CN1910401B - 多蒸馏器型热解废物处理系统 - Google Patents

多蒸馏器型热解废物处理系统 Download PDF

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CN1910401B
CN1910401B CN2004800239375A CN200480023937A CN1910401B CN 1910401 B CN1910401 B CN 1910401B CN 2004800239375 A CN2004800239375 A CN 2004800239375A CN 200480023937 A CN200480023937 A CN 200480023937A CN 1910401 B CN1910401 B CN 1910401B
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C·科莱
R·D·L·托里斯
T·L·科莱
D·瓦茨
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    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
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    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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    • F23G7/04—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste liquors, e.g. sulfite liquors
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括多个热解室的热解废物处理系统。所述系统适于加热至少一个热解室，而不受至少其中的另一个热解室的影响。

Description

多蒸馏器型热解废物处理系统
本申请要求于2003年8月21日提交的60/497397号美国临时专利申请的优先权，该临时专利申请作为参考整体并入本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及热解废物处理领域。
背景技术
热解是一种公知的废物处理方法。热解废物处理系统的例子可在美国专利Nos.4,759,300、5,653,183、5,868,085和6,619,214中得到。与焚烧法不同，热解是在缺氧情况下利用间接热量对废物材料进行的破坏性分解。在存在氧气的条件下用直接火焰通过焚烧法燃烧废物可能会产生爆炸，导致燃烧室内产生紊流，而所述紊流会促使释放的气体重组。在富氧环境中进行的废物焚毁使得转化非常不完全、效率也很低并且会产生有害物质。
相比之下，热解工艺最适宜地，是在基本无氧的环境中(例如，在实际真空中)采用高温将废物中的固体组分转化为固体、液体和气体的混合物，三者的比例取决于操作温度、压力、氧含量和其他条件。热解后剩余的固体残渣通常被称为焦炭。热解的汽化产物通常采用促进氧化的工艺进行进一步处理，所述工艺对这些汽化物进行“清洗”以从中除去油和其他颗粒物质，这样可使所产生的气体安全地排放到大气中。
人们长期以来都需要并且至今也没有得到的是一种改进的热解废物处理系统，该系统应具有很高的效率、易于进行维护、安全、可靠且能够处理很多种废物材料组分，并且使用相对较低的成本就可建造并安装。本发明的目的在于提供这样一种改进的热解废物处理系统。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种包括至少两个热解室的热解废物处理系统，其中所述系统适于加热至少一个热解室，而不受至少其中的另一个热解室的影响。
本发明进一步包括在热解室中热解废物的方法，包括下列步骤：在热解室中通过热解废物产生气体；并且利用在热氧化室中加热的气体至少部分地加热该热解室。
具有而言，本发明的一个方面提供一种热解废物的方法，包括：在第一和第二热解室中热解废物以产生热解废物气体；渠化引导废物气体至热氧化室中，其中，废物气体被燃烧以产生废气；和采用至少一些部分的废气部分地加热所述第一和第二热解室中的至少一个以维持热解。
在下面通过对本发明优选实施例的详细描述并结合附图，本发明的各种目的、特征、方面和优点将变得更清楚，在附图中使用相同的附图标记表示相同的部件。
附图说明
图1为热解废物处理系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
热解废物处理系统利用热解产生的气体以及在热氧化室中加热的其他气体作为热源用于进行随后的热解，在某些情况下，废物需要进行干燥。多个热解室也可以用来将检修停机时间减至最少。在某些情况下，热解处理系统可以包括至少两个热解室，其中所述系统适于加热至少一个热解室，而不受至少其中的另一个热解室的影响。此外，该系统可以适于利用在热氧化室加热的气体至少部分加热至少一个热解室，和/或至少一个干燥器。
热氧化室(“后燃室”)用于减少来自热解产生气体的污染，后燃室产生的热量随后被用于起动和维持热解过程，同时还用于干燥待热解的物质。后燃室产生的热量还用于其他下游的热驱动过程。
系统1适于选择性地使用至少两个热解室中的一个或多个的任何组合用来热解废物，这时至少其中的另一个热解室可以得到冷却，因为该热解室具有多个门，这些门可以被控制使得气体路经所有的室或经过部分室，或阻止气体经过任何室。由于气体是热解室的热源，没有气体经过该室就使得相应的热解子系统得以冷却。
图1示出了利用来自热氧化作用的热量进行热解和干燥的双蒸馏器(retort)型热解处理系统100的一部分，其包括热氧化室110、热解子系统120A和120B以及燥器130A和130B。每个热解子系统包括至少一个热解室，并且当两个子系统都在工作时，所述两个热解子系统120A和120B相互平行地工作。为系统100设置的双室允许当只有一个热解室工作时该系统能够继续对废物进行热解处理。这就使得一个热解室因维修或升级而关闭时，无需停止废物处理过程。
系统100中的两个热解子系统120A和120B位于热氧化室110相对侧。热解子系统120A和120B如此进行布置，入口121A和121B为来自热氧化室输出流的气体提供通路，使其在子系统的热解室中需要最大热量的位置处进入子系统的加热室。入口121A和121B包括一套位于子系统120A和120B的加热室和热氧化室110的燃烧器111下游处之间的可控门。这些门通向热氧化室110的气流中，以迫使一些热气体进入热解子系统120A和120B的加热室中。受压进入加热室的热气体将随后加热热解室及其容纳的废物直至热解过程产生所需要的温度。一旦热解子系统的加热室中的热气体完成对热解室中废物的加热后，就被从该加热室中引导进入干燥器130A和130B的加热室。
系统100使热解废物的方法具体化，所述方法包括通过在热解室中热解废物产生至少一部分所述气体之后，在被热氧化室中加热的气体至少部分加热的热解室中热解废物。在所述方法中，当第二热解室进行维修时在热解室内热解废物也能够发生，其中至少一部分用来加热热解室的气体由在第二热解室中热解废物产生。系统8也使一种方法具体化，所述方法包括利用至少部分用于加热热解室的气体加热用来干燥废物的干燥器，所述干燥后的废物随后将在热解室内进行热解。
还应该指出的是，图1所示实施例中采用了进料斗122。进料斗的顶部渐细而底部较宽，呈倒漏斗形构造。已经发现，这种构造的优点是可以防止料斗发生堵塞。
因此，已对热解系统的具体实施例和应用进行了披露。然而，在不偏离本发明的理念的情况下可以作出除此之外的多种变型对那些本领域的技术人员来说是显而易见的。因此，除了在所附权利要求的精神之外本发明并不受限制。此外，在解释说明书和权利要求时，所有术语均应被解释为与上下文相一致的可能的最宽范围。特别是，术语“包括”和“包含”应当以不排他的方式解释为涉及的元素、组件或步骤，表明所涉及的元素、组件或步骤可以是现有的、或是用过的或是与其他没有明确提及的元素、组件或步骤的组合。

Claims (6)

1.一种热解废物的方法，包括：
在第一和第二热解室中热解废物以产生热解气体；
渠化引导热解气体至热氧化室中，其中，热解气体在热氧化室中被燃烧以产生来自热氧化作用的热气体；和
采用至少一些部分的所述来自热氧化作用的热气体部分地加热所述第一和第二热解室中的至少一个以维持热解。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中当第二热解室进行维修时在第一热解室内进行废物热解，且一部分用来加热第一热解室的所述来自热氧化作用的热气体通过在第二热解室中热解废物产生。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，进一步包括利用一部分用于加热第一和第二热解室的所述来自热氧化作用的热气体加热用来干燥废物的干燥器，所述废物随后将在第一和第二热解室内进行热解。
4.一种热解废物处理系统，包括：
第一和第二热解室，每个第一和第二热解室携带废物流；和
热氧化室，其燃烧来自第一和第二热解室的热解气体，其中热氧化室产生热气体，这些热气体被部分地排出到所述第一和第二热解室中至少一个，以维持热解。
5.如权利要求4所述的系统，进一步包括利用至少一些来自热氧化作用的热气体以加热废物的干燥器，所述废物随后将在第一和第二热解室内进行热解。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统，进一步适于选择性地采用所述第一和第二热解室中的至少一个以热解废物，而至少一个热解室可以得到冷却。
CN2004800239375A 2003-08-21 2004-08-19 多蒸馏器型热解废物处理系统 Expired - Fee Related CN1910401B (zh)

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