CN1865033A - 混合动力车辆传动装置用双转子马达 - Google Patents

混合动力车辆传动装置用双转子马达 Download PDF

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CN1865033A
CN1865033A CNA2006100804075A CN200610080407A CN1865033A CN 1865033 A CN1865033 A CN 1865033A CN A2006100804075 A CNA2006100804075 A CN A2006100804075A CN 200610080407 A CN200610080407 A CN 200610080407A CN 1865033 A CN1865033 A CN 1865033A
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rotor
stator
battery
motor
power
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CN100564092C (zh
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格雷厄姆·霍尔
沃尔特·奥特曼
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K51/00—Dynamo-electric gears, i.e. dynamo-electric means for transmitting mechanical power from a driving shaft to a driven shaft and comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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Abstract

一种混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，在传动装置的力矩输入侧具有发动机与马达。马达有一个单一的定子与两个转子。可选择地啮合的转子离合器将转子连接起来，以在驱动方式中传递力矩。在发动机静态启动与动态启动时，转子离合器可选择地啮合与释放。

Description

混合动力车辆传动装置用双转子马达
技术领域
本发明涉及一种供混合动力车辆动力总成用的、补充内燃机传送至牵引轮的动力的、有一个定子与两个转子的牵引马达。
背景技术
混合动力电动车辆动力总成是为了提高当代汽车的碳氢化合物燃料功效，减少令人头疼的废气排放而开发的。电动感应马达与电池子系统因感应马达的坚固性与紧凑性而特别适用于这种混合动力电动车辆的动力总成。另外，感应马达的效率较高且设计简单。可以用已知的控制技术进行控制，使得马达的最有效工作范围与发动机的最有效工作范围应用于车辆牵引力矩传送中。此外，还可提供再生制动。
这类动力总成中可以使用多马达驱动，这需要两个动力逆变器与一个共用马达控制器。但是，使用多个马达会增加制造成本，产生汽车动力总成的设计问题。每个马达需要单独的动力逆变器还将事与愿违地造成动力总成的总体设计复杂化。
第6,585,066号美国专利公开了一种混合动力电动车辆用的多比率动力传递机构，其中有一个感应马达设置于内燃机与多比率传动装置之间的力矩传递路径中。马达与发动机确定了向传动装置力矩输入侧的平行的动力传递路径。传动装置包括带离合与制动机构的行星齿轮装置，构成了传动装置至车辆牵引轮的多条力矩传递路径。发动机离合器用于在车辆停下或靠惯性滑行时使发动机脱离动力总成。当车辆在低动力驱动条件下工作时，可以只用马达的动力传递路径。当车辆在靠惯性滑行的制动方式下工作时，能量可以回收。在开足马力加速的条件下，马达提供的附加的力矩加大了内燃机产生的力矩。
在第6,585,066号美国专利所公开的动力总成中，在发动机脱离时，可以用马达驱动车辆。在发动机离合器接合时，因为传动装置的齿轮产生的力矩传递路径，马达与发动机都可以驱动车辆。当电动马达在驱动车辆而动力需求要求发动机启动时，马达不仅必须维持车轮所需的力矩，而且还必须克服压缩向发动机气缸内充入的发动机燃料-空气以及发动机摩擦力所需的力矩。这种在发动机的启动周期中对马达的附加的力矩需求可以造成驱动系统力矩的急遽下降。这会造成驱动系统中的讨厌的力矩振荡。
发明内容
本发明可以降低或消除混合动力电动车辆的驱动系统在行进中启动发动机时可能遭受的力矩振荡。本发明的感应马达的转子包括一个双转子组件与一个单一的定子。第′066号专利所公开的马达的单一转子在本发明的设计中被带一个单一的定子与一个单一的逆变器的两个转子所取代。该两个转子各自独立工作，或者它们也可以通过离合器，下称转子离合器，机械地连接起来。发动机启动时的力矩动力被机械地与驱动系统分离开来。当转子各自独立工作时，它们的相对速度取决于各个马达的力矩荷载。
一个转子可以设计为大小能在发动机热再启时启动发动机。在发动机的启动周期中，另一个转子继续驱动车辆。这样，启动发动机所需的力矩荷载造成的力矩干扰便机械地与驱动系统分离。因两个转子与共用定子之间传递路径分离而可能需要的转子之间电连接很少。
发动机启动后，用于发动机启动的转子可以通过转子离合器与另一个转子机械地连接，这样两个转子都产生给车轮的力矩。还有，车辆冷启动时，两个转子是接合的。如果需要两个转子来提供再生制动的能量，它们也可以在再生制动中相接合。
在本发明的一个可选实施例中，转子是在共用定子内相对于动力总成轴线轴向隔开的。在另一个实施例中，转子是嵌套着的，一个在另一个内，从而减少了马达的装配空间。在另一个可选实施例中，如果需要将转子离合器的功能与起步离合器的功能相结合的话，对车辆起步时转子的相对转差率作了规定。
附图说明
图1是例如第6,585,066号美国专利所公开的混合动力电动车辆动力总成的示意图；
图1a是图1的示意图所示的混合动力电动车辆动力总成中可用的传动装置的示意图；
图1b是表示图1a所示的传动装置的离合器与制动器接合与释放模式的图表；
图2是本发明的混合动力电动车辆动力总成的示意图；
图2a是表示图2的示意图所示的动力总成在各种驱动方式中起步离合器、转子离合器以及发动机离合器的接合与释放模式的图表；
图3是本发明的一个可选实施例，其中用一个单一的定子与径向设置的转子；以及
图4是本发明的第二可选实施例，其中起步离合器与转子离合器的功能相结合，并且转子是在一个单一定子内相互隔开的。
具体实施方式
在图1中，标记10示意性地表示内燃机。其通过一减振机构14与发动机离合器12相连接。离合器12的力矩输出侧与牵引马达/发电机18相连接。马达/发电机18包括包围着转子16的定子20，定子与转子间有一空气间隙22。定子20通过电逆变器26与电池24电连接。逆变器将电池24的电压输出28转换成30所示的三相电压，供给定子20。
转子16与图1a所示的多比率自动传动装置的力矩输入轴32机械地相连接。
图1a中的34表示发动机的曲轴。转子16与传动装置输入轴32一起转动，输入轴又通过前进离合器36与第一行星齿轮组40的恒星齿轮38相连接。齿轮组40包括环形齿轮42，其与第二行星齿轮组46的轴架44相连接。轴架44上的行星小齿轮与恒星齿轮46以及环形齿轮50相啮合。启动链52与环形齿轮50相连接。其将力矩传递至最后的驱动行星齿轮组58的恒星齿轮54。齿轮组58的环形齿轮56，如图所示，是固定的。行星齿轮组58的轴架60与将力矩传递至各力矩输出半轴的输出差动机构62相连接。
第一行星齿轮组40包括轴架64，其与第二行星齿轮组46的环形齿轮50相连接。齿轮组46的轴架44可以由低速与倒车制动器66制动。
传动装置输入轴32可以通过直接离合器68与环形齿轮42相连接。其通过倒车离合器70与第二行星齿轮组46的恒星齿轮72相连接。
如图1b所示，图1a所示的齿轮装置的第一力矩比率是通过前进离合器36与低速-倒车制动器66的啮合而产生的。第二比率到第三比率的变化是通过应用直接离合器68实现的。前进离合器36在第一、第二、第三前进驱动操作中保持其啮合状态。
第四比率驱动，即超速驱动，是通过释放前进离合器36以及应用直接离合器68，同时应用制动器74实现的。
逆向驱动是在其他摩擦元件被释放时通过应用倒车离合器70与低速-倒车制动器66实现的。
图2是本发明的一个实施例的整个系统框图。与图1概要所示的设计不同，图2的设计包括位于一个单一定子82内的两个转子78与80。如84与86所示，每个转子均由空气间隙与定子隔开。定子82的单一逆变器如88所示。逆变器与电池电连接。
图1a概要所示的行星传动装置在图2中由方框92概要表示。图2的动力总成的发动机如94所示，发动机的电子微处理器控制器，通常称作电子控制模块(ECM)如96所示。
整个车辆系统控制器(VSC)如98概要所示。其通过数据链路100与发动机控制模块96相连接，并通过数据链路102与传动装置控制模块(TCM)104相连接。尽管在图2的系统框图的方框92中没有具体地表示出来，模块104控制图1a概要所示的离合器与制动器的应用与释放。
逆变器88通过三相电压电路与定子82电连接，如105概要所示。车辆系统控制器98与定子102电连接，如106所示。
转子离合器82，如图2所示，在啮合时与转子78与80可驱动地相连接。发动机94可以通过脱开发动机离合器110而与动力总成的其他部分相脱离。当发动机离合器110啮合时，力矩干扰被位于离合器110与发动机94之间的减震器112减弱。
在车辆启动时啮合的起步离合器，位于传动装置92的力矩输入侧，如114所示。
在电驱动方式的操作中，转子离合器108啮合，这样转子2将驱动力矩传递至传动装置的力矩输入侧为车辆提供动力。转子1在该操作中能在热重启中启动发动机，因转子力矩被通过啮合的离合器110传递至发动机。马达的转子78所产生的全部力矩都被用来驱动车辆。没有必要再设发动机启动造成的力矩干扰的允差。发动机启动周期引起的力矩干扰被与动力总成的其他部分机械地分离了。
图2a表示了各种操作方式的离合器接合模式的总结。在静态启动时，起步离合器114脱开，转子离合器接合，发动机离合器控制啮合。当车辆开动、发动机转动起始周期生效后，起步离合器接合，发动机离合器控制了啮合，转子离合器脱开。在发动机启动，车辆进入稳定状态后，起步离合器接合，转子离合器控制啮合，发动机离合器接合。
在再生制动中，起步离合器与转子离合器接合，发动机离合器脱开。
图3表示本发明的另一个实施例，其中转子与定子是在相对的径向位置嵌套着的。用来表示图3的实施例的元件的标记与说明图2的实施例所用的标记是一样的，尽管转子与定子的标记加了撇。
在图4的实施例中，转子如图2的实施例那样，是设置于径向相对位置上的。图4的实施例所用的标记加了两撇，以对应于图2的实施例的相应元件的标记。
对于所属技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的范围内可以进行修改是显而易见的。所有这样的修改及其等同物都在权利要求的范围内。

Claims (13)

1.一种混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，包括内燃机与电动牵引马达；
将动力从发动机与马达传递至车辆牵引轮的传动装置；
与马达电连接的电池系统；
牵引马达具有两个转子与一个单一定子，转子靠近定子设置，转子与定子间有一空气间隙；
传动装置的力矩输入元件与两个转子中的一个之间的力矩传递路径中的起步离合器；
用以将两个转子中的一个转子的转子力矩与另一个转子的转子力矩相结合的两个转子之间的转子离合器；以及
位于发动机的力矩传递路径中的可选择地啮合的发动机离合器。
2.一种混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，包括在共用轴线上的内燃机与电动牵引马达；
将动力从发动机与马达传递至车辆牵引轮的传动装置；
与牵引马达电连接的电池系统；
马达具有两个转子与一个单一定子，转子靠近定子设置，转子与定子间有一空气间隙；
位于两个转子中的第二个转子与传动装置之间的起步离合器；
用以将两个转子中的一个转子的转子力矩与另一个转子的转子力矩相结合的两个转子之间的转子离合器。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是两个转子设置于定子内；
转子离合器具有旋转轴线；
转子相对轴向设置，以绕旋转轴线旋转；以及
定子包围着转子。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是两个转子设置于定子内；
转子离合器具有旋转轴线；
转子相对轴向设置，以绕旋转轴线旋转；以及
定子包围着转子。
5.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是转子相对于定子径向设置，两个转子中的一个转子设置于定子内，两个转子中的另一个转子包围着定子，从而使得牵引马达的整个轴向尺寸减少。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是起步离合器与转子离合器包括共用的力矩输入与力矩输出元件。
7.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是起步离合器与转子离合器包括共用的力矩输入与力矩输出元件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是马达为三相感应马达，电池系统包括电池与逆变器；
动力逆变器与电池及定子电连接，动力逆变器具有三相电压输出，在电能从电池输送到动力逆变器时输出至定子。
9.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是马达为三相感应马达，电池系统包括电池与逆变器；
动力逆变器与电池及定子电连接，动力逆变器具有三相电压输出，在电能从电池输送到动力逆变器时输出至定子。
10.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是马达为三相感应马达，电池系统包括电池与逆变器；
动力逆变器与电池及定子电连接，动力逆变器具有三相电压输出，在电能从电池输送到动力逆变器时输出至定子。
11.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是马达为三相感应马达，电池系统包括电池与逆变器；
动力逆变器与电池及定子电连接，动力逆变器具有三相电压输出，在电能从电池输送到动力逆变器时输出至定子。
12.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是马达为三相感应马达，电池系统包括电池与逆变器；
动力逆变器与电池及定子电连接，动力逆变器具有三相电压输出，在电能从电池输送到动力逆变器时输出至定子。
13.根据权利要求7所述的混合动力电动车辆的动力总成，其特征是马达为三相感应马达，电池系统包括电池与逆变器；
动力逆变器与电池及定子电连接，动力逆变器具有三相电压输出，在电能从电池输送到动力逆变器时输出至定子。
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