CN1910354A - 涡轮复合系统 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
- F02B33/32—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type
- F02B33/34—Engines with pumps other than of reciprocating-piston type with rotary pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/005—Exhaust driven pumps being combined with an exhaust driven auxiliary apparatus, e.g. a ventilator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- F02B37/10—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump
- F02B37/105—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump at least one pump being alternatively or simultaneously driven by exhaust and other drive, e.g. by pressurised fluid from a reservoir or an engine-driven pump exhaust drive and pump being both connected through gearing to engine-driven shaft
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
- F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
- F02B39/08—Non-mechanical drives, e.g. fluid drives having variable gear ratio
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
- F02B41/02—Engines with prolonged expansion
- F02B41/10—Engines with prolonged expansion in exhaust turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D33/00—Rotary fluid couplings or clutches of the hydrokinetic type
- F16D33/06—Rotary fluid couplings or clutches of the hydrokinetic type controlled by changing the amount of liquid in the working circuit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D57/00—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders
- F16D57/04—Liquid-resistance brakes; Brakes using the internal friction of fluids or fluid-like media, e.g. powders with blades causing a directed flow, e.g. Föttinger type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
- F02D9/06—Exhaust brakes
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/4932—Turbomachine making
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19023—Plural power paths to and/or from gearing
- Y10T74/19037—One path includes fluid drive
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
- Y10T74/19—Gearing
- Y10T74/19149—Gearing with fluid drive
- Y10T74/19158—Gearing with fluid drive with one or more controllers for gearing, fluid drive, or clutch
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种涡轮复合系统,具有由内燃机驱动的曲轴;处于内燃机废气流中的废气动力涡轮机;液力耦合器,包括第一轮和第二轮,二者一起形成其中填充或者可以填充工作介质的工作室,液力耦合器在曲轴和废气动力涡轮机之间形成驱动连接,使得当填充液力耦合器的工作室时,驱动动力从废气动力涡轮机传递到曲轴。所述涡轮复合系统的特征在于具有转换装置,用于使液力耦合器的第一轮或第二轮的旋转方向反转。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涡轮复合系统(turbocompound system),即,一种在动力传动系统中通过废气动力涡轮机和连接到内燃机曲轴上的液力耦合器提高内燃机废气能量传动效率的系统。本发明涉及的系统也可以称为涡轮复合减速器系统,因为它还具有减速器功能,即,它可以在需要时对内燃机曲轴施加制动作用。
背景技术
涡轮复合系统和涡轮复合减速器系统是本领域一般技术人员公知的。特别是,后者通常具有液力耦合器,用于实现废气动力涡轮机与内燃机曲轴之间的扭矩传递。为了提供所述的制动作用,通常机械地固定液力耦合器的叶轮,从而液力耦合器在功能上变为减速器,或者废气动力涡轮机作为压缩机工作,例如参见US5884482专利说明书。对于后一种系统,在制动操作时使废气动力涡轮机的旋转方向逆转从而产生较大的制动扭矩也是公知的,例如参见美国专利4748812。
虽然这些系统在制动操作中达到一定程度的制动效果,但实际情况表明,废气动力涡轮机转换为压缩机不能对曲轴施加令人满意的均匀制动扭矩。相反,在具有固定的液力耦合器叶轮的系统中,液力耦合器在按减速器操作时产生制动扭矩,内燃机的曲轴使用该扭矩制动,该扭矩强烈取决于速度,从而也是不均匀的。
发明内容
本发明基于提供一种涡轮复合系统的目的,该系统在内燃机推进作业过程中提供特别均匀和高的制动扭矩,特别是,这可以精确地预测和调节。
本发明的目的是通过具有权利要求1特征的涡轮复合系统实现的。从属权利要求特别描述了本发明有利的和有益的限定。
本发明的涡轮复合系统包括具有被驱动曲轴的内燃机以及位于内燃机废气流中的废气动力涡轮机。液力耦合器包括一起形成工作室的第一轮和第二轮,液力耦合器在废气动力涡轮机与曲轴之间的驱动连接中被转换。工作室填充或者可以填充工作介质,特别是油,从而扭矩可以从第一轮传递到第二轮,或者从第二轮传递到第一轮,这取决于第一轮侧或第二轮侧中哪一侧被外部驱动。为了统一标志,在本发明说明书中,将位于废气动力涡轮机一侧并且特别是与废气动力涡轮机直接机械驱动连接的液力耦合器叶轮称为第一轮。相应地,本发明中所指的第二轮是位于曲轴一侧并且特别是与曲轴直接机械驱动连接或者是可以转换成这种连接的液力耦合器叶轮。
在涡轮复合工作时,废气动力涡轮机是被内燃机的废气流驱动,即,废气动力涡轮机将废气能量转换成旋转运动,并且此驱动力从液力耦合器的第一轮通过液力耦合器工作室内的工作介质传递到第二轮并且进一步传递到驱动电机曲轴,其中第一轮具有与废气动力涡轮机,即,废气动力涡轮机的涡轮机轮的驱动连接,驱动电机曲轴具有与第二轮的驱动连接。在这一方面,本发明的实施例没有与现有技术不同之处。
但是,本发明的涡轮复合系统还具有转换装置,用于使液力耦合器的第一轮或第二轮的旋转方向反向,从而在“减速器作业”过程中,即在制动力将被施加到内燃机曲轴的涡轮复合系统的工作状态中,特别是当内燃机处于推进作业时,液力耦合器的第一轮和第二轮沿彼此相反方向旋转,从而实施成反向旋转减速器。
本发明的涡轮复合系统的反向旋转减速器功能的优点是在液力耦合器的较大速度范围内形成特别大的制动扭矩和均匀的制动扭矩曲线,或者与现有技术相比更加均匀的制动扭矩曲线,例如,较大速度范围是相对于液力耦合器的输入速度。
本发明的转换装置可以按不同实施例提供。根据第一实施例,本发明的转换装置导致与废气动力涡轮机的涡轮机轮相反的旋转方向,使得液力耦合器的第一轮相对于“连接操作”反向。为此,本发明的转换装置按导流装置的形式实现,例如,按废气动力涡轮机的引导装置或引导格栅的形式。根据上述实施例,朝向废气动力涡轮机的涡轮机轮的流动被此引导格栅改变,得到所需的旋转方向反向。
根据本发明第二实施例,转换装置包括移动传动装置,或者转换装置按移动传动装置的方式实现。移动传动装置可以是根据优选实施例的换向齿轮,处于曲轴与液力耦合器第二轮之间的驱动连接中。在第一转换状态(连接操作),第二轮通过移动传动装置驱动内燃机曲轴,第二轮沿第一方向旋转。在第二转换状态,曲轴通过移动传动装置(减速器操作)驱动第二轮,在此状态第二轮沿第二旋转方向旋转,第二轮旋转方向与第一轮旋转方向相反,因为实施为换向齿轮的移动传动装置的相应完全改变。
根据另一个实施例,相应换向齿轮位于废气动力涡轮机与液力耦合器第一轮之间的驱动连接中。因此,液力耦合器的第一轮在换向齿轮的两个转换位置沿着彼此相反方向旋转。
根据本发明涡轮复合系统的另一个实施例,移动传动装置平行于液力联接,并且包括离合器,使用此离合器可以将液力耦合器的第一轮和第二轮转换成机械驱动连接,从而两个轮沿彼此相反方向旋转。因此,在减速器作业时,液力耦合器的第二轮被曲轴沿第一方向驱动,而第一轮被曲轴(间接)沿相反的第二方向驱动,从而液力耦合器作为反向旋转减速器工作。
与液力耦合器平行的离合器可以实施成片式离合器,或者也可以是液力耦合器。移动传动装置特别按具有离合器的行星齿轮的形式实施。
根据一个优选的实施例,在减速器作业时,第一轮和第二轮彼此按相反旋转方向旋转,并且速度具有不同绝对值。以这种方式实现特别高的制动力。另外,在减速器作业时,第一轮和第二轮可以沿相反旋转方向旋转,并且速度具有相同绝对值。
附图说明
下面将根据不同代表性实施例和附图更加详细地解释本发明。
图1表示本发明第一实施例,在涡轮复合作业和在减速器作业时,通过废气动力涡轮机引导格栅的引导格栅调节,具有废气动力涡轮机流入量变化;
图2表示本发明第二实施例,其中具有移动传动装置,包括在液力耦合器的第一轮和第二轮之间的离合器。
具体实施方式
图1表示根据本发明的涡轮复合系统,其中具有内燃机1,在涡轮复合作业时,通过液力耦合器3,曲轴1.1被位于内燃机1废气流中的废气动力涡轮机2额外地驱动,在第一轮3.1和第二轮3.2之间的液力耦合器工作室充满工作介质。在液力耦合器3的每一侧即在曲轴1.1与第二轮3.2之间以及在废气动力涡轮机2与第一轮3.1之间具有速度转换齿轮。如图所示,在涡轮复合作业时,废气流到废气动力涡轮机或者通过引导格栅到废气动力涡轮机的涡轮机轮的目标供应导致液力耦合器的第一轮3.1沿第一旋转方向旋转。
相反,在减速器作业时,引导废气流相对于涡轮复合作业发生变化,变化的方式是使废气动力涡轮机2的旋转方向反向,由此液力耦合器的第一轮3.1反转。相应地,如图所示,在减速器作业时,第一轮3.1和第二轮3.2沿相反方向旋转,而在涡轮复合作业时,这两个轮3.1和3.2总是沿相同方向旋转。
通过调节废气动力涡轮机的引导格栅、或者通过将废气流供应完全改变例如从第一入口改到第二入口,都可以实现废气动力涡轮机2的旋转方向反向。
图2表示转换装置的另一个实施例,此转换装置使液力耦合器3的第一轮3.1的旋转方向在减速器作业时相对于在涡轮复合作业时反向。如图所示,包括离合器4.1的移动传动装置4与液力耦合器3平行。在涡轮复合作业时,离合器移动到打开状态,从而在液力耦合器3的第一轮3.1和第二轮3.2之间没有机械驱动连接,第二轮3.2只通过液力耦合器工作室中工作介质的循环流动由第一轮3.1驱动,从而两个轮3.1和3.2沿相同方向旋转。相反,在减速器作业时,离合器4.1闭合,从而液力耦合器的第一轮3.1沿着与第二轮3.2旋转方向相反的旋转方向由曲轴1.1驱动。废气动力涡轮机由此也沿着与涡轮复合作业时旋转方向相反的方向被驱动,从而作为压缩机或“气泵”工作,继续为制动曲轴1.1提供制动扭矩。
因此,在图2所示的实施例中,在涡轮复合作业时,扭矩传递纯粹是从废气动力涡轮机2液力传递到曲轴1.1;而在减速器作业时,液力耦合器的两个轮-第一轮3.1和第二轮3.2-彼此沿相反方向被机械地驱动,液力耦合器3起到反向旋转减速器的功能。
Claims (10)
1.一种涡轮复合系统,包括:
1.1由内燃机(1)驱动的曲轴(1.1);
1.2位于内燃机(1)废气流中的废气动力涡轮机(2);
1.3包括第一轮(3.1)和第二轮(3.2)的液力耦合器(3),第一轮和第二轮一起形成其中填充或者可填充工作介质的工作室(3.3),液力耦合器(3)位于曲轴(1.1)与废气动力涡轮机(2)之间的驱动连接中,使得当液力耦合器(3)的工作室(3.3)被填充时,废气动力涡轮机(2)由废气流驱动,驱动动力从废气动力涡轮机(2)传递到曲轴(1.1);
其特征在于,
设置有转换装置,用于使液力耦合器(3)的第一轮(3.1)或第二轮(3.2)的旋转方向反向。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,转换装置包括处于废气流中的流动引导装置,所述流动引导装置改变废气的流动方向,使得废气动力涡轮机(2)的旋转方向反向,从而使液力耦合器(3)中处于废气动力涡轮机一侧的第一轮(3.1)的旋转方向反向。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,流动引导装置包括废气动力涡轮机(2)的引导格栅或引导装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,转换装置包括移动传动装置(4)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,移动传动装置(4)以换向齿轮的方式实施,其位于曲轴(1.1)与液力耦合器(3)中曲轴一侧的第二轮(3.2)之间的驱动连接中。
6.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,移动传动装置(4)按换向齿轮的方式实施,其位于废气动力涡轮机(2)与液力耦合器(3)中废气动力涡轮机一侧的第一轮(3.1)之间的驱动连接中。
7.权利要求4所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,移动传动装置(4)与液力耦合器(3)平行,并包括离合器(4.1),液力耦合器(3)的第一轮(3.1)和第二轮(3.2)利用离合器(4.1)可以转换成具有相反旋转方向的机械驱动连接。
8.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,离合器(4.1)实施成片式离合器。
9.根据权利要求7所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,离合器(4.1)实施成液力耦合器。
10.根据权利要求7到9中的任一项所述的涡轮复合系统,其特征在于,移动传动装置(4)实施为具有离合器(4.1)的行星齿轮。
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DE102004002215A DE102004002215B3 (de) | 2004-01-15 | 2004-01-15 | Antriebskraftübertragungsvorrichtung mit hydrodynamischer Gegenlaufkupplung |
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- 2004-11-27 WO PCT/EP2004/013468 patent/WO2005068800A1/de active Application Filing
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103153733A (zh) * | 2010-11-19 | 2013-06-12 | 福伊特专利公司 | 具有液压减速器的传动系统和用于调节制动转矩的方法 |
CN103397934A (zh) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-11-20 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | 内燃机废气回用装置 |
WO2015000253A1 (zh) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-01-08 | 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 | 内燃机废气回用装置 |
CN111071219A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-28 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | 制动装置、制动系统及车辆 |
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CN100430579C (zh) | 2008-11-05 |
US20070272052A1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
KR20060127883A (ko) | 2006-12-13 |
JP2007532811A (ja) | 2007-11-15 |
WO2005068800A1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
KR101127200B1 (ko) | 2012-03-29 |
EP1704309B1 (de) | 2010-01-06 |
DE102004002215B3 (de) | 2005-09-08 |
CN100447386C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
DE502005008820D1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
RU2357126C2 (ru) | 2009-05-27 |
US7647851B2 (en) | 2010-01-19 |
RU2006129490A (ru) | 2008-02-20 |
WO2005068801A1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
RU2006125423A (ru) | 2008-01-20 |
EP1704309A1 (de) | 2006-09-27 |
KR20060126348A (ko) | 2006-12-07 |
RU2354834C2 (ru) | 2009-05-10 |
US7694519B2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
JP2007518031A (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
CN1823214A (zh) | 2006-08-23 |
US20070283699A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 |
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