CN102275518B - 低耗油量增程式电动车动力系 - Google Patents

低耗油量增程式电动车动力系 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102275518B
CN102275518B CN201110152403.4A CN201110152403A CN102275518B CN 102275518 B CN102275518 B CN 102275518B CN 201110152403 A CN201110152403 A CN 201110152403A CN 102275518 B CN102275518 B CN 102275518B
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driving engine
vehicle
clutch
motor
reversing
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CN102275518A (zh
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S.H.斯维尔斯
J.M.马圭尔
M.G.雷诺
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/20—Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
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    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/445—Differential gearing distribution type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W50/08—Interaction between the driver and the control system
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及低耗油量增程式电动车动力系，提供一种增程式电动车辆，包括：驱动轮；具有输出轴的发动机；具有在所述发动机运行时被所述发动机的输出轴驱动的节点的行星齿轮组；以及第一和第二电机。所述第一电机连接至另一节点，并且在所述发动机运行时操作为发电机。单向离合器连接至剩余的节点。所述第二电机连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧，轴将所述驱动轮连接至所述第二电机。控制器提供前进纯电动（EV）模式、倒车EV模式、动力分配模式和串联模式。所述串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路，所述单向离合器在所述前进EV模式中超越。所述单向离合器可被动地或通过PRNDL装置来致动。

Description

低耗油量增程式电动车动力系
技术领域
本发明涉及增程式电动车。
背景技术
增程式电动车或EREV通常提供了扩展的纯电动（EV）串联推进模式。在串联混合系统中，连接至发动机的电机用作起动发动机的电动机，并允许电机或者连接至传动系其余部分的另一电机有选择地用作发电机，从而将能量恢复进电池。由于电机必须将所有的发动机动力都从机械能转换为电能和从电能转换为机械能，所以串联设计增大了重量，并在这两个转换中形成有效的动力损失。另外，串联设计在发动机与驱动轮之间缺少直接的机械线路。
EREV具有可通过插电式电池电源以及通过再生制动而重新充电的车载电池。车载汽油发动机按需要转动发电机，以提供扩展的EV运行范围。一旦电池被大量地耗尽，只要油箱中留有燃料，那么EREV设计就继续延伸车辆的EV运行范围。对于比阈值距离短的车程，例如在某些实施例中约为40英里，那么根本不需要发动机，所有的推进都以EV模式提供。
发明内容
因此，与传统串联混合设计不同，本文所公开的增程式电动车（EREV）在其所有发动机运行操作模式中具有在其发动机与驱动轮之间的直接机械线路，因此提高了燃料效率。所述EREV包括至少一个串联模式、纯电动（EV）模式和动力分配模式，例如每一个的前进和倒车模式。所述车辆使用两个电机。第一电机操作为发电机以激励另一电机，所述第一电机仅在所述发动机开启或运行时操作。例如，可使用被动整流绕场（passively-rectified wound field）装置作为第一电机。所述第二电机为在所述EV模式期间驱进所述车辆的电动发电机单元（MGU）。单向离合器如可控可选择单向离合器（SOWC）（例如，在一个实施例中，机械二极管离合器或具有较低旋转损失的其它SOWC设计）在所述EV模式中超越。辅助起动电机允许所述第一电机仅用作下述发电机。
在一个实施例中，一个接地离合器（例如电动带式离合器）在所述串联模式期间接合。倒车串联模式通过上述单向离合器被使能，在一个可能实施例中，所述单向离合器为可选择单向离合器（SOWC），并通过PRNDL装置控制在所述倒车串联模式中开启或分离。可使用输出齿轮组来减小所述MGU的尺寸。
特别地，本文提供的车辆具有驱动轮、具有发动机输出轴的发动机、具有第一第二和第三节点的行星齿轮组。所述第一节点连接至所述发动机的输出轴，并且仅在所述发动机运行时被所述发动机输出轴驱动。所述车辆还包括第一和第二电机、单向离合器、辅助起动电动机和控制器。所述第一电机连接至所述第二节点，并且在所述发动机运行时操作为发电机。所述单向离合器具有连接至所述第三节点的输入侧，所述第二电机具有连接至所述驱动轮的电机输出轴。
所述第二电机交替地操作为电动机和发电机，并且连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧。所述控制器具有算法，所述算法用于根据需要控制所述发动机、所述电机、所述单向离合器和所述起动电机，从而提供前进纯电动（EV）模式、倒车EV模式、至少一个动力分配模式和至少一个串联模式中的每个模式。所述串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路，当所述单向离合器构造为SOWC时，其在所述前进EV模式中超越。
本发明提供下列技术方案。
技术方案1：一种增程式电动车辆，包括：
驱动轮；
具有输出轴的发动机；
具有第一、第二和第三节点的行星齿轮组，其中所述第一节点连接至所述发动机的输出轴，并且在所述发动机运行时被所述发动机的输出轴驱动；
连接至所述第二节点的第一电机，其构造成在所述发动机运行时操作为发电机；
具有连接至所述第三节点的输入侧的单向离合器；
连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧的第二电机；
将所述驱动轮连接至所述第二电机的动力传输轴；
适于起动所述发动机的辅助起动电机；以及
具有算法的控制器，所述算法适于控制所述发动机、所述第一和第二电机、所述单向离合器和所述起动电机，从而提供前进纯电动或EV模式、倒车EV模式、至少一个动力分配模式和至少一个串联模式中的每个模式，其中所述至少一个串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路。
技术方案2：如技术方案1的车辆，还包括驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档或PRNDL换档装置，其中所述单向离合器为通过所述RPNDL装置控制的可选择单向离合器或SOWC，使得在所述PRNDL装置的倒车设定中，所述SOWC打开，因此使倒车串联模式能够作为所述至少一个串联模式。
技术方案3：如技术方案2的车辆，其中所述SOWC通过从所述PRNDL装置的直接机械连接来控制。
技术方案4：如技术方案2的车辆，其中所述SOWC为具有低旋转损失的机械二级管离合器。
技术方案5：如技术方案1的车辆，还包括适于有选择地将所述第三节点连接至所述车辆的固定构件的接地离合器。
技术方案6：如技术方案5的车辆，其中所述接地离合器为电动带式离合器。
技术方案7：如技术方案1的车辆，还包括布置在所述单向离合器的输出侧与所述第二电机之间的第二行星齿轮组，其适于减小所述第二电机的尺寸。
技术方案8：如技术方案7的车辆，其中所述第二行星齿轮组具有连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧和所述动力传输轴的第一节点、通过互连构件连接至所述第二电机的第二节点、和连接至所述车辆的固定构件的第三节点。
技术方案9：一种增程式电动车辆，包括：
一组驱动轮；
具有输出轴的发动机；
具有第一、第二和第三节点的行星齿轮组，其中所述第一节点连接至所述发动机的输出轴，并且仅在所述发动机运行时被所述输出轴驱动；
连接至所述第二节点的被动整流绕场装置，其构造成仅在所述发动机运行时仅操作为发电机；
具有连接至所述第三节点的输入侧的可选择单向离合器或SOWC；
连接至所述SOWC的输出侧的多相电动发电机单元或MGU；
将所述MGU连接至所述驱动轮的动力传输轴；
适于起动所述发动机的辅助起动电机；以及
具有算法的控制器，所述算法适于按需要控制所述发动机、所述绕场装置、所述MGU、所述SOWC和所述起动电机，从而提供前进纯电动或EV模式、倒车EV模式、至少一个动力分配模式和至少一个串联模式中的每个模式，其中所述至少一个串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路，并且其中所述SOWC在所述前进和倒车EV模式的至少一个模式中超越。
技术方案10：如技术方案9的车辆，还包括驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档或PRNDL换档装置，其中所述单向离合器为由所述RPNDL装置控制的可选择单向离合器或SOWC，使得在所述PRNDL装置的倒车设定中，所述SOWC打开，因此在至少一个串联模式中使倒车方向的行驶可行。
技术方案11：如技术方案10的车辆，其中所述SOWC通过从所述PRNDL装置的直接机械连接来控制。
技术方案12：如技术方案10的车辆，还包括适于有选择地将所述第三节点连接至所述车辆的固定构件的接地离合器。
技术方案13：如技术方案12的车辆，其中所述接地离合器为电动带式离合器。
技术方案14：如技术方案10的车辆，还包括布置在所述SOWC的输出侧与所述MGU之间的第二行星齿轮组，其减小所述MGU的尺寸。
技术方案15：如技术方案14的车辆，其中所述第二行星齿轮组具有连接至所述SOWC的输出侧和所述动力传输轴的第一节点、通过互连构件连接至所述MGU的第二节点、和连接至所述车辆的固定构件的第三节点。
技术方案16：一种用于增程式电动车的动力系，所述车辆具有一组驱动轮和连接至所述驱动轮的动力传输轴，所述动力系包括：
具有输出轴的发动机；
具有三个节点的行星齿轮组，其中一个节点连接至所述发动机的输出轴，并且仅在所述发动机运行时被所述输出轴驱动；
直接连接至所述三个节点中的另一个的第一电机；
具有连接至所述三个节点中的剩下一个的输入侧的单向离合器；以及
适于交替地操作为电动机和发电机的第二电机，其或直接或间接地连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧和所述动力传输轴；
其中所述动力系可控制，以提供前进纯电动或EV模式、倒车EV模式、至少一个动力分配模式和至少一个串联模式，其中所述至少一个串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路，并且其中所述单向离合器在所述前进EV模式中超越。
技术方案17：如技术方案15的动力系，所述车辆包括驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档或PRNDL换档装置，其中所述单向离合器为由所述RPNDL装置直接控制的可选择单向离合器（SOWC），使得在所述PRNDL装置的倒车设定中，所述SOWC打开，因此使倒车方向的行驶可行。
技术方案18：如技术方案17的动力系，其中所述SOWC通过从所述PRNDL装置的直接机械连接来控制。
技术方案19：如技术方案17的动力系，还包括适于有选择地将所述行星齿轮组的节点连接至所述车辆的固定构件的接地离合器。
技术方案20：如技术方案15的动力系，还包括布置在所述单向离合器的输出侧与所述第二电机之间的第二行星齿轮组，其适于减小所述第二电机的尺寸。
结合附图，从下面实施本发明的最佳模式的详细描述可容易地清楚本发明的上述特征和优点及其它特征和优点。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明的增程式电动车（EREV）的示意图；
图2为根据另一实施例的图1的EREV的示意图；以及
图3为描述图1和图2的EREV各种操作模式的表格。
具体实施方式
参考附图，其中遍及几个附图中相同的附图标记对应于相同或相似的组件，图1中示出了增程式电动车10，具有控制器11和换档控制算法或者适于通过一组控制信号13控制车辆的不同动力系操作模式的其它逻辑。所述操作模式可包括串联前进和倒车模式、前进和倒车纯电动（EV）模式、以及前进和倒车动力分配模式。如上所述，串联模式允许通过动力传输轴34从内燃机12到一组驱动轮35的直接机械线路，与缺少这种直接机械线路的传统串联混合设计不同。
控制器11可构造为数字计算机，其具有微处理器或中央处理单元、只读存储器（ROM）、随机存取存储器（RAM）、电可擦写可编程只读存储器（EEPROM）、高速时钟、模数（A/D）和数模（D/A）电路、和输入/输出电路和装置（I/O）、以及适当的信号处理和缓冲电路。驻留在控制器11中或可由其存取的所有算法（包括换档控制算法100）可存储在ROM中，并被控制器自动地执行，以提供不同的操作模式。
如上所述，车辆10包括发动机12。发动机12进而包括直接连接至飞轮16和阻尼组件17的输出构件14，例如驱动轴。12伏辅助起动电机18可被有选择地通电，以转动飞轮16，用于发动机12的启动和起动。发动机12通过阻尼组件17连接至齿轮组22，使得发动机的扭矩转动齿轮组22的构件。齿轮组22可构造为具有三个节点的行星齿轮组，所述三个节点在图1中分别标记为A、B和C。
可选地，节点C与车辆10的固定构件42（例如，壳体）之间可设置接地离合器40。如其名称所暗示的，接地离合器40有选择地接地节点C，车辆10中包含该离合器有助于使参考图3所述的一个或多个串联模式可行。在一个实施例中，接地离合器40可为电动带式离合器，该设计有助于消除高压液压及其相关重量、尺寸和/或控制，但是也可使用其它接地离合器。
车辆10还包括具有输入构件30的第一电机24和第二电机26，第一电机通过能量存储系统（ESS 25）（例如电池）和所有必要的转换器和/或逆变器模块、以及电力总线27连接至第二电机。第一电机24可构造为被动整流绕场装置，其通过输入构件30连接至节点A，并且仅在发动机开启或运行时被发动机12的输出构件14驱动或激励。第二电机26可构造为多相AC感应电机或其它适当的多相装置。第二电机26为电动发电机单元，即可根据操作模式而发电以操作为发电机和耗电以操作为电动机，与只操作为发电机的第一电机24不同。起动电机18的存在使第一电机24能够以这种单一用途的方式构造。
仍参考图1，单向离合器28具有输入侧31和输出侧33。输入侧31连接至行星齿轮组22的节点C，输出侧33通过第二电机26连接至驱动轮35，从而在发动机12与驱动轮之间提供直接的机械线路，最终输送输出扭矩（TO）到驱动轮，以推进车辆10。单向离合器28可为被动式飞轮装置，或者可选地可构造为SOWC，并通过驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档（PRNDL）换档装置44而有选择地致动，该PRNDL换档装置44通过连杆46连接至单向离合器28。例如，当构造为SOWC时，单向离合器28可为机械二极管离合器或具有较低旋转损失的其它设计。这种设计有助于使下面参考图3说明的串联模式可行。
第一电机24适于发电或制电，而不操作为电动机。在一个实施例中，第一电机24可构造为被动整流绕场装置，例如适于响应于从发动机12输入的扭矩产生交流（AC）电压的同步发电机。第一电机24的电频率通常与发动机12的速度成比例。如本领域所理解的，同步发电机可通过旋转被线圈环绕的电磁场来发电，线圈产生三相交流电，因此这种装置适于用作第一电机24。
参考图2，在另一实施例中，单向离合器28可通过第二行星齿轮组50连接到驱动轮35和第二电机26。齿轮组50具有三个节点，为清楚起见，标记为D、E和F。单向离合器28的输出侧33连接至节点E，该节点E进而通过动力传输轴34连接至车轮35。节点D通过互连构件52连接至第二电机26。节点F连接至固定构件42。因此，第二行星齿轮组50适于减小第二电机26所需的尺寸。
参考图3，以表格形式示出了图1和图2的车辆10的各种可能操作模式。模式1和2分别提供了前进和倒车动力分配模式，其中发动机12及第一和第二电机24、26都开启/运行。图1的接地离合器40分离（O），单向离合器28接合（X）。当倒车功率分配模式（即，模式2）可用时，它的使用会引起从EV扭矩减去发动机扭矩，从而减少可用的EV扭矩。
模式3和4分别提供了前进和倒车串联模式。如同模式1和2，在模式3和4中，第一和第二电机24、26都开启，发动机12同样开启。但是，接地离合器40和单向离合器28的状态与模式1和2相反，即，单向离合器28分离，接地离合器40接合。图1的发动机12的扭矩通过齿轮组22传递到第一电机24，该第一电机24通过ESS 25和电力总线27给第二电机通电。同时，发动机12的扭矩通过齿轮组22和单向离合器28到动力传输轴34，因此以串联模式提供了从发动机到驱动轮35的直接机械线路。当使用图1的PRNDL装置44选择单向离合器28的模式时，即，当单向离合器为SOWC时，单向离合器分离（O）。倒车串联模式（即模式4）可用，发动机12可驱动第一电机24（即，发电机），以补充电池电力到第二电机26（即，MGU）。当单向离合器28构造为简单的超越离合器时，模式4不可用。
模式5和6分别提供两个不同的EV模式，即前进和倒车。简要参考图1，在模式5和6中，发动机12停机，因此第一电机24同样停机。第二电机26通过电力总线27从ESS 25获取电能，以输送输出扭矩（TO）到车轮35。当使用图1的PRNDL装置44选择单向离合器28的模式时，即，当单向离合器为SOWC时，单向离合器分离（O），当单向离合器为简单的超越装置时，单向离合器接合（X）。倒车EV模式（即模式6）可用，并且与使用简单超越离合器作为单向离合器28的实施例相比相对地有效。也就是说，齿轮组22、发动机12和第一电机24（即发电机）被与第二电机26隔离开。结果，这些元件可以是静止的，以减小损耗。当单向离合器28构造为简单超越装置以替代SOWC时，齿轮组22和第一电机26可继续旋转，这不会发生在具有上述SOWC实施例的模式6中。
尽管已经详细描述了用于实施本发明的最佳模式，但是本发明所属领域的技术人员会认识到在所附权利要求范围内用于实施本发明的各种替代设计和实施方式。

Claims (19)

1.一种增程式电动车辆，包括：
驱动轮；
具有输出轴的发动机；
具有第一、第二和第三节点的行星齿轮组，其中所述第一节点连接至所述发动机的输出轴，并且在所述发动机运行时被所述发动机的输出轴驱动；
连接至所述第二节点的第一电机，其构造成在所述发动机运行时操作为发电机；
具有输入侧的单向离合器，该输入侧连接至所述第三节点；
连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧的第二电机；
将所述驱动轮连接至所述第二电机的动力传输轴；
适于起动所述发动机的辅助起动电机；以及
具有算法的控制器，所述算法适于控制所述发动机、所述第一和第二电机、所述单向离合器和所述起动电机，从而提供前进纯电动模式、倒车纯电动模式、至少一个动力分配模式和至少一个串联模式中的每个模式，其中所述至少一个串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路。
2.如权利要求1的车辆，还包括驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置，其中所述单向离合器为通过所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置控制的可选择单向离合器，使得在所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置的倒车设定中，所述可选择单向离合器打开，因此使倒车串联模式能够作为所述至少一个串联模式。
3.如权利要求2的车辆，其中所述可选择单向离合器通过从所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置的直接机械连接来控制。
4.如权利要求1的车辆，还包括适于有选择地将所述第三节点连接至所述车辆的固定构件的接地离合器。
5.如权利要求4的车辆，其中所述接地离合器为电动带式离合器。
6.如权利要求1的车辆，还包括布置在所述单向离合器的输出侧与所述第二电机之间的第二行星齿轮组，其适于减小所述第二电机的尺寸。
7.如权利要求6的车辆，其中所述第二行星齿轮组具有连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧和所述动力传输轴的第一节点、通过互连构件连接至所述第二电机的第二节点、和连接至所述车辆的固定构件的第三节点。
8.一种增程式电动车辆，包括：
一组驱动轮；
具有输出轴的发动机；
具有第一、第二和第三节点的行星齿轮组，其中所述第一节点连接至所述发动机的输出轴，并且仅在所述发动机运行时被所述输出轴驱动；
连接至所述第二节点的被动整流绕场装置，其构造成仅在所述发动机运行时仅操作为发电机；
具有输入侧的可选择单向离合器，该输入侧连接至所述第三节点；
连接至所述可选择单向离合器的输出侧的多相电动发电机单元；
将所述多相电动发电机单元连接至所述驱动轮的动力传输轴；
适于起动所述发动机的辅助起动电机；以及
具有算法的控制器，所述算法适于按需要控制所述发动机、所述绕场装置、所述多相电动发电机单元、所述可选择单向离合器和所述起动电机，从而提供前进纯电动模式、倒车纯电动模式、至少一个动力分配模式和至少一个串联模式中的每个模式，其中所述至少一个串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路，并且其中所述可选择单向离合器在所述前进和倒车纯电动模式的至少一个模式中超越。
9.如权利要求8的车辆，还包括驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置，其中所述单向离合器为由所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置控制的可选择单向离合器，使得在所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置的倒车设定中，所述可选择单向离合器打开，因此在至少一个串联模式中使倒车方向的行驶可行。
10.如权利要求9的车辆，其中所述可选择单向离合器通过从所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置的直接机械连接来控制。
11.如权利要求9的车辆，还包括适于有选择地将所述第三节点连接至所述车辆的固定构件的接地离合器。
12.如权利要求11的车辆，其中所述接地离合器为电动带式离合器。
13.如权利要求9的车辆，还包括布置在所述可选择单向离合器的输出侧与所述多相电动发电机单元之间的第二行星齿轮组，其减小所述多相电动发电机单元U的尺寸。
14.如权利要求13的车辆，其中所述第二行星齿轮组具有连接至所述可选择单向离合器的输出侧和所述动力传输轴的第一节点、通过互连构件连接至所述多相电动发电机单元的第二节点、和连接至所述车辆的固定构件的第三节点。
15.一种用于增程式电动车的动力系，所述车辆具有一组驱动轮和连接至所述驱动轮的动力传输轴，所述动力系包括：
具有输出轴的发动机；
具有三个节点的行星齿轮组，其中一个节点连接至所述发动机的输出轴，并且仅在所述发动机运行时被所述输出轴驱动；
直接连接至所述三个节点中的另一个的第一电机；
具有输入侧的单向离合器，该输入侧连接至所述三个节点中的剩下一个；以及
适于交替地操作为电动机和发电机的第二电机，其或直接或间接地连接至所述单向离合器的输出侧和所述动力传输轴；
其中所述动力系可控制，以提供前进纯电动模式、倒车纯电动模式、至少一个动力分配模式和至少一个串联模式，其中所述至少一个串联模式在所述发动机与所述驱动轮之间提供直接机械线路，并且其中所述单向离合器在所述前进纯电动模式中超越。
16.如权利要求14的动力系，所述车辆包括驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置，其中所述单向离合器为由所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置直接控制的可选择单向离合器，使得在所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置的倒车设定中，所述可选择单向离合器打开，因此使倒车方向的行驶可行。
17.如权利要求16的动力系，其中所述可选择单向离合器通过从所述驻车、倒车、空档、前进、低档换档装置的直接机械连接来控制。
18.如权利要求16的动力系，还包括适于有选择地将所述行星齿轮组的节点连接至所述车辆的固定构件的接地离合器。
19.如权利要求14的动力系，还包括布置在所述单向离合器的输出侧与所述第二电机之间的第二行星齿轮组，其适于减小所述第二电机的尺寸。
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