剂的基质层中的本发明微球具有类似于基质层其它成分(例如阿片样激动剂、聚合物等)的视觉外观,使得阿片样激动剂和阿片样拮抗剂不容易通过视觉观察来分辨,由此增加阿片样激动剂与阿片样拮抗剂分离的难度。
在一些优选实施方案中,当将装置完整的局部施用于人患者皮肤时,基质层的组成抑制微球的溶解以及阿片样拮抗剂的释放。
在本发明中,篡改本发明透皮递送装置后(例如通过咀嚼、浸泡、刺穿、撕裂、或经受破坏微球完整性的任意其它处理),从本发明透皮递送装置中释放的拮抗剂的量至少部分阻断给药(例如口服、鼻内、肠胃外或舌下)时的阿片样激动剂。优选的是,阿片样激动剂的欣快效果将被减弱或阻断,由此减少误用或滥用所述给药形式的趋势。
可以利用聚合物的物理/化学性质来提供本发明的抗滥用性。例如,酸催化聚原酸酯的水解。因此,经口服摄取含有包含聚原酸酯和阿片样拮抗剂的微球的透皮递送装置而滥用时,在胃酸环境中将引起聚合物的降解以及阿片样拮抗剂的释放。另外,酶促切割催化包含多糖和蛋白质的微球的降解。因此,经口服摄取包含葡聚糖的微球的透皮递送装置而滥用时,将引起聚合物的降解以及阿片样拮抗剂释放在胃肠道中。此外,滥用者可能通过将整个制剂浸入二乙醚中来提取含微球的透皮制剂。微球将溶于二乙醚中,从而释放拮抗剂,产生不适合于滥用的液体。在另一个实施方案中,在口内滥用透皮剂型的情况下,唾液将渗入透皮制剂并溶解微球,从而释放拮抗剂并减少透皮制剂对滥用者的价值。在这种实施方案中,微球可包含诸如可被唾液淀粉酶降解的淀粉之类的物质。
在一些优选实施方案中,可包括独立的粘合层,该粘合层在与背衬层接触的基质层一侧的对侧与基质层接触。在其它的优选实施方案中,含阿片样激动剂和拮抗剂 微球的基质层包含也可用作透皮粘合剂的药用可接受聚合物,并且不需要另外的粘合层来使透皮装置能够粘附在患者的皮肤上。在一些优选实施方案中,用于将透皮装置粘附到患者皮肤上的粘合层包含压敏粘合剂。在一些实施方案中,透皮递送装置还包含可除去的保护层,该保护层与基质或粘合层接触并且在将透皮递送装置施用到皮肤之前被移除。
在优选实施方案中,当完整保留在人患者的皮肤上时透皮递送装置提供2-8天的有效疼痛治疗。
在一些实施方案中,透皮递送装置是透皮帖剂、透皮膏剂、透皮片剂(disc)、或离子电渗入透皮装置等。
术语“持续释放”在本发明中定义为阿片样激动剂以一定的速率从透皮递送装置中释放,所述释放速率使得血液(例如血浆)浓度(水平)在至少一天和例如2-8天中达到并维持在治疗范围内但低于毒性水平。
在本发明中,术语“阿片样激动剂”可以和术语“阿片样物质”或“阿片样镇痛剂”互换,并且包括阿片样物质的碱及其药用可接受盐。本发明还包括施用在患者装置中转变为活性激动剂的前药(例如醚或酯)。阿片样激动剂可以是完全激动剂、混合的激动剂—拮抗剂或部分激动剂。
在本发明中,术语“阿片样拮抗剂”包括拮抗剂的碱及其药用可接受盐。本发明还包括施用其前药。阿片样拮抗剂的实例包括例如烯丙吗啡、二烟酸烯丙吗啡、纳洛酮、纳美芬(nalmephene)、环唑星、烯丙左吗喃、纳曲酮、拉的得(nadide)、环唑星、阿米苯唑和它们的药用可接受盐以及它们的混合物。
术语“有效镇痛”在本文中定义为由人患者确定或通过使用公认的疼痛量表来确定的令人满意的减少或消除疼痛。在优选实施方案中,有效镇痛并不伴随任何副作用,或者是伴随可耐受水平的副作用,这些副作用由人患者确定。
术语“微球”在本文中是指固体(或半固体)颗粒,该颗粒含有分散在(基质型)生物相容性聚合物中或由生物相容性聚合物包被(微胶囊)的活性剂,用于使拮抗剂不可释放或基本不可释放。术语“基本不可释放”是指拮抗剂可能少量释放,只要当按预定施用透皮给药剂型时释放的量不影响或不明显影响镇痛效力即可。
术语“通量(flux)”是指化学实体例如阿片样激动剂或阿片样拮抗剂通过个体皮肤的渗透速率。
术语“乳液”在本文中是指一种液体在第二种不混溶液体中的稳定分散体。至于乳液,术语“连续相”是指外相,与作为内相的“分散相”相对。例如,如果乳液是“油包水”(w/o)乳液,则油是连续相;而在“水包油”(o/w)乳液中,水是连续相。
术语“药用可接受盐”是指在喃乳动物中、特别是在人体中具有治疗特性的阿片样激动剂或拮抗剂的任意无毒性、适合的盐。制备这样的盐对制药领域的技术人员是公知的。阿片样激动剂或阿片样拮抗剂的可用盐形式可以包括例如盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硝酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、酒石酸氢盐、乳酸盐、磷酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、琥珀酸盐、乙酸盐、palmeate、硬脂酸盐、油酸盐、棕榈酸盐、萘磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、琥珀酸盐、月桂酸盐、戊酸盐等。
在一些实施方案中,本发明还涉及制备降低滥用可能的阿片样激动剂透皮递送装置的方法,该方法包括将如本文中所公开的多个包含阿片样拮抗剂的微球掺入阿片样透皮装置中。
在一些实施方案中,本发明还涉及治疗疼痛的方法,包括将本文所描述的透皮装置施用于需要这种治疗的患者。
附图说明
图1表示本发明的透皮递送装置的一个实施方案的横截面。该装置具有不可渗透的背衬层10,例如金属箔、塑料膜或不同材料的片层。包含阿片样激动剂以及含聚合物和阿片样拮抗剂的微球11的基质层与背衬层10接触并在背衬层10下面。该实施方案的基质层用作阿片样激动剂的贮源以及粘合剂,使得该透皮递送装置能够粘附到人患者的皮肤。
图2表示本发明的透皮递送装置的一个实施方案的横截面。该装置类似于图1中所示装置,因为它具有不可渗透的背衬层13和与背衬层13接触并在背衬层13下 面的基质层15。基质层包含阿片样激动剂和含聚合物和阿片样拮抗剂的微球14。该透皮递送装置还具有与基质层接触并且与背衬层某些部分接触的独立粘合层16,使得该透皮递送装置能够粘附于人患者的皮肤。
图3表示本发明的透皮递送装置的一个实施方案的横截面。该装置具有不可渗透的背衬层17和与背衬层17接触并在背衬层17下面的基质层18。基质层包含阿片样激动剂和含聚合物和阿片样拮抗剂的微球20。基质层用作粘合剂,使透皮递送装置能够粘附于人患者的皮肤。该透皮递送装置还具有与基质层接触并在基质层下面的可除去的保护层19,该保护层在应用透皮递送装置之前被移除。
图4表示本发明的透皮递送装置的一个实施方案的横截面。该装置类似于图3中所示的装置,它具有不可渗透的背衬层21和与背衬层21接触并在背衬层21下面的基质层22。基质层包含阿片样激动剂和含聚合物和阿片样拮抗剂的微球25。另外,该透皮递送装置具有与基质层22接触并在基质层22下面的粘合层23,使透皮递送装置能够粘附于人患者的皮肤。该透皮递送装置还具有与粘合层接触并在粘合层下面的可除去的保护层24,该保护层在应用透皮递送装置之前被移除。
图5表示纳曲酮从根据实施例1制备的微球中的体内释放。
发明详述
根据本发明制备和使用的一些装置含有分散在微球中的阿片样拮抗剂。在一些实施方案中,掺入微球中的阿片样拮抗剂的量为微球(包括活性剂)的约1wt%-约90wt%,或者约5wt%-约70wt%,或者约30wt%-约50wt%。
在本发明中,阿片样拮抗剂被掺入微球中从而用于阿片样透皮递送装置中,其目的是使得当局部施用包含拮抗剂微球的完整透皮递送装置时阿片样拮抗剂不可释放或基本不可释放。微球优选包含聚合物质。可用于形成含阿片样物质的拮抗剂微球的适当聚合物包括可溶、不可溶、可生物降解或非生物降解的聚合物。优选使用药用可接受的非毒性聚合物。
可以选择聚合物的物理化学性质以提供本发明的进一步的抗滥用性。例如,酸催化聚原酸酯的水解。因此,含有包含阿片样拮抗剂的聚原酸酯微球的透皮递送装置 的含阿片样物质部分经口服摄取滥用时,在胃酸环境中将引起聚合物的降解以及阿片样拮抗剂的释放。酶促切割来催化包含多糖和蛋白质的微球降解。因此,例如,包含葡聚糖微球的透皮递送装置含阿片样物质部分经口服摄取滥用时,将引起聚合物在胃肠道中降解以及阿片样拮抗剂的释放。
基于它们的来源,可用于本发明的含阿片样拮抗剂微球的聚合物一般可分为三类,即天然、半合成和合成。天然可生物降解聚合物可进一步分为蛋白质或多糖。
代表性天然来源聚合物包括蛋白质例如玉米醇溶蛋白、改性玉米醇溶蛋白、酪蛋白、明胶、谷蛋白、白蛋白、胎球蛋白、血清类粘蛋白、糖蛋白、胶原、合成多肽和弹性蛋白。可生物降解的合成多肽包括例如聚-(N-羟烷基)-L-天冬酰胺、聚-(N-羟烷基)-L-谷酰胺、和N-羟烷基-L-天冬酰胺及N-羟烷基-L-谷酰胺与其它氨基酸的共聚物,例如与L-丙氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-酪氨酸等的共聚物。还可以使用多糖(例如纤维素、葡聚糖、聚透明质酸、脂多糖)、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物、和海藻酸。
合成改性的、天然(即半合成)聚合物包括烷基纤维素、羟烷基纤维素、纤维素醚、纤维素酯以及硝化纤维素等。
通过修饰天然聚合物以产生具有改变的物理化学性质如热胶凝性能、机械强度和降解速率的聚合物,从而产生半合成可生物降解聚合物。适用于本发明的半合成、可生物降解聚合物的实例包括改性壳聚糖复合物、硫酸软骨素-A壳聚糖复合物、和水溶性磷酸化壳聚糖(P-壳聚糖)以及它们的组合,例如海藻酸-壳聚糖。
缺少免疫原性以及更具可重复性和可预测性的物理化学性质使得合成可生物降解聚合物比天然聚合物更优选用于药物递送用途。这些聚合物可以是无毒性和可生物降解的,并且已经由这些聚合物制备递送装置。因此合成可生物降解聚合物特别适用于本发明的微球。
合成可生物降解聚合物的非限制性实例包括:聚酯、聚醚、聚原酸酯、聚(乙烯醇)、聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚丙烯酰胺、聚亚烷基二醇、聚环氧烷、聚亚烷基对苯二甲酸酯、聚乙烯醚、聚乙烯酯、聚乙烯卤化物、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙醇酸交酯、聚硅氧烷、聚交酯、聚氨酯及其共聚物。聚酯的非限制性实例包括聚乳酸、聚羟基乙 酸、聚(丙交酯-共-乙交酯)、聚己内酯(poly(e-caprolactone))、聚二氧杂环己酮(polydioxanone)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚苹果酸、聚(丙醇二酸)、聚磷腈、聚原酸酯、聚戊酸、聚丁酸(buteric acid)、聚羟基丁酸、聚羟基戊酸、聚酸酐、和用于合成任意上述聚合物的单体的共聚物,例如聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸),或羟基戊酸与聚羟基丁酸的共聚物(Zeneca的Biopol)。已经对乳酸和乙醇酸的共聚物例如聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)在药物递送装置例如微球中的用途进行了广泛的研究。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物(例如PLGA)可具有约1KD-约100KD的分子量或更大、约5KD-约60KD或约10KD-约40KD。在一些实施方案中,部分PLGA(例如10%-约90%)可具有小于20KD的分子量、或小于15KD的分子量,并且对应的剩余部分(例如90%-10%)可具有大于25KD的分子量或大于35KD的分子量。
聚己内酯可用于制备用于本发明中的微球。聚己内酯的降解速率远慢于聚乙醇酸或聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)的降解速率。聚己内酯具有与许多其它聚合物形成共混物的优异能力。聚己内酯的共聚物可用于控制药物递送装置的渗透性和机械性能。
聚醚和聚原酸酯也可用于制备用于本发明中的微球。这些聚合物已经被掺入具有不同降解速率、机械强度、孔隙率、扩散率和特性粘度的嵌段聚合物的多嵌段中。聚醚的实例包括聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇。多嵌段共聚物的实例是聚(醚酯酰胺)。另外,具有不同聚(乙二醇)含量的聚原酸酯的三嵌段共聚物对于它们在水/油(w/o)乳液中稳定性是有益的,并且当用于制备微球时具有比聚原酸酯更大的效果。其它可用的嵌段聚合物包括聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)和聚乙二醇(PEG)的二嵌段共聚物、PEG-PLGA-PEG的三嵌段共聚物、PLGA和聚赖氨酸的共聚物以及聚(酯醚)嵌段共聚物。
在一些实施方案中,可用于实施本发明的微球是球形的并且直径为约1-约500微米、约1-约300微米、约1-约200微米、约1-约100微米、约300-约500微米、约200-约500微米、约100-约500微米、约125-约200微米、或约50-约100微米。微球的尺寸可以取决于所用的聚合物类型。在一些实施方案中,微球可以是不规则形状,而不是球形,其中直径被认为是微球的最大横截面。
在一些实施方案中,用于本发明的微球包含阿片样拮抗剂的量为微球(包括活 性剂)重量的约5wt%-约70wt%。
在一些实施方案中,阿片样拮抗剂可以经微囊化而装载到微球中。根据本发明使用的微囊化技术描述于美国专利3,161,602、3,396,117、3,270,100、3,405,070、3,341,466、3,567,650、3,875,074、4,652,441、5,100,669、4,438,253、4,391,909、4,145,184、4,277,364、5,288,502和5,665,428。此外,微球还可以通过下列方法制备:溶剂蒸发,例如E.Mathiowitz et al.,J.Scanning Microscopy,4,329(1990)、L.R.Beck et al.,Fertil.Steril.,31,545(1979)以及S.Benita et al.,J.Pharm.Sci.73,1721(1984)中所述;或热熔融微囊化,如E.Mathowitz et al.,Reactive Polymers 6,275(1987)中所述;或喷雾干燥。
为了本发明的目的,微胶囊可以功能性地描述为利用膜包封内含物的小容器。膜可以由如上所述的合成、半合成或天然聚合物制成,并且可以控制内含物的释放(或提供不释放)。内含物从微胶囊的释放速率主要由囊膜的化学结构和厚度以及微胶囊的大小决定。在微胶囊制剂中,可以用包衣剂包被阿片样拮抗剂的小固体颗粒,所述包衣剂由有机聚合物、水胶体、糖、蜡、脂肪、金属或无机氧化物组成。
在一些实施方案中,利用以下体系将阿片样拮抗剂掺入微球中:油/水(o/w)乳液、水/油(w/o)乳液、油/油(o/o)乳液、油/水/油(o/w/o)乳液、油/水/水乳液,水/油/水(w/o/w)乳液或水/油/油(w/o/o)乳液等。
在一些实施方案中,利用不挥发性油和水溶性阿片样拮抗剂水溶液的微乳化将阿片样拮抗剂掺入微球中。这种乳液是“油包水”型。当乳液是“油包水”型时,油是连续相或外相而水是“分散相”或内相;“水包油”装置则相反,水是连续相。
在一些优选实施方案中,阿片样拮抗剂可以经多相乳化装置例如w/o/w而掺入微球中。阿片样拮抗剂可以掺入由复合乳液溶剂蒸发技术制备的多相微球中。在这种技术中,阿片样拮抗剂通过乳化工艺掺入可生物降解聚合物微球中。该装置适用于水溶性或水不溶性阿片样拮抗剂。
本发明的微球可以是多相聚合物微球,其中阿片样拮抗剂分散在聚合物基质中的油滴中。微球可以通过如美国专利No.5,288,502中所述的复合乳液溶剂蒸发技术来制备。该专利描述了复合乳液溶剂技术,其中药物被保护在油滴中,并且避免了接 触聚合物、有机溶剂和其它潜在的变性剂。
复合乳液是一种装置(devices),其中油分散相液滴本身含有由与水连续相相同的液体组成的更小水分散液滴。它们是乳液的乳液,具有下列性质:包埋药物容量高、保护所包埋药物、能够将不相容的物质引入到同一装置中以及延长的释放。
多种不挥发性油的任一种可用于制备微球,包括红花油、大豆油、花生油、棉籽油、芝麻油、或鱼肝油等。在一些优选的实施方案中,使用大豆油、芝麻油或红花油。油相可以由异十六烷或液体石蜡组成。油浓度影响乳液的稳定性。油百分比优选为总乳液的20-30%w/w范围时稳定性最理想。
在复合乳液工艺中,可以通过制备含阿片样拮抗剂和聚合物材料的乳液从而制备有机相。优选的是,阿片样拮抗剂分散在二氯甲烷或乙酸乙酯中的有机聚合物溶液中。然后将所产生的一级w/o乳液分散到外水相中以形成包含微球的第二乳液,所述微球包含在聚合物基质材料中的阿片样拮抗剂(即乳化入外相)。后续工艺步骤类似于o/w法。消除了将药物溶解到内水相的步骤。另外,由于内药物相仅由固体颗粒而不是药物溶液组成,因此获得的更高的理论药物载荷。
在另一个实施方案中,可以用o/w乳液工艺将阿片样拮抗剂掺入微球中。对于o/w分散法,阿片样拮抗剂分散在聚合物相中,随后在外水相中乳化。然后通过湿法筛分将微球从外水相中分离,接着洗涤并用干燥器干燥。
在一些实施方案中,本发明利用使液体或固体物质能够被聚合物胶囊化的胶囊技术。在一些优选的实施方案中,阿片样拮抗剂是结晶形式。晶体阿片样拮抗剂颗粒可以通过暴露于溶剂蒸气进行固态结晶来形成。晶体形式可以减少制剂的水含量,因此保存了阿片样拮抗剂的稳定性。晶体可以包裹在不挥发性油中并与聚合物溶液和分散油中溶剂混合。Savoir的美国专利No.6,287,693描述了形成微球并实现储存稳定性的结晶有机化合物的稳定成型颗粒。作为替代方案,可以使用产生有机化合物结晶颗粒的任意适当方法。
乳液装置的稳定性和释放特征受许多因素的影响,例如乳液组成、液滴大小、粘度、相体积和pH。可以通过在胶囊化期间改变提取介质(淬灭溶液)的体积、温度和化学组成来使药物从聚合物中迁移最小化,从而使阿片样拮抗剂的胶囊化功效最 佳。淬灭溶液的目的是在处理期间将大部分有机溶剂从微球中去除。
淬灭液体可以是普通水(plain water)、水溶液或其它合适的液体,其体积、量和类型取决于乳液相中的溶剂。淬灭液体积是饱和体积的大约10倍(即完全吸收乳液中溶剂体积所需淬灭体积的10倍)。淬灭体积变化范围可以是约2-约20倍饱和体积。
在淬灭之后,例如通过倾析或用筛分柱过滤将微球从水淬灭溶液中分离。可以使用各种其它的分离技术。
微球中残留的溶剂加速降解过程,因此减少它们的保存期。因此,微球优选用水或可与其混溶的溶剂来洗涤,以进一步去除残留溶剂,优选去除到约0.2-约2.0%的水平或更低。脂族醇例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇和它们的异构体优选用作洗涤溶液。最优选乙醇。
作为替代方案,可以通过蒸发来去除溶剂。在使用溶剂蒸发方法的实施方案中,聚合物可溶于挥发性有机溶剂中。阿片样拮抗剂分散或溶于所选聚合物与挥发性有机溶剂例如二氯甲烷的溶液中,所产生的分散体或溶液悬在含有表面活性剂例如聚乙烯醇的水溶液中,并利用温度梯度去除溶剂。
溶剂蒸发法可涉及在助溶剂装置中溶解阿片样拮抗剂和聚合物。然而,可以使用替代方法,省略掺入不可接受的有机溶剂。搅拌所得乳液直到大部分溶剂被蒸发,剩下固体微球。该溶液可以负载阿片样拮抗剂并悬于200ml含1%(w/v)聚乙烯醇的激烈搅拌的蒸馏水中。搅拌4小时后,有机溶剂从聚合物中蒸发,用水洗涤所产生的微球并在冷冻干燥机中干燥过夜。
在使用喷雾干燥法的实施方案中,可将聚合物溶于二氯甲烷中。将已知量的药物悬浮于(其中阿片样拮抗剂不可溶)或共溶于(其中阿片样拮抗剂可溶)聚合物溶液中。然后喷雾干燥分散体溶液。该方法用于1-10微米之间的小微球。
在一些实施方案中,可以使用热熔体胶囊化方法。利用该方法,首先可以将聚合物熔融然后与已经筛选至小于50微米的药物固体颗粒混合。将混合物悬浮于不混溶的溶剂中,在搅拌的同时将其加热到高于聚合物熔点5℃的温度。当乳液稳定时,将其冷却直到聚合物颗粒固化。通过石油醚倾析来洗涤所产生的微球,从而获得自由 流动的粉末。这种技术可用于聚酯、聚酸酐和具有高熔点和不同分子量的聚合物。在这种工艺中微球的典型产率为约80-90%。所产生的微球具有核壳结构。
为了产生含阿片样拮抗剂的微球,可以组合有机或油(不连续)相和水相。有机和水相很大程度上或基本不可混溶,同时水相构成乳液的连续相。有机相包括活性剂和成壁聚合物,即聚合物基质材料。通过将活性阿片样拮抗剂分散在有机溶剂中来制备有机相。有机相和水相优选在混合手段优选静态混合器的影响下组合。
可用于本发明的阿片样拮抗剂包括但不限于烯丙吗啡、烯丙吗啡二烟酸、纳洛酮、纳美芬、环唑星、烯丙左吗喃、纳曲酮、拉的得、环唑星、阿米苯唑和它们的药用可接受盐以及它们的混合物。优选的是,阿片样拮抗剂是口服可生物利用的拮抗剂,例如纳曲酮或其药用可接受盐。通过应用可生物利用的拮抗剂,透皮装置将阻止口服或肠胃外滥用。
在形成含阿片样拮抗剂的微球之后,微球被掺入含阿片样激动剂的透皮递送装置中。优选的是,微球被包括在透皮递送装置中使得它们基本不能够与含阿片样激动剂制剂的主体部分相区分(例如微球可以嵌入基质递送装置的基质中)。在一些实施方案中,阿片样激动剂是可以通过人皮肤吸收的形式,即阿片样激动剂可以有效地经皮肤途径给药。在一些实施方案中,可能需要进一步提供吸收增强剂,从而有助于透皮吸收。
在本发明的透皮递送装置中,阿片样激动剂可以通过完整皮肤表面中一般小于50nm的孔而被吸收利用,从而在长时期内提供持续的治疗水平。根据本发明制备的透皮递送装置可以根据一级药物动力学(例如,其中在规定的时期内阿片样激动剂的血浆浓度增加)、或者根据零级药物动力学(例如,其中在规定时期内血浆浓度维持在相对恒定的水平)、或根据一级和零级药物动力学而释放阿片样激动剂。
可被选择用于本发明的透皮递送装置的阿片样激动剂包括任意阿片样激动剂、混合的激动剂-拮抗剂、或部分激动剂,包括但不限于阿芬太尼、烯丙罗定、阿法罗定、苄胺哌替啶、苄基吗啡、氰苯咪呱啶、丁丙诺啡、布托啡诺、氯尼他秦、可待因、二氢去氧吗啡、右吗拉米、地佐辛、二苯丙二胺、二乙酰吗啡、二氢可待因、双氢吗啡、美诺沙多、美沙醇、甲嗯丁胺、吗苯丁酯、哌美散痛、依他佐辛、乙痛新、乙甲 噻嗯丁烯、乙基吗啡、乙氧硝唑、芬太尼、海洛因、氢可酮、氢吗啡酮、羟哌替啶、异美沙酮、羟哌替酮、羟甲左吗喃(levorphanol)、左旋苯酰甲吗喃、洛芬太尼、哌替啶、美普他酚、美他左辛、美沙酮、甲基二氢吗啡酮、吗啡、麦罗啡、那碎因(narceine)、尼可吗啡、羟啡烷、氨苯乙酮、烯丙吗啡、纳布啡(nalbuphene)、去甲吗啡、诺匹帕酮、鸦片、羟可待酮、羟吗啡酮、潘多邦、镇痛新、吗苯庚酮、羟苯乙吗喃、非那佐新、苯哌利定、去痛定、氰苯双排酰胺、propheptazine、普鲁米多、丙哌利定、丙氧芬、瑞芬太尼、舒芬太尼、替利定、曲马多、或其药用可接受盐或其混合物等。
在优选实施方案中,阿片样激动剂选自可透皮给药形式的芬太尼、丁丙诺啡、舒芬太尼(sufentanyl)、氢可酮、吗啡、氢吗啡酮、羟可待酮、可待因、羟甲左吗喃、哌替啶、美沙酮、羟吗啡酮、二氢可待因、曲马多、或其药用可接受盐或其混合物等。
任何类型的透皮递送装置均可用于根据本发明的方法中,只要在至少1天、例如2-8天的时期内获得所需的药物动力学和药效学反应即可。优选的透皮递送装置包括例如透皮帖剂、透皮膏剂、透皮片剂等。
在优选实施方案中,本发明的透皮药物递送装置是帖剂,典型为约1-约30平方厘米,优选为2-10平方厘米。术语“帖剂”用于本文中时包括具有背衬元件和压敏粘合面使得能够粘附患者皮肤的任意产品。这种产品可以是各种尺寸和结构,例如带、绷带、片等。
在本发明的透皮递送装置中,阿片样激动剂优选分散遍布整个基质(例如聚合物基质)。在这种基质装置中,阿片样激动剂的释放可以主要通过阿片样激动剂从聚合物扩散出来控制,或者通过腐蚀聚合物以释放阿片样激动剂来控制,或者通过结合这两种机制来控制。当阿片样激动剂的扩散比聚合物的腐蚀快时,药物释放由扩散控制。当聚合物的腐蚀比阿片样激动剂的扩散快时,药物释放由聚合物的腐蚀控制。如果用表面腐蚀聚合物制备递送装置,则可以通过改变装载在装置中的药物量或通过改变递送装置的几何尺寸来控制药物的释放。
通常,用于透皮递送装置的聚合物基质的聚合物是能够形成薄壁或包衣的那些聚合物,阿片样激动剂可以以受控的速率通过所述薄壁或涂层。用于制备聚合物基质 的这种聚合物的实例包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯/丙烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、硅氧烷、橡胶、橡胶样合成均聚、共聚或嵌段聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯及其共聚物、聚氨酯、聚异丁烯、氯化聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物(水凝胶)、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯-乙烯氧基乙醇共聚物、硅氧烷包括硅氧烷共聚物例如聚硅氧烷-聚甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物、纤维素聚合物(例如,乙基纤维素和纤维素酯)、聚碳酸酯、聚四氟乙烯及其混合物。
用于制备聚合物基质的优选材料是普通聚二甲基硅氧烷结构的硅氧烷弹性体,(例如硅氧烷聚合物)。优选的硅氧烷聚合物是交联并且药用可接受的那些。例如,用于制备聚合物基质层的优选材料包括硅氧烷聚合物,该硅氧烷聚合物是可交联的共聚物并具有二甲基和/或二甲基乙烯硅氧烷单元,所述单元可利用适当的过氧化物催化剂来交联。而且还优选由基于苯乙烯和1,3-二烯(特别是苯乙烯-丁二烯-嵌段共聚物的线性苯乙烯-异戊二烯-嵌段共聚物)的嵌段共聚物、聚异丁烯、基于丙烯酸酯和/或丙烯酸甲酯的聚合物构成的那些聚合物。
在一些实施方案中,聚合物基质包括药用可接受交联剂。适当的交联剂包括例如四丙氧基硅烷等。
本发明的一些实施方案包括聚合物基质层,该基质层包含阿片样激动剂以及互混的阿片样拮抗剂微球。优选的是,为了阿片样拮抗剂可生物利用,必须破坏微球的完整性。微球与聚合物基质的组合防止了阿片样拮抗剂从嵌入完整装置基质内的微球中释放。阿片样拮抗剂从微球中释放可进一步通过微球上的聚合物涂层来防止。
优选的是,本发明的透皮递送装置包含由药用可接受材料制成的背衬层,该背衬层对阿片样激动剂是不可渗透的。背衬层优选用作阿片样激动剂的保护性覆盖层并且还可以提供支撑功能。适合制作背衬层的材料的实例是高和低密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚酯例如聚(邻苯二甲酸乙二酯)的膜、金属箔、这种合适聚合物膜的金属箔叠层、和纤维织物。优选的是,用作背衬层的材料是这种聚合物膜与金属箔例如铝箔的层压制品。背衬层可以是提供所需保护和支撑功能的任意适当的厚度。适当的厚度例如是约10-约200微米。
在一些替代性实施方案中,本发明的透皮递送装置可包括包含在贮源中的微球。在这种贮源装置中,阿片样激动剂和阿片样拮抗剂微球分散在贮源中(例如液体或胶状贮源),限速可生物降解膜位于药物流路中,由此限制阿片样激动剂经皮肤的通量。这种装置可以提供恒定释放速率的阿片样激动剂,但是防止阿片样拮抗剂的释放。利用贮源装置的透皮递送装置还可具有背衬层以及任选的与基质装置一起的可移除保护层,如上所述。
用于根据本发明方法中的优选透皮递送装置优选还包括粘合层,以在所需的给药期间例如2-8天将递送装置粘附于患者皮肤。如果递送装置的粘合层在所需时期内不能提供足够的粘附,则可通过例如用粘合带例如用橡皮膏将递送装置粘附于患者皮肤,从而在递送装置和皮肤之间维持接触。是仅通过递送装置的粘合层还是通过利用外部粘合源例如橡皮膏来实现递送装置对患者皮肤的粘附,这对本发明目的而言不是关键的,只要递送装置在必要的给药期间粘附于患者皮肤即可。但是,无论如何,粘合剂必须使帖剂牢固粘附于需要治疗患者的皮肤,但是不能强烈粘合使得当去除帖剂时伤害患者。
粘合层可以选自本领域中已知的与递送装置药学相容的任意粘合剂。粘合剂优选是低变应原性的。实例包括聚丙烯酸粘合聚合物、丙烯酸共聚物(例如聚丙烯酸酯)或聚异丁烯粘合聚合物。其它可用的粘合剂包括:硅氧烷、聚异烯烃(polyisoalkylenes)、橡胶、乙酸乙烯酯、聚丁二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯(或异戊二烯)-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物橡胶、丙烯酸橡胶和天然橡胶;乙烯基高分子量材料例如聚乙烯烷基醚、聚乙酸乙烯酯;纤维素衍生物例如甲基纤维素、羰甲基纤维素以及羟丙基纤维素;多糖例如普鲁兰糖、糊精和琼脂;以及聚氨酯弹性体和聚酯弹性体。尽管这些粘合剂中的许多实际上可以互换,但是特定阿片样镇痛剂和特定粘合剂的一些组合可以提供更好的性能。
在一些实施方案中,粘合剂是压敏接触粘合剂,其优选是低变应原性的。
在一些实施方案中,透皮药物递送材料提供含药物基质和粘合剂的双重功能。在一些具有独立粘合层的实施方案中,药物将根据它对由不同层提供的不同环境的相对亲和力而遍布所有的层中(除背衬层外)。基质“层”可以由一个以上的单亚层组 成,其中阿片样物质装载在不同的层中,调整以优化它的递送特性,并且含阿片样拮抗剂的微球分散在各层中。在这种实施方案中,含药物基质直接接触皮肤并且透皮递送装置通过周围的粘合剂或基质本身保持在皮肤上。
在一些实施方案中,本发明的透皮递送装置包括渗透增强剂。渗透增强剂是促进阿片样激动剂通过皮肤渗透和/或吸收从而进入患者血流中的化合物。由于这些渗透增强剂,几乎所有的药物在某种程度上可以透皮给药。通常,渗透增强剂的特征在于:4-12个碳原子的单价支化或非支化脂族、脂环族或芳族醇;4-10个碳原子的脂环族或芳族醛或酮、C10-20碳的环烷基酰胺、脂族、脂环族和芳族酯、N,N-二-低级烷基亚砜、不饱和油、萜和乙二醇硅酸盐。渗透增强剂的非限制性实例包括聚乙二醇、表面活性剂等。
阿片样激动剂的渗透也可以通过将递送装置施加到患者的期望部位之后利用封闭带(occlusive bandage)封闭递送装置来增强。还可以通过削剪、刮或利用脱毛剂将施用部位的毛发去除来增强渗透。增强渗透的另一种途径是对粘附帖剂的部位加热,例如用红外灯。增强阿片样激动剂渗透的其它方法包括使用离子电渗入手段。
在一些实施方案中,透皮递送装置包括软化剂,以改变粘附点处的皮肤从而促进药物吸收。适当的软化剂包括高级醇例如十二醇、十一醇、辛醇、羧酸酯,其中醇组分也可以是聚乙氧基化醇、二羧酸的二酯例如己二酸二正丁基酯(di-n-butyladiapate)和甘油三酯,特别是辛酸/癸酸的中链甘油三酯或椰子油。适当软化剂的其它实例是多价醇,例如乙酰丙酸、辛酸、甘油和1,2-丙二醇,这些醇还可以被聚乙二醇来醚化。
在一些实施方案中,阿片样激动剂的溶剂包括在本发明的透皮递送装置中。优选的是,溶剂将阿片样激动剂溶解到足够的程度,由此避免完全形成盐。适当溶剂的非限制性实例包括具有至少一个酸性基团的溶剂。二羧酸的单酯例如戊二酸单甲酯和己二酸单甲酯是特别适合的。
可以包括在本发明的透皮递送装置中的其它药用可接受化合物包括粘度增强剂,例如纤维素衍生物、天然或合成树胶例如瓜耳胶等。
在本发明一些实施方案中,透皮递送装置还包括可移除保护层。可移除保护层 在施用前被去除,并且可以由生产上述背衬层的材料构成,只要它们能够移除即可,例如通过硅氧烷处理。可移除保护层的其它实例是聚四氟乙烯、处理过的纸、水铝英石、聚氯乙烯等。通常,可移除保护层与粘合层接触,并且为维持粘合层的完整性直到期望的应用时间提供一种方便的手段。
为了在给药期间维持所需的通量速率,必须在透皮递送装置中包括实质性大于在期望时间内递送给患者的量的“过量”活性剂,这在透皮递送装置领域中是公知的。例如为了在三天时间内维持所需的通量速率,需要考虑在透皮递送装置中包括远大于100%的三天剂量的活性剂。剩余活性剂保留在透皮递送装置中。透皮递送装置中存在的活性剂仅有一部分可以被吸收到皮肤中。
术语“过量”在本发明中是指包含在透皮递送装置中并且没有递送给患者的阿片样激动剂的量。过量对于产生足够的浓度梯度是必须的,通过这种梯度,活性剂将从透皮递送装置迁移通过患者皮肤以产生充分治疗效果。
优选的是,本发明的透皮递送装置用于以恒定或脉冲的方式向患者长时间给药、释放阿片样激动剂,然而包含在微球中的阿片样拮抗剂保持不可释放或基本不可释放。
可与阿片样激动剂组合使用的非阿片样镇痛剂是例如乙酰氨基酚、非那西汀和非甾体抗炎药。适当的非甾体抗炎药包括阿司匹林、布洛芬、双氯芬酸、奈普生、苯 洛芬、氟比洛芬、苯氧苯丙酸、flubufen、酮洛芬、吲哚洛芬、吡洛芬(piroprofen)、卡洛芬、丙嗪、pramoprofen、muroprofen、trioxaprofen、舒洛芬、氨布洛芬、噻洛芬酸、氟洛芬、布氯酸、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、托美丁、佐美酸、硫平酸、齐多美辛、阿西美辛、芬替酸、环氯茚酸、oxpinac、甲芬那酸、甲氯芬那酸、氟芬那酸、尼氟灭酸、托芬那酸、二氟尼柳(diflurisal)、氟苯柳、吡罗昔康、舒多昔康或伊索昔康、它们的药用可接受盐以及它们的混合物。其它适合的非甾体抗炎药包括COX-2抑制剂例如塞来昔布、DUP-697、氟舒胺、美洛昔康、6-MNA、L-745337、洛芬昔布、萘丁美酮、尼美舒利、NS-398、SC-5766、T-614、L-768277、GR-253035、JTE-522、RS-57067-000、SC-58125、SC-078、PD-138387、NS-398、氟舒胺、D-1367、SC-5766、PD-164387、etoricoxib、valdecoxib、parecoxib、它们的药用可接受盐以及它们的 混合物。
可以与阿片样激动剂组合的其它活性剂可以是例如止吐/抗眩晕剂,例如氯丙嗪、奋乃静、三氟丙嗪、丙氯拉嗪、三乙基甲哌吡丙嗪(triethylperazine)、赛克利嗪、美其敏、东莨菪碱、苯海拉明、安其敏、dimenhydrate、曲美苄胺;5-HT3受体拮抗剂例如奥丹西隆、格雷西隆、多拉司琼;抗焦虑药例如安宁、苯并二氮类、丁螺旋酮、羟嗪和多虑平等。
可以想到的是,可以通过如上述在基质中包括贮源、和/或在粘合层中包括含阿片样拮抗剂的微球来修饰先前已知的透皮递送装置,从而减少滥用这种装置的可能。例如用于根据本发明中的透皮递送装置可以利用下列文献中所描述的某些方面:Hille等人的美国专利No.5,240,711;Hidaka等人的美国专利No.5,225,199;Gale等人的美国专利No.4,588,580;Sharma等人的美国专利No.5,069,909;Chien等人的美国专利No.4,806,341;Drust等人的美国专利No.5,026,556;和McQuinn,R.L.et al.″Sustained Oral Mucosal Delivery in Human Volunteers″J.Controlled Release;(34)1995(243-250)。
本发明还涉及利用不同活性剂/拮抗剂组合(即非阿片样物质)以阻止滥用所述活性剂的本文公开的透皮给药形式。例如,当苯并二氮类被用作本发明透皮给药形式的活性剂时,不可释放的苯并二氮类拮抗剂可以配制在透皮给药形式中。当巴比妥酸盐被用作本发明透皮给药形式的活性剂时,不可释放的巴比妥酸盐拮抗剂可以配制在透皮给药形式中。当苯丙胺被用作本发明透皮给药形式的活性剂时,不可释放的苯丙胺拮抗剂可以配制在透皮给药形式中。
术语“苯并二氮类”是指苯并二氮类以及能够抑制中枢神经系统的苯并二氮 衍生的药物。苯并二氮类包括但不限于三唑安定、溴安定、利眠宁(chlordiazepoxied)、氯氮、地西泮、舒乐安定、氟西泮、氟乙安定、酮唑、氯羟安定、硝基安定、去甲羟基安定、环丙安定、氟硫安定、羟基安定、三唑仑、哌醋甲酯及其混合物。
可用于本发明中的苯并二氮类拮抗剂包括但不限于氟马西尼。
巴比妥酸盐是从巴比妥酸(2,4,6-三氧六氢嘧啶)衍生的镇静催眠药。巴比妥酸盐 包括但不限于阿米妥、阿普比妥(aprobarbotal)、仲丁巴比妥、布他比妥、甲己炔巴比妥、甲苯比妥、甲巴比妥、戊巴比妥、苯巴比妥、司可巴比妥及其混合物。
可用于本发明中的巴比妥酸盐拮抗剂包括但不限于苯丙胺,如本文中所描述。
兴奋剂是指刺激中枢神经系统的药物。兴奋剂包括但不限于苯丙胺类,例如苯丙胺、右旋苯丙胺树脂复合物、右旋苯丙胺、甲苯丙胺、利他林及其混合物。
本发明还涉及利用拮抗剂以外的不利药剂(adverse agents)以阻止滥用活性剂的本文公开的透皮给药形式。术语“不利药剂”是指以可释放形式给药时可以产生不愉快的作用。除拮抗剂以外,不利药剂的实例包括催吐剂、刺激剂和苦味剂。
催吐剂包括但不限于吐根和阿朴吗啡。
刺激剂包括但不限于辣椒素、辣椒素类似物及其混合物。辣椒素类似物包括树脂毒素(resiniferatoxin)、亭牙毒素、庚酰异丁酰胺、庚酰愈创木基酰胺、其它异丁酰胺或愈创木基酰胺、二氢辣椒素、单香草基辛酯、壬酰香草基酰胺及其混合物。
苦味剂包括但不限于香精油,调味芳香物,油树脂,植物、叶、花的提取物,水果香精,蔗糖衍生物,三氯蔗糖衍生物,硫酸奎宁,苯甲硫胺及其组合。
下文的实施例并不以任何方式来限制本发明。
实施例1
根据在本实施例中公开的程序,利用不同分子量的丙交酯/乙交酯(65∶35)聚合物(40 KD、40 KD并具有0.01%氯化钙、40 KD和低分子量(约10 KD)的50∶50共混物以及11 KD)来制备多批次负载纳曲酮的微球。
利用水包油包水(w/o/w)双乳液溶剂提取/蒸发技术来制备加载纳曲酮的微球。在本方法中,纳曲酮溶于含0.05%(w/v)聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为乳化剂的磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)(pH7.4)中,并且与含聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)的乙酸乙酯混合。利用超声波处理15秒来实施乳化。所产生的乳液被进一步注射到含0.05%(w/v)PVA作为乳化剂的PBS(pH7.4)中,从而产生w/o/w双乳液。然后在恒温下搅拌该分散液30分钟。为了将乙酸乙酯从第一乳液萃取到外相中,以3ml/分钟的速度连续加入 含0.05%(w/v)pVA的第二缓冲液(pH7.4)。利用低温循环器在整个溶剂萃取/蒸发阶段维持第二乳液的温度恒定。利用真空过滤收集所产生的载有纳曲酮的微球并且用PBS洗涤三次。然后将微球真空干燥过夜并储存在4℃。
微球的纳曲酮负载在表1中列出。
表1
聚合物 | 全部微球的纳曲酮载量 |
40KD | 42.2% |
40KD和0.01%氯化钙 | 42.3% |
40KD和低分子量(约10KD) 的50∶50共混物 | 39.3% |
11KD | 28.8% |
实施例2
将实施例1中制备的微球暴露于模拟提取条件下,以测定纳曲酮从微球的体外释放程度。利用0.5N NaCl、pH6.5的磷酸缓冲溶液来实施提取。样品量为100mg微球,在0.5、1和4小时时测量纳曲酮的释放。结果在表2和图5中列出。
表2
聚合物 | Ntx含量 (每100mg微球) | 30分钟的释放 | 1小时的释放 | 4小时的释放 |
40KD | 28.8mg 以碱计 | 54.7% | 57.8% | 64.6% |
40KD和0.01% 氯化钙 | 42.2mg 以碱计 | 0 | 1.2% | 1.2% |
40 KD和低分子量 (约10 KD) 的50∶50共混物 | 39.3mg 以碱计 | 6.4% | 7.6% | 14.0% |
11KD | 42.3mg 以碱计 | 2.4% | 3.5% | 5.9% |
基于从任意给定微球制剂中释放的拮抗剂量,可以调整加载在微球中的拮抗剂的量,以便当篡改使用时获得期望量的释放。
实施例3(预示性)
微球制备如下。将纳曲酮与必要量的明胶、Tween80和水混合,并加热。然后将混合物分散在单硬脂酸铝、Span80和大豆油的混合物中,以形成微乳液。利用微射流仪来均化微乳液。之后,将微乳液分散在PLGA-乙腈溶液中。然后通过在大气压下蒸发将乙腈从乳液中去除,由此形成待掺入透皮递送装置中的含纳曲酮微球。
实施例4(预示性)
根据LTS GMBH的1996年7月4日公开的WO 96/19975中所公开的内容,通过加入在实施例1中制备的含纳曲酮的微球来制备透皮帖剂,如下所示:
将下列物质均化:1.139g的47.83w/w%具有自交联丙烯酸共聚物的聚丙烯酸酯溶液,所述共聚物含有丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、乙酸乙烯酯、丙烯酸(溶解剂:比例为37∶26∶26∶4∶1的乙酸乙酯∶庚烷(heptan)∶异丙醇∶甲苯∶乙酰丙酮化物);100g乙酰丙酸;150g油酸油醇酯;100g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;150g乙醇;200g乙酸乙酯和100g丁丙诺啡碱。搅拌混合物约2小时,然后视觉观察以确定所有的固体物质均被溶解。如若需要,通过后称重和添加乙酸乙酯补充溶剂的方法来控制蒸发损失。之后,使混合物与上述实施例1中制备的纳曲酮微球组合。然后将该混合物转移到420mm宽的透明聚酯箔。通过热空气干燥去除溶剂。之后,用聚酯箔覆盖密封膜。在适当的切割工具帮助下切成约16cm2的表面。
虽然已经描述并参考一些优选的实施方案举例说明了本发明,但是本领域技术人员将理解,可以做出许多修改而不偏离本发明精神和范围。这种变化被认为是在所附权利要求的范围之内。
Claims (27)
1.一种透皮递送装置,包含:
包含有效量阿片样激动剂的含药层和分散在含药层中的多个微球,所述微球包含阿片样拮抗剂,其中所述微球具有直径1-300μm的平均大小。
2.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中所述多个微球包含分散在聚合物基质中的阿片样拮抗剂。
3.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中所述微球还包含选自以下的聚合物:聚酯、聚醚、聚原酸酯、多糖、环糊精、壳聚糖、聚(ε-己内酯)、聚酸酐、白蛋白、它们的共混物和共聚物以及它们的混合物。
4.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中所述微球由阿片样拮抗剂和选自以下的聚合物组成:聚酯、聚醚、聚原酸酯、多糖、环糊精、壳聚糖、聚(ε-己内酯)、聚酸酐、白蛋白、它们的共混物和共聚物。
5.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中所述微球由分散在聚合物基质中的阿片样拮抗剂组成。
6.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中所述微球具有直径125-200μm、50-100μm、1-200μm或1-100μm的平均大小。
7.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中如果所述透皮递送装置被咀嚼、浸泡、刺穿、撕裂、或经受破坏微球完整性的任意其它处理时,阿片样拮抗剂变为可以释放。
8.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中当所述透皮递送装置被咀嚼、压碎或溶于溶剂中、或经受破坏微球完整性的任意其它处理,并以口服、鼻内、肠胃外或舌下给药时,阿片样激动剂的作用至少部分被阻滞。
9.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中阿片样拮抗剂是稳定的结晶颗粒的形式。
10.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中微球均匀地分散在含药层内。
11.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中阿片样激动剂选自芬太尼、舒芬太尼、丁丙诺啡、氢可酮、吗啡、氢吗啡酮、羟可待酮、可待因、羟甲左吗喃、哌替啶、美沙酮、羟吗啡酮、二氢可待因、曲马多、其药用可接受盐、及其混合物。
12.权利要求1或11的透皮递送装置,其中阿片样拮抗剂选自纳曲酮、纳洛酮、纳美芬、地利洛非、戊烯二氢吗啡、环丙诺啡、alazocine、奥昔啡烷、cyclophan、烯丙吗啡、纳布啡、丁丙诺啡、环丁羟吗喃、环唑星、镇痛新、烯丙左吗喃、其药用可接受盐、及其混合物。
13.权利要求12的透皮递送装置,其中阿片样拮抗剂是纳曲酮或其药用可接受加成盐。
14.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中当粘附于人患者皮肤时,阿片样镇痛剂为提供2-8天镇痛的有效量。
15.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中含药层是基质层。
16.权利要求15的透皮递送装置,其中所述基质包含选自下列物质的材料:聚乙烯、聚丙烯、乙烯/丙烯共聚物、乙烯/丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、硅氧烷、橡胶、橡胶样合成均聚、共聚或嵌段聚合物、聚丙烯酸酯及其共聚物、聚氨酯、聚异丁烯、氯化聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、氯乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、乙烯-乙烯氧基乙醇共聚物、硅氧烷、纤维素聚合物、聚碳酸酯、聚四氟乙烯及其混合物。
17.权利要求16的透皮递送装置,其中聚甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物是水凝胶,和/或硅氧烷是选自聚硅氧烷-聚甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物的硅氧烷共聚物,和/或纤维素聚合物是乙基纤维素或纤维素酯。
18.权利要求2的透皮递送装置,其中基质选自硅氧烷聚合物、可交联的硅氧烷聚合物、具有可交联的二甲基和/或二甲基乙烯基硅氧烷单元的共聚物、基于苯乙烯和1,3-二烯的嵌段共聚物、聚异丁烯、基于丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物。
19.权利要求15的透皮递送装置,还包含与基质层邻接和接触并且治疗活性剂可渗透的粘合层。
20.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中含药层是粘合层和/或贮源层。
21.权利要求20的透皮递送装置,其中所述贮源层还包含速率控制膜层,所述膜层叠合在贮源层上并且与贮源层具有共同边界。
22.权利要求21的透皮递送装置,其中所述贮源层还包含与膜层邻接和接触并且治疗活性剂可渗透的粘合层。
23.权利要求19的透皮递送装置,还包含覆盖并粘附于粘合层的保护层,并且所述保护层可以从粘合层去除从而使用透皮递送装置。
24.权利要求1的透皮递送装置,其中透皮递送装置是选自透皮帖、透皮膏、透皮片、离子电渗入透皮装置的装置。
25.根据权利要求1的透皮递送装置在制造用于治疗疼痛的药剂中的用途。
26.透皮递送装置在制造用于防止滥用阿片样激动剂透皮递送装置的药剂中的用途,包括制作权利要求1的透皮递送装置。
27.权利要求1-24中任一项的透皮递送装置的用途,用于制备为需要镇痛的患者提供镇痛的药剂。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US54719604P | 2004-02-23 | 2004-02-23 | |
US60/547,196 | 2004-02-23 | ||
PCT/US2005/004741 WO2005081825A2 (en) | 2004-02-23 | 2005-02-15 | Abuse resistance opioid transdermal delivery device |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1921814A CN1921814A (zh) | 2007-02-28 |
CN1921814B true CN1921814B (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
Family
ID=34910866
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2005800057047A Active CN1921814B (zh) | 2004-02-23 | 2005-02-15 | 抗滥用阿片样物质透皮递送装置及其制药用途 |
Country Status (27)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20080233178A1 (zh) |
EP (3) | EP1718258B1 (zh) |
JP (2) | JP2007523167A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100789227B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1921814B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE426399T1 (zh) |
AU (2) | AU2005216053B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0507210A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2556624C (zh) |
CY (3) | CY1109155T1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602005013490D1 (zh) |
DK (3) | DK2074989T3 (zh) |
ES (3) | ES2447547T3 (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1097177A1 (zh) |
HR (3) | HRP20090363T1 (zh) |
HU (1) | HUE030128T2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL177452A (zh) |
LT (1) | LT2351555T (zh) |
ME (2) | ME01116B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO338647B1 (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ549576A (zh) |
PL (3) | PL1718258T3 (zh) |
PT (3) | PT1718258E (zh) |
RS (3) | RS55297B1 (zh) |
SI (3) | SI2351555T1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005081825A2 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA200606251B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (90)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7776314B2 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2010-08-17 | Grunenthal Gmbh | Abuse-proofed dosage system |
DE10361596A1 (de) | 2003-12-24 | 2005-09-29 | Grünenthal GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gegen Missbrauch gesicherten Darreichungsform |
DE10336400A1 (de) | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-24 | Grünenthal GmbH | Gegen Missbrauch gesicherte Darreichungsform |
DE102005005446A1 (de) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-10 | Grünenthal GmbH | Bruchfeste Darreichungsformen mit retardierter Freisetzung |
AU2005202477B2 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-12-15 | Vital Health Sciences Pty Ltd | Alkaloid formulations |
DE102004019916A1 (de) * | 2004-04-21 | 2005-11-17 | Grünenthal GmbH | Gegen Missbrauch gesichertes wirkstoffhaltiges Pflaster |
DE102004032049A1 (de) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-19 | Grünenthal GmbH | Gegen Missbrauch gesicherte, orale Darreichungsform |
CA2575587C (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2014-06-17 | Vital Health Sciences Pty Ltd | Carrier for enteral administration |
US8252321B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2012-08-28 | Chrono Therapeutics, Inc. | Biosynchronous transdermal drug delivery for longevity, anti-aging, fatigue management, obesity, weight loss, weight management, delivery of nutraceuticals, and the treatment of hyperglycemia, alzheimer's disease, sleep disorders, parkinson's disease, aids, epilepsy, attention deficit disorder, nicotine addiction, cancer, headache and pain control, asthma, angina, hypertension, depression, cold, flu and the like |
EP1802258A4 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2015-09-23 | Chrono Therapeutics Inc | BIOSYNCHRONE TRANSDERMAL MEDICINES |
DE102005005449A1 (de) | 2005-02-04 | 2006-08-10 | Grünenthal GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gegen Missbrauch gesicherten Darreichungsform |
US20090239827A1 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2009-09-24 | Esra Ogru | Compounds having lipid lowering properties |
WO2006133506A1 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-12-21 | Vital Health Sciences Pty Ltd | A carrier comprising one or more di and/or mono-(electron transfer agent) phosphate derivatives or complexes thereof |
CA2629046C (en) * | 2005-12-13 | 2014-04-08 | Biodelivery Sciences International, Inc. | Abuse resistant transmucosal drug delivery device |
KR101486228B1 (ko) * | 2006-06-19 | 2015-01-26 | 알파마 파머슈티컬스 엘엘씨 | 약제학적 조성물 |
KR101230804B1 (ko) | 2006-07-21 | 2013-02-08 | 바이오딜리버리 사이언시스 인터내셔널 인코포레이티드 | 향상된 흡수를 갖는 경점막 전달 장치 |
WO2008063301A2 (en) * | 2006-10-11 | 2008-05-29 | Alpharma, Inc. | Pharmaceutical compositions |
DE102007021549A1 (de) * | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-13 | Novosis Ag | Transdermales therapeutisches System enthaltend mindestens zwei Opioide |
US8623387B2 (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2014-01-07 | Medrx Co., Ltd. | External preparation composition comprising fatty acid-based ionic liquid as active ingredient |
BRPI0906467C1 (pt) | 2008-01-25 | 2021-05-25 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | forma de dosagem farmacêutica com formato exterior modificado resistente à ruptura e com liberação controlada |
CN102026629B (zh) * | 2008-03-25 | 2015-01-14 | 帝国制药株式会社 | 透皮吸收制剂 |
US20090246265A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-01 | Alltranz Inc. | Abuse deterrent transdermal formulations of opiate agonists and agonist-antagonists |
EP2298313A4 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2013-08-21 | Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co | PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR EXTERNAL APPLICATION CONTAINING PROCHLORPERAZINE |
EP2296624A1 (de) * | 2008-06-09 | 2011-03-23 | Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH | Neue emulsionen zur herstellung von arzneimitteln |
US20110311630A1 (en) * | 2008-06-09 | 2011-12-22 | Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh | Novel embedment particles for inhalation |
JP5667183B2 (ja) | 2009-07-22 | 2015-02-12 | グリュネンタール・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | 加熱溶融押出成型した制御放出性投与剤型 |
CN102639118B (zh) | 2009-07-22 | 2015-07-29 | 格吕伦塔尔有限公司 | 氧化稳定的抗干扰剂型 |
EP2531047A4 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2014-03-19 | Phosphagenics Ltd | CARRIER WITH AN UNINUTRALIZED TOCOPHERYL PHOSPHATE |
CN103025321A (zh) * | 2010-03-23 | 2013-04-03 | 生物联合制药公司 | 快速溶解的药物释放系统 |
US20110244022A1 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2011-10-06 | Phosphagenics Limited | Transdermal delivery patch |
NZ602572A (en) | 2010-03-30 | 2014-11-28 | Phosphagenics Ltd | Transdermal delivery patch |
JP2013523780A (ja) * | 2010-04-02 | 2013-06-17 | オールトランツ インコーポレイティド | オピエートアゴニスト及びアゴニスト−アンタゴニストの乱用抑止性経皮製剤 |
JP5686986B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-07 | 2015-03-18 | 久光製薬株式会社 | 経皮投与製剤 |
CN103269688A (zh) | 2010-09-02 | 2013-08-28 | 格吕伦塔尔有限公司 | 包含无机盐的抗破碎剂型 |
DK2640389T3 (en) | 2010-11-17 | 2015-03-09 | Hexal Ag | Transdermal therapeutic system comprising buprenorphine |
KR101424163B1 (ko) | 2010-12-24 | 2014-08-01 | 주식회사 삼양바이오팜 | 수난용성 약물 함유 서방성 마이크로입자 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2012122586A1 (en) | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Phosphagenics Limited | New composition |
EP2729148A4 (en) | 2011-07-06 | 2015-04-22 | Parkinson S Inst | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR TREATING SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE |
WO2013017242A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2013-02-07 | Grünenthal GmbH | Tamper-resistant tablet providing immediate drug release |
NO2736495T3 (zh) | 2011-07-29 | 2018-01-20 | ||
US8703177B2 (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2014-04-22 | Biodelivery Sciences International, Inc. | Abuse-resistant mucoadhesive devices for delivery of buprenorphine |
MX365818B (es) | 2011-11-23 | 2019-05-30 | Therapeuticsmd Inc | Formulaciones y terapias de reemplazo hormonal de combinacion naturales. |
US9301920B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2016-04-05 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Natural combination hormone replacement formulations and therapies |
AU2012327231B2 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2015-09-24 | Purdue Pharma L.P. | Pharmaceutical dosage forms comprising poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and polyethylene oxide |
US9901539B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2018-02-27 | Biodelivery Sciences International, Inc. | Transmucosal drug delivery devices for use in chronic pain relief |
BR112014019988A8 (pt) | 2012-02-28 | 2017-07-11 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Forma de dosagem resistente a socamento compreendendo um composto farmacologicamente ativo e um polímero aniônico |
AR090695A1 (es) | 2012-04-18 | 2014-12-03 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Forma de dosificacion farmaceutica resistente a la adulteracion y resistente a la liberacion inmediata de la dosis |
US10064945B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2018-09-04 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Thermoformed, tamper-resistant pharmaceutical dosage form containing zinc |
US10806740B2 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2020-10-20 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Natural combination hormone replacement formulations and therapies |
US20130338122A1 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2013-12-19 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Transdermal hormone replacement therapies |
US20150196640A1 (en) | 2012-06-18 | 2015-07-16 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Progesterone formulations having a desirable pk profile |
US10806697B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2020-10-20 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Vaginal inserted estradiol pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
US10471072B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2019-11-12 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Vaginal inserted estradiol pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
US11266661B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2022-03-08 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Vaginal inserted estradiol pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
US10568891B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2020-02-25 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Vaginal inserted estradiol pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
US10537581B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2020-01-21 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Vaginal inserted estradiol pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
US11246875B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2022-02-15 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Vaginal inserted estradiol pharmaceutical compositions and methods |
US9180091B2 (en) | 2012-12-21 | 2015-11-10 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Soluble estradiol capsule for vaginal insertion |
US10105487B2 (en) | 2013-01-24 | 2018-10-23 | Chrono Therapeutics Inc. | Optimized bio-synchronous bioactive agent delivery system |
AU2014273227B2 (en) | 2013-05-29 | 2019-08-15 | Grunenthal Gmbh | Tamper-resistant dosage form containing one or more particles |
MX2015016254A (es) | 2013-05-29 | 2016-04-20 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Forma de dosificacion resistente al uso indebido con perfil de liberacion bimodal. |
KR20160031526A (ko) * | 2013-07-12 | 2016-03-22 | 그뤼넨탈 게엠베하 | 에틸렌-비닐 아세테이트 중합체를 함유하는 템퍼 내성 투여형 |
GB2521334B (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2018-06-20 | Univ Swansea | Topical drug patch including microspheres |
JP6480936B2 (ja) | 2013-11-26 | 2019-03-13 | グリュネンタール・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | クライオミリングによる粉末状医薬組成物の調製 |
SI3096746T1 (sl) * | 2014-01-22 | 2019-07-31 | 4P Therapeutics | Transdermalni sistemi za odvračanje od zlorabe in napačne uporabe |
MX2016014738A (es) | 2014-05-12 | 2017-03-06 | Gruenenthal Gmbh | Formulacion en capsula de liberacion inmediata resistente a alteraciones que comprende tapentadol. |
US10206932B2 (en) | 2014-05-22 | 2019-02-19 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Natural combination hormone replacement formulations and therapies |
EA201692388A1 (ru) | 2014-05-26 | 2017-05-31 | Грюненталь Гмбх | Лекарственная форма в виде множества частиц, защищенная от вызываемого этанолом сброса дозы |
US10071090B2 (en) | 2014-07-18 | 2018-09-11 | Buzzz Pharmaceuticals Limited | Oxymorphone transdermal patch |
US10010543B1 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2018-07-03 | Barr Laboratories, Inc. | Transdermal dosage form |
EP3250258A4 (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2018-09-05 | Chrono Therapeutics, Inc. | Drug delivery methods and systems |
JP2018511127A (ja) | 2015-03-12 | 2018-04-19 | クロノ セラピューティクス インコーポレイテッドChrono Therapeutics Inc. | 渇望入力及び支援システム |
EA035434B1 (ru) | 2015-04-24 | 2020-06-15 | Грюненталь Гмбх | Защищенная от применения не по назначению лекарственная форма с немедленным высвобождением и устойчивостью к экстракции растворителями |
US10328087B2 (en) | 2015-07-23 | 2019-06-25 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Formulations for solubilizing hormones |
CA2998259A1 (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2017-03-16 | Grunenthal Gmbh | Protecting oral overdose with abuse deterrent immediate release formulations |
US10980799B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2021-04-20 | Pain Therapeutics, Inc. | Crystalline salts of naloxone and naltrexone |
WO2017053936A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-03-30 | Pain Therapeutic, Inc. | Cocrystals of naloxone and naltrexone |
GB201520390D0 (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-06 | Euro Celtique Sa | Composition |
JP6882321B2 (ja) | 2015-12-09 | 2021-06-02 | フォスファージニクス リミテッド | 医薬製剤 |
AU2017241891B2 (en) | 2016-03-28 | 2021-08-12 | Cormedix Inc. | Field sterilizer and vascular connector kit |
AU2017239645A1 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2018-10-18 | Therapeuticsmd, Inc. | Steroid hormone pharmaceutical composition |
WO2017173044A1 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | Therapeuticsmd Inc. | Steroid hormone compositions in medium chain oils |
AU2017336776A1 (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2019-03-21 | Chrono Therapeutics Inc. | Transdermal drug delivery device for delivering opioids |
CA3045702A1 (en) | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Phosphagenics Limited | Phosphorylation process of complex alcohols |
KR102279552B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-28 | 2021-07-19 | 히사미쓰 세이야꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 부토르파놀 함유 첩부제 |
CA3049529A1 (en) | 2017-01-06 | 2018-07-12 | Chrono Therapeutics Inc. | Transdermal drug delivery devices and methods |
WO2019090125A2 (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-05-09 | Chrono Therapeutics Inc. | Smart abuse-deterrent transdermal drug delivery system |
EP3801732A4 (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2022-04-27 | Morningside Venture Investments Limited | DRUG DELIVERY METHODS AND SYSTEMS |
US11000479B2 (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-05-11 | Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Corp. | Injectable long-acting naltrexone microparticle compositions |
GR1009871B (el) * | 2019-07-30 | 2020-11-12 | Φαρματεν Α.Β.Ε.Ε. | Φαρμακευτικο σκευασμα που περιλαμβανει μικροσφαιριδια ναλτρεξονης και μεθοδος παρασκευης αυτου |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5149538A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-09-22 | Warner-Lambert Company | Misuse-resistive transdermal opioid dosage form |
US5236714A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1993-08-17 | Alza Corporation | Abusable substance dosage form having reduced abuse potential |
EP0330180B2 (en) * | 1988-02-24 | 1999-03-03 | Biomaterials Universe, Inc. | Polylactic acid type microspheres containing physiologically active substance and process for preparing the same |
WO2002094172A2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-11-28 | Euro-Celtique | Compartmentalized dosage form |
Family Cites Families (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3405070A (en) | 1961-01-30 | 1968-10-08 | Ibm | Process for preparation of microcapsules |
NL128865C (zh) | 1961-09-05 | |||
US3270100A (en) | 1962-08-01 | 1966-08-30 | Delvan Mfg Company | Method for making capsules by interfacial polymerization |
US3396117A (en) | 1965-09-07 | 1968-08-06 | Amp Inc | Encapsulation technique |
US3341466A (en) | 1966-10-31 | 1967-09-12 | Brynko Carl | Process for making capsules |
US3567650A (en) | 1969-02-14 | 1971-03-02 | Ncr Co | Method of making microscopic capsules |
US3875074A (en) | 1972-03-06 | 1975-04-01 | Champion Int Corp | Formation of microcapsules by interfacial cross-linking of emulsifier, and microcapsules produced thereby |
US3966940A (en) * | 1973-11-09 | 1976-06-29 | Bristol-Myers Company | Analgetic compositions |
US4145184A (en) | 1975-11-28 | 1979-03-20 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Detergent composition containing encapsulated perfume |
US4277364A (en) | 1975-12-22 | 1981-07-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Encapsulation by entrapment |
US4391909A (en) | 1979-03-28 | 1983-07-05 | Damon Corporation | Microcapsules containing viable tissue cells |
US4457933A (en) * | 1980-01-24 | 1984-07-03 | Bristol-Myers Company | Prevention of analgesic abuse |
FR2519985A1 (fr) * | 1982-01-15 | 1983-07-22 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Procede perfectionne de fabrication de l'e-caprolactone |
US4438253A (en) | 1982-11-12 | 1984-03-20 | American Cyanamid Company | Poly(glycolic acid)/poly(alkylene glycol) block copolymers and method of manufacturing the same |
JPS60100516A (ja) | 1983-11-04 | 1985-06-04 | Takeda Chem Ind Ltd | 徐放型マイクロカプセルの製造法 |
US4588580B2 (en) | 1984-07-23 | 1999-02-16 | Alaz Corp | Transdermal administration of fentanyl and device therefor |
US4626539A (en) | 1984-08-10 | 1986-12-02 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Trandermal delivery of opioids |
US4806341A (en) | 1985-02-25 | 1989-02-21 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Transdermal absorption dosage unit for narcotic analgesics and antagonists and process for administration |
US5955109A (en) * | 1985-12-18 | 1999-09-21 | Advanced Polymer Systems, Inc. | Methods and compositions for topical delivery of retinoic acid |
US4780320A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1988-10-25 | Pharmetrix Corp. | Controlled release drug delivery system for the periodontal pocket |
US5026556A (en) | 1988-11-10 | 1991-06-25 | Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions for the transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical actives |
US5240711A (en) | 1989-11-29 | 1993-08-31 | Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Transdermal therapeutic system comprising as active component buprenorphine |
EP0484543B1 (en) | 1990-04-24 | 1995-12-13 | Teijin Limited | Plaster |
US5069909A (en) | 1990-06-20 | 1991-12-03 | Cygnus Therapeutic Systems | Transdermal administration of buprenorphine |
SE9003665D0 (sv) | 1990-11-16 | 1990-11-16 | Kabivitrum Ab | Morphine prodrugs |
US5288502A (en) * | 1991-10-16 | 1994-02-22 | The University Of Texas System | Preparation and uses of multi-phase microspheres |
DE4446600A1 (de) | 1994-12-24 | 1996-06-27 | Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts | Transdermale Resorption von Wirkstoffen aus unterkühlten Schmelzen |
US5665428A (en) | 1995-10-25 | 1997-09-09 | Macromed, Inc. | Preparation of peptide containing biodegradable microspheres by melt process |
KR0162872B1 (ko) * | 1996-04-01 | 1998-12-01 | 김은영 | 용매추출법을 이용한 생분해성 고분자 미립구의 개선된 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 국소염증 질환 치료용 미립구의 제조방법 |
US5968547A (en) | 1997-02-24 | 1999-10-19 | Euro-Celtique, S.A. | Method of providing sustained analgesia with buprenorphine |
US5919473A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1999-07-06 | Elkhoury; George F. | Methods and devices for delivering opioid analgesics to wounds via a subdermal implant |
US7011843B2 (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 2006-03-14 | Lts Lohmann-Therapie Systeme Ag | Method for protecting a human being against health impairment by ingestion of a transdermal therapeutic system |
ME00527B (me) * | 1997-12-22 | 2011-10-10 | Euro Celtique Sa | Oralni dozni oblik sa kombinacijom opijatnog agonista i antagonista |
US6287693B1 (en) | 1998-02-25 | 2001-09-11 | John Claude Savoir | Stable shaped particles of crystalline organic compounds |
US6306425B1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2001-10-23 | Southern Research Institute | Injectable naltrexone microsphere compositions and their use in reducing consumption of heroin and alcohol |
US6716449B2 (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2004-04-06 | Euro-Celtique S.A. | Controlled-release compositions containing opioid agonist and antagonist |
PT2277521E (pt) * | 2000-02-08 | 2015-07-01 | Euro Celtique Sa | Formulações orais de agonistas de opióides resistentes a adulteração |
SI2062573T1 (sl) * | 2001-05-01 | 2012-02-29 | Euro Celtique Sa | Proti zlorabi odporni transdermalni sistemi, ki vsebujejo opioid |
US7332182B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2008-02-19 | Purdue Pharma L.P. | Pharmaceutical formulation containing opioid agonist, opioid antagonist and irritant |
US6913760B2 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2005-07-05 | New England Medical Hospitals, Inc. | Drug delivery composition |
CA2496454A1 (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-06 | Alza Corporation | Transdermal analgesic systems with reduced abuse potential |
EA007240B1 (ru) * | 2002-06-10 | 2006-08-25 | Еуро-Селтик С. А. | Системы дезактивации активного вещества в трансдермальном средстве |
ES2290512T3 (es) * | 2002-08-09 | 2008-02-16 | Grunenthal Gmbh | Antagonistas del receptor opioide en sistemas transdermicos que contienen buprenorfina. |
EP1530469B1 (en) * | 2002-08-20 | 2009-02-25 | Euro-Celtique S.A. | Transdermal dosage form comprising an active agent and a salt and free-base form of an antagonist |
US7524515B2 (en) * | 2003-01-10 | 2009-04-28 | Mutual Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical safety dosage forms |
US20040191301A1 (en) * | 2003-03-27 | 2004-09-30 | Van Duren Albert Philip | Transdermal device having a phase change material |
KR101159828B1 (ko) * | 2003-04-30 | 2012-07-04 | 퍼듀 퍼머 엘피 | 활성제 구성요소 및 활성제 층의 원위부에 억제제 구성요소를 포함하는 내변조성 경피제형 |
US8790689B2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2014-07-29 | Purdue Pharma L.P. | Tamper resistant transdermal dosage form |
-
2005
- 2005-02-15 SI SI200532122A patent/SI2351555T1/sl unknown
- 2005-02-15 WO PCT/US2005/004741 patent/WO2005081825A2/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-15 HU HUE10010922A patent/HUE030128T2/en unknown
- 2005-02-15 EP EP05713575A patent/EP1718258B1/en active Active
- 2005-02-15 US US10/584,816 patent/US20080233178A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-02-15 BR BRPI0507210-7A patent/BRPI0507210A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-02-15 DK DK09004191.4T patent/DK2074989T3/da active
- 2005-02-15 KR KR1020067019553A patent/KR100789227B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2005-02-15 EP EP10010922.2A patent/EP2351555B1/en active Active
- 2005-02-15 LT LTEP10010922.2T patent/LT2351555T/lt unknown
- 2005-02-15 ME MEP-2009-234A patent/ME01116B/me unknown
- 2005-02-15 NZ NZ549576A patent/NZ549576A/en unknown
- 2005-02-15 PT PT05713575T patent/PT1718258E/pt unknown
- 2005-02-15 RS RS20161033A patent/RS55297B1/sr unknown
- 2005-02-15 PL PL05713575T patent/PL1718258T3/pl unknown
- 2005-02-15 ES ES09004191.4T patent/ES2447547T3/es active Active
- 2005-02-15 CN CN2005800057047A patent/CN1921814B/zh active Active
- 2005-02-15 JP JP2006554163A patent/JP2007523167A/ja active Pending
- 2005-02-15 ME MEP-2016-276A patent/ME02661B/me unknown
- 2005-02-15 PL PL09004191T patent/PL2074989T3/pl unknown
- 2005-02-15 RS RS20140048A patent/RS53159B/en unknown
- 2005-02-15 PT PT90041914T patent/PT2074989E/pt unknown
- 2005-02-15 ES ES05713575T patent/ES2324719T3/es active Active
- 2005-02-15 SI SI200531823T patent/SI2074989T1/sl unknown
- 2005-02-15 AU AU2005216053A patent/AU2005216053B2/en active Active
- 2005-02-15 AT AT05713575T patent/ATE426399T1/de active
- 2005-02-15 ES ES10010922.2T patent/ES2609688T3/es active Active
- 2005-02-15 DE DE602005013490T patent/DE602005013490D1/de active Active
- 2005-02-15 DK DK10010922.2T patent/DK2351555T3/en active
- 2005-02-15 SI SI200530703T patent/SI1718258T1/sl unknown
- 2005-02-15 RS RSP-2009/0286A patent/RS50963B/sr unknown
- 2005-02-15 CA CA2556624A patent/CA2556624C/en active Active
- 2005-02-15 PL PL10010922T patent/PL2351555T3/pl unknown
- 2005-02-15 PT PT100109222T patent/PT2351555T/pt unknown
- 2005-02-15 EP EP09004191.4A patent/EP2074989B1/en not_active Revoked
- 2005-02-15 DK DK05713575T patent/DK1718258T3/da active
-
2006
- 2006-07-28 ZA ZA200606251A patent/ZA200606251B/en unknown
- 2006-08-10 IL IL177452A patent/IL177452A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-09-21 NO NO20064272A patent/NO338647B1/no unknown
-
2007
- 2007-04-23 HK HK07104247.6A patent/HK1097177A1/xx unknown
-
2009
- 2009-06-18 CY CY20091100639T patent/CY1109155T1/el unknown
- 2009-06-24 HR HR20090363T patent/HRP20090363T1/hr unknown
- 2009-07-02 AU AU2009202684A patent/AU2009202684B2/en active Active
-
2011
- 2011-06-24 JP JP2011140151A patent/JP2011225594A/ja active Pending
-
2014
- 2014-01-23 HR HRP20140076TT patent/HRP20140076T1/hr unknown
- 2014-02-05 CY CY20141100095T patent/CY1115057T1/el unknown
-
2016
- 2016-12-05 HR HRP20161643TT patent/HRP20161643T1/hr unknown
- 2016-12-19 US US15/383,465 patent/US20170157114A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-28 CY CY20161101353T patent/CY1118392T1/el unknown
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0330180B2 (en) * | 1988-02-24 | 1999-03-03 | Biomaterials Universe, Inc. | Polylactic acid type microspheres containing physiologically active substance and process for preparing the same |
US5236714A (en) * | 1988-11-01 | 1993-08-17 | Alza Corporation | Abusable substance dosage form having reduced abuse potential |
US5149538A (en) * | 1991-06-14 | 1992-09-22 | Warner-Lambert Company | Misuse-resistive transdermal opioid dosage form |
WO2002094172A2 (en) * | 2001-05-22 | 2002-11-28 | Euro-Celtique | Compartmentalized dosage form |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1921814B (zh) | 抗滥用阿片样物质透皮递送装置及其制药用途 | |
CN101703777B (zh) | 抗破坏口服阿片样激动剂 | |
US6716449B2 (en) | Controlled-release compositions containing opioid agonist and antagonist | |
JP2009539786A5 (zh) | ||
JP6525165B2 (ja) | 乱用および誤用抑止経皮システム | |
JP2002308728A (ja) | 高分子ナノ粒子を用いた経皮吸収剤及びこれを含有する外用剤 | |
Dinarvand et al. | Preparation of biodegradable microspheres and matrix devices containing naltrexone | |
KR20170000750A (ko) | 디오스메틴 함유 마이크로니들 패치 | |
CA2400578C (en) | Controlled-release compositions containing opioid agonist and antagonist | |
MXPA06009535A (en) | Abuse resistant opioid transdermal delivery device containing opioid antagonist microspheres | |
KR20170000753A (ko) | 봉독 함유 마이크로니들 패치 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |