CN101913323B - 具有双转子电动发电机的动力系 - Google Patents

具有双转子电动发电机的动力系 Download PDF

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CN101913323B
CN101913323B CN2010101147772A CN201010114777A CN101913323B CN 101913323 B CN101913323 B CN 101913323B CN 2010101147772 A CN2010101147772 A CN 2010101147772A CN 201010114777 A CN201010114777 A CN 201010114777A CN 101913323 B CN101913323 B CN 101913323B
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rotor
stator
torque
transmitting mechanisms
engage
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CN101913323A (zh
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J·D·亨德里克森
B·M·康伦
K·M·拉曼
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有双转子电动发电机的动力系，具体提供一种动力系，其包括发动机以及具有输入构件和输出构件的变速器。该动力系还包括电动机/发动机，该电动发电机具有可通电的定子以及第一转子和第二转子(即，双转子电动机)。两个转子都可经由该定子的通电而旋转。被称为发动机离合器的第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将发动机连接成与第一转子和第二转子其中之一共同旋转。被称为电动机离合器的第二扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将第一转子连接成与第二转子共同旋转。变速器输入构件持续连接成与第一转子和第二转子中的另一个共同旋转。

Description

具有双转子电动发电机的动力系
技术领域
本发明涉及具有双转子电动发电机的变速器。
背景技术
一种混合动力变速器是可由发动机以及与储能装置相连的电动发电机来提供动力的变速器。设计混合动力系的关键目标是使得在各种操作模式下能够具有高操作效率以满足车辆操作的各种条件。经常地，提供纯电动操作模式(即，其中车辆仅由电动机提供动力)和纯发动机操作模式。还可提供混合动力操作模式，其中发动机和电动机都增加动力。所期望的是在执行各种操作模式以最佳地满足车辆动力需求而同时保持平稳过渡的效率。
发明内容
提供一种动力系，其包括发动机以及具有输入构件和输出构件的变速器。该动力系还包括电动发电机，该电动发电机具有可通电的定子、第一转子和第二转子(即，双转子电动机)。两个转子都可借助定子的通电而旋转。被称为发动机离合器的第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将发动机连接成与第一转子和第二转子其中之一共同旋转。被称为电动机离合器的第二扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将第一转子连接成与第二转子共同旋转。变速器输入构件持续连接成与第一转子和第二转子中的另一个共同旋转。
优选地，所述转子和所述定子同心；所述第一转子在所述定子的径向外侧，所述第二转子在所述定子的径向内侧。
优选地，所述第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第一转子共同旋转。
优选地，所述第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第二转子共同旋转。
优选地，所述转子和所述定子与所述转子的旋转中心线同轴且所述转子不相互同心；并且所述第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第一转子共同旋转。
优选地，所述动力系包括操作地连接至所述定子的电池；其中当所述第一扭矩传递机构不接合而所述第二扭矩传递机构接合时提供电动车辆操作模式，并且在该模式中所述电池对所述定子通电以致使所述第一转子和所述第二转子旋转。
优选地，由被通电的定子产生的旋转定子场在施加至所述变速器的扭矩相对较高时旋转得快于所述第一转子和所述第二转子，并且在施加至所述变速器输入构件的扭矩相对较低时旋转得快于连接成与所述变速器输入构件共同旋转的另一个转子。
优选地，所述动力系进一步包括操作地连接至所述定子的电池；其中通过接合所述第一扭矩传递机构并在所述第一转子的速度与被通电定子的旋转定子场的速度基本相同时接着接合所述第二扭矩传递机构而在电动车辆操作模式期间利用电池动力起动所述发动机。
优选地，通过在所述发动机运行时接合所述第一扭矩传递机构而不接合所述第二扭矩传递机构来提供电动扭矩变换器操作模式，从而所述第一转子产生所述定子的定子场并相对于该定子的该定子场旋转，从而使该定子场为所述第二转子提供动力以驱动所述变速器。
优选地，通过在所述发动机运行时接合两个扭矩传递机构并且将所述电池定子场控制成使得所述电池选择性地为所述第二转子增加动力和接收来自所述第二转子的动力以分别实现电动辅助模式或再生制动模式，来提供操作模式。
在某些实施例中，第一转子在定子的径向外侧，第二转子在定子的径向内侧。发动机离合器在某些这样的实施例中选择性地可接合至第一转子，而在其它实施例中选择性地可接合至第二转子。在另一实施例中，转子布置成与定子轴向相邻，使得转子和定子与转子的旋转中心线同轴，并且转子不相互同心。在该实施例中，发动机离合器选择性地可接合以将发动机连接成与第一转子共同旋转。
根据本发明的第二方面，还提供一种混合动力车辆动力系，包括：发动机；具有输入构件的机械式非混合动力变速器；电池；逆变器；电动发电机，该电动发电机具有：定子，该定子选择性地由所述电池通过所述逆变器提供动力以产生定子场并选择性地通过所述逆变器向所述电池提供动力；第一转子和第二转子，其响应于在所述定子中产生的定子场相对于彼此可旋转，所述定子场响应于所述电池提供的动力而产生；发动机离合器，其选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与转子中的一个共同旋转；以及第二扭矩传递机构，其选择性地可接合以将所述转子连接成相互共同旋转；其中选择性地接合所述扭矩传递机构并且向所述定子提供动力提供了纯电动操作模式、发动机起动模式、电动扭矩变换器模式、电动辅助模式以及再生制动模式。
根据本发明的再一方面，提供一种混合动力系，包括：发动机；变速器，其具有输入构件并且特征在于不存在任何电动发电机；电动发电机，其具有单个定子和通过所述定子可旋转的双转子；其中所述电动发电机位于所述发动机与所述变速器输入构件之间并可操作地与所述发动机和所述变速器输入构件连接，并且具有通过单个定子可旋转的双转子。
优选地，在所述混合动力系中，所述转子和所述定子同心；第一转子在所述定子的径向外侧，第二转子在所述定子的径向内侧。
优选地，在所述混合动力系中，第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与第一转子共同旋转。
优选地，在所述混合动力系中，第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与第二转子共同旋转。
优选地，在所述混合动力系中，所述转子和所述定子与所述转子的旋转中心线同轴且所述转子不相互同心；并且第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与第一转子共同旋转。
可对动力系进行控制以提供适于高扭矩水平的电动车辆操作模式、适于低扭矩水平的电动车辆操作模式、发动机起动模式、电动扭矩变换器模式(即，在该模式中，转子中的一个通过快于定子旋转而在定子中产生电，被通电的定子接着驱动另一转子，从而转子相对于定子并相对于彼此“滑移”，这与扭矩变换器类似)、电动辅助模式以及再生制动模式。动力系通过消除对按照低滑移速度控制摩擦离合器的需求并代之以按照近同步速度应用发动机离合器而确保良好的车辆发动质量。纯电动操作模式不需要离合器接合，从而通过减少发热而提高系统效率。对于高扭矩应用，发动机可用作原动机以降低对电池容量的依赖。
优选地，利用包括电池、功率逆变器和控制器的单组功率电子器件对定子提供动力。变速器可以是不具有任何附加电动发电机的机械变速器(即，具有可操作成在变速器输入构件与变速器输出构件之间建立固定速度比的齿轮组和扭矩传递机构的变速器)。因而，通过减少部件并使双转子电动机与常规(即，非混合动力)变速器潜在结合，可降低总体成本。
结合附图从实施本发明的最佳模式的以下详细说明将很容易清楚本发明的以上特征和优点以及其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1是动力系的第一实施例的示意图；
图2是动力系的第二实施例的示意图；以及
图3是动力系的第三实施例的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照附图，其中在所有这几个附图中相同附图标记指代相同部件。图1示出动力系10，其具有相互之间操作地连接的发动机12、变速器14以及电动发电机16。发动机12为任何类型的内燃发动机，例如汽油机或柴油机。变速器14为常规机械变速器。也就是说，其包括多个齿轮以及选择性地可接合的扭矩传递机构而不包括任何电动发电机，该扭矩传递机构是可控的以提供输入构件18与变速器输出构件20之间的多个固定速度比。
在图1的实施例中，发动机输出构件22与变速器输入构件18和变速器输出构件20同轴，从而形成公共旋转轴线24。电动发电机16位于发动机12与变速器14之间。电动发电机16包括定子26，其接地至诸如电动机壳体的静止构件28。第一转子30和第二转子32相互同心地定位并与定子26相邻。第一转子30位于定子26的径向外侧，第二转子32位于定子的径向外侧。定子26以及转子30、32为环形并绕旋转轴线24同心地定位。如在图1中所观察到的，图1中仅示出了转子30、32和定子26的一部分，表示了沿旋转轴线24剖切的剖面而未示出旋转轴线24下方的转子30、32和定子26的镜像部分。
定子26操作地连接至包括电池36、控制器38和逆变器40的功率电子器件34。控制器38响应于由传感器等转送至控制器的车辆操作状态而控制逆变器40和电池36以经由逆变器40在电池36和定子26之间传递电力。逆变器40经由三相电动机布线42连接至定子26。如以下进一步所述，电池36中储存的电力可输送至定子26(即，定子26可由电池36通电)，从而对定子通电并形成虚线所示的旋转定子场37，或者定子26可向电池36输送所产生的电力，从而将转子30、32其中之一或二者的扭矩转换成所储存的电力。定子场37如图1中所示环绕定子26，并绕旋转轴线24旋转。
被称为发动机离合器44的第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将发动机输出构件22连接成与第一转子30共同旋转。称为电动机离合器46的第二扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将第一转子30连接成与第二转子32共同旋转。发动机离合器44和电动机离合器46都由控制器38控制(为清楚起见在图中未示出控制器38与离合器44、46之间的布线连接)，或者由单独控制器控制，以与受控定子26一起建立动力系10的各种操作模式，如以下进一步所述。
图2示出了动力系10A的第二实施例，除电动发电机16A和扭矩传递机构布置成将第一扭矩传递机构(发动机离合器44A)连接成与第二转子32共同旋转并将变速器输入构件18连接成与第一转子30共同旋转外，动力系10A的每个方面和功能都与本文关于动力系10所述的相同。
图3示出动力系10B的第三实施例，除电动发电机16B具有与定子26B轴向相邻放置的双轴转子30B、32B而不是同心转子30、32以外，动力系10B的每个方面和功能都与本文关于动力系10所述的相同。
再次参照图1，本文论述了动力系的各种操作模式。应当理解，动力系10A和10B通过以相似方式利用对应构件而提供了相同的操作模式。
首先，在不接合发动机离合器44而接合电动机离合器46时，建立电动车辆操作模式，该模式适于其中在变速器输出构件20处需要相对较高扭矩的操作状态。不管发动机12是否运行或是否在旋转都可能出现该模式。控制器38通过逆变器40和电动机布线42建立从电池36至定子26的电力供应，以建立比转子30、32更快旋转的定子场37。因而，定子场37驱动转子30、32，转子30、32转而在变速器输入构件18处提供扭矩。因此，其上安装有动力系10的车辆在电动车辆模式期间仅由电力推进。
当离合器44、46都不接合时并且不管发动机是否运行或是否在旋转，建立替代的电动车辆操作模式，该模式适于其中在变速器输出构件20处需要中等扭矩水平的操作状态。控制器38通过逆变器40和电动机布线42建立从电池36至定子26的电力供应，以建立比转子32更快旋转的定子场37。转子30由于未与转子32或发动机12连接而因相对较轻的寄生负载以最小滑移(即，相对旋转)基本与定子场37一起旋转。
动力系10在发动机起动模式下也是可操作的，该模式中发动机离合器44和电动机离合器46以打开状态(即，不接合)开始。假设车辆正在电动车辆模式下由电力推进，定子场37持续旋转，从而经由转子32推进车辆。接着，应用发动机离合器44，从而致使转子30减速并使发动机12加速至发动机离合器同步点，在该点发动机输出构件22以与转子32基本相同的速度旋转。经由电池36中所储存的能量供应的扭矩驱动转子30和发动机12，直至发动机速度接近定子场37的速度。该基本同步的速度能被感测并转送至控制器38，在该速度时，电动机离合器46被接合，从而致使发动机12和转子30、32以相同速度旋转。
再者，动力系10在电动扭矩变换器模式下是可操作的，该模式可跟随发动机起动模式之后进行。在电动扭矩变换器模式中，发动机离合器44被接合而电动机离合器46打开。发动机12以比定子场37更高的速度驱动转子30，从而致使在定子线匝(未在定子上示出)中产生电。定子场比转子32更快地旋转；因而车辆经由内转子32推进。因此，在输入(发动机输出构件22和转子30的速度)与输出(转子32和变速器输入构件18的速度)之间存在滑移，其与流体扭矩变换器中的滑移类似。取决于定子26与两个转子30、32之间的相对滑移速度，可使用任何过量动力通过利用转子30、32之一或二者的扭矩发电来对电池36充电，或者可通过逆变器40向定子26提供电池动力以辅助具有动力系10的车辆的发动。
在两个离合器44、46都接合时，提供电动辅助操作模式和再生制动模式。发动机12经由发动机离合器44、电动机离合器46和转子32推进车辆。若期望附加扭矩，则由电池36向定子26供应电力，并且定子场的速度快于转子32的速度。若期望再生制动，则将动力从定子26转向电池36(即，电动发电机用于将扭矩转换成电能)，并且定子场37以比转子30、32的速度慢的方式旋转。
尽管详细描述了实施本发明的最佳模式，然而熟悉本发明所涉及领域的技术人员在所附权利要求的范围内将意识到用于实施本发明的各种替代设计和实施例。

Claims (11)

1.一种动力系，包括：
发动机；
具有输入构件和输出构件的变速器；
电动发电机，该电动发电机具有可通电的定子以及均可经由该定子的通电而旋转的第一转子和第二转子；
第一扭矩传递机构，其选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第一转子和第二转子中的一个共同旋转；
第二扭矩传递机构，其选择性地可接合以将所述第一转子连接成与所述第二转子共同旋转；
其中所述变速器输入构件持续连接成与所述第一转子和第二转子中的另一个共同旋转；
其中所述转子和所述定子同心；所述第一转子在所述定子的径向外侧，所述第二转子在所述定子的径向内侧；
操作地连接至所述定子的电池；
控制器，其操作地连接至所述第一扭矩传递机构和所述电池，并构造成在所述发动机运行时接合所述第一扭矩传递机构而不接合所述第二扭矩传递机构，使得所述第一转子产生所述定子的定子场并相对于该定子的该定子场旋转，从而使该定子场为所述第二转子提供动力以驱动所述变速器，从而建立电动扭矩变换器操作模式。
2.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其中所述第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第一转子共同旋转。
3.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其中所述第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第二转子共同旋转。
4.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其中所述控制器操作地连接至所述第二扭矩传递机构；且所述控制器还构造成在接合所述第二扭矩传递机构而不接合所述第一扭矩传递机构时，引导来自所述电池的存储能量对所述定子通电以致使所述第一转子和所述第二转子旋转，从而提供电动车辆操作模式。
5.如权利要求4所述的动力系，其中所述控制器被构造成引导来自所述电池的存储能量至所述定子以使所述定子产生旋转定子场，该定子场在施加至所述变速器输入构件的扭矩相对较高时旋转得快于所述第一转子和所述第二转子，并且在施加至所述变速器输入构件的扭矩相对较低时旋转得快于连接成与所述变速器输入构件共同旋转的所述第二转子。
6.如权利要求4所述的动力系，其中所述控制器构造成接合所述第一扭矩传递机构并在所述第一转子的速度与被通电定子的旋转定子场的速度基本相同时接着接合所述第二扭矩传递机构以使所述发动机起动。
7.如权利要求1所述的动力系，其中所述控制器构造成在所述发动机运行时接合两个扭矩传递机构并且引导来自所述电池的存储能量至所述定子以选择性地为所述第二转子增加动力和接收来自所述第二转子的动力以分别实现电动辅助模式或再生制动模式。
8.一种混合动力车辆动力系，包括：
发动机；
具有输入构件的机械式非混合动力变速器；
电池；
逆变器；
电动发电机，该电动发电机具有：
定子，该定子选择性地由所述电池通过所述逆变器提供动力以产生定子场并选择性地通过所述逆变器向所述电池提供动力；
第一转子和第二转子，其响应于在所述定子中产生的定子场相对于彼此可旋转，所述定子场响应于所述电池提供的动力而产生，其中所述转子和所述定子同心；所述第一转子在所述定子的径向外侧，所述第二转子在所述定子的径向内侧；
第一扭矩传递机构，其选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第一转子和第二转子中的一个共同旋转；
第二扭矩传递机构，其选择性地可接合以将所述转子连接成相互共同旋转；
操作地连接至所述定子的电池；
控制器，其操作地连接至所述第一扭矩传递机构和所述电池，并构造成在所述发动机运行时接合所述第一扭矩传递机构而不接合所述第二扭矩传递机构，并使得所述第一转子产生所述定子的定子场并相对于该定子的该定子场旋转，从而使该定子场为所述第二转子提供动力以驱动所述变速器，从而建立电动扭矩变换器操作模式。
9.一种混合动力系，包括：
发动机；
变速器，其具有输入构件并且特征在于不存在任何电动发电机；
电动发电机，其具有单个定子和通过所述定子可旋转的第一和第二转子；其中所述电动发电机位于所述发动机与所述变速器输入构件之间并可操作地与所述发动机和所述变速器输入构件连接，其中所述转子和所述定子同心；其中第一转子在所述定子的径向外侧，第二转子在所述定子的径向内侧；
第一扭矩传递机构，其选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与所述第一转子和第二转子中的一个共同旋转；
第二扭矩传递机构，其选择性地可接合以将所述第一转子连接成与所述第二转子共同旋转
电池；
控制器，其操作地连接至所述第一扭矩传递机构和所述电池，并构造成在所述发动机运行时接合所述第一扭矩传递机构而不接合所述第二扭矩传递机构，使得所述第一转子产生所述定子的定子场并相对于该定子的该定子场旋转，从而使该定子场为所述第二转子提供动力以驱动所述变速器，从而建立电动扭矩变换器操作模式。
10.如权利要求9所述的动力系，其中第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与第一转子共同旋转。
11.如权利要求9所述的动力系，其中第一扭矩传递机构选择性地可接合以将所述发动机连接成与第二转子共同旋转。
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