CN1842327A - 将源于云南红豆杉的异紫杉脂素作为成分的骨质疏松症预防、治疗药 - Google Patents
将源于云南红豆杉的异紫杉脂素作为成分的骨质疏松症预防、治疗药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1842327A CN1842327A CNA2005800009414A CN200580000941A CN1842327A CN 1842327 A CN1842327 A CN 1842327A CN A2005800009414 A CNA2005800009414 A CN A2005800009414A CN 200580000941 A CN200580000941 A CN 200580000941A CN 1842327 A CN1842327 A CN 1842327A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
- A61P19/08—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease
- A61P19/10—Drugs for skeletal disorders for bone diseases, e.g. rachitism, Paget's disease for osteoporosis
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种在骨质疏松症的预防和治疗中有效的药物。本发明公开了是以式(1)所示的化合物、或者以式(1)化合物在医学上容许的盐或酯为有效成分的骨质疏松症的治疗或预防用药。(式中R1表示碳原子数为1~4的烷氧基)在式(1)所示的化合物中,R1为CH3O的化合物是源于云南红豆杉(Taxusyunnanensis)的异紫杉脂素(isotaxiresinol),具有骨吸收抑制作用和促进骨形成的生理活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及以异紫杉脂素和其类似物为有效成分的骨质疏松症预防、治疗药。
背景技术
以往,来源于台湾杉(Taiwania flousiana)的木酚素(lignan)系化合物具有骨吸收抑制效果(例如,参见专利文献1)。
此外,已知来源于连翘(Forsythia suspense Vahl)的松脂酚(pinoresinol)具有改善更年期损害的症状的作用。提示松脂酚可能具有预防骨质疏松症的作用(例如,参见专利文献2)。
专利文献1:特开平9-12592号公报
专利文献2:特开2003-63971号公报
发明内容
本发明的课题是提供在骨质疏松症的预防和治疗中有效的药物。
本发明人等发现,来源于云南红豆杉(Taxus yunnannsis)的异紫杉脂素(isotaxiresinol),在体内具有骨吸收抑制作用和促进骨形成的生理活性,进而完成了本发明。
即,本发明是以式(1)所示的化合物、或者以式(1)化合物在医学上容许的盐或酯为有效成分的骨质疏松症的治疗或预防用药,
(式中R1表示碳原子数为1~4的烷氧基)
本发明的药物,不仅具有骨吸收抑制作用,而且还具有骨形成促进作用,对于预防或治疗骨质疏松症是有效的。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,酯是指式(1)中的羟甲基(CH2OH)的羟基和/或酚性羟基与有机酸或无机酸结合脱水后的化合物。所谓医学上容许的酯是指在医学和药学领域众所周知的酯且使用不限。例如,作为有机酸,可以使用醋酸,作为无机酸,可以使用酸。
盐可以是由无机和有机的碱衍生成的任何盐,还包含化合物中的羟甲基成为甲氧基离子(methyloxide ion)的盐,和/或酚性羟基成为酚盐离子(phenoxide ion)的盐。所谓医学上容许的盐,是指在医学和药学领域众所周知的盐且使用不限。例如,可以使用碱金属、碱土金属、胺的盐。
在式(1)化合物中,当R1为CH3O时,即式(2)的化合物异紫杉脂素(isotaxiresinol)(以下简称为ITX)。
式(2)
ITX存在于云南红豆杉的植物体(叶,树皮,主干材部,芯部,根等)中,可按下述方法提取分离。首先,用热水提取植物体,得到水提取物。然后,用有机溶媒(例如乙酸乙酯)提取该水提取物,得到有机溶媒流分,再用层析法(柱层析,薄层层析,HPLC等)从有机溶媒流分中分离这些化合物。
ITX中的甲氧基也可以置换成乙氧基,丙氧基,丁氧基。式(1)的化合物可以由ITX通过有机合成来合成。
本发明的医药可以口服、非口服或者经皮给药。给药方式可以没有限制地使用通常的用药方式。可以举出例如片剂、包衣片、胶囊、溶液剂、糖浆剂、粉末剂、栓剂。
片剂可以通过对化合物或者提取物与赋形剂(乳糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇等)、崩解剂(玉米淀粉、海藻酸等)、粘合剂(淀粉、明胶等)、润滑剂(硬脂酸镁、滑石等)以及缓释剂(羧甲基纤维素、苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、聚乙烯醇等)进行混合来制造。片剂可以由多层构成。
包衣片可以通过用在片剂包被中通常使用的物质对与片剂同样制造的芯进行包被,其中使用的物质例如有collidone,虫胶(shellac),阿拉伯树脂,滑石,二氧化钛,蔗糖等。需获得延缓释放效果的片芯可以是由几层组成,也可以使用制备片剂的上述赋形剂。
为了作成溶液剂和糖浆剂等剂型,在式(1)的化合物中适当添加水、糖类(赤藓醇,木糖醇,甘露醇,蔗糖,海藻糖,麦芽糖,果糖,山梨醇,蜂蜜等)、防腐剂(对羟基苯甲酸酯等)、各种香料、着色料、油类(大豆油等),混合调制而成。
含有本发明的药物的胶囊剂,是将化合物或者提取物密封到明胶胶囊中,或者是将化合物或提取物与例如乳糖、山梨醇等惰性载体混合,将混合物密封到明胶胶囊中或是用明胶膜包裹成型,制备而得。
式(1)化合物的用量,通常是每人每天1mg~1000mg。但要从小量开始给药,然后增量至出现预期的效果,从而确定适当的用药量。
式(1)的化合物是一直以来以往可以安全摄取的作为药用植物的云南红豆杉的成分,是安全的物质。
实施例1
下面,通过实施例进一步说明本发明。本发明的实施例所记载的原材料、化合物的提取方法等,仅仅是说明例,并不是对发明范围的限定。
(分离)
用粉碎机将云南红豆杉的主干材部及树皮(合起来为木质部)粉碎,过30目筛,得到粉末。干燥该粉末。取干燥粉末850g,用4L的纯水回流提取45分钟。过滤后,向残渣中加入4L的纯水,回流提取45分钟。再重复一次同样的回流提取操作。合并3次的水提取液,减压浓缩,得到水提取物52.5g。
接着,用500ml的乙酸乙酯提取水提取物52.5g,分离乙酸乙酯层。在分离后,在残渣中加入500ml的乙酸乙酯进行提取。再重复一次同样的提取操作。合并3次提取操作所得到的乙酸乙酯层,进行减压浓缩,得到乙酸乙酯流分34.1g。
接着,在硅胶柱(内径3.5cm,长60cm,填充物:Silicagel 60(NacalaiTesque株式会社)中添加上述的乙酸乙酯流分(fraction)34.1g,使用将甲醇添加到氯仿中而成的溶剂,进行洗脱操作,每500ml得到9种流分。表1所示的是溶媒的组成,对各流分液体进行减压浓缩后得到的馏出物的重量、以及各流分中含有的成分。
[表1]
乙酸乙酯可溶流分的柱层析
流分编号 | 溶媒组成(*1)MeOH% | 重量g | 成分 |
1 | 0 | 0.31 | |
2 | 0 | 0.30 | |
3 | 1 | 0.30 | |
4 | 1~5(*2) | 2.78 | SIL |
5 | 5 | 1.68 | SIL、TAX、HYL |
6 | 10 | 12.5 | |
7 | 10~20(*3) | 7.84 | ITX |
8 | 20 | 1.41 | |
9 | 30 | 1.00 |
(*1)溶媒为氯仿和甲醇的混合液,表中的数值表示甲醇的混合百分率。
(*2)按下述比例将洗脱物混合后的流分,1%:100ml,2%:100ml,3%:100ml,4%:100ml,5%:100ml。
(*3)按下述比例将洗脱物混合后的流分,12%:100ml,14%:100ml,16%:100ml,18%:100ml,20%:100ml。
ITX的结构式是根据光谱学分析及化学分析来确定、确认。下面,对只要的分析数据记述如下。
ITX(isotaxiresinol):无色无定形固体(colorless amorphous solid)1H NMR(CD3OD),δ6.69(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H-5′),6.61(1H,s,H-5),6.52(1H,d,J=2.0Hz,H-2′),6.50(1H,dd,J=2.0,8.0Hz,H-6′),6.19(1H,s,H-2),4.67(2H,m,H-9),4.67(1H,m,H-9′),4.66(1H,d,J=6.9Hz,H-7’),3.77(3H,s,H-OMe),3.40(1H,dd,J=4.3,11.1Hz,H-9′),2.73(1H,br d,J=6.8Hz,H-7),1.97(1H,m,H-8),1.71(1H,m,H-8′)
13C NMR(CD3OD)δ147.1(C-3),146.2(C-3′),145.2(C-4),144.6(C-4′),138.7(C-1′),134.3(C-1),128.9(C-6),122.0(C-6′),117.4(C-2),117.3(C-2′),116.1(C-5′),112.3(C-5),66.0(C-9),62.4(C-9′),56.4(C-OMe),48.1(C-8′),47.8(C-7′),40.1(C-8),33.5(C-7)
[α]D 25+47.3°(c=0.4在乙醇中)
ITX的结构式与文献King,F.E.;L.Jurd & King,T.J.,isoTaxiresinol(3′-Dimethylisolariciresinol),A New Lignan extracted from the Heartwoodofthe English Yew,Taxus baccata;J.Chem.Soc.,17-24(1952)中所记载的结构式相一致。
此外,在表1中,SIL表示司可异罗叶松酯素(Secoisolariciresinol),TAX表示Taxiresinol(紫杉脂素),HYL表示(7’R)-7’-Hydroxylariciresinol。
(试验例—抗骨质疏松活性)
用大鼠进行了ITX的抗骨质疏松活性的试验。
试验以10匹大鼠为一组进行。摘除8月龄、体重为260~330g的雌性Wistar大鼠的卵巢。从摘除卵巢2周后开始给药,每周6次,将50mg/kg(大鼠体重)的ITX和100mg/kg(大鼠体重)的ITX悬浮在1%的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液中,分别向各大鼠组经口给药。另外,就阳性对照(positive control)组的大鼠而言,将17β-雌二醇(以下简称为E2)0.1mg/kg(大鼠体重)溶解于5%苯甲醇/95%玉米油的混合液中,腹腔内给药。
作为阴性对照(negative control),设置OVX组,另外还设置进行假手术的(Sham)组,OVX组和Sham组大鼠只喂饲料。
给试验药6周后(卵巢摘除8周后),将大鼠麻醉,使用外周骨定量计算机断层摄像法(peripheral quantitative computed tomography)(pQCT),测定胫骨的特性值。
测定是使用pQCT system XCT Research M(Stratec MedizintechnikGmbH,Germany),对大鼠的左侧胫骨进行扫描。设定体素大小(voxel size)为0.08mm,层面(Slice)厚度为0.5mm,皮质骨BMD的阈值为464mg/cm3。为了区别全骨中的松质骨和皮质骨,将剥落模式(PEEL MODE)设定为20。
进行预扫描,确认成长板,指定参比位置,在成长板下1~5mm处,进行4个横断面的扫描。设定成分离方式3和外形方式2,测定皮质骨和松质骨的BMC和BMD、皮质骨的厚度、皮质骨的内膜周长、外膜周长。
用XCT Research Series Manual Software Version 5.4,将标准皮质骨BMD作为1200mg/cm3,计算求得骨强度的3个指标值(X-、Y-、Polar-轴)。
进而摘出胫骨、股骨、子宫,测定其重量等。
各试验组大鼠的胫骨和股骨的重量和长度的测定结果如表2所示。
[表2]
胫骨和大腿骨的重量和长度
Sham | OVX | E2 | ITX100 | ITX50 | |
胫骨重量(g) | 548±94 | 565±72 | 547±94 | 562±95 | 588±52 |
胫骨长度(cm) | 3.93±0.19 | 3.94±0.18 | 3.76±0.14 | 3.97±0.24 | 3.98±0.14 |
大腿骨重量(g) | 871±95 | 864±76 | 861±65 | 897±83 | 862±64 |
大腿骨长度(cm) | 3.59±0.16 | 3.64±0.18 | 3.59±0.15 | 3.59±0.22 | 3.64±0.05 |
表中的ITX100表示100mg给药组,ITX50表示50mg给药组,E2表示E2给药组,所示数值表示测定值的平均值和标准差。测定值的表示与下面的表3和表4相同。
与OVX相比,ITX50的胫骨重量和ITX100的大腿骨重量增加,但是各组之间没有统计学上的有意义差异。
表3所示的是近侧胫骨(proximal tibia bone)的BMC、BMD、骨强度和其他测定结果。
[表3]
近侧胫骨的BMC、BMD、骨强度及其他
Sham | OVX | E2 | ITX100 | ITX50 | |
全骨BMC(mg/mm)BMD(mg/cm3) | 10.7±1.2744±34 | 9.64±0.63660±39### | 10.5±0.7*723±38 | 9.82±0.37683±21 | 10.4±0.8*707±14* |
松质骨BMC(mg/mm)BMD(mg/cm3) | 1.03±0.23250±32 | 0.84±0.14212±17## | 0.96±0.17244±53** | 1.04±0.15*207±28 | 0.99±0.12215±25 |
皮质骨BMC(mg/mm)BMD(mg/cm3)皮质骨厚度(mm)外膜周长(mm)内膜周长(mm) | 7.77±0.841132±210.59±0.0513.3±0.47.12±0.92 | 6.90±0.59#1121±130.51±0.04##13.6±0.410.5±0.5## | 7.58±0.48*1143±22*0.56±0.03*13.4±0.69.79±0.57* | 7.40±0.291138±17*0.55±0.03*13.6±0.49.97±0.37* | 7.72±0.52*1137±14*0.58±0.03**13.7±0.59.92±0.54* |
骨强度指数PSSIYSSIXSSI | 10.5±1.55.62±1.135.29±0.59 | 8.91±0.74#5.20±0.704.51±0.49# | 10.1±1.176.36±1.13*5.20±0.56* | 9.34±0.705.71±0.414.77±0.68 | 10.35±0.89**6.45±0.67**5.15±0.62* |
表3所示的是近侧胫骨的成长板下1mm的层面的数据。
表中的全骨是指松质骨和皮质骨的骨整体的测定值。BMC(Bonemineral content)表示骨量(也称为骨盐量),BMD(Bone mineral density)表示骨密度。符号#表示学生的t检验(Student’s t-test)的结果,当#p<0.05、##p<0.01、###p<0.001时,表示与Sham组之间的差异有意义,符号*表示学生的t检验(Student’s t-test)的结果,当*p<0.05、**p<0.01、***p<0.001时,表示与OVX组之间的差异有意义。对于t检验结果,其表示与下面的表4相同。
与Sham组相比,OVX组的全骨和松质骨的BMD以及皮质骨的BMC有大幅减少。
当比较ITX100组与Sham组的差异、和OVX组与Sham组的差异时,与OVX组相比,ITX100组抑制了松质骨的BMC和皮质骨的BMD的减少。当比较ITX50组与Sham组的差异、和OVX组与Sham组的差异时,与OVX组相比,ITX50组抑制了全骨和皮质骨的BMD、BMC的减少。当比较E2组与Sham组的差异、和OVX组与Sham组的差异时,与OVX组相比,E2组除了全骨的BMD和松质骨的BMC之外,抑制了其他所有数值的减少。
与Sham组相比,OVX组的内膜周长和外膜周长增加,皮质骨厚度明显减少(与Sham组相比,减少了13.6%)。这说明骨代谢周转变快,骨吸收快于骨形成。
与OVX组相比,ITX50组和ITX100组抑制内膜周长的增加。这表示在骨内膜表面的骨吸收受到抑制。另一方面,与OVX组相比,ITX50组和ITX100组的外膜周长一样或增加,没有抑制骨形成。其结果,抑制皮质骨厚度的减少,皮质骨厚度与Sham组未同等程度(与Sham组相比,ITX50组为98.3%;与Sham组相比,ITX100组为93.2%)。
在ITX50组和ITX100组所观察到的抑制内膜周长的增加以及抑制皮质骨厚度的减少,提示ITX在抑制骨内膜的吸收同时,平稳地促进骨外膜的形成。
另一方面,在E2组,由于抑制骨内膜表面的骨吸收,从而抑制了内膜周长的增加。此外,与OVX组相比,外膜周长减少,皮质骨厚度比OVX组增加9.8%。E2组的防止皮质骨厚度减少的效果,起因于对骨代谢周转的抑制,以上测定结果与一直以来的观点一致。
与骨的盐结构(BMC和BMD)或尺寸(皮质骨的厚度、皮质骨的内膜周长、外膜周长)相比,骨强度对于评价骨质疏松症预防、治疗药来说是更为重要的要素。
在本试验中,作为骨强度指数,测定了PSSI(扭曲强度)(polar-axisstrength index),XSSI(压缩强度)(X-axis strength index),YSSI(折断强度)(Y-axis strength index)。
与Sham组相比,OVX组的PSSI减少了15.1%,XSSI减少了14.7%。与OVX组相比,ITX50组的3个骨强度指数全部增加(PSSI增加16.2%、YSSI增加24.0%、XSSI增加14.2%)。认为这样的骨强度指数的减少防止效果,是由于皮质骨厚度的减少防止效果所至,表明ITX具有强的抗骨折活性。另外,骨折是骨质疏松症中最重要的问题。
与OVX组相比,E2组的XSSI增加了15.3%,YSSI增加了23.5%。
表4所示的是试验初期及终期时大鼠的体重以及试验结束时子宫重量的测定结果
[表4]
体重和子宫重量
Sham | OVX | E2 | ITX100 | ITX50 | |
初期体重(g) | 286±21 | 294±22 | 296±17 | 296±21 | 284±8 |
终期体重(g) | 306±31 | 333±20# | 299±33** | 301±15* | 318±18 |
子宫重量(mg) | 780±79 | 223±45## | 401±81*** | 238±89 | 231±69 |
与Sham组相比,OVX组的终期体重显著增加(13.4%),子宫重量明显减少(71.4%)。
当比较ITX100组、ITX50组与Sham组的差异,OVX组与Sham组的差异时,可见,ITX100组、ITX50组的终期体重增加受到抑制,另外,子宫重量与OVX组相比,未见大的差异。
另外,当比较E2组和Sham组的差异,OVX组和Sham组的差异时,其结果,E2组的终期体重增加受到抑制,同时,抑制了子宫重量的减少(与Sham组相比为48.5%)。
以上试验结果提示ITX与E2的作用机理不同。以往都知道E2在作用于骨的同时,也作用于子宫和乳房,从而增大了这些组织癌变的危险性。ITX的效果提示其作用于骨质疏松症而不增大患子宫癌的危险。
产业化的可能性
本发明涉及的药物,可用于预防和治疗骨质疏松症。
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CN2005800009414A Expired - Fee Related CN1842327B (zh) | 2004-02-03 | 2005-01-27 | 将源于云南红豆杉的异紫杉脂素作为成分的骨质疏松症预防、治疗药 |
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US (1) | US7666913B2 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4455504B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100739280B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1842327B (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1094773A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI285108B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005074905A1 (zh) |
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JPH0912592A (ja) * | 1995-06-26 | 1997-01-14 | Taisho Pharmaceut Co Ltd | リグナン系化合物 |
US6261565B1 (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 2001-07-17 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Method of preparing and using isoflavones |
US6417224B1 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2002-07-09 | Meiji Seika Kaisha, Ltd. | Prophylactic, therapeutic agent for osteoporosis |
IT1299191B1 (it) | 1998-06-23 | 2000-02-29 | Sigma Tau Healthscience Spa | Composizione atta a prevenire e trattare l'osteoporosi e le alterazioni legate alla menopausa |
US6451849B1 (en) * | 1999-03-30 | 2002-09-17 | Hormos Nutraceutical Oy Ltd. | Use of hydroxymatairesinol for prevention of cancers, non-cancer, hormone dependent diseases and cardiovascular diseases by hydroxymatairesinol, and a pharmaceutical preparation, food additive and food product comprising hydroxymatairesinol |
KR100408231B1 (ko) | 2000-08-14 | 2003-12-01 | 한국 한의학 연구원 | 골다공증 예방 및 치료용 플라보노이드 유도체 |
JP2003063971A (ja) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-05 | Tama Seikagaku Kk | 連翹葉及びその抽出物とそれらの用途 |
US20030144216A1 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2003-07-31 | Mikko Unkila | Method for prevention of diseases in coeliac patients |
CA2478714C (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2012-07-31 | Suntory Limited | Method for producing sdg, and food and drink comprising it |
US20060035964A1 (en) * | 2002-07-24 | 2006-02-16 | Shigetoshi Kadota | Hypoglycemic agent, liver protecting agent and anticancer agent containing lignans originating in hongdoushan |
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- 2005-01-27 US US10/570,252 patent/US7666913B2/en active Active
- 2005-01-27 CN CN2005800009414A patent/CN1842327B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-02 TW TW094103196A patent/TWI285108B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI285108B (en) | 2007-08-11 |
WO2005074905A1 (ja) | 2005-08-18 |
KR100739280B1 (ko) | 2007-07-12 |
US7666913B2 (en) | 2010-02-23 |
JP4455504B2 (ja) | 2010-04-21 |
CN1842327B (zh) | 2011-05-11 |
JPWO2005074905A1 (ja) | 2007-09-13 |
TW200529865A (en) | 2005-09-16 |
HK1094773A1 (en) | 2007-04-13 |
US20090143483A1 (en) | 2009-06-04 |
KR20060037416A (ko) | 2006-05-03 |
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