CN1792348A - Method for breeding freshwater lobster - Google Patents
Method for breeding freshwater lobster Download PDFInfo
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- CN1792348A CN1792348A CNA2006100111029A CN200610011102A CN1792348A CN 1792348 A CN1792348 A CN 1792348A CN A2006100111029 A CNA2006100111029 A CN A2006100111029A CN 200610011102 A CN200610011102 A CN 200610011102A CN 1792348 A CN1792348 A CN 1792348A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
A method for selectively culturing the fresh-water lobster includes such steps as choosing strong Keao shrimp as female parent, and strong Australia fresh-water lobster as male parent, hybridizing to obtain the first generation lobster, choosing its female lobster as female parent, hybridizing with the male Australia fresh-water lobster to obtain the second generation lobster, and selective culture to obtain high-quality target lobster.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of selection of freshwater lobster.
Background technology
Freshwater lobster (claiming freshwater crayfish or Procambarus clarkii again) is a kind of Aquatic product economic animal of preciousness.The meat flavour uniqueness, the protein content height, fat content is low, the shrimp Huang has the crab roe flavor, and especially calcium, phosphorus, ferrum, zinc, content of iodine are the abundantest, and contain abundant selenium, vitamin A, vitamin C, low sugar, low fat, low cholesterol, body internal protein content is higher, accounts for overall 16%-20%.And, the fat that freshwater lobster contained mainly is made up of unsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid, is easy to absorption of human body, especially is rich in tropomyosin and paramyosinogen, the function that have the kidney invigorating, tonifying YANG, YIN nourishing, is good for the stomach has important effect to improving exercise tolerance.The prawn head of freshwater lobster and Crusta Penaeus seu Panulirus contain 20% chitin, through processing, and can chitin extraction.Chitin can be used for fields such as food, chemical industry, medicine, agricultural, environmental protection, can be made into health product, has the raising body immunity, and anticancer effect.In addition, freshwater lobster can also be used as medicine, and the energy preventing phlegm from forming and stopping coughing promotes postoperative wound healing, is the very high animal food of nutrition and food therapy value.
Freshwater lobster becomes the delicious food that people like already, and in the season of a large amount of listings of every freshwater lobster, family, restaurant are leading dish, specialty with freshwater lobster usually.Consumption has reached fanatic degree to the cuisines of freshwater lobster the European, and the Sweden in Northern Europe typical case the most especially will celebrate the Lobster joint throughout the country joyously in three week in Sweden annual August.Only Sweden will consume freshwater lobster 15000-20000 ton in 1 year, and year consumption figure in whole Europe market is also at the 60000-80000 ton, and the annual requirement of American-European market freshwater lobster is about the 120000-160000 ton.
Freshwater lobster is the general designation of crayfish, and these shrimps have more than 100 kind, but the kind that can culture only has: procambarus clarkii, and wheat dragon crayfish, inferior to crayfish and red Eriocheir sinensis crayfish.Red Eriocheir sinensis Astacus Decapoda is intended Astacidae, and the bare hull shrimp belongs to, because of its sturdy might exactly likes marine Lobster and main product Australia, so claim Australia freshwater lobster again.The wild Lobster of differing at the domestic various calls of China at present all belongs to the same kind of formal name used at school procambarus clarkii.
At present, domestic freshwater lobster does not have artificial breeding, and the freshwater lobster source of goods only depends on wild, wild stocks degenerates serious, and also has the shrimp species unstable properties, and property is fierce residual mutually and do not like to live in groups and look for food, a number of laying eggs is few, individual little, growth and breeding is slow, and the face of ingesting is little, bad adaptability, cold-resistant tolerance to heat, meat is few and matter is poor, to the deficiency of the bad adaptability of environment.
Summary of the invention
The selection that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of freshwater lobster, the freshwater lobster breeding of cultivating with this method can improve the fine quality of freshwater lobster greatly, has the shrimp species stable performance, warm in nature and happiness is gregarious looks for food, and a number of laying eggs is many, individual big, growth and breeding is fast, it is assorted to ingest, wide adaptability, cold-resistant tolerance to heat, many and the fresh and tender exquisiteness of meat, adaptability to environment is strong, and its output height, the advantage that commodity value is excellent.
The selection of freshwater lobster of the present invention is as follows:
(1) selection of hybrid strain, the parent adopts body weight 93 gram～150 grams, athletic gram crayfish for maternal, with body weight 180 grams～250 restrain, athletic Australia state freshwater lobster makes male parent, carry out how hybridizing repeatedly for selection-breeding;
(2) hybridizing method, selecting athletic procambarus clarkii is that male parent is carried out copulation for maternal and physically fit Australia freshwater lobster, output selection-breeding first generation shrimp, with the female shrimp in the selection-breeding first generation shrimp again with the male shrimp copulation output selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp of Australia freshwater lobster, selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp is the shrimp species of the inventive method institute selection-breeding;
(3) Za Jiao condition is respectively chosen one and is put into 2～4m in body weight 180 grams～250 grams, athletic Australia state freshwater lobster and body weight 93 grams～150 grams, athletic gram crayfish
2Breed in the pond, depth of water is 0.9～1.2m, water temperature is 20～31 ℃, the temperature difference is 1～3 ℃ in 24 hours, and water quality is selected clean surface water for use, and pH value is 5.8～8.2, every liter of dissolved oxygen amount is greater than 1.5 milligrams, breeding at the bottom of the pond is sand, vegetation water Semen arachidis hypogaeae or Herba azollae imbricatae on the kind, and several bores of fixed placement are at 6～30 centimetres pop can or thick bamboo tube at the bottom of the pond, raise with insecticide, minced meat, fish food, the pellet of throwing something and feeding every night is as the criterion to eat only, joins the short long agent of shelling powder or shelling in feedstuff;
(4) cultivate the freshwater lobster situation of hybridizing, the shrimp species stable performance, warm in nature and happiness is gregarious looks for food, and a number of laying eggs is at 1000～2000, individual big, growth and breeding is fast, and it is assorted to ingest, wide adaptability, cold-resistant tolerance to heat, many and the fresh and tender exquisiteness of meat, strong to the adaptability of environment, at PH be 6～8, water temperature 1～38 ℃ can both normal growth.
The Lobster breeding that the present invention cultivates is named as " Dragon King " breeding, this breeding has the shrimp species stable performance, and warm in nature and happiness is gregarious looks for food, and a number of laying eggs is many, individual big, growth and breeding is fast, and it is assorted to ingest, wide adaptability, cold-resistant tolerance to heat, many and the fresh and tender exquisiteness of meat, strong to the adaptability of environment, at PH be 6～8, water temperature 1～38 ℃ can both normal growth.And its output height, the advantage that commodity value is excellent.
The concrete difference of " Dragon King " breeding that the present invention cultivates and wild freshwater lobster is embodied in the following aspects:
(1) every weight of freshwater lobster of the present invention can reach 200～400g; Every weight of wild freshwater lobster is 25～75g, and the scale of construction of freshwater lobster of the present invention is than 2 times of wild freshwater lobster scale of construction mean heights.
(2) the freshwater lobster speed of growth of the present invention is very fast, the growth of seedling of 1 centimeter length about 3 months body weight can reach 50g; The wild freshwater lobster seedling of 1 centimeter length is long then to need 6～7 months to 25g.
(3) freshwater lobster growth cycle of the present invention is short, and it only needs three wheat harvesting periods from laying eggs for the first time to laying eggs for the second time, and wild freshwater lobster needs about six months from laying eggs for the first time to laying eggs for the second time.
(4) corruption phase of laying eggs different, the freshwater lobster that the present invention produces has produced ovum to incubating into only need 7～11 days of seedling, and wild freshwater lobster has produced ovum to incubating into the seedling need 40～50 days.
(5) freshwater lobster of the present invention is laid eggs four times every year, lays eggs 1000～2000 every year, lays eggs 300～500 for each every; And wild freshwater lobster is laid eggs 1～2 time every year, lays eggs 100～200 for each every.
(6) the minimum annual per mu yield of freshwater lobster of the present invention is more than 4000 jin; The annual per mu yield of wild freshwater lobster has only about 700 jin.
(7) the dried up transportation survival of freshwater lobster of the present invention probability is up to 95%, and the dried up time-to-live is more than 20 days; Wild freshwater lobster is dried up, and the transportation survival rate is the highest by 30%, and survival rate was zero when dried up transportation surpassed 3 days.
(8) freshwater lobster of the present invention is warm in nature looks for food with happiness is gregarious; The easy autotomy of wild freshwater lobster fighting by nature.
(9) freshwater lobster feeding habits of the present invention are extensively assorted, staple food pasture and water, land browse, gourd, fruit and vegetable, rot fruit, the leftover bits and pieces flesh of fish, leftover and animal feed through fermenting.And be easy to raise, be difficult for catching an illness, in the addle territory that other fish and shrimp are difficult to survive, freshwater lobster of the present invention is still grown vigorous, and is less demanding to growing environment, can survive the winter naturally, cold-resistant tolerance to heat.
Freshwater lobster of the present invention can be adjusted the economic structue of agriculture, increases farmers' income and carries out national multi industry plan, improves people's living standard and has made positive contribution.
The specific embodiment
(1) selection of hybrid strain, the parent adopts body weight 93 gram～150 grams, athletic gram crayfish for maternal, with body weight 180 grams～250 restrain, athletic Australia state freshwater lobster makes male parent, carry out how hybridizing repeatedly for selection-breeding.
Described procambarus clarkii belongs to Crustachia, Malacostraca, Decapoda, cluck section, Astacus.The whole body of procambarus clarkii is made up of cephalothorax and abdomen two parts of body surface lining chitin carapace, and carapace is peony, and whole body has 20 joints.Eyes have handle and give prominence to.Head has 5 pairs of appendages, and wherein 2 pairs of feelers are flourishing, and chest has 8 pairs of appendages, and back 5 pairs are step, and preceding 3 pairs of steps all have Eriocheir sinensis.Abdominal part is shorter, and 6 pairs of appendages are arranged, and preceding 5 pairs are nectopod, undeveloped, not to being uropodium, with the synthetic tail fan of periproct, tail fan prosperity.
Australia freshwater lobster formal name used at school is red Eriocheir sinensis crayfish, belongs to Decapoda, plan Astacidae, bare hull shrimp genus.Australia freshwater lobster bodily form is flat slightly flat, and it is green that body colour slightly is, and whole body is divided into cephalothorax and abdominal part two large divisions, and the thick abdominal part of cephalothorax progressively diminishes backward.Body colour is a breen, and there are redness or Chinese red speckle in the back, body surface parcel one deck chitin ectoskeleton, the main usefulness that plays protection soft inner body and adhere to muscles.Whole body is totally 20 joints, and cephalothorax has 13 joints, 5 pairs of steps, and the 1st pair is sturdy big Eriocheir sinensis.2nd, 3 is tong-like, and the 4th, 5 pair is claw-like, and the front end of cephalothorax has 3 pairs of feelers, 1 pair of feeler, 2 pairs of antennules.Abdominal part has 7 joints, and abdominal part the 2nd joint respectively has a pair of appendage to the 5th joint, be called abdominal foot or swimmeret.Abdominal part the 6th joint appendage stretches backward, widens the title uropodium, and forms tail fan in periproct, can control balance, lifting and the motion such as backward shrink back of shrimp in water.
(2) hybridizing method, selecting athletic procambarus clarkii is that male parent is carried out copulation for maternal and physically fit Australia freshwater lobster, output selection-breeding first generation shrimp, with the female shrimp in the selection-breeding first generation shrimp again with the male shrimp copulation output selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp of Australia freshwater lobster, selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp is the shrimp species of the inventive method institute selection-breeding.
In the crossover process, the first reproduction decortication of sexually matured female shrimp, whole decortication process can be finished in about 2 minutes, decortication female shrimp in back and the relative copulation of male shrimp abdominal part.Male shrimp contacts female shrimp, clamps two Eriocheir sinensis foots of female shrimp abdominal part with the powerful strong big Eriocheir sinensis of a pair of and tightly pastes mutually with female shrimp health, and at this moment bisexuality is embraced mutually, and mating time continues about 5 minutes.3～10 hours female shrimp oogenesis of post-coitum, swimmeret swings constantly and makes ovum obtain competent oxygen to drive current during female shrimp oogenesis.Under preference temperature, water temperature is high more, and the ovum phase is short more, generally needs 10～15 days.Ovum develops into young shrimp after hatching, young shrimp becomes juvenile prawn through the back of repeatedly casting off a skin.After juvenile prawn breaks away from parent, enter ecdysis for the first time very soon.Its speed of growth of back of at every turn casting off a skin is obviously accelerated, and generally develops into into shrimp and needs the process of casting off a skin more than 4 times.
(3) Za Jiao condition selects body weight 200 grams, athletic Australia state freshwater lobster and body weight 100 grams, each one of athletic gram crayfish to put into 3m
2Breed in the pond, depth of water is 1m, water temperature is 20～31 ℃, the temperature difference is 2 ℃ in 24 hours, and water quality is selected clean surface water for use, and pH value is 7.2, every liter of dissolved oxygen amount is greater than 1.5 milligrams, breeding at the bottom of the pond is sand, vegetation water Semen arachidis hypogaeae or Herba azollae imbricatae on the kind, and several bores of fixed placement are at 6～30 centimetres pop can or thick bamboo tube (3-6 gets final product usually) at the bottom of the pond, raise with insecticide, minced meat, fish food, the pellet of throwing something and feeding every night is as the criterion to eat only, joins the short long agent of shelling powder or shelling in feedstuff.The short long agent of shelling powder or shelling is sold product by market, and institute's configuration amount and method are that tradition is described, so be not repeated.
(4) cultivate the freshwater lobster situation of hybridizing, the shrimp species stable performance, warm in nature and happiness is gregarious looks for food, and a number of laying eggs is at 1000～2000, individual big, growth and breeding is fast, and it is assorted to ingest, wide adaptability, cold-resistant tolerance to heat, many and the fresh and tender exquisiteness of meat, strong to the adaptability of environment, at PH be 6～8, water temperature 1～38 ℃ can both normal growth.
The whole individual Bi Keshi crayfish of selection-breeding first generation shrimp increases, and tail fan increases broadening.Selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp, not only whole individual than the increase of first generation hybridization shrimp, and a number showed increased of laying eggs.
Selection-breeding first generation shrimp unstable properties, year is laid eggs a number generally at 500～800.Selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp performance is highly stable, and a number showed increased of laying eggs is stronger to the adaptability of environment generally at 1000～2000, and planting at PH is 6～8, water temperature 1～38 degree can both normal growth.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of selection of freshwater lobster is characterized in that:
(1) selection of hybrid strain, the parent adopts body weight 93 gram～150 grams, athletic gram crayfish for maternal, with body weight 180 grams～250 restrain, athletic Australia state freshwater lobster makes male parent, carry out how hybridizing repeatedly for selection-breeding;
(2) hybridizing method, selecting athletic procambarus clarkii is that male parent is carried out copulation for maternal and physically fit Australia freshwater lobster, output selection-breeding first generation shrimp, with the female shrimp in the selection-breeding first generation shrimp again with the male shrimp copulation output selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp of Australia freshwater lobster, selection-breeding second filial generation shrimp is the shrimp species of the inventive method institute selection-breeding;
(3) Za Jiao condition is respectively chosen one and is put into 2～4m in body weight 180 grams～250 grams, athletic Australia state freshwater lobster and body weight 93 grams～150 grams, athletic gram crayfish
2Breed in the pond, depth of water is 0.9～1.2m, water temperature is 20～31 ℃, the temperature difference is 1～3 ℃ in 24 hours, and water quality is selected clean surface water for use, and pH value is 5.8～8.2, every liter of dissolved oxygen amount is greater than 1.5 milligrams, breeding at the bottom of the pond is sand, vegetation water Semen arachidis hypogaeae or Herba azollae imbricatae on the kind, and several bores of fixed placement are at 6～30 centimetres pop can or thick bamboo tube at the bottom of the pond, raise with insecticide, minced meat, fish food, the pellet of throwing something and feeding every night is as the criterion to eat only, joins the short long agent of shelling powder or shelling in feedstuff;
(4) cultivate the freshwater lobster situation of hybridizing, the shrimp species stable performance, warm in nature and happiness is gregarious looks for food, and a number of laying eggs is at 1000～2000, individual big, growth and breeding is fast, and it is assorted to ingest, wide adaptability, cold-resistant tolerance to heat, many and the fresh and tender exquisiteness of meat, strong to the adaptability of environment, at PH be 6～8, water temperature 1～38 ℃ can both normal growth.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA2006100111029A CN1792348A (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2006-01-04 | Method for breeding freshwater lobster |
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| CNA2006100111029A CN1792348A (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2006-01-04 | Method for breeding freshwater lobster |
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| CN1792348A true CN1792348A (en) | 2006-06-28 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101692792B (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-09-07 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Pan-type fry breeding method for Procambrus clarkii |
| CN102379254A (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-21 | 华东师范大学 | Controllable synchronous brooding breeding method of cherax quadricarinatus |
| CN107155959A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-15 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of compound breeding method for improveing yellow catfish growing character |
| CN110402861A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-05 | 苏州恒洋澳龙农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant seed of Australia freshwater lobster |
| CN111642432A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-09-11 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Method for in-situ breeding of red swamp crayfish in rice field planting area in slack winter |
| CN111758632A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-13 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Method for breeding and raising rice field crayfish in early autumn |
-
2006
- 2006-01-04 CN CNA2006100111029A patent/CN1792348A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101692792B (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2011-09-07 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Pan-type fry breeding method for Procambrus clarkii |
| CN102379254A (en) * | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-21 | 华东师范大学 | Controllable synchronous brooding breeding method of cherax quadricarinatus |
| CN107155959A (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2017-09-15 | 南京师范大学 | A kind of compound breeding method for improveing yellow catfish growing character |
| CN107155959B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-08-11 | 南京师范大学 | Compound breeding method for improving growth traits of pelteobagrus fulvidraco |
| CN110402861A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-05 | 苏州恒洋澳龙农业科技有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant seed of Australia freshwater lobster |
| CN111642432A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-09-11 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Method for in-situ breeding of red swamp crayfish in rice field planting area in slack winter |
| CN111758632A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-13 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Method for breeding and raising rice field crayfish in early autumn |
| CN111758632B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-03-01 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | Method for breeding and raising rice field crayfish in early autumn |
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