CN103025321A - 快速溶解的药物释放系统 - Google Patents
快速溶解的药物释放系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103025321A CN103025321A CN2011800230084A CN201180023008A CN103025321A CN 103025321 A CN103025321 A CN 103025321A CN 2011800230084 A CN2011800230084 A CN 2011800230084A CN 201180023008 A CN201180023008 A CN 201180023008A CN 103025321 A CN103025321 A CN 103025321A
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物活性剂的给药,该生物活性剂通过口服快速分散/溶解的药物释放系统用于治疗具有危象口腔条件的患者的疾病,该危象口腔条件导致吞咽口服药物形式困难,从而使得治疗所述疾病困难。具体地说,本发明公开了生物活性剂的给药,该生物活性剂通过口服快速分散/溶解的药物释放系统用于治疗具有噎膈和/或吞咽痛和/或误吸风险的患者的疾病。本发明的另一方面是生物活性剂的给药,该生物活性剂通过口服快速分散/溶解的药物释放系统用于噎膈和/或吞咽痛和/或误吸风险的治疗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物活性剂的服用,该生物活性剂通过口服快速分散/溶解的药物释放系统用于治疗具有危象口腔条件的患者的疾病,该危象口腔条件导致吞咽口服药物形式困难,从而使得治疗所述疾病困难。具体地说,本发明公开了生物活性剂的给药,该生物活性剂通过口服快速分散/溶解的药物释放系统用于治疗具有噎膈和/或吞咽痛和/或误吸风险的患者的疾病。本发明的另一方面是生物活性剂的给药,该生物活性剂通过口服快速分散/溶解的药物释放系统用于噎膈和/或吞咽痛和/或误吸风险的治疗。
背景技术
一些患者经历危象口腔条件,包括吞咽片剂和胶囊困难,从而导致口服药物形式给药的问题。这些危象口腔条件被认为是“噎膈”,表示吞咽困难的一般术语,或者更特别地是“吞咽痛”,意思是吞咽疼痛,或者是当物质如药物、食物、唾液、或鼻咽分泌物被吸入气道或呼吸道而不是消化道时的“误吸风险”。
噎膈,或者吞咽困难,是能够由多种不同的条件、损伤或疾病所引起的状况或者症状。噎膈能引起气哽,食物或液体误吸入肺中,这样能够导致肺炎(称为“吸入性肺炎”)或者口服药物的不完全给药。这些因子至少能够使患者不舒服,但是当治疗其他共存的病症时,也可能干扰患者的常规治疗或者使患者的常规治疗复杂化。许多促使或引起噎膈的原因是头部受伤、脑干病损、脑血管意外、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、肌营养不良症、大脑性瘫痪、癌症(特别是脑肿瘤)、糖尿病、药物副作用、晚期HIV感染、胃肠病症、胃食道或返流病症。估计每年超过1,000个患者由于噎膈引起窒息死亡。
处于化学疗法或放射疗法中的患有癌症的患者,或者手术后的患者很容易遭受不得不被解决的副作用如恶心或者呕吐。但是由于化学疗法或放射疗法的副作用,这些患者表现出危象口腔条件,如噎膈或者吞咽困难。此外,昂丹司琼,用于恶心或者呕吐的治疗的最推荐的生物活性剂之一,被认为是长期的治疗中诱发噎膈的药物。因此在这种情况下,特别需要去鉴别适用于昂丹司琼给药的解决办法并且去限制吞咽困难(disphagia)的风险。
头/颈损伤或AIDS的患者也经常会发生噎膈。
老年患者经常经历这种状况。随着人口老龄化,遭受噎膈的老年人逐渐增多。许多老年人可能在吞咽食物方面有困难,并且引发为噎膈病症。在许多情况下,噎膈可能引起误吸,并且误吸的物质进入肺中可能引起细菌感染,导致肺炎。
儿童患者倾向于不适应固体口服剂型的给药也是一种普遍的经历。通常,在治疗其他病症的长期治疗中使用的药物诱发噎膈。这种情况,例如,用于神经中枢系统的药物、心血管的药物、抗发炎和镇痛的药物。此外,由于儿童大部分未成熟的解剖结构,儿童由于机械气道阻塞引起死亡和损伤的风险是最高的(Tarrago,2000)。他们没有发育完全的用于咀嚼的牙齿,而且缺乏磨牙。另外,他们的气管小,他们咀嚼能力更低,相比年龄更大的孩子和成年人,他们的呼吸速率要高(Gregori,2008)。因此,误吸是儿童的真正风险。
噎膈经常能够由于卫生和饮食方法或者生物活性剂如质子泵抑制剂(PPI)、抗H2(anti-H2)或胃肠动力促进剂被改善。然而,这些药物涉及副作用(医原性病理学),必须避免长期使用。
PPIs是酸性胃分泌物的非常强的抑制剂。在糜烂性食道炎或者消化性狭窄(peptic stenosis)的治疗中,PPIs被特别地说明。它们也能够基于长期使用,但是它们有强烈的医原性作用,也能够引起患者意识错乱。对于年龄超过80的老人,他们不应该使用太长时间。这些药物为奥美拉唑(omegrazole)、兰索拉唑(lanzopra-zole)和泮托拉唑(pantoprazole)。
抗H2对症状的60%是有效的,且随着时间有效性降低。这些药物为西咪替丁、雷尼替丁、法莫替丁或者尼扎替丁。它们也有强烈的医原性作用,显著地唾液分泌减少,并且它们必须在肌酸清除率下降的患者中谨慎地处理,随着年龄增加,肌酸清除率的下降越来越频繁。
胃肠动力促进剂和抗H2s是一样有效的,但是有相同的缺陷及更多的副作用(腹泻、恶心、药物相互作用)。
当噎膈是由于在长期的治疗中药物诱发的噎膈时,解决办法是抑制这种药物。这种解决办法是不幸的,不总是可能的,要视疾病的严重性而定。
传统的口服剂型,如片剂、丸剂、囊片或胶囊,设计为用于在口中短暂停留。这些剂型的活性剂的吸收发生在胃肠道,仅在剂型经历分解随后在胃液中药剂溶解后发生。这些剂型因此并不适用于患有噎膈或者吞咽困难的患者。
为了解决表现吞咽困难的患者中的生物活性成分的口服给药的问题,已经研发出液体剂型的药物的释放。实际上,液体形式比固体形式更方便吞咽。然而,处理和释放所述液体系统相比固体系统总是一个挑战。实际上,当储存时,液体剂型经常表现出不稳定性;当向病人给药时,更难将生物活性剂精确地分配剂量。因此,具有液体的方便和固体口服剂型的储存能力及剂量精确的剂型是渴望的。
然而,液体剂型仍然不适用于表现出严重吞咽困难的患者。
为了克服这缺陷,已经配制成在口中能够快速地分散的片剂。生物活性剂因此在唾液中快速地溶解以提供很容易吞咽的液体配方。然而,口服分解/分散的时间似乎是解决本领域的缺陷的重要特征。实际上,当前的分解/分散片剂的口服分解/分散的时间经常耗费几分钟,这时间太长以至于不能克服与气哽或作呕有关的风险,气哽或作呕发生在具有吞咽反射的有限控制的受试者中。
在吞咽前,有时建议提供外部的水恰在开口口服分解/分散片剂后以便加速它在口中的分解/分散。但是外部的水的供应对于危象口腔条件的患者仍然吞咽困难。
此外,经常建议儿童开口吃药时,预先用外部的水溶解口服分解/分散片剂。但是再一次,这并不适合吞咽困难的情况。
枢复宁(Zophren)是含有昂丹司琼作为生物活性成分的片剂。枢复宁是止恶心和止呕吐剂,标明用于与中度催吐的癌症化学疗法有关的恶心和呕吐的预防和手术后的恶心和呕吐的预防。枢复宁是高度特异性和选择性的血清素5-HT3受体拮抗剂,在其他已知的血清素受体中不显示具有活性并对多巴胺受体有低亲和性。
已经研发出衍生产品,Sofran(用于枢复宁口服分解片)。当放置在舌头上时,它数秒就能溶解,并且然后能够用唾液吞咽。Zofran的产品特征的概要报道在小于6岁的儿童中,由于片剂的误吸风险,在吞咽前应推荐用水或糖浆剂溶解。因此,在噎膈和误吸风险的情况下,和Zofran不完全适用。
另外,一些制作厂商已经提议能够用于释放生物活性剂的配方。大部分这些配方是设计用于剂型在口中粘附于粘膜组织的“粘膜粘结剂”配方,来自这种剂型的药物通过粘膜组织传递进入体循环中。正如美国专利No.6,750,291(Kim等)所描述,成膜剂(film-forming agents)已经用于制造药物释放配方用于经皮或透皮施用,但是这些必然涉及粘结剂组合物原位保留药剂足够长时间以引起活性成分的持续释放。美国专利No.5,800,832(Tapolsky等)描述了生物蚀解膜。这种膜有粘结剂层和非粘结剂靠背层并旨在粘附到粘膜表面。美国专利No.5,700,478,(Biegajski等)描述了适用于在粘膜相连(mucosal-lined)的体腔中使用的水溶性的压敏的粘膜粘结剂。这些粘膜粘结剂膜的所谓的优势存在于它们的吸收的转化粘液质路径中,因此它们能够绕过胃肠道,在胃肠道中药物吸收的屏障如在胃中的首过代谢和活性成分的分解。然而,这些释放系统锚定给药的新路径,并因此不能用于生物活性剂,因为它们的临床效率已经被证实用于口服给药。事实上,配制或者给药特异有益的释放系统用于生物活性剂的胃肠道吸收,而且与现存的口服给药的药物产品是生物等价的和可以互换的。
因此,表现出危象口腔条件的患者需要的是固体、非粘膜粘结剂并没有外部添加水的快速溶解的释放系统用于口服给药。
发明内容
本发明涉及被配制或给药用于生物活性剂的胃肠道的吸收的膜剂型,并且该膜剂型与现存的口服给药的药物产品是生物等价的和可以互换的。这些膜剂型是非粘膜粘结剂,他们主要通过胃肠道被吸附。最重要的,这些剂型特异地配制以满足严格的生物利用度的要求,或者与现存的口服给药的剂型是生物等效的,并由于当暴露于唾液时,它们在口中快速地分解,并不需要添加水以加速它们的分解,它们特别适用于患有噎膈的患者。
因此,在首要的实施方式中,本发明提供了一种口服快速溶解的膜,该膜含有用于治疗具有危象口腔条件的患者的疾病的活性成分。不需要添加水使活性成分容易溶解或吞咽。
在本发明的优选方面,危象口腔条件为噎膈、误吸风险、吞咽痛、化学疗法和/或放射疗法诱发的粘膜炎、头和颈或食道癌、或者减少的唾液流量。
本发明的进一步优选的目的是一种口服快速溶解的膜,该膜含有用于治疗疾病如神经病(阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癫痫症…)或肺病的活性成分。本发明的更优选的目的是一种口服快速溶解的膜,该膜含有用于治疗儿童或者老年人疾病的活性成分。患者也优选具有医原性病理学。正如通常在老人病学中,经常牵涉医原性病理学。一些药物可以例如诱发唾液分泌病损(抗抑郁剂、三环(tricyclics),抗胆碱药…),甚至口咽感觉的改变(毒素…)。
本发明的口服快速溶解的膜也适用于用以下生物活性成分中的一种或多种治疗患者,这些生物活性成分能够在长期的治疗中诱发唾液分泌减少:
本发明的另一目的是提供一种口服快速溶解的膜,该膜含有用于治疗噎膈、误吸风险、吞咽痛、化学疗法和/或放射疗法诱发的粘膜炎、头和颈或食道癌、或者唾液流量减少的活性成分。
在另一优选的实施方式中,治疗噎膈的生物活性剂为质子泵抑制剂(PPI)、抗H2或胃肠动力促进剂。
在进一步的优选实施方式中,尽管在长期治疗中生物活性剂的不利影响会诱发噎膈,但生物活性剂适合于治疗疾病。
在另一方面,本发明的口服快速溶解的膜含有生物活性剂、亲水性粘合剂和水溶性稀释剂。
在优选的实施方式中,生物活性剂选自:盐酸多内济尔、昂丹司琼、昂丹司琼基质(ondansetron base)、地氯雷他定、奥氮平、利培酮、酒石酸利伐斯的明、西地那非、伐地那非、加兰他敏、双氯芬酸钾、盐酸丁丙诺啡、脱水盐酸纳洛酮、阿普唑仑、氯硝西泮、地西泮、劳拉西泮、舒马普坦、依来曲普坦、利扎曲普坦、佐米曲普坦、那拉曲普坦、阿莫曲普坦、夫罗曲普坦、盐酸西替利嗪、氯雷他定、盐酸氨溴索、阿扑吗啡、抗坏血酸、倍他米松、咖啡因、右美沙芬、格列美脲、氢化可的松、酮替芬、洛哌丁胺、美克洛嗪、褪黑激素、奈若咪侃(neramexane)、吡罗昔康、匹可硫酸钠和锌组氨酸,或者它们的药物可接受的盐,或者它们的组合。
本发明的特别优选的生物活性剂为昂丹司琼,更优选为昂丹司琼基质。
此外,本发明的口服快速溶解的膜含有0.05%-50%重量的所述生物活性剂。
本发明的口服快速溶解的膜也含有40%-80%重量的构成亲水性粘合剂和水溶性稀释剂的一种或多种组分。亲水性粘合剂优选为聚乙烯醇,水溶性稀释剂优选为米淀粉。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明提供了一种能够在口腔中与唾液接触大约60秒内分解的非粘膜粘结剂的口服分解的膜,该非粘膜粘结剂的口服分解的膜含有昂丹司琼基质,以及亲水性粘合剂和水溶性稀释剂,还提供了一种促进所述昂丹司琼的胃肠道的吸收的方法,其中,(a)所述促进胃肠道的吸收的方法以基质的形式含有昂丹司琼;(b)所述膜含有大约4-24mg的昂丹司琼基质;(c)以配方的总重量为基准,昂丹司琼基质存在的量为大约0.05%-50%(w/w);(d)所述膜有大约从1.5至2.5小时的峰时间(Tmax),和(e)所述昂丹司琼基质在所述剂型中有大约45%至75%的绝对生物利用度(absolute bioavailability)。膜最优选含有4或8mg的昂丹司琼基质。
在以下描述中将在某种程度上阐述,并在某种程度上明显地描述,或者可以通过本发明的实践了解本发明的额外优势。通过在随附权利要求中特别指出的元素和组合的方式来实现和达到本发明的优势。应该理解的是如所要求的,前面的一般描述和下面的详细描述仅是举例和解释,并不是本发明的限制。
具体实施方式
参考本发明的优选实施方式的以下详细的描述和在此包括的实施例可以更容易地理解本发明。
定义
如说明书和随附权利要求中用到的,除非文中另外清楚地指出,单数形式“一个”“一种”和“这”包括复数的指示物。因此,例如,提到的“成分”包括成分的混合物,提到的“活性药剂”包括不止一种活性药剂等。
术语“外部添加的水”或者“外部的水”或者“添加的水”指的是不是来自唾液的水。
术语“分解”在药物领域中有其通常和惯有的意思,对于未包衣片,如在美国药典(2005USP/NF)的<701>中描述的,在37℃下在分解介质中,通过5.5cm的距离用篮子组装架(basket rack assembly)进行每分钟30个循环。当在此讨论分解的要求时,优选达到前述的测试条件,pH为4.0或6.8。膜或者其他剂型如果完全被分解,称作“解体”,测试装置的屏上或口中保留的任何残留单元的状态是软物质,该软物质没有明显的膜芯或片剂包衣的片段或胶囊壳。尽管溶解的剂量单元通常完全被分解,但分解并不因此意味着剂量单元或甚至活性成分的完全溶解。当在此参考Ph.Eur.2.9.1(分解)时,将理解为也能够使用<701>USP的以上描述的分解条件。
术语“溶解”在药物领域中也有其通常和惯有的意思,如在美国药典(2005USP/NF)的<711>和<724>中描述的。因此,基于美国药典(2005USP/NF)的方法测试,如果活性剂在溶解介质中溶解的量超过预定的百分比,则膜称为“溶解”。当给出溶解条件时,将理解为优选在II型溶解装置中,使用桨方法(paddle method)以50rpm的转速,在37℃下,在0.1N盐酸缓冲液(pH=2),或pH 1.2、pH 4.0或6.8下进行搅拌。
“口服溶解或口服分散片剂”(“ODT”)指的是为了放置在口中的未包衣片剂,如在Eur.Ph.5.0.中所描述的,在口中,它能在吞咽前快速地分散。当根据在此描述的分解测试进行测试时,ODT在3分钟内分解。
术语“非粘膜粘结剂”意思是剂型不被设计为通过口腔粘膜的活性药剂的给药。即,剂型不被设计为粘结到口腔的粘膜表面作为完整的膜或者分解的膜的残余。
术语“绝对生物利用度”指的是非静脉注射给药后(即,经口服、直肠、经皮、皮下给药后)在全身循环中的活性药物的利用度。为了测定药物的绝对生物利用度,必须进行药物代谢动力学研究以获得静脉注射(IV)给药和非静脉注射给药后药物的血浆药物浓度相对时间的曲线。绝对生物利用度是剂量矫正的非静脉注射的曲线下面积(AUC)除以静脉注射的AUC。
当在此给出药物动力学参数时(即,峰时间,绝对生物利用度等),将理解为它们指的是平均值、中间值、或者各个观察到的药物动力学,并且,除非相反说明,否则要求保护的是平均药物动力学。
除非另有说明,否则在此使用的术语“重量%”参照的是终产物(即,膜相对于用于创造它的成分),表示由主要成分贡献的总干重的百分比。由于在实践中,膜通常保留些在制备中用到的水和/或乙醇,因此,理论值不同于实验值。
当给出药物和它的盐的剂量时,将理解为计算的剂量是基于活性药物成分的分子量,在盐的情况下,活性药物成分还包括阳离子和阴离子种类,和当活性成分不以盐形式存在时,活性药物成分仅仅包括基质。另外,当参考制成药物的盐和它们的药物可接受的盐时,将理解为意指基质药物的基质形式的盐。
“危象口腔条件”意思是患者患有噎膈、吞咽痛、误吸风险、口咽念珠菌感染(oropharyngeal candidiasis)、疱疹、粘膜炎、严重的口腔溃疡(severeaphteous)和/或扁平苔癣。
“快速溶解”或者“瞬间溶解”意思是在小于60秒内溶解,更优选为在小于30秒内溶解。
本发明提供了生理学可接受的膜,当放置在患者的舌头上时,该膜特别适合快速分解,同时还适合促进药物活性剂的胃肠道吸收。膜和生物活性剂在口中不需要完全溶解。膜可以不完全溶解。
膜的特性可能为随着时间完全分解。它优选在大约给药10、20、30或60秒内分解为软的残余,之后被吞咽。当膜给药时及当用在Ph.Eur.2.9.1中所描述的方法测试分解时,优选在口腔中观察这些分解时间。速效分解和膜的吞咽有助于保证剂型的胃肠道吸收。膜不是传统的设计为转化粘液质地释放活性剂的粘膜粘结剂型。
膜配方
根据本发明的优选的膜含有药物活性剂、膜形成剂和以下额外成分中的至少一种:水,抗菌剂,水溶性稀释剂如塑化剂、软化剂和填料,调味剂,唾液刺激剂,冷却剂,稳定剂,表面活性剂,稳定剂,乳化剂,增稠剂,粘合剂,着色剂,甜味剂,芳香剂,甘油三酯类,防腐剂,聚乙烯氧化物,丙二醇等。在优选的实施方式中,膜含有既用作水溶性粘合剂又用作亲水性聚合物的一种或多种成分,例如聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇(“PEG”)、丙二醇、聚乙烯氧化物和淀粉、纤维素、明胶等。因此,当在此说明配方含有水溶性粘合剂和亲水性聚合物时,将理解为这两种剂可能是描述一种单独的成分。已完成的膜产品优选含有大约40-80重量%的这些成分,更优选含有大约50-75重量%的这些成分。活性剂优选占已完成的膜配方的5-20重量%,更优选为8-15重量%。配方也优选为“无表面活性剂”。或者,配方可能含有一种或多种表面活性剂。
优选的味觉掩蔽剂(taste masking agent)促进产品的溶解,相信有助于保持某些活性成分如多内济尔的无定形状态,优选的味觉掩蔽剂是烷基甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物例如作为丙烯酸树脂EPO销售的物质。烷基甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物优选含有二乙基氨基乙基醚残基,以干物质为基准优选含有大约20-26重量%的这种基团。
共聚物的平均分子量优选的范围大约为120,000-180,000,或者140,000-160,000,最优选为约150,000。优选的甲基丙烯酸单体包括甲基丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯。这种剂优选以大约5-25重量%的量存在于最终的膜中,优选为大约10-20重量%,更优选为大约12-18重量%。共聚物优选微粒化成平均粒径小于100、100或10微米。
另一种味觉掩蔽剂为环糊精或它的衍生物。这种成分优选以大约10-50重量%的量存在于最终的膜中,或者在可选的实施方式中,以大约10-40重量%,或者大约20-35重量%的量存在于最终的膜中。
优选的特别用于多内济尔膜的稳定剂为柠檬酸,特别是无水柠檬酸。在优选的实施方式中,终产物含有约0.5-2.0重量%的柠檬酸,或者约0.75-1.25重量%的柠檬酸。
可选地,配方可能含有一种或多种表面活性剂。
优选的药物活性剂为昂丹司琼,优选为它的基质。昂丹司琼是化学上已知的(±)1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮。以下化学结构代表它的基质。
因此,在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了一种昂丹司琼膜条(film strip),其中,昂丹司琼优选以基质形式提供以促进昂丹司琼的GI吸收。本发明也提供了能够在口腔中与唾液接触在大约60秒内分解的非粘膜粘结剂的口服分解的膜,该非粘膜粘结剂的口服分解的膜含有(±)1,2,3,9-四氢-9-甲基-3-[(2-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)甲基]-4H-咔唑-4-酮(昂丹司琼),以及亲水性粘合剂和水溶性稀释剂,还提供了一种促进所述昂丹司琼的胃肠道的吸收的方法,其中,(a)所述促进胃肠道的吸收的方法以基质的形式含有昂丹司琼;(b)所述膜含有大约4-24mg的昂丹司琼基质;(c)以配方的总重量为基准,昂丹司琼基质存在的量为大约0.05%-50%(w/w);(d)所述膜有大约从1.5至2.5小时的峰时间,和(e)所述昂丹司琼基质在所述剂型中有大约45%至75%的绝对生物利用度。膜最优选含有4或8mg的昂丹司琼基质,且优选根据在本文中描述的一般配方技术配制。
已知昂丹司琼能够以几种多形的形式存在,包括A、B、C、D和E形式。参见WO 03/093260和WO 2005/080381。意外地发现在终产物中昂丹司琼结晶纯度影响最终的膜的物理性质,特别优选高纯度的B形式。具体地,为了膜在更高的温度60℃下储存。
已检测出在快速膜(RapidFilm)中的物理变化,包括增加的刚度、弯曲和折叠,并且这些变化与峰强度的下降和B形式的纯度的下降有关。因此,在另一实施方式中看出,膜含有多形的B形式,基本上没有其他多形的形式,即,超过70%、80%、90%、95%、98%或者甚至99%的纯度。B形式能够通过X射线衍射来评估。可选地或者另外,当采用示差扫描量热法时,产品通过在244±2℃下熔融吸热(melting endotherm)来定性。
在另一实施方式中,本发明提供了使用本发明的昂丹司琼膜条的方法,该膜条用于呕吐的治疗或者预防,呕吐包括由手术后恶心和呕吐、化学疗法诱发的恶心和呕吐以及辐射诱发的恶心和呕吐而导致的呕吐。因此,本发明也提供了在人类患者中治疗或预防呕吐的方法,该方法包括向所述患者的舌头给药本发明的昂丹司琼的膜条,优选每日1-3次,本发明的昂丹司琼的膜条含有4-24mg的昂丹司琼基质,优选4mg或者8mg的昂丹司琼基质。该方法优选用额外的步骤实施,额外的步骤能促进所述昂丹司琼的胃肠道的吸收,例如用或不用水,在所述给药的大约60秒内吞咽所述膜。
本发明的其他膜的配方在国际专利WO2008/040534中限定。
实施例
给出以下实施例为了就本文所要求保护的化合物如何制成和评估,向本领域普通技术人员提供完全的公开和说明,实施例旨在是本发明的纯粹的示例而并不旨在限制发明人就他们的发明所要求保护的范围。已致力于保证对于数字的准确性(如量、温度等),但是应具有一些错误和偏差。除非另有指出,否则份是重量份,温度是在℃下或者在室温下,压力是在或者接近大气压。
实施例1:典型的昂丹司琼配方
表1描述典型的膜配方,该配方以昂丹司琼的基质的形式含有8.0mg的昂丹司琼,以便促进胃肠道的吸收。
表1昂丹司琼基质膜剂型的典型配方
枢复宁副作用报告#5566830-8来自法国的消费者或者非健康的专业人士在2007年12月10日报道了枢复宁的副作用。
男患者,57岁,患过结肠癌,用枢复宁治疗以防治恶心和呕吐。给药枢复宁后,患者经历了副作用噎膈。
如在WO2008/025926中所限定的,在唾液介质中,及在本申请的分解测试中,我们对比了Zofran与本发明的膜的溶解所需要的时间。Zofran需要2-3分钟溶解,然而本发明的含有昂丹司琼的膜需要小于60秒来溶解。
在与或不与吞咽困难有关的恶心和/或呕吐的情况下,18个人作样本回答了一些问题,旨在三种不同的盖伦派医学配方的昂丹司琼(Zofran和本发明的含有昂丹司琼的膜)之间评估它们的优选。受访的人群由12个女人和6个男人组成,年龄在25至44岁之间(平均:33岁)。
Claims (14)
1.一种口服快速溶解的膜,该口服快速溶解的膜含有:生物活性剂、亲水性粘合剂和/或水溶性稀释剂,该口服快速溶解的膜用于治疗处于导致吞咽口服药物形式困难的危象口腔条件中的患者的疾病,其中,不需要添加水来促进所述快速溶解的膜的溶解。
2.根据权利要求1所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,导致吞咽口服药物形式困难的危象口腔条件为噎膈。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,导致吞咽口服药物形式困难的危象口腔条件为误吸风险。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,导致吞咽口服药物形式困难的危象口腔条件为吞咽痛。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,导致吞咽口服药物形式困难的危象口腔条件为由于由化学疗法和/或放射疗法引起的粘膜炎。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,导致吞咽口服药物形式困难的危象口腔条件为由于减少的唾液流量。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,导致吞咽口服药物形式困难的危象口腔条件为由于头和颈或食道癌。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,该口服快速溶解的膜用于治疗噎膈。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,所述生物活性剂选自:盐酸多内济尔、昂丹司琼、昂丹司琼基质、地氯雷他定、奥氮平、利培酮、酒石酸利伐斯的明、西地那非、伐地那非、加兰他敏、双氯芬酸钾、盐酸丁丙诺啡、脱水盐酸纳洛酮、阿普唑仑、氯硝西泮、地西泮、劳拉西泮、舒马普坦、依来曲普坦、利扎曲普坦、佐米曲普坦、那拉曲普坦、阿莫曲普坦、夫罗曲普坦、盐酸西替利嗪、氯雷他定、盐酸氨溴索、阿扑吗啡、抗坏血酸、倍他米松、咖啡因、右美沙芬、格列美脲、氢化可的松、酮替芬、洛哌丁胺、美克洛嗪、褪黑激素、奈若咪侃、吡罗昔康、匹可硫酸钠和锌组氨酸,或者它们的药物可接受的盐,或者它们的组合。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,所述膜含有0.05%-50%重量的所述生物活性剂。
11.根据权利要求1-10中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,所述膜含有40%-80%重量的构成亲水性粘合剂和水溶性稀释剂的一种或多种成分。
12.根据权利要求11中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,所述亲水性粘合剂为聚乙烯醇。
13.根据权利要求11或12中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,所述水溶性稀释剂为米淀粉。
14.根据权利要求1-13中任意一项所述的口服快速溶解的膜,其中,所述膜含有昂丹司琼基质、聚乙烯醇、聚乙二醇、无水甘油、米淀粉、聚山梨醇酯、乙醇和纯水。
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BR112012024092A2 (pt) | 2016-09-06 |
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