CN1910222B - 离子导电聚合物和包含它们的膜 - Google Patents
离子导电聚合物和包含它们的膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1910222B CN1910222B CN2005800022777A CN200580002277A CN1910222B CN 1910222 B CN1910222 B CN 1910222B CN 2005800022777 A CN2005800022777 A CN 2005800022777A CN 200580002277 A CN200580002277 A CN 200580002277A CN 1910222 B CN1910222 B CN 1910222B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- polymkeric substance
- group
- aromatic
- ionic conduction
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4012—Other compound (II) containing a ketone group, e.g. X-Ar-C(=O)-Ar-X for polyetherketones
- C08G65/4056—(I) or (II) containing sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Polyethers (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB0400626.8A GB0400626D0 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2004-01-13 | Polymer |
GB0400626.8 | 2004-01-13 | ||
PCT/GB2005/000077 WO2005068536A1 (en) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-12 | Ion-conducting polymers and membranes comprising them |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1910222A CN1910222A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
CN1910222B true CN1910222B (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
Family
ID=31503788
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2005800022777A Expired - Fee Related CN1910222B (zh) | 2004-01-13 | 2005-01-12 | 离子导电聚合物和包含它们的膜 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7736539B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1704175B1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP2007517952A (de) |
KR (1) | KR101141557B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1910222B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE411352T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2551687A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE602005010385D1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB0400626D0 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005068536A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105793295A (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2016-07-20 | 科腾聚合物美国有限责任公司 | 磺化嵌段共聚物的凝固方法 |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB0611736D0 (en) * | 2006-06-14 | 2006-07-26 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Ion-conducting membrane |
CN102634008A (zh) | 2006-08-11 | 2012-08-15 | 东丽株式会社 | 高分子电解质材料、高分子电解质成型体、膜电极复合体和固体高分子型燃料电池 |
KR100948347B1 (ko) * | 2007-11-29 | 2010-03-22 | 한국화학연구원 | 부분 가교된 수소이온 전도성 고분자 전해질 막의제조방법, 그로부터 제조된 부분 가교된 고분자 전해질막을 이용한 막-전극 접합체 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
KR101546816B1 (ko) | 2012-11-09 | 2015-08-25 | 한국화학연구원 | 부분 가지형 블록 공중합체를 포함하는 이온전도성 고분자 및 이의 용도 |
CN104761717B (zh) * | 2015-04-17 | 2018-03-20 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 一种聚芳醚酮四元共聚物及其制备方法 |
CN107658485B (zh) * | 2017-09-22 | 2020-11-24 | 深圳先进储能材料国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极及其制备方法 |
WO2019157377A1 (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-15 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Sulfonated poly(arylene ether) membranes with high monovalent salt rejection even in the presence of mixed salt feeds that contain multivalent salts |
CN115353617A (zh) * | 2022-09-07 | 2022-11-18 | 吉林省中研高分子材料股份有限公司 | 一种聚醚醚酮材料及其制备方法和应用 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5679482A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-10-21 | Dais Corporation | Fuel cell incorporating novel ion-conducting membrane |
WO2000009610A1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-24 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Blend membranes based on sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) for enhanced polymer electrochemical cells |
WO2001025312A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-04 | 2001-04-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Polyimides sulfones, membranes preparees avec ceux-ci et dispositif de pile a combustible comportant ces membranes |
WO2002025764A1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-03-28 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Ion-conducting sulfonated polymeric materials |
WO2002038650A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-16 | Toyo Boseki Kabusiki Kaisha | Compose polybenzazole possedant un groupe sulfo et/ou un groupe phosphono, composition resineuse le contenant, resine moulee, film electrolytique polymere solide, composite a couches de film electrolytique solide/catalytique electrode et procede de production dudit composite |
EP1238998A1 (de) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-09-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aromatische Polyether enthaltend Phosphonat-Gruppen sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0008894B1 (de) | 1978-09-05 | 1983-02-23 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Sulfonierte Polyaryläthersulfoncopolymere und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
JPS5536296A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-03-13 | Ici Ltd | Sulfonated polyaryletherketone |
EP0041780A1 (de) | 1980-06-10 | 1981-12-16 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Sulfonierte Polyarylätherketone |
JPS6375031A (ja) * | 1985-06-12 | 1988-04-05 | アモコ・コ−ポレイション | スルホン化ポリ(アリ−ルエ−テル)樹脂の製造方法 |
JPH0617471B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-30 | 1994-03-09 | 日東電工株式会社 | スルホン化ポリアリールエーテル系ポリマー及びその製造方法 |
GB8810202D0 (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1988-06-02 | Ici Plc | Aryl ketone monomers |
TW256843B (de) * | 1992-06-11 | 1995-09-11 | Hoechst Ag | |
GB9324731D0 (en) * | 1993-12-02 | 1994-01-19 | North West Water Group Plc | Aromatic polysulphones |
JP3724064B2 (ja) | 1996-06-28 | 2005-12-07 | 住友化学株式会社 | 燃料電池用高分子電解質及び燃料電池 |
WO1999028292A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-01 | 1999-06-10 | Acep Inc. | Sels de sulfones perfluores, et leurs utilisations comme materiaux a conduction ionique |
JP2003503510A (ja) * | 1998-08-28 | 2003-01-28 | フオスター・ミラー・インコーポレイテツド | 電気化学的用途での使用に好適な新規なイオン伝導性材料およびそれに関連する方法 |
US6982303B2 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2006-01-03 | Jochen Kerres | Covalently cross-linked polymers and polymer membranes via sulfinate alkylation |
DE10201691A1 (de) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-09-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Polymerelektrolytmembran, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und Membranelektrodenanordnung und Polymerelektrolytbrennstoffzelle, die diese umfasst |
JP3969077B2 (ja) * | 2001-04-04 | 2007-08-29 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子電解質及びその製造方法 |
JP2004131531A (ja) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Toyobo Co Ltd | スルホン酸基含有芳香族ポリエーテルケトン系化合物、それを含有する組成物、イオン伝導膜、複合体、燃料電池およびそれらの製造方法 |
GB0307623D0 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2003-05-07 | Victrex Mfg Ltd | Polymeric materials |
KR100702981B1 (ko) | 2003-04-07 | 2007-04-09 | 미쓰이 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 가교성 이온전도성 수지와, 그것을 사용하여 이루어지는이온전도성 고분자막, 결착제 및 연료전지 |
KR20060023174A (ko) * | 2003-06-30 | 2006-03-13 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 고분자 전해질 복합막, 그 제조 방법 및 그 용도 |
DE102005010411A1 (de) * | 2005-03-07 | 2006-09-14 | MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Sulfonierte Poly(arylene) als hydrolytisch und thermo-oxidativ stabile Polymere |
US20080044708A1 (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2008-02-21 | The University Of Tokyo | Hydrocarbon-based polymer for use of a fuel cell |
-
2004
- 2004-01-13 GB GBGB0400626.8A patent/GB0400626D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2005
- 2005-01-12 CN CN2005800022777A patent/CN1910222B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-01-12 EP EP05701847A patent/EP1704175B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-01-12 JP JP2006548391A patent/JP2007517952A/ja active Pending
- 2005-01-12 CA CA002551687A patent/CA2551687A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-01-12 WO PCT/GB2005/000077 patent/WO2005068536A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2005-01-12 DE DE602005010385T patent/DE602005010385D1/de active Active
- 2005-01-12 US US10/585,808 patent/US7736539B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-01-12 AT AT05701847T patent/ATE411352T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-01-12 KR KR1020067013912A patent/KR101141557B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2012
- 2012-03-01 JP JP2012045690A patent/JP5752620B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5679482A (en) * | 1994-05-23 | 1997-10-21 | Dais Corporation | Fuel cell incorporating novel ion-conducting membrane |
WO2000009610A1 (en) * | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-24 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Blend membranes based on sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) for enhanced polymer electrochemical cells |
WO2001025312A1 (fr) * | 1999-10-04 | 2001-04-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Polyimides sulfones, membranes preparees avec ceux-ci et dispositif de pile a combustible comportant ces membranes |
WO2002025764A1 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-03-28 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | Ion-conducting sulfonated polymeric materials |
WO2002038650A1 (fr) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-05-16 | Toyo Boseki Kabusiki Kaisha | Compose polybenzazole possedant un groupe sulfo et/ou un groupe phosphono, composition resineuse le contenant, resine moulee, film electrolytique polymere solide, composite a couches de film electrolytique solide/catalytique electrode et procede de production dudit composite |
EP1238998A1 (de) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-09-11 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Aromatische Polyether enthaltend Phosphonat-Gruppen sowie ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105793295A (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2016-07-20 | 科腾聚合物美国有限责任公司 | 磺化嵌段共聚物的凝固方法 |
CN105793295B (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2018-06-05 | 科腾聚合物美国有限责任公司 | 磺化嵌段共聚物的凝固方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20070196734A1 (en) | 2007-08-23 |
CA2551687A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
EP1704175A1 (de) | 2006-09-27 |
CN1910222A (zh) | 2007-02-07 |
EP1704175B1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
JP5752620B2 (ja) | 2015-07-22 |
JP2012180517A (ja) | 2012-09-20 |
ATE411352T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
JP2007517952A (ja) | 2007-07-05 |
WO2005068536A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
KR20060130099A (ko) | 2006-12-18 |
GB0400626D0 (en) | 2004-02-11 |
KR101141557B1 (ko) | 2012-05-23 |
DE602005010385D1 (de) | 2008-11-27 |
US7736539B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 |
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