CN1233612C - 羟基蒽醌类衍生物及其在制备抗癌药物中的应用 - Google Patents
羟基蒽醌类衍生物及其在制备抗癌药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及羟基蒽醌类衍生物及其在制备抗癌药物中的应用。实验证明本发明的羟基蒽醌类衍生物对多种肿瘤细胞株具有明显的抑制作用,可用于制备治疗癌症的药物。所述的羟基蒽醌类衍生物的化学结构式如式I所示,式中R1、R2、R3如说明书所定义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类羟基蒽醌类衍生物及其在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
技术背景
癌症是对人类健康和生活素质危险最大的疾病之一。寻找高效、高选择性和副作用小的抗癌药物是抗癌药物开发的主要方向。
多种中草药所含的羟基蒽醌类化合物已经被发现具有一定的抗肿瘤活性,主要是抑制癌细胞的DNA合成。例如,对人早幼白细胞(HL-60),小鼠肉瘤,小鼠肝瘤等瘤株生长有抑制作用,[黄泰康主编,常用中草药成份与药理手册,P1225,1994年,中国医药科技出版社].但是由于天然羟基蒽醌类化合物的抗肿瘤活性不够高,目前未能在临床上作为抗癌药物使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供新的羟基蒽醌类衍生物,该类衍生物的合成及其在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的应用。
本发明的羟基蒽醌衍生物为以下式I所示:
式I
式I中的R1,R2,R3所代表的基团为以下各项组合之一:
(1)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OCH3;R3为CH3。
(2)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OH;R3为CH3。
(3)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OCH3;R3为H。
(4)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OH;R3为H。
(5)R1为CH3;R2为NHCH2CH2N(CH3)2,NHCH2CH2CH2N(CH3)2,NHCH2CH2N(CH2CH2OCH2CH2),NHCH2CH2N(CH2CH3)2,NHCH2CH2CH3N(CH2CH3)2,NHCH2CH2N(CH2)4或NHCH2CH2N(CH2)5;R3为CH3。
本发明的羟基蒽醌类衍生物,可由天然羟基蒽醌类化合物经过化学修饰(即对天然羟基蒽醌类化合物的6位和8位进行改造,例如在天然羟基蒽醌的6位、8位引进含氮的基团)而得到。
所说的天然羟基蒽醌类化合物,包括大黄素(emodin)和大黄素甲醚(physcion)等,可从虎仗.大黄等中草药中提取,经分离和纯化而制得。
制备本发明的羟基蒽醌类衍生物的反应如以下反应式所示:
(4)R4=R5=CH3
(5-1)R4=CH3,R5=H
(5-2)R4=H,R5=CH3
(6)R4=R5=H
(7)R4=R5=CH3
(8-1)R4=H,R5=CH3
(8-2)R4=CH3,R5=H
(9)R4=R5=H
(10)R4=R5=CH3
(11)R4=CH3,R5=H
(12)R4=H,R5=CH3
(13)R4=R5=H
通过体外癌细胞抑制试验表明,本发明的羟基蒽醌类衍生物对多种肿瘤细胞株如口腔底癌、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、白血病等有显著的抑制作用,而对正常细胞毒性则显著降低。尤其对口腔底癌(KBS)和乳腺癌(MCF-7/S)等癌细胞具有很强的细胞毒性;对口腔底癌(KB)的细胞毒性(IC50)比天然羟基蒽醌化合物高100μg/ml以上,而对正常细胞毒性则下降了80%。因此本发明的羟基蒽醌类衍生物可用于制备治疗癌症的药物。
本发明还提供一种用于治疗癌症的药物,其含有上述本发明的羟基蒽醌类衍生物以及药学上可接受的辅助剂。该药物可以制成注射剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、悬浮剂或乳剂的形式使用,其给药途径可为口服、经皮、静脉或肌肉。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明
实施例一:天然羟基蒽醌类化合物大黄素和大黄素甲醚的提取、分离及纯化
称取1kg虎仗,粉碎过20目筛,用95%工业酒精,在水浴上回流提取二次,合并滤液,减压浓缩到500ml,加入3Mol.硫酸100-500ml,回流0.5-1h后加入1500ml水,静置过夜,抽滤干燥,得180g粉红色粉末.将得到的红色粉末放入索氏提取器,用乙醚提取至索氏提取器中乙醚接近无色,先用5%(w/w)NaHCO3溶液(6×100ml),萃取乙醚层,水相抛弃。再用5%(w/w)Na2CO3溶液(8×100ml),萃取乙醚层,合并前2×100ml萃取液用5Mol.盐酸调PH<4,过滤、干燥、经丙酮结晶,得桔黄色结晶2.75g化合物-大黄素(1).剩下的萃取液(6×100ml)用同样方法处理得大黄素和大黄素甲醚(1)和(2)混合物再用索氏提取器提取,乙醚层用1%NaOH溶液(5×100ml)萃取,萃取液用5Mol.盐酸调PH<4,过滤、干燥得到黄色结晶0.61g化合物大黄素甲醚(2),产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定。
大黄素,橙红色针状晶体,m.p.254-256℃ IR(KBr).3300,1675,1625;1H NMR(DMSO-d6/TMS,500MHz)δ:2.351(s,3H),6.503(d,J=2.5,1H),7.007(d,J=2.5,1H),7.022(s,1H),7.336(s,1H),11.255(br.,1H),11.879(s,1H),11.960(s,1H);FAB-Ms m/z 271[M+1]+;Anal.Calcd for C15H10O5:C 66.67,H 3.73,found C 66.73,H 3.69.
大黄素甲醚,黄色针状晶体m.p.200-202℃,IR(KBr)□:3400,1674,1635;1H NMR(DMSO-d6/TMS,500MHz)δ:2.412(s,3H),3.923(s,3H),6.825(d,J=2.5,1H),7.140(d,J=2.5,1H),7.16(s,1H),7.48(s,1H),11.91(s,1H),12.11(s,1H);FAB-Ms m/z 285[M+1]+;Anal.Calcd forC16H12O5:C 67.60,H 4.26,found C 67.53,H 4.22.
实施例二:中间产物(3)的制备
称取4.2g(15.6m mol)大黄素、研磨后的无水K2CO316g(28.6m mol),加入Me2SO4 5ml(50m mol),丙酮380ml,搅拌回流5-20h,浓缩,加水搅拌,过滤,用少量冷丙硐洗涤,得淡黄色粉末(3)4.4g,产率90.5%。产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定。m.p.225-227℃,IR(KBr)υ:1661,1600,1564,1321,1245。1H NMR(CDCl3/TMS,500MHz)δ:2.467(s,3H),3.950(s,3H),3.962(s,3H),3.984(s,3H),6.763(d,J=2.5,1H),7.094(s,1H),7.320(d,J=2.5,1H),7.640(s,1H);FAB-Ms m/z 313[M+1]+;Anal.Calcd for C18H16O5:C 69.22,H 5.16,found C 69.31,H 5.12.
实施例三:中间产物(4)的制备
称取4.0g(6.4m mol)和2.0g(3.5m mol),1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基己内酰脲(BDH),加入200-500ml CCl44,热溶后,再加入0.6g过氧苯甲酰,搅拌回流6-15h,过滤,固体用热水洗涤2次,干燥、硅胶层析柱分离(乙酸乙酯∶苯=10∶90)得淡黄色粉末(4)2.8g,产率56.0%。产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定。m.p 250-252℃,IR(KBr)υ:1665,1597,1334,1245;1HNMR(CDCl3/TMS,500MHz)δ:3.962(s,3H),3.971(s,3H),4.023(s,3H),4.523(s,2H),6.779(d,J=2.5,1H),7.309(s,1H),7.328(d,J=2.5,1H),7.832(s,1H);FAB-Ms m/z 391[M+1]+;Calcd forC18H15BrO5:C 55.26,H 3.86,found C 55.38,H 3.83.
实施例四:中间产物(5-1)和(5-2)混合异构体的制备
称取2.0g(5.1mmol)(4)加入100-400ml干燥的二氯甲烷,在冰一水浴中加入6ml 1molBBr3/H2CCl2溶液,室温下搅拌反应2-6h,反应物倒入200g冰中,待冰溶化后,用氯仿200ml×2萃取,MgSO44干燥、过滤、浓缩,硅胶层析柱分离(氯仿),得淡黄色粉末产物(5-1)和(5-2)混合异构体1.64g,产率85.0%。产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定.m.p.200-202℃,IR(KBr)υ:3400,1624,1564,1344,1303.1H NMR(CDCl3/TMS,500MHz)δ:3.926(s,3H),4.087(s,3H),4.535(s,2H),6.728(d,J=2.5,1H),7.261(d,J=2.5,1H),7.291(s,1H),7.987(s,1H);δ:4.004(s,3H),4.037(s,3H),4.464(s,2H),6.803(d,J=2.5,1H),7.259(s,1H),7.478(d,J=2.5,1H),7.763(s,1H),FAB-Ms m/z 377[M+1]+;Calcdfor C17H13BrO5:C54.13,H3.47,found C54.21,H3.50.
实施例五:中间产物(6)的制备
称取2.4g(6.1m mol)(4)加入100-200ml CH3COOH和16ml 33%HBr/CH3COOH,加热回流3-66h,冷却,过滤,用水洗涤、干燥、硅胶层析柱分离(氯仿),得淡黄色粉末产物(6)1.84g,产率82.1%。产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定.m.p 247-249℃,IR(KBr)υ:3400,1631,1620.1H NMR(DMSO-d6/TMS,500MHz)δ:3.951(s,1H),4.751(s,2H),6.863(d,J=2.5,1H),7.190(d,.J=2.5,1H),7.431(s,1H),7.748(s,1H),11.990(s,1H),12.083(s,1H);FAB-Ms m/z363[M+1]+;Calcd for C16H11BrO5:C52.92,H3.05,found C52.85,H3.02.
实施例六:6-叠氮甲基1,3,8-三甲氧基-9,10蒽醌(7)的制备
称取400mg(1m mol)(4)和新制的0.18g(1.2m mol)AgN3,加入200-500ml丙酮,加热回流5h,过滤浓缩,用硅胶层析柱分离(氯仿),得淡黄色粉末产物(7)340mg,产率94.0%。产物结构经IR.MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定.m.p.179~180℃,IR(KBr)υ:3430,2107,1667,1600;1H NMR(CDCl3/TMS,500MHz)δ:3.961(s,3H),3.973(s,3H),4.026(s,3H),4.494(s,2H),6.781(d,J=2.5,1H),7.251(s,1H),7.331(d,J=2.5,1H),7.754(s,1H);FAB-MS m/z(%)354([M+1]+;Anal.Calcd for C18H15N3O5:C61.19,H4.28,N11.89;found C61.25,H4.32,N11.82。
同样方法可制备(8)和(9)
实施例七:6-氨基甲基-1,3,8-三甲氧基-9.10蒽醌(10)的制备
称取100mg(0.28m mol)(7)加入40ml乙酸乙酯和5mg 10%Pd/C,常温常压加氢48h,过滤浓缩,用硅胶层析柱分离(氯仿∶甲醇=98∶2),得淡黄色粉末(10)71mg,产率76.6%,转变成盐酸盐,m.p.228.5~230.5℃d。IR(KBr)υ:3420,3122,1645,1596;1H NMR(D2O/TMS,500MHz)δ:3.693(s,3H),3.707(s,3H),3.861(s,3H),4.320(s,2H),6.685(d,J=2.5,1H),6.794(s,1H),7.530(d,J=2.5,1H),7.829(s,1H);FAB-MS m/z(%)328([M+1]+;Anal Calcd for C18H18NO5ClC59.43 H5.00 N3.85;found C59.50 H.5.04 N3.89
同样方法得(11),(12)和(13)化合物.
实施例八:中间产物8-羟基-1,3-二甲氧基-6-甲基-9,10蒽醌(14))的制备
称取4.0g(14.8m mol)大黄素、研磨后的无水K2CO38g(14.3m mol),加入Me2SO43ml(30m mol),丙酮100-600ml,40℃搅拌8-24h,过滤,浓缩,用硅胶层析柱分离(氯仿),重结晶,得粉红色粉末(3)3.2g,产率72.56%。产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定.m.p.215-217℃,IR(KBr)υ:3314,1630,1610;1H NMR(CDCl3/TMS,500MHz)δ:2.433(s,3H),3.994(s,3H),4.032(s,3H),6.791(d,J=2.5,1H),7.080(s,1H),7.468(d,J=2.5,1H),7.573(s,1H);FAB-MS m/z(%)299([M+1]+;Anal.Calcd for C17H14O5:C 68.45,H 4.73,found C 68.51,H 4.70。
实施例九:中间产物8-对甲苯磺酰基-1.3-二甲氧基,-6-甲基-9.10蒽醌(15)的制备
称取0.53g(14)(1.8g m mol)加入0.3g(1.6m mol)对甲苯磺酰氯和350ml丙酮及2.5g K2CO3回流5h,过滤浓缩,用硅胶层析柱(环已烷∶乙酸乙酯=7∶3)分离,得淡黄色粉末0.72g,产率90%。产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定.m.p.215~217℃,IR(KBr)υ:1678,1600;1351,1311,1193,1176,1H NMR(CDCl3/TMS,500MHz)δ:2.385(s,3H),2.446(s,1H),3.922(s,3H),3.958(s,3H),6.745(d,J=2.5,1H),7.274(d,J=8.5,2H),7.306(d,J=2.5,1H),7.423(s,1H),7.901(d,J=8.5,2H),7.962(s,1H);FAB-MS m/z452[M+1]+;Anal.Calcd for C24H20O5S:C63.71,H4.46;found C63.62,H4.43,。
实施例十:8-[2-(N.N-二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基-1.3-二甲氧基-6-甲基-9.10蒽醌(16)的制备
称取200mg(0.44ml)(16)加入20-50ml DMSO(二甲基亚砜)及0.12g(1.4mmol)N,N-二甲基氨基乙基胺,在N2气保护下,加热150℃搅拌反应5h,加入200g冰,待冰融化,用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并乙酸乙酯层,用水洗涤二次.无水Na2SO4干燥、硅胶层析柱(氯仿∶甲醇=95∶5)分离,得90mg产物(16),产率56.3%。产物结构经IR,MMR,M3和元素分析数据确定.m.p.158~160℃,IR(KBr)υ:3265,1629,1596,1319,1238;1H NMR(CDCl3/TMS,500MHz)δ:2.340(s.6H),2.395(s,3H),2.659(t,J=7.0,2H),3.415(m,J=7.0,5.0,2H),3.957(s,3H),3.996(s,3H),6.776(d,J=2.5.,1H),6.849(s,1H),7.349(s,1H),7.403(d,J=2.5,1H),9.716(t,J=5.0,1H);FAB-MS m/z(%)369([M+1]+;Anal.Calcd for C21H24N2O4:C68.46,H6.57,N7.60;found C68.52,H6.52,N7.65。
同样方法可制备(17),(18),(19),(20),(21),(22)等化合物。
实施例十一:羟基蒽醌及其衍生物对肿瘤细胞株生长的抑制作用
选择部分本发明的羟基蒽醌类衍生物及天然羟醌对人口腔底癌细胞株(KB),人乳腺癌细胞株(MFC-7),(MDA-MB231)及人鼻咽癌细胞株(CNE-2)的细胞毒作用。采用MTT法,进行体外细胞毒测定。对数生长期细胞加入不同浓度的羟基蒽醌类衍生物,作用72h后,测定其吸光度.分别计算抑制细胞生长达到5096时化合物浓度,以IC50值表示,结果如表1所示.
表1:部分天然羟基蒽醌类衍生的及天然羟基蒽醌对KB,MCF-7,CNE-2及MDA-MB231的细胞毒性IC50(μg-/ml)
Claims (4)
1.式I所示的羟基蒽醌类衍生物:
式I
式I中的R1,R2,R3所代表的基团为以下各项组合之一:
(1)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OCH3,R3为CH3;
(2)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OH,R3为CH3;
(3)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OCH3,R3为H;
(4)R1为CH2N3或CH2NH2;R2为OH,R3为H。
2.权利要求1所述的羟基蒽醌类衍生物在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的应用。
3.一种用于治疗癌症的药物,其含有权利要求1所述的羟基蒽醌类衍生物以及药学上可接受的辅助剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的药物,其特征是该药物为注射剂、片剂、丸剂、胶囊、悬浮剂或乳剂。
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CN100368426C (zh) * | 2004-12-30 | 2008-02-13 | 中国人民武装警察部队医学院 | 大黄蒽醌衍生物及其制备方法和以该衍生物为活性成份的药物组合物 |
CN100406465C (zh) * | 2005-06-24 | 2008-07-30 | 江西中医学院 | 一种含葡萄吡喃糖苷基团的蒽醌苷类化合物及其用途 |
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