CN1812721A - 包含绿茶儿茶素和一种或多种多价无机阳离子的组合物 - Google Patents
包含绿茶儿茶素和一种或多种多价无机阳离子的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1812721A CN1812721A CN200480018461.6A CN200480018461A CN1812721A CN 1812721 A CN1812721 A CN 1812721A CN 200480018461 A CN200480018461 A CN 200480018461A CN 1812721 A CN1812721 A CN 1812721A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/14—Tea preparations, e.g. using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/18—Extraction of water soluble tea constituents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/16—Tea extraction; Tea extracts; Treating tea extract; Making instant tea
- A23F3/20—Removing unwanted substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本文公开了包含绿茶儿茶素和多价无机阳离子的饮料组合物,其中该饮料组合物显示较低的浊度。本发明还公开了用于避免产生与包含钙和绿茶儿茶素有关的浑浊问题的方法。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及包含绿茶儿茶素和一种或多种多价无机阳离子的组合物。上述组合物包括即饮型(RTD)饮料以及可与含水液体相结合以形成可饮用饮料的粉末和浓缩物。
发明背景
饮用茶尤其是绿茶与心血管健康和防癌方面的治疗有益效果之间的关系日益紧密。这些和其它健康有益效果归因于绿茶中未氧化的黄烷醇,即儿茶素单体。这些健康有益效果的结果是,进入即饮型饮料市场中的含茶型饮料新品种数量大幅度增长。目前,许多含茶型饮料以瓶装、罐装或纸盒装产品形式出售。许多饮料包含红茶提取物和果汁、水果芳香剂或水果香料,而其它饮料仅包含茶风味剂。当在饮料中使用红茶时,消费者没有认识到未氧化黄烷醇(绿茶儿茶素)的许多已公布的健康有益效果,这是因为红茶包含氧化聚合的黄烷醇。尽管某些饮料产品包含绿茶提取物,但这些饮料通常包含较低含量的有益儿茶素,并且典型不包含相当大量的多价无机阳离子。这些饮料还典型为褐色,或包含天然或合成着色剂以掩盖褐色,或这些饮料具有混浊的外观。目前市场上没有任何包含绿茶的饮料可拥有相对较高含量儿茶素、一种或多种多价无机阳离子和较高澄清度(即低浊度)的组合。因此,需要这种包含绿茶的饮料。
本发明的一个目的是提供包含相当大量绿茶儿茶素和一种或多种多价无机阳离子的组合物,其中当以成品饮料形式制备时,上述组合物较为澄清。在一个具体的实施方案中。该成品饮料为浅褐色,以致该饮料外观不具有茶的特征,而是类似于水。
发明概述
在一个方面中,本发明涉及强化的即饮型(RTD)饮料组合物,所述饮料组合物包含(1)至少约100ppm的绿茶儿茶素;和(2)每250mL组合物至少约10%美国参考日摄入量(RDI)的一种或多种多价无机阳离子;其中所述组合物显示不超过约150的比浊法浊度单位(NTU)的浊度。
在另一个方面中,本发明涉及一种液体浓缩物或干饮料组合物,当用适量的含水液体(如水)稀释以提供可消费饮料后,其显示上述特性。
发明详述
A.
定义
本文所用术语“植物风味剂”或“植物提取物”是指来源于除了水果以外的植物部分的风味剂。同样,植物风味剂可包括来源于坚果、树皮、根茎和树叶的那些风味剂。该术语中也包括模拟来源于天然来源的植物风味剂而制得的人造风味剂。植物风味剂的实施例包括芙蓉、金盏花、菊花等。植物风味剂也可合成制备。
本文所用术语“含热量”是指每份可饮用饮料(250mL)中来源于该饮料中的碳水化合物、蛋白质和类脂组分的总能量,以千卡(kcal)计。分别使用碳水化合物、蛋白质和类脂总含量的通用因子4、4、和9千卡每克,计算含热量(United States Code of FederalRegulations,第21章节,101.9项,Nutrition Labeling of Food)。
本文所用术语“包含”是指可在本发明饮料中共同使用多种组分。因此,术语“基本上由...组成”和“由...组成”包括在术语“包含”中。
本文所用术语“浓缩液体组合物”和“浓缩物”是指打算在作为饮料饮用前,用含水液体(例如水)稀释的本发明液体组合物。技术人员将认识到,上述组合物的浓度将由其中所含的组分以及它们在含水状态下的相对稳定性控制。可用含水液体如水使本发明的浓缩物复原,以提供本文所述的可消费饮料。
本文所用术语“可消费饮料”和“成品饮料”可交替使用,并且是指依照相关包装标记制备(如稀释)的饮料。因此,如下文所述,即饮型饮料是以无需消费者额外配制即可饮用形式出售的一种饮料。相反,干饮料组合物和浓缩物则旨在通过稀释提供可消费饮料。
本文所用术语“干饮料组合物”是指基本上不含水分(如粉末)的易流动的颗粒状组合物。典型地,上述组合物将包含按重量计至多约6%的总水分。可用含水液体如水使本发明干饮料组合物复原,以提供本文所述的可消费饮料。
本文所用术语“汁液”是指来自被压榨或榨取以提供饮料的水果和蔬菜以及其它农产品的纯的、浓缩的或稀释的汁液。汁液还指柑橘类和非柑橘类汁液,包括蔬菜汁。
本文所用术语“水果香料”是指来源自种子植物、尤其是具有与种子伴生的甘甜果肉的品种,例如苹果、橙、柠檬、酸橙等的可食用再生部分的那些风味剂。术语“水果香料”中也包括模拟来源于天然源水果香料而制得的人造风味剂。
本文所用术语“绿茶儿茶素”是指以下五种来源于绿茶的儿茶素的总含量,以百万分率(ppm)(或mg/L或μg/mL)表示:表儿茶素(EC)、表焙儿茶素(EGC)、表焙儿茶素没食子酸盐(EGCG)、倍儿茶酸没食子酸盐(GCG)、和表儿茶素没食子酸盐(ECG)。
本文所用术语“营养补充量”是指用于本发明应用中的矿物质(以及任何非必需的维生素)源提供营养量的矿物质和维生素。此补充量将提供约5%至约150%的美国参考日摄入量(RDI)。维生素和矿物质的RDI如美国所规定(United States Code of FederalRegulations,第21章节,101.9项,Nutrition Labeling of Food)。
本文所用术语“多价无机阳离子”是指典型以具有+2或更多净电荷的荷正电阳离子形式存在于溶液中的一种或多种矿物质。多价无机阳离子的非限制性实施例包括钙(Ca2+)、镁(Mg2+)、锰(Mn2+)、锌(Zn2+)和铁(Fe2+,Fe3+)。
本文所用的“即饮型”(或“RTD”)和“即用型”可交替使用,并且是指处于其推荐饮用浓度并因而即可饮用而无需用含水液体复原或稀释的本发明组合物。
本文所用的“单一强度”是指被推荐的饮用浓度,即指定饮料组合物的被推荐浓度。
本文所用术语“架藏稳定性”是指无需冷藏而可在室温下长时期储存(如大于10天)的已包装的饮料。
本文所用术语“固体”是指从茶液中提取的可溶于水的固体物质。该固体包括咖啡因、黄烷醇、氨基酸(尤其是茶氨酸)、碳水化合物、可食用酸、缓冲盐、蛋白质以及相关的物质。
本文所用术语“总不溶性钙组分”是指在下文分析方法部分(总不溶性钙组分的测量)中描述的条件下与钙缔结从而变得不溶于样本的部分样本聚集体。
本文所用术语“维生素C”是指L-抗坏血酸。术语“异抗坏血酸”是指其异构体,D-异抗坏血酸。
本文所用术语“水”包括自来水、过滤水、净化水、去离子水、去矿物质水、蒸馏水、泉水、矿泉水、自流井水、软化水、苏打水或碳酸水中的任何一种。
除非另外指明,所有百分比均按重量计。
B.
组合物
除非另外指明,本文中所提供的组分的所有极限浓度均依据单一强度饮料。
如前所述,本发明涉及RTD饮料以及浓缩液体和干饮料组合物,在用适量的含水液体(如水)稀释以提供可消费饮料后,其显示上述特性。因此,对于干组合物或浓缩物组合物而言,公认所描述的含量假定,干组合物或浓缩组合物被稀释以提供可消费饮料。即,当谈到与干组合物或浓缩组合物有关的儿茶素含量、多价阳离子含量、浊度等时,这些含量指的是适当稀释以提供可消费饮料后的组合物。
本发明组合物包含相当大量的绿茶儿茶素,已知其与多种健康有益效果有关。这些健康有益效果中的一些包括防癌、改善心血管健康和降血压。本发明组合物包含至少约100ppm的绿茶儿茶素。(同样,对于打算在饮用前稀释的组合物而言,本文所述的儿茶素含量采用适用于上述可消费饮料的稀释度。)在一个方面,该饮料组合物将包含至少约150ppm的绿茶儿茶素。在另一个方面,该饮料组合物将包含至少约200ppm的绿茶儿茶素。该饮料组合物将优选包含至少约300ppm的绿茶儿茶素,最优选至少约400ppm的绿茶儿茶素。典型地,该饮料组合物将包含约100至约3,000ppm的绿茶儿茶素。
本发明饮料组合物具有较高的澄清度(即低浊度)。在这点上,该组合物(最终可饮用形式)将显示不超过约150NTU的浊度。在另一个方面,该组合物将典型显示不超过约125NTU、最典型不超过约100NTU的浊度。本发明优选的饮料组合物将显示不超过约50NTU、甚至更优选不超过约30NTU的浊度。典型地,该饮料组合物将显示约1至约150NTU的浊度。可使用如分析方法部分中所述的实验室用浊度计,测量可消费饮料的浊度。
以每份250mL为基准,成品饮料组合物将包含至少约10%RDI的一种或多种多价无机阳离子。虽然多价无机阳离子可选自多种物质,但下面提供了优选阳离子的不完全列表。优选的多价无机阳离子可选自钙、镁、锰、锌和/或铁(二价或三价)或它们的混合物。这些矿物质的RDI值如下(United States Code of Federal Regulations,第21章节,101.9项,Nutrition Labeling of Food):钙,1000mg;镁,400mg;锰,2mg;锌,15mg;铁,18mg。这些矿物质的适宜来源包括但不限于以下这些盐:柠檬酸盐、硫酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、乳酸盐、双甘氨酸盐、氨基酸螯合物、碳酸盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、氯化物、磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、乙酸盐、延胡索酸盐和苹果酸盐。钙的优选来源是柠檬酸苹果酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、乳酸钙和乳酸葡萄糖酸钙。镁的优选来源是硫酸镁和葡萄糖酸镁。锌的优选来源是葡萄糖酸锌。铁的优选来源是氨基酸螯合双甘氨酸铁,以商品名Ferrochel购自Albion Laboratories,Inc.,Clearfield,Utah。铁的另一个优选来源是葡萄糖酸铁。非必需地,可向将本发明饮料组合物中加入其它矿物质,包括磷、碘、硒、铜、氟化物、铬、钼、钠、钾和氯化物。在一个方面,以每份250mL为基准,该组合物将包含至少约15%RDI的一种或多种多价无机阳离子。在另一个方面,以每份250mL为基准,该组合物还将包含至少约20%RDI的一种或多种多价无机阳离子。典型地,以每份250mL为基准,该组合物将包含约10%RDI至约150%RDI的一种或多种多价无机阳离子。当然,本发明的干组合物或浓缩组合物具有一定的矿物质含量,以使在将该组合物适当稀释以提供可消费饮料后,它们可提供上述范围的含量。
当组合物为供饮用的成品形式时,该组合物优选具有的pH值为约2至约6.5。在一个方面,可消费饮料具有的pH值为约2.5至约5,更优选约3至约4.5。为使没有加入着色剂的可消费饮料的深色最小化,在约3至约4.5的最优选范围内的pH值是尤其适宜的。例如,申请人惊奇地发现,即使当铁不是制剂的组成部分时,绿茶和矿物质强化的水饮料的特征在于,当pH值在最优选范围内时明显较浅的褐色。当铁是饮料制剂中添加的多价无机阳离子之一时,对于使铁阳离子和绿茶多酚组分之间的相互作用最小化而言,低pH值是尤其重要的,在较高的pH下这种交互作用可导致饮料颜色显著变深。
本发明组合物优选显示浅褐色,这对最终消费者来说是重要的。如分析方法部分中所述,测量可消费饮料在430nm处的吸光度来表征褐色。(同样,公认是使用可消费饮料测量430nm处的吸光度。因此,对于打算在饮用前稀释的组合物而言,本文所述的吸光度特性采用适用于上述可消费饮料的稀度。)430nm处的吸光度反映饮料中呈褐色的程度,该褐色是由于存在茶黄素、茶玉红精、蛋白质、叶绿素以及它们的降解产物而产生的。在一个方面,该饮料组合物在430nm处优选具有的吸光度不超过约0.15。在另一个方面,该饮料组合物在430nm处具有的吸光度不超过约0.12。在另一个方面,该饮料组合物在430nm处具有的吸光度还不超过约0.10。优选该饮料组合物在430nm处具有的吸光度不超过约0.08,最优选不超过约0.05。典型地,该饮料组合物在430nm处具有的吸光度为约0.01至约0.15。
将看到由于在430nm处的低吸光度,除优选褐色较浅之外,本发明饮料还优选总体颜色也较浅。由于成品饮料在430nm处的吸光度降低,饮料的外观与水更为类似,并且最后该外观变得几乎与水难以分辨。当饮料被包装于绿色玻璃瓶或塑料瓶中时尤其如此,装于绿色玻璃瓶或塑料瓶中对优质瓶装水(如Perrier)而言是常见的。
申请人已发现,通过在加入钙之前限制总不溶性钙组分(包括草酸)的含量,可解决与本发明饮料组合物中包含钙(通常是强化饮料中的一种优选营养物质)有关的不希望出现的溶解度问题。同样地,包括钙的本发明组合物将优选包含不超过约35ppm的草酸或其盐。更典型地,该组合物包含不超过约20ppm,还更典型不超过约7ppm的草酸或其盐。此外,当饮料组合物中包含钙时,该组合物将优选包含不超过约1000ppm的包括草酸在内的总不溶性钙组分。更典型地,该组合物将包含不超过约450ppm,还更典型不超过约250ppm的包括草酸在内的总不溶性钙组分。除去包括草酸在内的总不溶性钙组分以避免溶解度问题的优选方法描述于下文中。
在一个优选的方法中,用可溶性钙源处理茶提取物,以除去不溶性钙组分,而不会影响儿茶素的含量。典型在室温或更高的温度下,优选在大于约54℃(130°F)的温度下,进行此处理。更典型地,该反应温度大于约63℃(145°F),还更典型地,该反应温度大于约71℃(160°F)。反应时间典型为约2小时或更短。更典型地,该反应时间为约45分钟或更短;还更典型地,该反应时间为约15分钟或更短。可促进不溶性钙组分沉淀物的优选钙盐是硫酸钙、氯化钙、乙酸钙和葡萄糖酸钙。也可使用其它可溶性钙源。处理期间优选的pH小于或等于约7。按干重计,每100gm茶提取物中,加入到茶提取物中以促进不溶性钙组分沉淀物的可溶性钙浓度为约400mg至约10,000mg。对常规的绿茶提取物如市售于Plantextrakt,Inc.(Parsippany,NJ)的绿茶粉末状提取物#285060而言,所需钙量趋向于此加入范围的上限。对纳米过滤的茶提取物如Green PowerSynerTeaTM牌绿茶提取物(市售于Amax NutraSource,Inc.,Eugene,OR)而言,所需钙量趋向于此加入范围的下限。这是因为在生产SynerTeaTM牌绿茶提取物期间所用的纳米过滤方法除去了一部分较高分子量的不溶性钙组分,如果胶。在将不溶性钙组分沉淀物处理后,过滤茶提取物,以除去不溶解/悬浮的物质。在处理过的绿茶提取物中,不溶性钙组分的优选含量按干重计不超过约1%w/w。更典型地,不溶性钙组分的含量不超过约0.6%w/w;还更典型地,该含量不超过约0.1%w/w。
在一个相关的方面中,申请人已惊奇地发现,与加入钙有关的溶解度问题不与其它多价无机阳离子相冲突。同样地,当在本发明组合物中包含除钙之外的可溶性多价无机阳离子时,令人惊奇的是,无需对绿茶进行额外的处理(即降低草酸/果胶含量)。
本发明的饮料组合物将优选具有较低的含热量。在本发明的一个优选方面,按一份250mL计,该组合物所具有的含热量不超过约60千卡(kcal)。在另一个方面,按一份250mL计,该组合物典型具有的含热量不超过约30kcal,优选不超过约15kcal。在一个类似的方面,该饮料组合物将优选具有相对较低含量的碳水化合物。同样地,在一个优选的方面,按一份250mL计,该组合物所具有的碳水化合物含量不超过约15g,优选不超过约8g,还更优选不超过约4g。
当为液体浓缩物或RTD饮料时,本发明的饮料组合物包含水。即饮型饮料典型地包含约80%至约99.8%的水。优选地,该水为软水、去矿物质水或去离子水。本发明浓缩物典型包含约20%至约79%、更典型约30%至约70%的水。如果需要,饮料制剂中所用的水可充以二氧化碳;如苏打水或碳酸水。更典型地,通过将二氧化碳气体溶入到成品共混饮料中,可制备碳酸饮料。通常,如果该饮料包含按体积计大于30%,优选大于100%的溶解二氧化碳,则可认为该饮料是碳酸饮料。按所述饮料的体积计,碳酸饮料典型包含100%至450%,优选200%至350%的二氧化碳。
本发明的饮料组合物包含绿茶提取物。该提取物可得自一种茶树或茶树的混合物,并且它可为液体提取物或干粉提取物形式。优选该绿茶提取物为浅色,并且富含未氧化的黄烷醇,即儿茶素单体。优选地,按干燥的固体计,该绿茶提取物包含至少约10%的绿茶儿茶素,更优选至少约20%的儿茶素。适宜的绿茶提取物的非限制性实施例包括Green Power SynerTeaTM牌绿茶提取物(市售于AmaxNutraSource,Inc.,Eugene,OR),市售于Plantextrakt,Inc.(Parsippany,NJ)的绿茶粉末状提取物#285060,以及按照授予Ekanayake等人的美国专利5,879,733(1999)和授予Ekanayake等人的美国专利5,427,806(1995)中所描述的方法制备的绿茶提取物。当饮料制剂中不包含钙时,优选使用的绿茶提取物是Green PowerSynerTeaTM牌绿茶提取物和/或依照美国专利5,879,733中所描述的方法制备的提取物。当本发明饮料制剂中包含钙时,优选的绿茶提取物是依照上文所述方法制备的提取物,其中该提取物已被处理除去了不溶性钙组分,如草酸和果胶。本发明饮料组合物中绿茶提取物的含量可不同,只要该饮料包含至少约100ppm的绿茶儿茶素。典型地,本发明可消费饮料将包含约0.03%至约1%、更典型约0.08%至约0.5%的绿茶提取物固体。
在本发明的一个方面中,饮料组合物优选包含食品等级的酸,以降低该饮料的pH值。本发明者惊奇地发现,为降低可消费饮料的pH值而加入酸,造成430nm处更低的吸光度,即该饮料为更浅的褐色。可用于降低饮料pH值的食品等级酸的非限制性实施例包括柠檬酸、苹果酸、磷酸、酒石酸、抗坏血酸和异抗坏血酸。与向本发明饮料组合物中加入食品等级酸有关的另一个有益效果是在储存期间改善了饮料的颜色稳定性。已知茶饮料的褐色是由儿茶素单体的氧化产生的高分子量聚合物(即茶黄素和茶玉红精)而产生的。通过加入酸如柠檬酸、抗坏血酸和异抗坏血酸,可控制儿茶素的氧化,从而延缓或阻止绿茶饮料变成褐色。不受理论的束缚,据信,柠檬酸通过降低饮料的pH值和通过与已知为氧化催化剂的金属离子如铁和铜配合,有助于阻止绿茶儿茶素的氧化。据信,抗坏血酸和异抗坏血酸有助于阻止儿茶素的氧化,这是因为它们是有效的还原剂。可用于本发明饮料组合物中的优选食品等级酸是柠檬酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸和/或异抗坏血酸。
本发明饮料组合物中的其它非必需成分包括碳水化合物甜味剂、零卡路里或低卡路里高浓度甜味剂或人造甜味剂、可溶性纤维和多糖、蛋白质和/或肽、氨基酸、乳化剂、维生素、盐、天然和/或人造风味剂、风味剂增强剂、咖啡因、防腐剂、以及天然和/或人造着色剂或其它成分。
本发明饮料组合物可非必需包含天然和/或人造风味剂。可有效赋予饮料以风味剂特性的风味剂的具体量取决于所选的风味剂、所需的风味剂感觉和风味剂形式。风味剂可包括水果汁或蔬菜汁、水果或蔬菜风味剂或它们的混合物。所述汁液可以是由以下为原料制取的汗液:例如,苹果、越橘、梨、桃、李子、杏、蜜桃、葡萄、樱桃、黑醋栗、悬钩子、醋栗、黑莓、蓝莓、草莓、柠檬、酸橙、中国柑桔、橙、柚子、马铃薯、番茄、莴苣、芹菜、菠菜、卷心菜、豆瓣菜、蒲公英、大黄、胡萝卜、甜菜、黄瓜、菠萝、椰子、石榴、猕猴桃、芒果、番木瓜果、香蕉、西瓜、橘子和香瓜。优选的汁液来源于苹果、梨、柠檬、甜橙、中国柑桔、柚子、越橘、橙、草莓、橘子、葡萄、猕猴桃、菠萝、西番莲果、芒果、番石榴、悬钩子和樱桃。如柚子、橙、柠檬、酸橙、中国柑桔这类的柑桔类汁液,以及芒果、西番莲果和番石榴的汁液或它们的混合物,是最优选的。
水果汁或蔬菜汁的含量占饮料的0%至约95%,优选0%至约35%,且更优选0%至约10%。此浓度基于该饮料的原汁。
如本发明所述的风味剂还包括选自水果香料、植物风味剂、蔬菜风味剂以及它们混合物的风味剂。尤其优选的水果香料是柑橘类风味剂,包括橙风味剂、柠檬风味剂、酸橙风味剂和柚子风味剂。除柑橘类风味剂以外,还可使用多种其它水果香料,如苹果风味剂、葡萄风味剂、樱桃风味剂、菠萝风味剂等。这些水果香料可来源于天然来源如水果汁和风味剂油,或者合成制备。尤其优选的植物风味剂是芙蓉、金盏花和菊花。
风味剂还包括多种风味剂的共混物,如柠檬和酸橙风味剂、柑橘类风味剂和所选物种(典型的可乐软饮料风味剂)等。如果需要,可将该风味剂制成乳液液滴,然后分散于饮料中。因为这些液滴的比重通常小于水的比重,因此将形成分离相,可使用加重剂(其也可用作混浊剂)使该乳液液滴分散在饮料中。上述加重剂的实施例是蔗糖乙酸异丁酸酯、溴化植物油(BVO)和酯化树脂,尤其是酯胶。参见L.F.Green的“Developments in Soft Drinks Technology”第1卷,(Applied Science Publishers Ltd.1978)第87至93页,其进一步描述了加重剂和混浊剂在液体饮料中的使用。
不完全是汁液的风味剂的含量占饮料的不超过约3%,优选按所述饮料的重量计,这种风味剂组分的含量为至少0.001%,且典型为约0.01%至约3%。
本发明饮料组合物可非必需地包含防腐剂,如苯甲酸、山梨酸以及它们的盐;盐,如氯化钠、氯化钾、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、柠檬酸钠和柠檬酸钾;多糖和/或可溶性纤维,如瓜耳胶、黄原胶、藻酸酯、淀粉、果胶、麦芽糖糊精、阿拉伯树胶、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、菊糖、福莱多和聚右旋糖;蛋白质,如乳蛋白(酪蛋白和/或乳清蛋白)和大豆蛋白;乳化剂,如甘油一酯和甘油二酯以及卵磷脂;和维生素,如维生素C、A、D、E、K,以及复合维生素B,B1(硫胺)、B2(核黄素)、B3(烟酸)、B6(吡哆醇)、B12(氰钴胺)和叶酸。
通过使用标准的饮料制造和加工方法,混合适当的成分,可制备本发明的饮料组合物。例如,参见“The Chemistry and Technologyof Soft Drinks and Fruit Juices”(P.R.Ashurt,编辑,CRC Press,1998)。在制备单一强度饮料时,通常首先形成液体浓缩物或糖浆。此液体浓缩物典型地包含风味剂和/或果汁浓缩物、酸、盐、高浓度甜味剂(若使用的话)和适宜的防腐剂(若需要的话)。该液体浓缩物通常包含按重量计约30%至约70%的水。将成分加入到水中,并在常规设备中混合。如果需要,还可将绿茶提取物掺入液体浓缩物中,或可供选择地,仅在包装前将绿茶提取物加入成品共混饮料中。在形成浓缩物后,可加入额外的碳水化合物甜味剂和水,以制成准备包装的成品可消费饮料。可将该产品冷灌装或热灌装于适宜的容器中。
C.
分析方法
1.
测量绿茶儿茶素含量:
使用以下方法,测量可消费饮料或含水茶提取物中绿茶儿茶素的总含量。
a)参考文献:
A.Finger等人的“Chromatography of tea constituents”,J.Chromatogr.,(1992),624:293-315。
b)范围:
此方法用于测量可消费饮料中绿茶儿茶素的含量。使用由单独的纯标准物制成的线性响应曲线,测量饮料中的五种绿茶儿茶素(EC、EGC、EGCG、GCG和ECG)。此方法还可用于测量在将茶提取物溶解或稀释于水中以获得大约0.15%的茶固体后,含水茶提取物中绿茶儿茶素的含量。
c)原理:
通常用稀释剂(见下文)以1∶10或1∶100稀释可消费饮料,以获得位于标准曲线范围内的信号。将稀释过的样本通过0.2μm过滤器过滤,除去颗粒。然后将该样本注入在C-18反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)柱上。使用由0.01M磷酸盐缓冲剂(pH3.1)和乙腈组成的梯度流动相,洗提儿茶素。使用紫外吸光检测器,设置在280nm,进行检测。
d)设备:
A类量瓶(1000mL,10mL,5mL)
Sartorius四位天平
Supelco真空过滤部件
HP自动采样器瓶
Whatman Anotop 25(0.2μm)无机膜过滤器
5mL一次性注射器
设备设定 |
Agilent-1090 HPLC |
Agilent 1090二极管阵列检测器,设置280nm |
用于LC的Agilent Chemstation,修订版A.04.02 |
YMC碱性柱250mm×2mm 5μm,系列号:112099G |
e)试剂:
乙腈(HPLC等级,J.T.BAKER,目录号9011-03,批号N42B26)
电阻大于或等于18MΩ-cm的Milli-Q水
EDTA(Fisher Scientific,目录号S311,批号860954)
磷酸(J.T.BAKER,目录号0260-01,批号25806)
磷酸二氢钾(J.T.BAKER,目录号4008-01,批号30K0178)
亚硫酸氢钠(Sigma,目录号S9000,批号30K0178)
咖啡因(CF,Sigma,目录号C0750,批号127F-0395)
表焙儿茶素(EGC,Sigma,目录号E3768,批号61K1428)
表儿茶素(EC,Sigma,目录号E1753)
表焙儿茶素没食子酸盐(EGCG,Sigma,目录号E4143,批号61K1773)
表儿茶素没食子酸盐(ECG,Sigma,目录号E3893,批号31K1236)
倍儿茶酸没食子酸盐(GCG,Sigma,目录号G6782,批号110K1413)
f)溶液:
0.01M(1.36g/L)磷酸二氢钾缓冲剂:
称量1.36g磷酸二氢钾,放入1升容量瓶中。加入大约600mLHPLC等级的水,并搅拌直至固体溶解。用磷酸滴定至pH值为3.1。用HPLC等级的水定容。用真空过滤体系脱气。
稀释剂:
在环境条件下用于稀释样本并确保儿茶素稳定。将0.24g EDTA和1.24g亚硫酸氢钠(NaHSO3)加入910mL 0.01M的磷酸二氢钾缓冲剂中。加入90mL乙腈。
制备饮料样本:
典型地,用吸移管移取0.5mL成品饮料至5mL容量瓶中(1∶10稀释),或用吸移管移取0.1mL成品饮料至10mL容量瓶中(1∶100稀释),并用稀释剂定容。使所得溶液通过0.2μm Whatman过滤器过滤。将过滤后的样本转移到自动采样器瓶中。
配制标准溶液:
精确称量每个纯标准物(咖啡因和五种儿茶素),并将其放置于5mL或10mL容量瓶中,如下所示。加入稀释剂以溶解标准物,并将容量瓶定容。这些是标准储备液(~1000ppm)。然后,通过用稀释剂稀释标准储备液,配制标准工作液。标准储备液和工作液的精确重量和浓度示于下表中。
EGC | CF | EC | EGCG | GCG | ECG | |
体积(mL) | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
精确重量(g) | 0.0043 | 0.0105 | 0.0940 | 0.0049 | 0.0045 | 0.0044 |
储备液(μg/mL) | 860 | 1050 | 940 | 980 | 900 | 880 |
工作液(μg/mL) | 172 | 420 | 188 | 196 | 180 | 176 |
使用标准工作液,配制响应因子混合物,如下所示:
标准工作液μL | ||||||||
混合物# | EGC | 咖啡因 | EC | EGCG | ECG | GCG | 稀释剂μL | 总μL |
6 | 600 | 400 | 250 | 100 | 250 | 250 | 3150 | 5000 |
7 | 500 | 500 | 20 | 300 | 150 | 20 | 3510 | 5000 |
8 | 400 | 25 | 100 | 1200 | 200 | 100 | 2975 | 5000 |
9 | 150 | 300 | 200 | 900 | 20 | 200 | 3230 | 5000 |
10 | 50 | 100 | 300 | 650 | 300 | 300 | 3150 | 5000 |
响应因子混合物中每种标准物(咖啡因和5种儿茶素)的精确浓度如下所示:
标准物浓度(μg/mL)
混合物# | EGC | 咖啡因 | EC | EGCG | ECG | GCG |
6 | 20.64 | 33.6 | 9.4 | 3.92 | 8.8 | 9.0 |
7 | 17.2 | 42 | 0.75 | 11.76 | 5.28 | 0.72 |
8 | 13.76 | 2.1 | 3.76 | 47.04 | 7.04 | 3.6 |
9 | 5.16 | 25.2 | 7.52 | 35.28 | 0.704 | 7.2 |
10 | 1.72 | 8.4 | 11.28 | 31.36 | 10.56 | 10.8 |
g)色谱法条件:
进样量-25μL
检测器-280nm AUFS 0.100
流动相:A=水
B=0.01M磷酸二氢钾缓冲剂,pH值为3.1
C=乙腈
梯度:
0分钟1%A+90%B+9%C |
15分钟2%A+80%B+18%C |
18分钟3%A+70%B+27%B |
30分钟1%A+90%B+9%C |
45分钟停止 |
流速:0.4mL/分钟
h)计算可消费饮料中的儿茶素含量:
使用响应因子混合物的HPLC色谱图上相应于每种儿茶素标准物的峰面积,制作每种儿茶素的线性响应曲线。每个响应曲线的相关系数(r平方)典型等于或大于0.99。分析饮料样本的色谱图中每种儿茶素的峰面积。从线性响应曲线上确定饮料样本中儿茶素的含量。然后乘以所用的稀释因子(10x或100x),计算可消费饮料中儿茶素的含量。通过将所测量的五种单独儿茶素的含量相加(EGC+EC+EGCG+ECG+GCG),计算成品饮料中以ppm(μg/mL或mg/L)为单位的绿茶儿茶素总含量。
2.
测量可消费饮料的浊度:
使用Hach Model 2100AN Turbidimeter(Hach Company,Loveland,CO),测量可消费饮料的浊度。此仪器以比浊法浊度单位(NTU)为单位测量液体的浊度。首先用一系列Gelex二级浊度标准物校准该浊度计。使用以下仪器参数进行测量:比率开;信号平均开;自动量程选择;装配US EPA过滤器。将饮料平衡至室温,然后倒入到浊度计样品池中(样品池外径=25mm)。将样品池插入到仪器中,并等待30至60秒以使读数稳定后,记录浊度读数(NTU)。所测的NTU值表现出可消费饮料的浊度。较高的NTU值表明较大的浊度。
3.
测量430nm处可消费饮料的吸光度:
使用紫外可见分光光度计(Unicam UV1 UV-VisibleSpectrometer;Unicam Limited,Cambridge,United Kingdom)测量430nm处可消费饮料的吸光度。将饮料平衡至室温,然后倒入到样本比色皿(光程长为1cm)中,该比色皿被放置于分光光度计的样品槽中。将装有去离子水的空白比色皿放置于分光光度计的空白槽中。测量并记录430nm波长处饮料样本的吸光度(A)。然后,将样品槽中的比色皿替换为另一个装有去离子水的空白比色皿,测量并记录430nm处空白样本的吸光度(B)。然后,将饮料样本的吸光度减去测得的去离子水空白样本的吸光度,校正饮料样本的吸光度:
430nm处的吸光度=(A)-(B)
此方法校正了所有测得的由水贡献的吸光度。理论上,去离子水空白样本的吸光度(B)接近于零。430nm处的吸光度表明了饮料中褐色的深浅。
4.
测量pH值:
用Corning Model 440 pH Meter测量可消费饮料和含水茶提取物的pH值。在进行pH测量之前,用pH4.00和7.00的标准缓冲剂溶液(VWR Scientific,West Chester,PA)校准该pH计。
5.
测量可消费饮料中多价无机阳离子的含量:
依照以下参考文献中所述方法,用Inductively Coupled PlasmaEmission Spectrometry测量可消费饮料中矿物质钙、镁、锰、锌和铁的含量。
a)“Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic EmissionSpectrometry Analysis of Biological Materials and Soils forMajor,Trace,and Ultra-Trace Elements”,“AppliedSpectroscopy”,第32卷,第1至29页,1978年。
b)AOAC Official Method 985.01,“Metals and Other Elementsin Plants and Pet Foods”,(3.2.06,Chp.3,第4页)。
c)AOAC Official Method 984.27,“Calcium,Copper,Iron,Magnesium,Manganese,Phosphorus,Potassium,Sodium,and Zincin Infant Formula”,(50.1.15,Chp.50,第15至16页)。
所有AOAC(官方分析化学工作者协会)公布方法可见于以下参考文献中:
AOAC International,“Official Methods of Analysis”,P.Cunniff(编辑),第16版,第5次修订,1999年,Gaithersburg,MD。
每种矿物质的含量表示为每250mL饮料中的mg数。将矿物质含量除以各自的RDI值,计算每种矿物质的%RDI。
%RDI=[(mg/250mL饮料)/(RDI)]×100
这些物质的RDI值如下(United States Code of FederalRegulations,第21章节,101.9项,食物标记的营养):钙=1,000mg;镁=400mg;锰=2mg;锌=15mg;铁=18mg。
6.
测量可消费饮料的含热量和碳水化合物含量:
由饮料中碳水化合物、蛋白质和类脂含量,测定每250mL饮料中的含热量,以千卡(kcal)为单位。分别使用碳水化合物、蛋白质和类脂含量的通用因子4、4、和9kcal/g,计算每份250mL饮料中的含热量(United States Code of Federal Regulations,第21章节,101.9项,Nutrition Labeling of Food)。
含热量(kcal/250mL饮料)=[(g碳水化合物/250mL)×4]
+[(g蛋白质/250mL)×4]+[(g类脂/250mL)×9]
依照以下方法(使用转换因子6.25,将氮%转换为蛋白质%),测量蛋白质含量(g/250mL饮料):
AOAC Official Method 968.06,“Protein(Crude)in AnimalFeed”(修订),“Official Methods of Analysis”,Patricia Cunniff(编辑),第16版,第1卷,AOAC International,Gaithersburg,MD(1995)。
依照以下方法,通过酸性水解,测量类脂含量(g/250mL饮料):
AOAC Official Method 954.02,“Official Methods ofAnalysis”,第17版,第1卷,AOAC International,Gaithersburg,MD(2000)。
依照以下方法,测量灰分含量(g/250mL饮料):
AOAC Official Method 923.03,“Ash of Flour”(修订),“Official Methods of Analysis”,Patricia Cunniff(编辑),第16版,第2卷,AOAC International,Gaithersburg,MD(1995)。
依照以下方法,测量水分含量(g/250mL饮料):
AOAC Official Method 934.06,“Moisture in Dried Fruits”(修订版),“Official Methods of Analysis”,Patricia Cunniff(编辑),第16版,第2卷,AOAC International,Gaithersburg,MD(1995)。
使用以下公式,由差额计算碳水化合物含量:
碳水化合物含量(g/250mL饮料)=100-(蛋白质含量)-(类脂含量)-(灰分含量)-(水分含量)
7.
测量干饮料组合物中的水分含量:
依照以下方法,测量干饮料组合物中的水分含量:
AOAC Official Method 979.12,“Moisture(Loss on Drying)in Roasted Coffee”,《Official Methods of Analysis》,PatriciaCunniff(编辑),第16版,第5修订版,AOAC International,Gaithersburg,MD(1999)。
8.
测量草酸含量:
此方法用于测量可消费饮料和含水茶提取物中的草酸含量。
a)参考文献:
Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL(2000)第17版AOAC INTERNATIONAL,Gaithersburg,MD,USA,OfficialMethods 986.13.(修订)
b)范围:
此方法用于测量食品中草酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸、琥珀酸和乙酸的含量。
c)原理:
将样本过滤除去干扰物。然后使用HPLC,利用在214nm处紫外检测,分离有机酸。
d)设备:
A类量瓶(1000mL,10mL,5mL)
Sartorius四位天平
液相色谱仪-体系,该体系配备有7725i型注射器、可在214nm下操作的2487型可变波长检测器、0.1AUFS(Waters Associates,Inc.)、以及计算积分仪(Hewlett-Packard Integrator 3390[以No.3396B代替],或等效物)。
分析柱-(1)Supelcosil LC-18,或等效物,5μm粒度,25cm×4.6mm,串有并继之以(2)Radial-Pak C18滤芯(Water Associate,Inc.),5μm粒度,10cm长,以径向压缩模方式使用。Radial-Pak C18滤芯可替换为任何具有10μm粒度的标准25或30cm不锈钢反相C18柱。在柱1前连接Bio-Rad反相微型保护柱(ODS-10)。流动相:磷酸盐缓冲剂,流速0.8mL/min;灵敏度0.1AUFS。
e)一次性滤芯:--Sep-Pak C18(Water Associates,Inc.)
0.45μm无机膜过滤器
f)试剂:
磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)
85%的磷酸
甲醇
CH3CN
苹果酸,标准ACS等级
柠檬酸,标准ACS等级
草酸,标准ACS等级
奎尼酸,标准ACS等级
g)LC流动相:
0.2M磷酸盐缓冲剂,pH值为2.4:--
在烧杯中称量27.2g磷酸二氢钾。加水至950mL。使用pH计和85%的磷酸,将pH值调至2.4。倒入到1L量筒中,并用水定容;过滤。
配制试样和标准物
(a)
工作标准溶液-称量ACS等级的奎尼酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸和草酸各0.200g,精确到0.1mg。溶解于水中,在容量瓶中用水定容至100mL,并过滤。
(b)
试样溶液-通过在10mL Luer-Lok注射器中用10mLCH3CN-H2O(50+50)洗脱,调整处理滤芯。移去注射器,并使10mL空气通过滤芯。使十毫升样本通过调整处理过的滤芯洗脱。弃去前面的4至5mL,并收集随后的4至5mL,并过滤以进行LC分析。
测定:
用100%甲醇(或甲醇-H2O[70+30])继之以水,然后用磷酸盐缓冲剂,调整处理体系。在工作日结束时,将此顺序颠倒;不要让甲醇与磷酸盐缓冲剂接触。操作条件:-流速0.80mL/min;214nm检测器;室温;灵敏度0.1AUFS。当可使含水绿茶提取物中的糖前峰和奎尼酸之间达到基线分离时,柱体系是令人满意的。每注射2次试样后,注射5至20μL标准溶液检查线性。注射5μL试样溶液。对于标准物和试样响应,都是记录2次注射的平均值。
h)草酸的计算
草酸%=(PA/PA’)×(V’/V)×C
其中PA和PA’=分别为试样和标准物的峰面积;V和V’=分别为试样和标准物的体积;并且C=标准物的浓度,%。
9.
测量总不溶性钙组分:
此方法用于测量可消费饮料或含水茶提取物中总不溶性钙组分的含量。在2000mL烧杯中,称量1000g可消费饮料或100g 5%w/w的绿茶提取物水溶液。加入20mL 10%的氯化钙溶液。使该溶液静置1小时,然后加热至80℃,并保持30分钟。通过已去皮重的滤纸过滤。用沸水洗涤凝胶状沉淀物。然后将作为总不溶性钙组分的沉淀物干燥并称重。
D.
实施例
实施例1
依照以下配方,制备本发明的绿茶强化水饮料。
成分 | 重量百分比(%) | g/L |
去离子水 | 96.582 | 989.1 |
无水硫酸镁(Tangram Co.;Holtsville,NY)1 | 0.086 | 0.88 |
维生素预混物(Roche Vitamins,Inc.;Parsippany,NewJersey)2 | 0.029 | 0.30 |
颗粒状蔗糖(THE AMALGAMATED SUGAR CO.;OGDEN,UTAH) | 2.682 | 27.47 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾(NUTRINOVA,INC.;SOMERSET,NEW JERSEY) | 0.013 | 0.13 |
二水合柠檬酸钠(A.E.STALEY;DECATUR,ILLINOIS) | 0.155 | 1.59 |
磷酸二氢钾(ASTARIS LLC;CARTERET,NEW JERSEY) | 0.086 | 0.88 |
绿茶提取物粉末(SYNERTEATM;AMAX NUTRASOURCE,INC.;EUGENE,OREGON) | 0.147 | 1.50 |
无水柠檬酸(A.E.STALEY;DECATUR,ILLINOIS) | 0.220 | 2.25 |
总计= | 100.0 | 1,024.1 |
1硫酸镁为20.2%Mg
2每份250mL饮料中,维生素预混物提供了以下营养物质:
维生素C 22.2mg 维生素B12 0.79μg
烟酸 2.6mg 维生素E 3.96国际单位
维生素B6 0.26mg 锌 1.74mg
维生素预混物中的锌源为葡萄糖酸锌(13.4%Zn)。
称出固体成分,并在搅拌下加入去离子水中。持续搅拌直至所有成分均溶解。该成品饮料是澄清的,带有极微褐色,并且不浑浊。该饮料具有以下属性:
绿茶儿茶素含量(ppm=mg/L) | 400ppm |
浊度 | 22.3NTU |
430nm处的吸光度(2次测量的平均值) | 0.043 |
PH值 | 3.61 |
矿物质含量(每250mL饮料):镁锌 | 44mg=11.0%RDI1.7mg=11.3%RDI |
碳水化合物含量(每250mL饮料) | 7g |
含热量(每250mL饮料) | 28kcal |
该饮料被包装于绿色塑料瓶中。实际上,包装内的外观和纯水相同。
实施例2
依照以下配方,制备两种用绿茶提取物强化的水饮料制剂:
配方A成分 | 重量百分比(%) | 克/升 |
去离子水 | 97.113 | 994.53 |
无水硫酸镁(Tangram Co.;Holtsville,NY)1 | 0.086 | 0.88 |
葡萄糖酸锌(Glucona America,Inc.;Janesville,Wisconsin)2 | 0.009 | 0.09 |
颗粒状蔗糖(The Amalgamated Sugar Co.;Ogden,Utah) | 2.682 | 27.47 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾(Nutrinova,Inc.;Somerset,New Jersey) | 0.013 | 0.13 |
绿茶提取物粉末(Product #285060;Plantextrakt,Inc.,Parsippany,New Jersey) | 0.098 | 1.00 |
总计= | 100.0 | 1,024.1 |
配方B成分 | 重量百分比(%) | 克/升 |
去离子水 | 96.652 | 989.81 |
无水硫酸镁(Tangram Co.;Holtsville,NY)1 | 0.086 | 0.88 |
葡萄糖酸锌(Glucona America,Inc.;Janesville,Wisconsin)2 | 0.009 | 0.09 |
颗粒状蔗糖(The Amalgamated Sugar Co.;Ogden,Utah) | 2.682 | 27.47 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾(Nutrinova,Inc.;Somerset,New Jersey) | 0.013 | 0.13 |
二水合柠檬酸钠(A.E.Staley;Decatur,Illinois) | 0.155 | 1.59 |
磷酸二氢钾(Astaris LLC;Carteret,New Jersey) | 0.086 | 0.88 |
绿茶提取物粉末(Product #285060;Plantextrakt,Inc.,Parsippany,New Jersey) | 0.098 | 1.00 |
无水柠檬酸(A.E.Staley;Decatur,Illinois) | 0.220 | 2.25 |
总计= | 100.0 | 1,024.1 |
1硫酸镁为20.2%Mg
2葡萄糖酸锌为13.4%Zn
称出适量的固体成分,然后在搅拌下将固体成分加入去离子水中,制备每种饮料。持续搅拌直至所有成分均溶解。该成品饮料具有以下属性:
配方A | 配方B | |
绿茶儿茶素含量(ppm=mg/L) | 150ppm | 150ppm |
浊度 | 15.3NTU | 4.1NTU |
430nm处的吸光度(2次测量的平均值) | 0.302 | 0.129 |
PH值 | 5.22 | 3.60 |
矿物质含量(每250mL):镁锌 | 44mg=11.0%RDI3.0mg=20%RDI | 44mg=11.0%RDI3.0mg=20%RDI |
相对于配方A而言,配方B具有较低的pH值,并得到在430nm处具有显著较低吸光度且视觉上褐色更不明显的成品饮料。
实施例3
依照以下配方,制备本发明的强化运动饮料。
成分 | 重量百分比(%) | 克/升 |
去离子水 | 93.279 | 955.27 |
无水硫酸镁(Tangram Co.;Holtsville,NY)1 | 0.154 | 1.58 |
葡萄糖酸锌(Glucona America,Inc.;Janesville,Wisconsin)2 | 0.009 | 0.09 |
双甘氨酸合铁(Ferrochel,Albion Laboratories,Inc.,Clearfield,Utah)3 | 0.004 | 0.04 |
麦芽糖糊精,15DE(Maltrin M150,Grain ProcessingCorp.,Muscatine,Iowa) | 3.095 | 31.70 |
颗粒状蔗糖(The Amalgamated Sugar Co.;Ogden,Utah) | 2.682 | 27.47 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾(Nutrinova,Inc.;Somerset,New Jersey) | 0.013 | 0.13 |
二水合柠檬酸钠(A.E.Staley;Decatur,Illinois) | 0.155 | 1.59 |
氯化钠(IMC Salt,Inc.;Overland Park,Kansas) | 0.033 | 0.34 |
磷酸二氢钾(Astaris LLC;Carteret,New Jersey) | 0.086 | 0.88 |
绿茶提取物粉末(SynerTeaTM;Amax NutraSource,Inc.;Eugene,Oregon) | 0.110 | 1.13 |
无水柠檬酸(A.E.Staley;Decatur,Illinois) | 0.244 | 2.50 |
FD&C红色40号粉末(B.F.Goodrich,Cleveland,Ohio) | 0.005 | 0.05 |
天然风味剂(Mane,Inc.,Milford,Ohio) | 0.130 | 1.33 |
总计= | 100.0 | 1,024.1 |
1硫酸镁为20.2%Mg
2葡萄糖酸锌为13.4%Zn
3双甘氨酸合铁(Ferrochel)为20.2%Fe
称出固体成分,并在搅拌下加入去离子水中。持续搅拌直至所有成分均溶解。然后在搅拌下加入天然风味剂。成品饮料具有以下属性。
绿茶儿茶素含量(PPM=MG/L) | 300PPM |
浊度 | 4.1NTU |
PH值 | 3.47 |
矿物质含量(每250ML):镁锌铁 | 80MG=20%RDI3.0mg=20%RDI2.0mg=11%RDI |
碳水化合物含量(每250ML饮料) | 15.0G |
含热量(每250ML饮料) | 60KCAL |
实施例4
如下制备与钙相容的纳米过滤的绿茶提取物。向100g 5%w/w的SynerTeaTM绿茶提取物水溶液中,加入0.22g二水合硫酸钙,并搅拌15分钟。将处理过的提取物加热至75.6℃(168°F),并保持10分钟。然后将该提取物冷却,并通过0.45微米的过滤器过滤。由此获得的过滤后的提取物不含不溶性钙组分如草酸,并且在静置时不产生沉淀物。
处理前 | 处理后 | |
绿茶提取物溶液的pH | 5.24 | 5.03 |
绿茶儿茶素含量(按干重计每100g的g数) | 2.56 | 2.50 |
不溶性钙组分(按干重计每100g的g数) | 3.16 | N.D. |
草酸含量(按干重计每100g的g数) | 2.62 | <0.1 |
N.D.=未检出
实施例5
如下制备与钙相容的绿茶提取物。向100g 5%w/w的Plantextrakt(#285060)绿茶提取物水溶液中,加入1.6g二水合氯化钙,并搅拌15分钟。将处理过的提取物加热至75.6℃(168°F),并保持10分钟。然后冷却该提取物,并通过Whatman 1号滤纸,然后通过0.45微米过滤器过滤。由此获得的过滤后的提取物不含不溶性钙组分如草酸和果胶,并且在静置时不产生沉淀物。
处理前 | 处理后 | |
绿茶提取物溶液的pH | 5.70 | 5.08 |
绿茶儿茶素含量(按干重计每100g的g数) | 1.50 | 1.60 |
不溶性钙组分(按干重计每100g的g数) | 4.94 | N.D. |
草酸含量(按干重计每100g的g数) | 2.62 | <0.1 |
N.D.=未检出
实施例6
依照以下配方,制备本发明的钙和绿茶提取物强化水饮料。在加入前,使用上文实施例5中所述的方法,处理Plantextrakt绿茶提取物(5%w/w)的水溶液,除去不溶性钙组分如草酸和果胶。
成分 | 重量百分比(%) | 克/升 |
去离子水 | 93.309 | 955.58 |
无水硫酸镁(Tangram Co.;Holtsville,NY)1 | 0.086 | 0.88 |
维生素预混物(Roche Vitamins,Inc.;Parsippany,NewJersey)2 | 0.029 | 0.30 |
颗粒状蔗糖(THE AMALGAMATED SUGAR CO.;OGDEN,UTAH) | 2.682 | 27.47 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾(NUTRINOVA,INC.;SOMERSET,NEW JERSEY) | 0.013 | 0.13 |
二水合柠檬酸钠(A.E.STALEY;DECATUR,ILLINOIS) | 0.155 | 1.59 |
磷酸二氢钾(ASTARIS LLC;CARTERET,NEW JERSEY) | 0.086 | 0.88 |
来自实施例5的处理过的绿茶提取物水溶液 | 2.94 | 30.11 |
无水柠檬酸(A.E.STALEY;DECATUR,ILLINOIS) | 0.220 | 2.25 |
葡萄糖酸钙(Glucona America,Inc.;Janesville,Wisconsin)3 | 0.480 | 4.92 |
总计= | 100.0 | 1,024.1 |
1硫酸镁为20.2%Mg
2每份250mL成品饮料中,维生素预混物提供了以下营养物质:
维生素C 22.2mg 维生素B12 0.79μg
烟酸 2.6mg 维生素E 3.96国际单位
维生素B6 0.26mg 锌 1.74mg
维生素预混物中的锌源为葡萄糖酸锌(13.4%Zn)。
3葡萄糖酸钙为9.31%Ca
称出固体成分,并在搅拌下加入去离子水中。然后,加入来自实施例5的处理过的绿茶提取物溶液,并持续搅拌,直至所有成分均溶解。该成品饮料是澄清的,没有浑浊。该饮料具有以下属性:
绿茶儿茶素含量(ppm=mg/L) | 227ppm |
浊度 | 30NTU |
PH值 | 3.63 |
矿物质含量(每250mL饮料):镁锌钙 | 44mg=11.0%RDI1.7mg=11.3%RDI115mg=11.5%RDI |
碳水化合物含量(每250mL饮料) | 7g |
含热量(每250mL饮料) | 28kcal |
尽管已说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但对于本领域的技术人员显而易见的是,在不背离本发明的精神和保护范围的情况下可作出许多其它的变化和修改。因此,有意识地在附加的权利要求书中包括属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (12)
1.一种即饮型饮料组合物,所述组合物包含(1)至少100ppm的绿茶儿茶素,和(2)每250mL所述组合物至少10%RDI的一种或多种多价无机阳离子;其中所述饮料组合物显示不超过150的比浊法浊度单位(NTU)的浊度。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,所述组合物包含至少200ppm,优选至少300ppm,优选400ppm的绿茶儿茶素。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,所述组合物显示不超过100NTU,优选不超过50NTU的浊度。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物包含至少10%RDI的钙和不超过1000ppm的总不溶性钙组分。
5.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述多价无机阳离子选自镁、锰、锌、铁以及它们的混合物,并且所述组合物基本不含钙。
6.如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的组合物,其中所述组合物在430nm处显示的吸光度不超过0.15,并且pH值为2至5。
7.一种干组合物或浓缩的液体组合物,当所述组合物用含水液体复原或稀释时,所述组合物提供可消费饮料,所述饮料包含(a)至少100ppm的绿茶儿茶素,和(b)按每份250mL计,至少10%RDI的一种或多种多价无机阳离子;其中所述可消费饮料显示不超过150的比浊法浊度单位(NTU)的浊度。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物,在所述组合物被复原或稀释以提供可消费饮料后,所述组合物显示不超过100NTU,优选不超过50NTU的浊度。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的组合物,其中在所述组合物被复原或稀释以提供可消费饮料后,所述组合物包含至少约10%RDI的钙和不超过1000ppm的总不溶性钙组分。
10.如权利要求7或8所述的组合物,其中所述多价阳离子选自镁、锰、锌、铁以及它们的混合物,并且所述组合物基本不含钙。
11.如权利要求7至10中任一项所述的组合物,其中在所述组合物被复原或稀释以提供可消费饮料后,所述组合物在430nm处显示的吸光度不超过0.15,并且pH值为2至5。
12.一种处理荼提取物的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)提供液体形式的荼提取物,
(b)将所述茶提取物和可溶性钙源混合,
(c)在足以形成不溶性钙组分沉淀物的条件下,使所述荼提取物和可溶性钙源互相作用,和
(d)从所述茶提取物中分离所述不溶性钙组分。
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JP6959381B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-11-02 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | 抹茶風味付与剤及びこれを含有する緑茶飲料 |
JP6836672B1 (ja) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-03-03 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | ピラジン類及びナトリウムを含有する飲料 |
US20220305065A1 (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Baban, Nasrollahi, Stoddard Holdings LLC | Health-promoting beverages |
WO2023156538A1 (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2023-08-24 | Ekaterra Research and Development UK Limited | A zinc fortified herbal composition |
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GB860240A (en) * | 1956-06-04 | 1961-02-01 | Unilever Ltd | Improvements in or relating to beverages |
US4680193A (en) * | 1985-05-08 | 1987-07-14 | Nestec S.A. | Solubilization of tea in cold water with catechin |
JPS63160567A (ja) * | 1986-12-25 | 1988-07-04 | Shiraimatsu Shinyaku Kk | 健康飲料組成物 |
US4946701A (en) | 1989-08-04 | 1990-08-07 | Procter & Gamble | Beverages |
US4935256A (en) | 1989-10-31 | 1990-06-19 | Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making green tea solids |
JP2850151B2 (ja) * | 1990-02-02 | 1999-01-27 | 日研フード本社株式会社 | 抗酸化ミネラル飲料及びその製造法 |
JPH07102081B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-06 | 1995-11-08 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | ウーロン茶飲料の製造方法 |
AU1525695A (en) | 1994-01-10 | 1995-08-01 | Procter & Gamble Company, The | Tea extract and process for preparing |
US5464619A (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-11-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Beverage compositions containing green tea solids, electrolytes and carbohydrates to provide improved cellular hydration and drinkability |
US5427806A (en) | 1994-08-08 | 1995-06-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making a stable green tea extract and product |
CN1071546C (zh) | 1994-08-08 | 2001-09-26 | 普罗克特和甘保尔公司 | 含茶和果汁的颜色稳定的组合物 |
US6063428A (en) * | 1996-02-26 | 2000-05-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Green tea extract subjected to cation exchange treatment and nanofiltration to improve clarity and color |
US5707670A (en) * | 1996-08-29 | 1998-01-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Use of bilayer forming emulsifiers in nutritional compositions comprising divalent mineral salts to minimize off-tastes and interactions with other dietary components |
US5827560A (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 1998-10-27 | Nestec S.A. | Process for producing cold water soluble tea extract |
JPH11266841A (ja) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-05 | Fukujuen:Kk | カテキンを強化した緑茶入り麦茶ティーバック |
JP3378577B1 (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-02-17 | 花王株式会社 | 飲 料 |
JP3338705B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-18 | 2002-10-28 | 花王株式会社 | 容器詰飲料の製造方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-06-28 AU AU2004257595A patent/AU2004257595B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-28 JP JP2006518714A patent/JP2007521010A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-06-28 BR BRPI0412297-6A patent/BRPI0412297A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-06-28 CA CA2783153A patent/CA2783153A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-28 CN CN200480018461.6A patent/CN1812721A/zh active Pending
- 2004-06-28 WO PCT/US2004/020872 patent/WO2005006871A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-06-28 MX MXPA06000053A patent/MXPA06000053A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-06-28 CA CA2530106A patent/CA2530106C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-28 EP EP04756343A patent/EP1638407A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-07-01 US US10/883,446 patent/US7419693B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-07-03 US US12/167,301 patent/US20080268129A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-12-04 JP JP2009276796A patent/JP2010075207A/ja active Pending
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2012129731A1 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2012-10-04 | The Coca-Cola Company | Tea beverage containing peptide, and green tea extract, and preparation processes thereof |
CN106061291A (zh) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-10-26 | 雅培公司 | 使用绿茶提取物来增加骨骼肌蛋白质合成的方法 |
CN109073636A (zh) * | 2016-04-27 | 2018-12-21 | 化工产品开发公司Seppic | 用于评估组合物预防肌肉损伤和疲劳的能力的方法;食品补充剂和药物 |
CN116322341A (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2023-06-23 | 三得利控股株式会社 | 含锌的绿茶饮料 |
Also Published As
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JP2007521010A (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
JP2010075207A (ja) | 2010-04-08 |
US20050003068A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
MXPA06000053A (es) | 2006-03-21 |
US20080268129A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
BRPI0412297A (pt) | 2006-09-19 |
CA2530106A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
EP1638407A1 (en) | 2006-03-29 |
AU2004257595A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
CA2530106C (en) | 2012-08-21 |
WO2005006871A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
AU2004257595B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
CA2783153A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
US7419693B2 (en) | 2008-09-02 |
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