CN109073636A - 用于评估组合物预防肌肉损伤和疲劳的能力的方法;食品补充剂和药物 - Google Patents
用于评估组合物预防肌肉损伤和疲劳的能力的方法;食品补充剂和药物 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
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- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5044—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics involving specific cell types
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于评估化学物质(S)或化学组合物(C)预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤的能力的方法;可食用组合物(CA),该可食用组合物包含至少一种多价金属阳离子(C金属)盐、至少一种在维生素E或维生素E乙酸酯之间选择的化合物(VE)、至少一种可食用多酚化合物,该可食用多酚化合物选自黄酮醇家族的化合物、花色素苷家族的化合物、酚酸家族的化合物、以及黄酮醇家族和/或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物,其中摩尔比(C金属)/(VE)至少为0.50且不大于2.00;其在通过疗法治疗人体的方法中作为食品补充剂、或用于制备食品补充剂组合物、或作为预防由强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和/或肌肉损伤的药物的用途。
Description
本发明涉及一种体外测试方法,该方法旨在选择用于预防和/或减少由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤的化学物质或化学组合物。
本发明的主题也是上述化学组合物和食品补充剂,以及包含其的药物。
剧烈的或长时间的肌肉活动的任何时期都可能导致被认为是肌无力的人类肌肉性能降低。肌无力可以涉及身体的所有肌肉,并且更具体地涉及骨骼肌,例如像肢体的肌肉。根据其强度,肌无力的特征在于简单的“肌肉疲劳”,或者其他与肌肉力量丧失、调动肌肉困难、以及移动困难(在肢体的运动肌肉的情况下)相关的病理状态。
根据定义,如果肌无力在短时间段内(可以在从几分钟至几个小时的范围内)是可逆的,则其被描述为肌肉疲劳,也就是说,根据Scherrer和Monod关于身体活动的定义:“肌肉活动后,肌肉的工作能力的短暂下降,发生于通过休息可逆的运动中枢的持续水平的刺激[Scherrer等人,“le travail musculaire local et la fatigue chez l’homme”[Local muscle work and fatigue in human beings[人类的局部肌肉劳动和疲劳]”];J.Physiol.[生理学报](Paris[巴黎])1960;52:419-501。
另一方面,当肌无力缓慢逆转或难以逆转,并且与肌肉的结构变化相关时,它被认为是运动诱导的肌肉损伤(EIMD)。肌肉损伤导致肌肉立即无力,这可在持续若干天后消失。此外,由于这种肌肉损伤,在受试者进行不正常或过度的身体运动之后,所涉及的肌肉可能膨胀、变得疼痛和/或僵硬,持续几天的时期;这种现象被称为“迟发性肌肉酸痛”(DOMS)[Allen DG等人,“Mechanisms of stretch-induced muscle damage in normal anddystrophic muscle:role of ionic changes[正常和营养不良肌肉中拉伸诱导的肌肉损伤的机制:离子变化的作用]”;J.Physiol.[生理学报]2005年9月15日;567(Pt 3):723-35]。
通常,肌肉疲劳被认为是缺乏能量和关键代谢物的结果,这些代谢物允许肌肉收缩以响应增长的能量需求。长时间的身体活动后,即使神经系统这样要求,肌肉也会疲劳并且不能再收缩[Baird MF等人,“Creatine-kinase-and exercise-related muscle damageimplications for muscle performance and recovery[肌酸激酶和运动相关的肌肉损伤对肌肉性能和恢复的影响]”;J.Nutr.Metab.[营养与代谢杂志]2012;Epub 2012年1月11日]。有若干种与肌肉疲劳相关的生物学机制。最重要的是肌肉酸中毒和ATP耗竭,这是由于消耗增加或缺乏产生ATP的底物,例如像葡萄糖、糖原或血糖。肌肉酸中毒是乳酸的产生(其在不存在氧气的情况下在糖酵解期间发生)的结果。该乳酸迅速转化为乳酸盐并转化为水合氢离子。一部分的乳酸盐扩散出肌细胞并发现于血液中;这一比例的乳酸盐被称为血清乳酸盐。水合氢离子的产生诱导了pH的降低和肌酸中毒的发生,这干扰肌肉收缩机制。
与肌肉疲劳相关的这些机制可以通过许多生物学标志(例如乳酸盐、氨水或氧嘌呤(例如像次黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤))监测。血清乳酸盐是最熟知的肌肉疲劳生物学标志,因为其血液中含量的增加显示了需氧ATP产生是不足的并且需要补充其厌氧产生。
此外,已经观察到血清乳酸盐随着运动变得更加剧烈而增加[Finsterer J,“Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue during exercise[运动期间外周肌肉疲劳的生物标志]”;BMC Musculoskelet Disord.[BMC肌肉骨骼障碍],2012;13:218]。收缩时的骨骼肌也会释放肌肉因子,这是由肌肉产生的细胞因子。在这些肌肉因子中,可以提及白细胞介素6、白细胞介素8和白细胞介素15(IL-6、IL-8、IL-15)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、白血病抑制因子(LIF)、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF-21代表成纤维细胞生长因子21)和卵泡抑素样蛋白(FSTL-1代表卵泡抑素样1)。
在这些肌肉因子中,已知IL-6的产生响应于肌肉收缩而呈指数增加。它与运动的持续时间、其强度、所涉及的肌肉工作以及受试者的耐力能力相关。
在身体运动期间,IL-6似乎充当激素,以调动细胞外基质或增加底物(例如像葡萄糖)的供应[Finsterer J.“Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue duringexercise.[运动期间外周肌肉疲劳的生物标志]BMC Musculoskelet Disord[BMC肌肉骨骼障碍]”;2012;13:218]。
在休息时的健康受试者中,不存在或存在非常少量的IL-6浓度,该IL-6浓度在身体运动期间增加且增加到非常高的水平[Febbraio MA et al.,“Muscle-derivedinterleukin-6:mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles[肌肉来源的白细胞介素-6:激活机制和可能的生物学作用]”;FASEB J.[FASEB杂志]2002;16:1335-47]。高血浆水平的IL-6与身体运动期间疲劳感的增加(这导致受过训练的跑步者的表现显著下降)相关[Robson-Ansley PJ等人,“Acute interleukin-6administrationimpairs athletic performance in healthy,trained male runners[急性白细胞介素-6给予损害了健康的、受过训练的男性跑步者的运动性能]”;Can J Appl Physiol.[加拿大应用生理杂志]2004年8月;29(4):411-8]。
运动前消耗碳水化合物或富含碳水化合物的饮食可以减少IL-6对身体运动的响应。因此,已经提出IL-6在身体运动期间充当葡萄糖调节激素并且由肌肉或肝脏释放以维持血糖稳态。
如先前所定义的,不正常或强力的身体运动可引发各种强度的肌肉受伤或损伤(EIMD)。肌肉受伤的特征在于结构异常(例如肌节水平的障碍和膜损伤),诱导细胞组分的释放、肌肉蛋白和细胞渗透性退化的增加、以及炎性过程(包括细胞因子的释放和通过吞噬细胞的浸润)[Allen DG等人,“Skeletal muscle fatigue:cellular mechanisms[骨骼肌疲劳:细胞机制]”;Physiol Rev.[生理学评论]2008;88:287-332;Baird MF等人J.Nutr.Metab.[营养与代谢杂志]2012;Epub 2012年1月11日]。肌肉损伤诱导一系列事件,这些事件导致立即酸痛或随着时间推移而延迟的酸痛。肌肉酸痛是指受试者在进行身体运动期间或之后的立即酸痛。肌肉酸痛与肌肉僵硬、不舒服的酸痛和/或肌肉敏感性相关。与之前所述的延迟性酸痛(DOMS)相比,这些症状仅持续几个小时并且相对短暂。
其症状与先前所述的相同,但是它们的发生是在身体运动结束后延迟24小时。它们维持72小时,并在接下来的5到7天内缓慢缓解[Lewis PB等人“Muscle soreness anddelayed-onset muscle soreness[肌肉酸痛和迟发性肌肉酸痛]”Clin.Sports Med.[临床运动医学杂志]2012;31:255-62]。
延迟性酸痛也被认为是运动受伤的最常见和复发的形式[Cheung K等人,“Delayed onset muscle soreness:treatment strategies and performance factors[延迟性肌肉酸痛:治疗策略和性能因素]”Sports Med.[运动医学]2003;33:145-64]。
肌纤维蛋白释放到血液中可以在从肌肉损伤到肌肉酸痛范围内的整个连续过程(continuum)的若干个步骤中发生。已知的肌肉损伤的生物学标志是例如肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶。在这些标志中,肌酸激酶是一种关键酶,当肌肉受损发生时肌酸激酶会释放到血液中。由于肌酸激酶具有几乎仅存在于肌肉组织中的特征,因此通常在血清中进行测定,以评估肌肉损伤和受伤[Baird MF等人“Creatine-kinase-and exercise-related muscledamage implications for muscle performance and recovery[肌酸激酶和运动相关的肌肉损伤对肌肉表现和恢复的影响].J Nutr Metab.[营养与代谢杂志]2012;Epub 2012年1月11日。
为了预防或治疗与肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤相关的影响,有必要开发有效的化学物质或化学组合物,以便将它们给予至可能产生强体力活动的受试者或已经产生强体力活动以致造成身体疲劳和肌肉损伤的出现的受试者。
更具体地,此类化学物质或化学组合物的给予可以是口服地或胃肠外地给予,并且甚至更具体地是以片剂、凝胶胶囊、颗粒或软胶囊的形式作为食品补充剂口服地给予。
此类化学物质或化学组合物的口服给予还可以采取包含所述化学物质或化学组合物的食品组合物的形式。
用于预防和治疗与肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤相关的影响的有效化学物质或化学组合物的开发需要漫长且昂贵的研究过程,因为其涉及在制备物质或组合物的阶段与评估所述物质或组合物的生物学性能的阶段之间的迭代途径。
为了改进该过程的生产率,用于评估生物学性能的方法(该方法可用于培养基通量)优选用于筛选和选择有效的化学物质和化学组合物,这涉及不进行涉及临床研究模型或涉及在临床研究期间获得的活组织检查模型的评估方法。
此外,使用动物细胞模型或涉及动物的生物学评估方法不太相关,因为动物的新陈代谢不同于人类的新陈代谢。
因此,需要开发一种用于选择化学物质或化学组合物(该化学物质或化学组合物使得可能预防或减少由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤)的方法,该方法是一种体外方法,能够在筛选途径中可用于培养基通量,不涉及动物细胞,是可再现的、敏感的、区别的和有效的(具体地,通过使得可能同时评估所测试的物质或组合物对肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤的影响),最后,该方法适合人类营养市场。
出于本申请的目的,术语“筛选”表示旨在研究、鉴定、分选生物活性分子的技术的实施。在该途径中,仅选择根据一种或多种测试具有相关活性的分子。
人类的临床研究具体在训练阶段的运动男性和运动女性中或在施加身体运动周期的个体中进行。这些方法与评估产物的功效有关,但不适用于筛选和选择若干种成分。例如,Beijer等人研究了在六周训练期间的另外的振动对二十六名男性受试者的血管生成响应的影响。收集血清以测定MMP-2、MMP-9、VEGF和内皮抑素,它们是血管生成的、也是内皮细胞的增殖能力的生物学标志[等人,“Whole-body vibrations do not elevatethe angiogenic stimulus when applied during resistance exercise[在抗组运动期间施用时,全身振动不提高血管生成刺激]”;PLoS One[公共科学图书馆·综合].2013年11月15日;8(11):e80143。
其他参考文献是指进行肌肉活组织检查期间的临床研究。
例如,在13个久坐不动的受试者(其中在施加六周的身体训练时期之前和之后评估了耗氧量和胰岛素敏感性)中进行了临床研究。在耗氧量大约为65%的情况下,在稳定状态的蹬踏运动之前和之后60分钟,从其中的8个获取的肌肉活组织检查。
该研究使得可能分析活组织检查中肌肉内甘油三酯和脂滴包被蛋白2和脂滴包被蛋白5的氧化能力和含量[Shepherd SO等人,“Resistance training increases skeletalmuscle oxidative capacity and net intramuscular triglyceride breakdown intype I and II fibres of sedentary males[抗组训练增加久坐男性的I型和II型纤维中骨骼肌氧化能力和净肌肉内甘油三酯分解]”;Exp.Physiol.[实验生理学]2014年6月;99(6):894-908]。
另一项临床研究在不同年龄和不同身体运动水平的健康受试者中研究了鸢尾素蛋白的生理学[Huh JY等人,“Exercise-induced irisin secretion is independent ofage or fitness level and increased irisin may directly modulate musclemetabolism through AMPK activation[运动诱导的鸢尾素分泌与年龄或健康水平无关,以及增加的鸢尾素可通过AMPK激活直接调节肌肉代谢]”;J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.[临床内分泌与代谢杂志]2014年11月;99(11):E2154-61]。鸢尾素已被提议作为涉及运动对棕色脂肪组织的影响的肌肉因子。为了更好地理解其作用,在跑步机上的受试者进行身体运动后,诸位作者在老年的和年轻的、身体活动的或久坐的受试者中测定了鸢尾素。在8周时期的跑步训练之前和之后,他们还对年轻的、受过适度训练的受试者进行了活组织检查。这些样品允许分析身体运动诱导的基因表达调节。
其他参考文献还是指对动物中身体运动的影响的研究。具体地,可以提及一项关于身体运动对肌少症的有益影响的研究[Cisterna B等人“Adapted physical exerciseenhances activation and differentiation potential of satellite cells in theskeletal muscle of old mice[适应性身体运动增强了年老的小鼠的骨骼肌中卫星细胞的激活和分化潜能]”;J.Anat.[解剖学杂志]2016年1月6日.doi:10.1111/joa.12429]。在此上下文中,在跑步机上进行身体运动的28个月大的小鼠中,原位评估卫星细胞(肌肉再生中的贡献细胞)的量和激活,以及它们的增殖和分化潜能。这项研究使得可能显示,身体运动是一种用于对抗肌少症和与年龄相关的卫星细胞恶化的强大的非药物途径。
关于体外研究的许多参考文献涉及用于鼠肌细胞(具体地,C2C12和L6鼠系的细胞(它们分别是小鼠和大鼠成肌细胞系,能够快速分化以形成能够收缩的肌管和能够产生肌肉蛋白))的方法。
在这方面,可以提及:
-关于鸢尾素蛋白对C2C12肌细胞的代谢、基因表达和线粒体含量的影响的研究[Vaughan RA等人,“Characterization of the metabolic effects of irisin onskeletal muscle in vitro[鸢尾素在体外对骨骼肌的代谢作用的表征]”;DiabetesObes.Metab.[糖尿病肥胖与代谢]2014年8月;16(8):711-8];
-关于对暴露于UV-B辐射、或暴露于低温和高温、或暴露于低pH的C2C12成肌细胞和肌管中骨骼肌发育和稳态所必需的细胞凋亡的机制的研究[Battistelli M等人,“Skeletal Muscle Cell Behavior After Physical Agent Treatments[物理试剂治疗后的骨骼肌细胞行为]”;Curr.Pharm.Des.[现代药物设计]2015;21(25):3665-72];
-关于使用如下方法进行的肌管功能响应的研究,该方法包括采样和分离大鼠肌管的步骤,然后是用肌酸治疗的步骤或电刺激以模拟慢性身体运动的步骤[McAleer CW等人,“Mechanistic investigation of adult myotube response to exercise and drugtreatment in vitro using a multiplexed functional assay system[使用多重功能测定系统对成人肌管响应于运动和药物治疗的机制研究]”;J.Appl.Physiol.[应用生理学杂志](1985).2014年12月1日;117(11):1398-405];
-使用涉及大鼠L6肌肉线的细胞的评估方法(该评估方法包括刺激所述肌肉线的步骤),以通过添加钙离子载体A23187来模拟与身体运动相关的应激的研究;该研究使得可能显示,蓝莓提取物中包括的多酚对活性氧物种的产生以及对乳酸脱氢酶和肌酸激酶的释放都有保护作用[Hurst RD等人,“Blueberry fruit polyphenolics suppress oxidativestress-induced skeletal muscle cell damage in vitro[蓝莓果实多酚在体外抑制氧化应激诱导的骨骼肌细胞损伤]”;Mol.Nutr.Food Res.[分子营养学与食品研究]2010年3月;54(3):353-63];
-关于体外研究的其他参考文献涉及如下方法,这些方法涉及人骨骼肌细胞。在这方面,可以提及如下研究,该研究使用涉及从受试者获取的人骨骼肌细胞的评估方法,以通过向培养基中添加鸢尾素来研究葡萄糖和脂肪酸的消耗、以及在这些相同的鸢尾素刺激的培养物上研究与葡萄糖、糖原和脂质代谢相关的基因的表达的诱导[Huh JY等人,“Exercise-induced irisin secretion is independent of age or fitness level andincreased irisin may directly modulate muscle metabolism through AMPKactivation[运动诱导的鸢尾素分泌与年龄或健康水平无关,以及增加的鸢尾素可通过AMPK激活直接调节肌肉代谢]”;J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab.[临床内分泌与代谢杂志]2014年11月;99(11):E2154-61]。
似乎现有技术没有披露用于选择化学物质或化学组合物的体外方法,该化学物质或化学组合物使得可能同时预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤,该体外方法能够在筛选途径中可用于培养基通量,不涉及动物细胞,是可再现的、敏感的、区别的和有效的,并且该体外方法适合于人类营养市场。
更具体地,现有技术既未披露也未教导涉及人原代骨骼肌细胞且包括通过添加离子载体剂进行刺激的步骤的此类选择方法。
因此,不存在适合且有效的体外测试方法(其能够适合于培养基通量),这妨碍了有效的食品产物或食品的开发,这些食品产物或食品使得可能同时预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤。
根据第一方面,本发明的主题是一种用于评估化学物质(S)或化学组合物(C)预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤的能力的方法,所述方法的特征在于它包括:
-步骤a):培养人原代骨骼肌细胞;
-步骤b):分化在步骤a)中获得的细胞以获得肌管;
-步骤c):使化学物质(S)或化学组合物(C)与在步骤b)中获得的细胞培养基接触;
-步骤d):使至少一种钙离子载体剂(AI)与在步骤c)中获得的细胞培养基接触;
-步骤e):测量生物学标志的组合的表达水平,这些生物学标志包含以下或由以下组成:
-血糖稳态的至少一种生物学标志(M1),选自由肌肉产生的肌肉因子或细胞因子组成的组的要素,
-肌肉病变的至少一种生物学标志(M2),选自肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶,
-ATP代谢的至少一种生物学标志(M3),选自由乳酸盐、氨水和氧嘌呤组成的组的要素,
这在步骤d)中获得的培养基中进行;以及
-步骤f):将在步骤e)中测量的所述三种生物学标志(M1)、(M2)和(M3)的每一种的表达水平与这三种生物学标志的每一种的参考表达水平进行比较。
在本发明的上下文中,表达“预防肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤的能力”旨在意指如下能力,该能力缩短观察到肌肉性能下降(该下降与进行强体力活动后的肌无力相关)的时期,以及降低进行强体力活动后肌肉中结构变化的强度。
在本发明的上下文中,术语“强体力活动”旨在意指出于克服阻力和/或实现表现(例如,通过使一个人的肌肉收缩来进行身体或一个人的肢体的运动)而调动和使用一个人的身体力量。
术语“原代骨骼肌细胞”表示直接从骨骼肌提取的细胞。
术语“肌管”表示通过在肌生成期间融合若干个肌管而形成的多核细胞。然后肌管分化成肌纤维。成肌细胞是负责骨骼肌形成的干细胞。
出于本发明的目的,术语“离子载体剂”旨在意指能够催化离子通过疏水膜(例如活细胞或囊泡的脂质双层)的转运的“离子转运体”。具体地,钙离子载体能够使钙离子进入肌肉细胞,从而模仿身体运动。在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤d)中使用的钙离子载体剂(AI)中,更具体地可以提及白僵菌素、离子霉素、卡西霉素(或A23187),并且最具体地是卡西霉素(或A23187)。
出于本发明的目的,术语“生物学标志”旨在意指作为为正常生物学过程、致病过程或对外部干预的药理学响应的指标而客观测量和评估的特征。生物学标志可以例如是检测指示具体病理状态的物质,或者相反,检测显示具体的生理状态的物质。
表达“血糖稳态的生物学标志(M1)”意指如先前所定义的生物学标志,其表达的变化与血糖稳态相关。在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤e)中测量的表达水平的血糖稳态的生物学标志(M1)中,更具体地可以提及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、白细胞介素-15(IL-15)、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、白血病抑制因子(LIF),并且最具体地是白细胞介素-6,
术语“血糖稳态”旨在意指不管外部应激,特别在强体力活动期间的生物体维持其血糖平衡的能力。葡萄糖在其吸收部位(肠粘膜)或内源性产生部位(肝脏)之间移动,并且其代谢基本上用于产生能量(并且特别是在强体力活动期间的骨骼肌中)。
出于本申请的目的,IL-6生物学标志包含人IL-6基因(NCBI参考:Gene ID:基因库:JQ250825.1),以及该基因的产物。在一个具体的实施例中,IL-6生物学标志由人IL-6基因的产物之一组成。人IL-6基因的产物包含人IL-6基因和人IL-6蛋白的转录物。出于本申请的目的,“人IL-6基因的转录物”是序列具有NCBI参考:基因库:M54894.1的多核苷酸。出于本申请的目的,术语“人IL-6蛋白”旨在意指肽序列是NCBI参考序列基因库:AAD13886.1的蛋白质。
表达“肌肉病变的生物学标志(M2)”表示其表达的变化与肌肉病变相关的、如先前所定义的生物学标志。在肌肉病变的生物学标志(M2)中,其表达水平在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤e)中测量,更具体地可以提及肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶。
表达“ATP代谢的生物学标志(M3)”表示其表达的变化与ATP代谢相关的、如先前所定义的生物学标志。在ATP代谢的生物学标记(M3)中,其表达水平在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤e)中测量,更具体地可以提及乳酸盐、氨水和氧嘌呤。
根据如先前所定义的方法的一个具体的方面,在步骤e)中,生物学标志(M1)是白细胞介素-6,生物学标志(M2)是肌酸激酶,生物学标志(M3)是乳酸盐。
对于每个生物学标志(M1)、(M2)和(M3),表达“表达水平的测量”通常是指基因的转录物的量的测量,或者是指生物分子的量、并且更特别地是人体产生的蛋白质和代谢物的量的测量或是酶活性的水平。
当在核苷酸水平上(即通过测量其核苷酸形式的基因产物的量)测量生物学标志的表达水平时,可以使用本领域技术人员通常用于测量核苷酸量的任何方法,并且因此可以提及qRT-PCR(定量逆转录聚合酶链反应)、DNA芯片和原位杂交。
当在蛋白质、功能或代谢水平上(即通过测量其量(无论是蛋白质还是代谢物),或通过测量其生物学功能)测量生物学标志的表达水平时,可以使用本领域技术人员通常用于测量蛋白质或代谢物的量或功能的任何方法,并且因此可以提及ELISA测定、蛋白质印迹法、质谱法、免疫荧光、色谱技术和酶活性。
在作为本发明的主题的方法中,更具体地在蛋白质水平上进行血糖稳态的生物学标志(M1)的表达的测量。
根据作为本发明的主题的方法的一个更具体的方面,当生物学标志(M1)是白细胞介素-6时,白细胞介素-6表达的测量在蛋白质水平上进行,并且甚至更具体地使用比色ELISA(酶联免疫吸附测定)方法进行测量。该方法使用对人IL-6特异的抗体,并将该抗体结合到测量板的孔的底部。将待测定的样品添加至孔中,并将样品中存在的IL-6与固定的抗体结合。然后洗涤孔并添加另一种生物素化的抗人IL-6抗体。
再次冲洗孔以除去未结合的抗体,然后将与HRP(辣根过氧化物酶)缀合的链霉抗生物素蛋白添加至孔中。再次冲洗孔并将HRP底物四甲基联苯胺添加至孔中。颜色的强度与结合的IL-6的量成比例地发展。“停止”溶液将颜色从蓝色变为黄色,并且通过分光光度法在450nm处测量颜色强度。通过参考标准范围来计算IL-6浓度。
在作为本发明的主题的方法的本发明的主题的方法中,肌肉病变的生物学标志(M2)的表达的测量更具体地在功能水平上进行,并且更具体地在酶活性水平上进行。
根据作为本发明的主题的方法的一个更具体的方面,当生物学标志(M2)是肌酸激酶时,肌酸激酶表达的测量在功能水平上进行,并且甚至更具体地测量其酶活性。通过比色ELISA方法来确定肌酸激酶的酶活性。该测定基于偶联的酶促反应,在此期间,磷酸肌酸和ADP通过待测样品中存在的肌酸激酶转化为肌酸和ATP。
然后将由此产生的ATP用于在己糖激酶的存在下磷酸化葡萄糖,以生成葡萄糖6-磷酸,后者随后在葡萄糖6-磷酸脱氢酶的存在下被NADP氧化。在340nm处检测到的在不同测量时间产生的NADPH的量与样品的肌酸激酶活性成比例。然后参考校准样品来计算肌酸激酶活性。
在作为本发明的主题的方法中,更具体地在代谢水平上进行ATP代谢的生物学标志(M3)的表达的测量。
根据作为本发明的主题的方法的更具体的方面,当生物学标志(M3)是乳酸盐时,乳酸盐表达的测量在代谢水平上进行,并且甚至更具体地进行实施比色酶测定的测量。
简言之,存在于细胞上清液中的乳酸盐与酶促混合物特异性反应生成产物,该产物与特定的探针相互作用产生颜色。
通过分光光度法在570nm下测量光密度,并通过标准范围来计算乳酸盐浓度。
根据作为本发明的主题的方法的甚至更具体的方面,当生物学标志(M1)是白细胞介素-6时,白细胞介素-6表达的测量在蛋白质水平上进行(并且甚至更具体地进行实施比色ELISA方法的测量),并且当生物学标志(M2)是肌酸激酶时,肌酸激酶表达的测量在功能水平上进行(并且甚至更具体地通过比色ELISA方法实施其酶活性的测量来进行测量),并且当生物学标志(M3)是乳酸盐时,乳酸盐表达的测量在代谢水平上进行(并且甚至更具体地进行实施比色酶测定的测量)。
术语生物学标志的“参考表达水平”表示用作参照的所述生物学标志的任何表达水平。
例如,参考表达水平可以通过用物质(该物质在现有技术中已知对预防人类的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤方面有影响)来测量所述生物学标志的表达水平来获得,或者当在不存在所述方法的步骤c)和步骤d)的情况下进行作为本发明的主题的方法时,通过测量所述生物学标志的表达的水平来获得;则感兴趣的生物学标志的表达水平是对应于未处理且未应激的分化细胞的培养基的表达水平,或者当在不存在所述方法的步骤c)下进行本发明的主题的方法时,通过测量所述生物学标志的表达水平来获得;则感兴趣的生物学标志的表达水平是对应于未处理且应激的分化细胞的培养基的表达水平。
在本发明的上下文中,血糖稳态的生物学标志(M1)的参考表达水平可以通过如下来获得:测量所述生物学标志(M1)的表达水平,
-在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤b)结束时(不进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)或步骤d))获得的细胞培养基中;将对未处理且未应激的分化细胞进行的标志(M1)的表达水平的这种测量表示为N1,和/或
-在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤a)、b)和d)后(不进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c))获得的细胞培养基中;将对未处理但应激的分化细胞进行的标志(M1)的表达水平的这种测量表示为N1 0;和/或
-在进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤d)之后获得的细胞培养基中(当在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)中使用的物质(S)是选自由维生素E、葡萄糖,环孢霉素A、放线菌素D组成的组的元素的物质时,并且更具体地,当在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)中使用的物质(S)是维生素E时)。将针对参考物质(S)进行的生物学标志(M1)的表达水平的该测量表示为N1 参考。
在本发明的上下文中,肌肉病变的生物学标志(M2)的参考表达水平可以通过如下来获得:测量所述生物学标志(M2)的表达水平,
-在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤b)结束时(不进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)或步骤d))获得的细胞培养基中;将对未处理且未应激的分化细胞进行的表达水平的这种测量表示为N2,和/或
-在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤a)、b)和d)后(不进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c))获得的细胞培养基中;将对未处理但应激的分化细胞进行的表达水平的这种测量表示为N2 0,和/或
-在进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤d)之后获得的细胞培养基中(当在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)中使用的物质(S)是选自由维生素E、IL-1RA(白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂)、二氢杨梅素、穿心莲内酯和硝苯地平组成的组的元素的物质时,并且更具体地,当在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)中使用的物质(S)是维生素E时)。将针对参考物质(S)进行的生物学标志(M2)的表达水平的该测量表示为N2 参考。
在本发明的上下文中,ATP代谢的生物学标志(M3)的参考表达水平可以通过如下来获得:测量所述生物学标志(M3)的表达水平,
-在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤b)结束时(不进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)或步骤d))获得的细胞培养基中;将对未处理且未应激的分化细胞进行的生物学标志(M3)的表达水平的这种测量表示为N3,和/或
-在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤a)、b)和d)后(但不进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c))获得的细胞培养基中;将对未处理但应激的分化细胞进行的生物学标志(M3)的表达水平的这种测量表示为N3 0,和/或
-在进行作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤d)之后获得的细胞培养基中(当在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)中使用的物质(S)是选自由维生素E、谷胱甘肽、镁和辅酶Q10组成的组的元素的物质时,并且更具体地,当在作为本发明的主题的方法的步骤c)中使用的物质(S)是维生素E时)。将针对参考物质(S)进行的生物学标志(M3)的表达水平的该测量表示为N3 参考。
凭借如先前所定义的方法,可能选择所述物质(S)或所述组合物(C)作为如下成分:该成分旨在用于预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤、且能够以其本身使用,或用于制备包含其的营养补充剂组合物,或用于制备包含其的食品,或用于预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤。
凭借如先前所定义的方法,将选择物质(S)或组合物(C)以其本身使用、或用于制备包含其的营养补充剂组合物、或用于制备包含其的食品,用于在以下情况下预防由人类的强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤:如果
-针对所述物质(S)或所述组合物(C)测量的表达水平(表示为N1 i)大于血糖稳态的生物学标志(M1)的参考表达水平,以及如果
-针对所述物质(S)或所述组合物(C)测量的表达水平(表示为N2 i)大于肌肉病变的生物学标志(M2)的参考表达水平,并且
-针对所述物质(S)或所述组合物(C)测量的表达水平(表示为N3 i)大于ATP代谢的生物学标志(M3)的参考表达水平。
更具体地,将选择物质(S)或组合物(C)以其本身使用、或用于制备包含其的营养补充剂组合物、或用于制备包含其的食品,用于在以下情况下预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤:如果
-比率R1=[(N1 0–N1i)x100]/[(N1 0–N1)]大于n1;如果
-比率R2=[(N2 0–N2i)x100]/[(N2 0–N2]大于n2,以及如果
-比率R3=[(N3 0–N3i)x100]/[(N3 0–N3]大于n3,
同时:
n1大于20、并且更具体地大于40,n2大于20、并且更具体地大于40,并且n3大于20、并且更具体地大于40,N1、N1 0、N2、N2 0、N3和N2 0如先前所定义的。
如上所定义的n1更具体地大于或等于40、最具体地大于或等于70、并且甚至更具体地大于或等于100。
如上所定义的n2更具体地大于或等于40、最具体地大于或等于70、并且甚至更具体地大于或等于100。
如上所定义的n3更具体地大于或等于40、最具体地大于或等于70、并且甚至更具体地大于或等于100。
凭借如先前所定义的方法,更具体地将选择物质(S)或组合物(C),n1、n2和n3大于或等于40。
根据另一个方面,本发明的主题是可食用组合物(CA),该可食用组合物包含:
-至少一种多价金属阳离子(C金属)盐,
-至少一种化合物(VE),该化合物选自维生素E或维生素E乙酸酯,
-至少一种多酚化合物,选自黄烷醇家族的化合物、花色素苷家族的化合物、酚酸家族的化合物、以及黄酮醇家族和/或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物。
其中(C金属)/(VE)摩尔比大于或等于0.50且小于或等于2.00,更具体地大于或等于0.50且小于或等于1.50。
本发明的主题具体地是如上所定义的所述组合物(CA),其中多价金属阳离子(C金属)是二价金属阳离子,并且更具体地是选自钙、镁、锌、锰、铁、铜、钴、银、钡、锆和锶阳离子的二价金属阳离子。
根据一个更具体的方面,多价金属阳离子(C金属)是选自钙、镁、锌和锶的二价金属阳离子。
根据一个更具体的方面,多价金属阳离子(C金属)是锌二价阳离子。
多价金属阳离子(C金属)以与具有羧酸盐形式的至少一种羧酸官能的有可食用有机阴离子(选自由衍生自乙醇酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、水杨酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、抗坏血酸、丙酮酸、富马酸、甘油磷酸、维甲酸、苯甲酸、曲酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、半乳糖醛酸、丙酸、庚酸、4-氨基苯甲酸、肉桂酸、亚苄基丙二酸、天冬氨酸和天冬氨酸和谷氨酸的阴离子的组成的组的要素)的盐的形式用于如先前所定义的组合物(CA)中。
根据本发明的一个具体的方面,多价金属阳离子(C金属)以所述多价金属阳离子(C金属)的葡糖酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、天冬氨酸盐或谷氨酸盐的形式用于如先前所定义的所述组合物(CA)中。
根据本发明的最具体的方面,多价金属阳离子(C金属)以所述多价金属阳离子(C金属)的葡糖酸盐的形式用于所述组合物(CA)中。
术语“维生素E”在如先前所定义的所述组合物(CA)的定义中表示:
-α-生育酚或(2R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基十三基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇,
-β-生育酚或(2R)-2,5,8-三甲基-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基十三基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇,
-γ-生育酚或(2R)-2,7,8-三甲基-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基十三基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇,
-δ-生育酚或(2R)-2,8-二甲基-2-[(4R,8R)-4,8,12-三甲基十三基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇,
-α-生育三烯酚或(2R)-2,5,7,8-四甲基-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-三甲基十三碳-3,7,11-三烯基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇,
-β-生育三烯酚或(2R)-2,5,8-三甲基-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-三甲基十三碳-3,7,11-三烯基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇,
-γ-生育三烯酚或(2R)-2,7,8-三甲基-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-三甲基十三碳-3,7,11-三烯基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇和
-δ-生育三烯酚或(2R)-2,8-二甲基-2-[(3E,7E)-4,8,12-三甲基十三碳-3,7,11-三烯基]-3,4-二氢色原烯-6-醇。
术语α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚、α-生育三烯酚、β-生育三烯酚、γ-生育三烯酚和δ-生育三烯酚表示如先前所述的每种所述化合物的非对映异构地纯形式,或者所述化合物的外消旋体,例如DL-α-生育酚。
生育酚的乙酸酯(例如α-生育酚乙酸酯、β-生育酚乙酸酯、γ-生育酚乙酸酯或δ-生育酚乙酸酯)是由相应的生育酚获得的合成化合物。
根据一个具体的方面,本发明的主题是如先前所定义的所述组合物(CA),其中维生素E选自由α-生育酚和α-生育酚乙酸酯组成的组的要素。
根据最具体的方面,如先前所定义的所述组合物(CA)包含α-生育酚乙酸酯。
术语“黄烷醇家族的化合物”表示衍生自以下具有式(I)的单体结构之一的化合物:
并且具体地:
-(+)-儿茶素(当R1=OH,R2=H且R3=H时),
-(-)-表儿茶素(当R1=H,R2=OH且R3=H时),
-(+)-没食子儿茶素(当R1=OH,R2=H且R3=OH时),以及
-(-)-表没食子儿茶素(当R1=H,R2=OH且R3=OH时)。
表述“花色素苷家族的化合物”表示单葡糖基化的或多葡糖基化的化合物,包括具有式(II)的结构之一的糖苷配基(花色素):
并且具体地:
-二甲花翠素(当R’1和R’2各自代表甲氧基基团时),
-芍药花色素(当R’1代表甲氧基基团且R’2代表氢原子时),
-花翠素(当R’1和R’2各自代表羟基基团时),以及
-牵牛花色素(petunidin)(当R’1代表甲氧基基团且R’2代表羟基基团时)。
表达“酚酸家族的化合物”更具体地表示选自咖啡酰酒石酸(caftaric)、顺式单咖啡酰酒石酸(cis-coutaric)、反式单咖啡酰酒石酸、咖啡酸、没食子酸、对香豆酸、或2-S-谷胱甘肽咖啡酰酒石酸(glutathionylcaftaric acid)的化合物。
表述“黄酮醇家族或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物”更具体地表示由杨梅酮葡糖苷、槲皮素葡糖苷、具有如下式(III)的结构之一的化合物组成的组的要素:
并且具体地:
-山奈酚(当R”1和R”2各自代表氢原子时),
-槲皮素(当R”1代表羟基基团且R”2代表氢原子时),
-杨梅素(当R”1和R”2各自代表羟基基团时),以及
-异鼠李素(当R”1代表甲氧基基团且R”2代表氢原子时)。
根据一个具体的方面,本发明的主题是所述可食用组合物(CA),所述可食用组合物是如上所定义的且针对100%的其重量包含:
-按重量计从5%至50%、更具体地按重量计从5%至40%的多价金属阳离子(CM)和可食用有机阴离子的盐,
-按重量计从1%至35%、更具体地按重量计从5%至35%、并且最具体地按重量计从8%至35%的至少一种化合物(VE)(选自维生素E或维生素E乙酸酯、维生素E乙酸酯),
-按重量计从0.5%至80%、更具体地按重量计从1%至70%的多酚化合物(选自黄烷醇家族的化合物、花色素苷家族的化合物、酚酸家族的化合物、以及黄酮醇家族和/或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物)的可食用组合物(PP),
-按重量计从10%至93.5%、更具体地按重量计从15%至89%的至少一种可食用加工添加剂,
并且其中(CM)/(VE)摩尔比大于或等于0.50且小于或等于2.00,更具体地大于或等于0.50且小于或等于1.50。
根据一个具体的方面,本发明的主题是如上所定义的组合物(CA),其中所述组合物(PP)针对100%的其重量包含:
-按重量计从60%至75%的至少一种黄烷醇家族的化合物,
-按重量计从10%至20%的至少一种花色素苷家族的化合物,
-按重量计从5%至30%的至少一种酚酸家族的化合物。
根据一个最具体的方面,本发明的主题是如上所定义的组合物(CA),其中所述组合物(PP)还包含按重量计至多5%的至少一种黄酮醇家族或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物。
根据另一个具体的方面,本发明的主题是如上所定义的组合物(CA),其中所述组合物(PP)是葡萄汁或红葡萄酒的粉状干燥残余物的提取物,并且具体地是通过如下方法获得的红葡萄酒的粉状干燥残余物,该方法包括以下连续步骤:
-步骤a1):蒸馏红葡萄酒,
-步骤b1):浓缩在步骤a1)中获得的馏出物,和
-步骤c1):干燥在步骤b1)中获得的浓缩物。
因此,以通常含有按重量计至多5%的水分的粉末形式来获得红葡萄酒的干燥残余物。
术语“存在于作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)中的可食用加工添加剂表示如下任何化学物质或任何化学组合物:该化学物质或该化学组合物的技术功能允许和/或促进所述组合物(CA)的各种组分的混合、促进和/或优化所述组合物(CA)的物理特性(例如促进和/或优化其流动、其稳定性及其向随后的药物和/或营养配制品中的掺入),并且该化学物质或该化学组合物能够遵守现行法规所要求的条件,用于销售药物配制品和/或营养配制品。
根据一个更具体的方面,存在于作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)中的至少一种可食用加工添加剂是稀释剂、流动剂、粘合剂或崩解剂。
在可以组合于作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)中的稀释剂中,可以提及乳糖、蔗糖、甘蔗糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖糊精、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、磷酸氢钙、微晶纤维素、淀粉,并且更具体地,玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、磷酸二钙、无水磷酸氢钙、碳酸钠、碳酸钙和碳酸镁、包含从8至24个碳原子的脂肪酸的甘油单酯和/或甘油二酯。
在可以组合于作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)中的流动剂中,可以提及硬脂酸镁、滑石、硬脂富马酸钠、氢化植物油、无水胶体二氧化硅、苯甲酸钠和二氧化硅。
在可以组合于作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)中的粘合剂中,可以提及处于糊剂形式的淀粉、预糊化的淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、甘蔗糖糖浆和阿拉伯树胶。
在可以组合于作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)中的崩解剂中,可以提及淀粉、羧基乙酸淀粉钠、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、交聚维酮和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
根据一个具体的方面,本发明的主题是所述可食用组合物(CA),所述可食用组合物是如上所定义的且针对100%的其重量由以下组成:
-按重量计从5%至50%、更具体地按重量计从5%至40%的多价金属阳离子(CM)和可食用有机阴离子的盐,
-按重量计从1%至35%、更具体地按重量计从5%至35%重量、并且最具体地按重量计从8%至35%的至少一种化合物(VE)(选自维生素E或维生素E乙酸酯、维生素E乙酸酯),
-按重量计从0.5%至80%、更具体地按重量计从1%至70%的多酚化合物(选自黄烷醇家族的化合物、花色素苷家族的化合物、酚酸家族的化合物、以及黄酮醇家族和/或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物)的可食用组合物(PP),
-按重量计从10%至93.5%、更具体地按重量计从15%至89%的至少一种可食用加工添加剂,
并且其中(CM)/(VE)摩尔比大于或等于0.50且小于或等于2.00,更具体地大于或等于0.50且小于或等于1.50。
作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)可以处于任何物理形式,并且更具体地处于粉末的形式。
当作为本发明的主题的组合物(CA)处于粉末形式时,通过将其各种组分引入配备有至少一个机械搅拌系统(例如平面搅拌叶片或叶轮型搅拌叶片)的混合器中而获得,并且该混合器任选地是转鼓混合器,并且该混合器任选地配备有块料破碎机系统。该混合操作通常在环境温度下进行。
根据更具体的方面,本发明的主题是一种组合物(CA),该组合物处于粉末的形式且针对100%的其重量由以下组成:
-按重量计从5%至50%、更具体地按重量计从5%至40%的葡萄糖酸锌,
-按重量计从1%至35%的α-生育酚,
-按重量计从0.5%至80%的所述组合物(PP)(一种可食用组合物(PP)),其包含按重量计从60%至75%的至少一种黄烷醇家族的化合物、按重量计从10%至20%的至少一种花色素苷家族的化合物、和按重量计从5%至30%的至少一种酚酸家族的化合物;
-按重量计从10%至93.5%、更具体地按重量计从15%至89%的至少一种可食用加工添加剂,
并且其中(CM)/(VE)摩尔比大于或等于0.50且小于或等于2.00,更具体地大于或等于0.50且小于或等于1.50。
通过作为本发明的主题的方法评估如先前所定义的组合物(CA),揭示了如先前所定义的所有三个比率R1、R2和R3大于40。
根据另一个方面,本发明的主题是如先前所定义的组合物(CA)在制备食品补充剂组合物中的用途,以及其作为食品补充剂的用途。
出于本申请的目的,术语“食品补充剂组合物”旨在意指一种组合物,该组合物的目的是提供具有营养或生理作用的营养素或物质的补充物,其在个体的正常饮食中缺乏或量不足。
食品补充剂组合物单独或组合构成了具有营养或生理作用的营养素或其他物质的浓缩来源,并且使得可能预防某些缺陷或满足个体的饮食中(具体地,在强体力活动期间)的特定需要。
食品补充剂组合物还满足法兰西共和国2006年3月26日在第2006-352号法令第2条提出的关于食品补充剂的定义,和/或欧洲议会和理事会(European Parliament and ofthe Counsel)在2002年6月10日提出的指令2002/46/EC的定义。
出于本申请的目的,术语“食品组合物”旨在意指包含食品的组合物,即任何旨在被人类摄取或合理地可能被人类摄取的转化的、部分转化的或非转化的物质或产物。食品也符合欧洲法规178/2002/EC中的定义。
根据另一个方面,本发明的主题是一种食品补充剂组合物,其特征在于针对100%的其重量包含:按重量计从5%至70%、更具体地按重量计从10%至70%、并且甚至更具体地按重量计从25%至70%的如先前所定义的组合物(CA)。
根据一个具体的方面,作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物处于本领域技术人员已知的任何呈现形式,例如处于片剂、凝胶胶囊、软胶囊、糖浆、粉末(例如速释粉末、延迟释放粉末或用于复水饮料(reconstituted drink)的粉末、液体、棒或凝胶的形式。
根据另一个方面,本发明的主题是一种食品组合物,其特征在于针对100%的其重量包含:按重量计从5%至70%、更具体地按重量计从10%至70%、并且甚至更具体地按重量计从25%至70%的如先前所定义的组合物(CA)。
根据一个具体的方面,作为本发明的主题的食品组合物处于本领域技术人员已知的任何食品产物形式,例如饮料,并且更具体地是水性饮料、溶液、果汁、调味饮料、能量饮料、酒精饮料、基于咖啡的饮料、基于巧克力的饮料、基于茶的饮料、乳制品(并且具体地是牛奶、酸奶、乳制甜点、可饮用酸奶、奶酪、冰淇淋、巧克力棒)、谷物产品(并且更具体地是谷物棒、饼干、早餐谷物、面粉、面包制品)、专门的营养产品(更具体地是婴儿营养产品、为强体力活动准备的营养产品、临床营养产品)、代餐、糖果(更具体地是口香糖、甜食、焦糖、糖衣丸、含片、棉花糖、土耳其软糖,牛轧糖、果冻、甘草糖)。
通常,作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物还可以包含通常用于营养领域的活性成分,例如生物活性脂质、水溶性或水分散性微量元素盐、水溶性或脂溶性维生素、益生元、益生菌、乳蛋白和/或蛋白质浓缩物、植物酶或动物酶、氨基酸、肽、糖类、味觉提高剂、芳香剂。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的生物活性脂质,可以提及植物甾醇,例如从植物油中提取的那些,并且更具体地是沙棘油、玉米油、大豆油的提取物;从植物油中分离的植物甾醇络合物,例如植物固醇(cholestatin)(由菜油甾醇、豆甾醇和菜籽甾醇构成);植物甾烷醇(phytostanol);类胡萝卜素,其属于萜类家族,提取自藻类、绿色植物、真菌、细菌;ω-3基团的多不饱和脂肪酸,例如α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸;ω-6基团的多不饱和脂肪酸,例如亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、二十碳二烯酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳二烯酸、二十二碳四烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的水溶性或水分散性微量元素盐的实例,可以提及碳酸亚铁、四水合氯化亚铁、六水合氯化铁、六水合柠檬酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁、四水合乳酸亚铁、一水合硫酸亚铁、七水合硫酸亚铁、氨基酸水合物的亚铁螯合物、甘氨酸铁螯合物;六水合碘酸钙、无水碘酸钙;碘化钠、碘化钾;四水合乙酸钴、一水合碱式碳酸钴、六水合碳酸钴、七水合硫酸钴、一水合硫酸钴、六水合硝酸钴;一水合乙酸铜、一水合碱式碳酸铜、二水合氯化铜、蛋氨酸铜、五水硫酸铜、氨基酸水合物的亚铜螯合物、水合甘氨酸的亚铜螯合物、蛋氨酸羟基类似物的亚铜螯合物;碳酸锰、四水合氯化锰、三水合磷酸锰(manganese acid phosphate trihydrate)、四水合硫酸锰、一水合硫酸锰,氨基酸水合物的锰螯合物、甘氨酸水合物的锰螯合物、蛋氨酸羟基类似物的锰螯合物;钼酸铵、钼酸钠、亚硒酸钠、硒酸钠;由酿酒酵母产生的硒、硒代蛋氨酸(灭活的硒酵母)、和由酿酒酵母(灭活的硒酵母)产生的硒代蛋氨酸的有机形式。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的水溶性或脂溶性维生素的实例,可以提及:维生素A,更具体地是其视黄醇、视黄基乙酸酯、视黄基棕榈酸酯或β-胡萝卜素形式;维生素D2(更具体地是其麦角钙化醇、或25-羟基钙化醇(hydroxcalciferol)形式),维生素D3(更具体地是其胆钙化醇形式),维生素K(更具体地是其叶绿醌(盐酸左旋咪唑(phytomenadione))或甲基萘醌形式),维生素B1(更具体地是其盐酸硫胺素、硝酸硫胺、一磷酸氯化硫胺素或焦磷酸氯化硫胺素形式),维生素B2(更具体地是其核黄素、或核黄素5’-磷酸钠形式),维生素B6(更具体地是其盐酸吡哆醇、吡哆醇5’-磷酸或吡哆醛5’-磷酸形式),维生素B12(更具体地是其氰钴胺素、羟钴胺素、5’-脱氧腺苷钴胺素或甲基钴胺素形式),维生素C(更具体地是其L-抗坏血酸、L-抗坏血酸钠、L-抗坏血酸钙、L-抗坏血酸钾、棕榈基-6-L-抗坏血酸钙盐、抗坏血酸单磷酸钠或泛酸形式,更具体地是D-泛酸钙、D-泛酸钠、右泛醇或泛硫乙胺形式),维生素PP(更具体地是其叶酸形式或其叶酸盐形式的尼克酸(nicotinic acid)、烟酸(niacin)、尼克酰胺或烟酸肌醇酯,所述叶酸盐更具体地是其蝶酰单谷氨酸(pteroylmonoglutamic acid)形式、L-甲基叶酸钙形式、或处于葡糖胺盐形式的(6S)-5-甲基四氢叶酸),维生素H2、B7或BW(更具体地是其生物素形式或其胆碱形式,更具体地是氯化胆碱、柠檬酸二氢胆碱、或重酒石酸胆碱形式),肌醇、肉毒碱(更具体地是其L-肉毒碱、或L-肉毒碱-L-酒石酸盐形式),以及牛磺酸。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的益生元的实例,可以提及菊粉、反式低聚半乳糖、果聚糖和甘露寡糖。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的益生菌的实例,可以提及酿酒酵母的各种菌株、蜡样芽孢杆菌变种toyoi的各种菌株、单独的枯草芽孢杆菌或与地衣芽孢杆菌组合的枯草芽孢杆菌的各种菌株,或屎肠球菌的菌株。
这些微生物菌株通常与固体支持物(例如碳酸钙、右旋糖或山梨糖醇)连接。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的蛋白质和/或蛋白质浓缩物的实例,可以提及由乳裂解产生的乳蛋白,例如冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥的粉末形式的初乳,处于粉末、纯化的级分或富含IgG、乳铁蛋白、乳酸过氧化酶(lactoperoxydase)的级分形式的乳清。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的植物酶或动物酶的实例,可以提及蛋白变位酶(promutase)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、3-植酸酶,6-植酸酶、内切-l,4-β葡聚糖酶、内切-l,4-β木聚糖酶、或其他改进或促进消化的酶。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的肽的实例,可以提及鳄梨肽、羽扇豆肽、藜麦肽、玛咖肽、发酵的或非发酵的大豆肽、大米肽、存在于大穗金合欢(acacia macrostachya)种子提取物中的肽、存在于西番莲种子提取物中的肽。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的氨基酸的实例,可以提及丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸、吡咯赖氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸、缬氨酸,肌氨酸和鸟氨酸。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的糖类的实例,可以提及水溶性多糖,低分子量糖,例如低聚糖、单糖或二糖(例如葡萄糖、乳糖、或右旋糖)。
作为任选地存在于作为本发明的主题的食品补充剂组合物中的味觉提高剂的实例,可以提及谷氨酸盐(例如谷氨酸、谷氨酸单钠、谷氨酸单钾、二谷氨酸钙、谷氨酸铵或二谷氨酸镁);鸟苷酸盐(例如鸟苷酸(鸟苷酸单磷酸盐)、鸟苷酸二钠、鸟苷酸二钾或鸟苷酸钙);肌苷酸盐(例如肌苷酸、肌苷酸二钠、肌苷酸二钾或肌苷酸钙),或其他强甜味剂(如甜叶菊提取物或莱鲍迪甙)。
根据另一个方面,本发明的主题是如先前所定义的可食用组合物(CA),用于进行通过疗法来治疗人体的方法,并且更具体地,其用于在通过疗法治疗人体的方法中预防由强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和/或肌肉损伤。
以下实验总结说明了本发明,但不限制本发明。
A-1)-细胞和时间过程的选择
A-1-1)-培养步骤
保留用于进行作为本发明的主题的方法的细胞是来自臀大肌肌肉的人原代骨骼肌细胞(在人类肌肉运动的情况下),并且这是由于它们具有分化成肌管(或肌肉纤维)的能力。
为了评估它们的分化能力,在含有5%的CO2的潮湿气氛中,在37℃,在特定培养基中,将这些细胞在48孔板中以10000个细胞/孔进行培养。每种条件一式四份进行。
A-1-2)-分化步骤
当细胞达到70%至80%汇合时,将其培养基替换为分化培养基,以获得肌管。通过在若干个持续时间结束时测量细胞内肌酸激酶活性来评估成肌细胞向肌管的分化,从而确定分化步骤的最佳持续时间。通过在不同时间、在340nm处的分光光度测量,用测定试剂盒来测量细胞内肌酸激酶活性。获得的结果以mU/mg蛋白质表示。
获得的结果在分化10天的时期后显示出最佳的肌酸激酶活性,并且显示细胞传代R3的肌酸激酶活性大于细胞传代R4的肌酸激酶活性。
因此,对于细胞传代R3,根据本发明的方法的分化步骤进行10天的时期。
A-1-3)-分化细胞应激步骤
在之前步骤中获得的分化细胞上测试若干个浓度的离子载体剂卡西霉素(或A23187)。
对于这些浓度中的每一个,评估乳酸盐的量、白细胞介素IL-6的量和肌酸激酶(CK)的活性水平。
通过从每种培养基中回收上清液来进行乳酸盐的量和白细胞介素IL-6的量的测量。
与标准范围的乳酸盐相比,通过在575nm处的分光光度测量,用测定试剂盒定量乳酸盐。结果以pg/μg的DNA表示。
与标准范围的IL-6相比,通过在450nm处的分光光度测量,用测定试剂盒定量IL-6。结果以pg/μg的DNA表示。
使用超声探针在PBS缓冲液中裂解细胞层,并对所述细胞层进行两次评估:
-通过在不同时间、在340nm处的分光光度测量,用测定试剂盒进行的肌酸激酶(CK)活性的评估。结果以mU/μg的DNA表示;以及
-与DNA的标准范围进行比较,使用DNA螯合剂Hoescht试剂、通过荧光测定法进行的DNA的量的评估。
乳酸盐的量和IL-6的量的结果以及肌酸激酶(CK)活性的结果相对于层中存在的DNA的量进行表示。
通过学生检验进行统计学分析,以比较测量的乳酸盐的量和IL-6的量,以及针对所测试的每种卡西霉素(或A23187)浓度和针对在之前步骤中获得的分化细胞(未与西霉素(或A23187)组合)来测量的肌酸激酶(CK)活性。
获得的结果使得可能显示最佳的卡西霉素(或A23187)浓度为1μmol/升(或1μM)。
A-2)–最佳方法的定义。
因此,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-步骤a):根据上述A-1-1)部分中所述的操作条件,培养来自臀大肌肌肉的人原代骨骼肌细胞,
-步骤b):根据上述A-1-2)部分中所述的操作条件,对在步骤a)中获得的培养基进行细胞分化,并且具体地针对细胞传代R3持续10天的时期,
-步骤c):使在步骤b)中获得的培养基与待测物质或组合物接触,
-步骤d):使在步骤c)中获得的培养基与浓度为1μmol/升(或1μM)的卡西霉素(或A23187)接触,
-步骤e):根据上述A-1-3)部分中所述的方法,测量培养基上清液中乳酸盐的量和白细胞介素IL-6的量并测量肌酸激酶(CK)活性,
步骤f):比较肌酸激酶(CK)、IL-6和乳酸盐的表达水平。更具体地,在该步骤f)的上下文中,计算以下:
对于细胞外白细胞介素IL-6,比率R1=[(N1 0–N1i)x100]/[(N1 0–N1)],其中:
N1对应于在如上所述的方法(而不进行该方法的步骤c)或步骤d))结束时获得的培养基中测量的IL-6的量(未处理且未应激的分化细胞),
N1 0对应于在如上所述的方法(而不进行该方法的步骤c))结束时获得的培养基中测量的IL-6的量(未处理但应激的分化细胞),
N1i对应于在如上所述的方法(当在该方法的步骤c)中使用物质或组合物(i)时)结束时获得的培养基中测量的IL-6的量(经处理且应激的分化细胞);
对于细胞内肌酸激酶,比率R2=[(N2 0–N2i)x 100]/[(N2 0–N2)],其中:
N2对应于在如上所述的方法(而不进行该方法的步骤c)或步骤d))结束时获得的培养基中测量的肌酸激酶活性(未处理且未应激的分化细胞),
N2 0对应于在如上所述的方法(而不进行该方法的步骤c))结束时获得的培养基中测量的肌酸激酶活性(未处理但应激的分化细胞),
N2i对应于在如上所述的方法(当在该方法的步骤c)中使用物质或组合物(i)时)结束时获得的培养基中测量的肌酸激酶活性(经处理且应激的分化细胞);
对于细胞外乳酸盐,比率R3=[(N3 0–N3i)x 100]/[(N3 0–N3)],其中:
N3对应于在如上所述的方法(而不进行该方法的步骤c)或步骤d))结束时获得的培养基中测量的乳酸盐的量(未处理且未应激的分化细胞),
N3 0对应于在如上所述的方法(而不进行该方法的步骤c))结束时获得的培养基中测量的乳酸盐的量(未处理但应激的分化细胞),
N3i对应于在如上所述的方法(当在该方法的步骤c)中使用物质或组合物(i)时)结束时获得的培养基中测量的乳酸盐的量(经处理且应激的分化细胞)。
B]-根据作为本发明的主题的方法进行的物质和组合物的评估。
该组合物(C1)通过在25℃的温度下将其组成成分连续地引入至配备有机械搅拌器系统(配备有平面搅拌器叶片或叶轮型叶片)的混合器,对其各种组成成分进行混合来制备。
组合物C1针对100%的其重量由以下组成:
38.2%的葡萄糖酸锌,
按重量计31.0%的D-α生育酚乙酸酯,
按重量计23.18%的玉米淀粉,
按重量计6.02%的二氧化硅,
按重量计1.6%的红葡萄酒的干燥残余物,以ProvinolTM的名称出售且含有90%的多酚酸含量。
通过进行作为本专利申请的主题的评估方法获得的结果列于下表1中:
表1
(*):ProvinolTM是红葡萄酒的干燥残余物,包含针对100%的其重量的按重量计90%的多酚化合物含量,即重量比例为1.44%的多酚化合物。
(**):葡萄糖酸锌包含12.2%的锌二价阳离子含量
(***):维生素E是D-α生育酚乙酸酯
结果的分析
对于用ProvinolTM(基于多酚化合物的红葡萄酒的干燥残余物)处理的细胞,比率R1、R2和R3低于40。用葡萄糖酸锌处理的细胞也是如此。由此推断,无论是ProvinolTM还是葡萄糖酸锌(以及因此锌二价阳离子)都不能单独选择用于预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤。
对于用D-α-生育酚乙酸酯处理的细胞,比率R1和R3低于40,并且比率R2高于40(R2=47)。因此,不能选择该产物来预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤。
相反地,对于用组合物(C1)处理的细胞,比率R1、R2和R3均大于40。
该组合物(C1)可以被选择用于预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于评估化学物质(S)或化学组合物(C)预防由人类强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和肌肉损伤的能力的方法,所述方法的特征在于其包括:
-步骤a):培养人原代骨骼肌细胞;
-步骤b):分化在步骤a)中获得的细胞以获得肌管;
-步骤c):使化学物质(S)或化学组合物(C)与在步骤b)中获得的细胞培养基接触;
-步骤d):使至少一种钙离子载体剂(AI)与在步骤c)中获得的细胞培养基接触;
-步骤e):测量生物学标志的组合的表达水平,这些生物学标志包含以下或由以下组成:
-血糖稳态的至少一种生物学标志(M1),其选自由肌肉产生的肌肉因子或细胞因子组成的组的要素,
-肌肉病变的至少一种生物学标志(M2),其选自肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶,
-ATP代谢的至少一种生物学标志(M3),其选自由乳酸盐、氨水和氧嘌呤组成的组的要素,
该测量在步骤d)中获得的培养基中进行;以及
-步骤f):将在步骤e)中测量的所述三种生物学标志(M1)、(M2)和(M3)的每一种的表达水平与这三种生物学标志的每一种的参考表达水平进行比较。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤d)中,该钙离子载体剂(AI)选自由白僵菌素、离子霉素和卡西霉素(或A23187)组成的组的要素。
3.如权利要求2中所述的方法,其特征在于该钙离子载体剂(AI)是卡西霉素。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所定义的方法,其特征在于,该生物学标志(M1)是白细胞介素-6,该生物学标志(M2)是肌酸激酶,以及该生物学标志(M3)是乳酸盐。
5.一种可食用组合物(CA),该可食用组合物包含:
-至少一种多价金属阳离子(C金属)盐,
-至少一种化合物(VE),其选自维生素E或维生素E乙酸酯,
-至少一种可食用多酚化合物,该可食用多酚化合物选自黄烷醇家族的化合物、花色素苷家族的化合物、酚酸家族的化合物、以及黄酮醇家族和/或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物,
其中(C金属)/(VE)摩尔比大于或等于0.50且小于或等于2.00。
6.如权利要求5中所定义的组合物(CA),该组合物针对100%的其重量包含:
-按重量计从5%至50%的多价金属阳离子(CM)和可食用有机阴离子的盐,
-按重量计从1%至35%的至少一种化合物(VE),其选自维生素E或维生素E乙酸酯,
-按重量计从0.5%至80%的多酚化合物的可食用组合物(PP),所述多酚化合物选自黄烷醇家族的化合物、花色素苷家族的化合物、酚酸家族的化合物、以及黄酮醇家族和/或其葡糖基化衍生物的化合物,
-按重量计从10%至93.5%的至少一种药学上和/或营养上可接受的加工添加剂,
并且其中(CM)/(VE)摩尔比大于或等于0.50且小于或等于2.00。
7.如权利要求5和6中任一项所定义的可食用组合物(CA)用于制备食品补充剂组合物的用途。
8.如权利要求5和6中任一项所定义的可食用组合物(CA)作为食品补充剂的用途。
9.如权利要求5和6中任一项所定义的可食用组合物(CA),用于进行通过疗法来治疗人体的方法。
10.如权利要求5和6中任一项所定义的可食用组合物(CA),其用于在通过疗法治疗人体的方法中预防由强体力活动所诱导的肌肉疲劳和/或肌肉损伤。
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EP3583952A1 (fr) | 2019-12-25 |
JP2021072837A (ja) | 2021-05-13 |
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US20210338633A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
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EP3449252B1 (fr) | 2020-05-06 |
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US11246853B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
CA3022194A1 (fr) | 2017-11-02 |
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