CN1767791B - 用于制造牙科仿制品的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造牙科仿制品的方法 Download PDF

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CN1767791B
CN1767791B CN2004800089700A CN200480008970A CN1767791B CN 1767791 B CN1767791 B CN 1767791B CN 2004800089700 A CN2004800089700 A CN 2004800089700A CN 200480008970 A CN200480008970 A CN 200480008970A CN 1767791 B CN1767791 B CN 1767791B
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U·布罗德贝克
D·古布莱尔
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Abstract

用于制造一种由一种陶瓷材料构成的坯料的方法,其中由这种坯料在一个加工站上通过至少一个切削过程可以制造例如牙桥基干、牙帽、植入体等牙医仿制品。该制造通过对该陶瓷材料进行一个完全均衡或者半均衡挤压成型来实现,其中成型得到一个圆柱体形的、半圆柱体形的或者多角形的压制品。该压制品的外圆周必要的话进行精加工。从这样制造的压制品最终在与其轴线垂直的方向上切下多个不同厚度的板状的坯料(3)。

Description

用于制造牙科仿制品的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造例如牙桥基干、牙帽或者植入体的牙科仿制品的坯料。本发明还涉及一种用于制造所述坯料的方法。
背景技术
在WO 99/47065中已经公开了一种用于制造至少能保护一个预先准备的牙根的人造牙冠和/或牙桥的方法和坯料。用于牙冠和/或牙桥的基干的一个阳模的三维外表面和内表面被扫描并数字化。所获得的数据在所有空间方向上线性的放大一个正好能补偿烧结收缩的系数,然后传送到至少一个用于多细孔陶瓷坯料加工的处理机的控制电子元件中,并由此推出合适的刀具路程。在那里通过控制指令由数字化的数据时间解耦的将材料切除,直到得到一个放大的阳模的结构形式为止。这个放大了的基干会被烧结成具有直接的最终质量的基干。其中用于制造坯料的粉末或者胶体通过已知的陶瓷造型方法加工成所谓的“绿色坯料”。本文中还要强调的是,由于制造技术方面的原因,坯料具有比较简单的几何造型,例如圆柱体或者长方六面体。合乎逻辑的本文中的技术处理规范都是基于圆柱体或者长方六面体的坯料的,该坯料可旋转的夹紧在两根轴之间。该坯料出于制造方面的原因具有较短的长度,以便每个坯料只较好的适用于一种牙齿仿制品,该牙齿仿制品由较少的环节构成。另外在这里一目了然的是,对表面的加工是与圆柱形或长方六面体形的坯料的纵轴垂直的进行的,这必然使得加工工具在圆周上对陶瓷材料进行切削并使得加工刀具遭到磨损,特别是在坯料为圆柱形的时候。另外很明显这种坯料的加工需要较长的铣削时间。这些重大的限制在最大程度上最小化了在这里提出的这种技术的认可性。
发明内容
在此本发明要提出一种改良措施。本发明的目的在于提出一种用于制造例如牙桥基干、牙帽或者植入体的牙科仿制品的坯料以及用于制造该坯料的方法,该坯料及方法将上述的缺点全部地、并永远地消除。在此按照本发明的目的,是为了提出一种用于制造坯料的基于一种系统的方法,其首次实现了由陶瓷材料制成的牙齿仿制品的多样性,其中该仿制品可以通过对附属于该方法的软件和硬件的简单的操作以很低的成本来制造。
根据本发明,所述所述坯料由陶瓷材料制成,该陶瓷材料是未烧结的形式或者没有最终烧结,并且其中所述坯料成型为一个圆盘形或者准圆盘形,其直径大于50mm,其中坯料由一种通过完全均衡或者准均衡的挤压而成的压制品而获得。
根据本发明,在用于制造上述坯料的方法中,由完全均衡地或者准均衡地对于陶瓷材料进行挤压而形成圆柱形的或者准圆柱形的压制品,其中多个不同厚度的圆盘形坯料与所述压制品的轴线呈直角地分离。
这样看来本发明的第一个目标是制备用于牙科仿制品加工的陶瓷材料,它的成形与材料硬度正好能够消除现有技术下的几种方案的局限性。现在按照本发明的陶瓷材料由一种板状的或者圆盘状的坯料构成,其本身由一种压制品获得,该压制品通过完全均衡或者准均衡挤压而成。
通过完全均衡或者准均衡挤压方式获得的压制品是圆柱形或者准圆柱形,并且在一个相对较大的直径的情况下,优选大于50mm,具有一个相对较大的长度,从而可以垂直于其轴线,以并行切削技术分离出来大量不同厚度的板状的坯料,这在上面已经说明过。该坯料也可以是由圆形或者准圆形的,直径和厚度可变的板或者由具有可变的外部尺寸和厚度的其它几何形式构成。
如上所述,这种完全均衡的挤压其优势在于,在各方面,也就是说在圆柱形压制品的轴线方向都具有挤压力,由此可以实现在整个加工面上陶瓷材料都具有最大均一性的内部密度。这种高度的均一性有这样的优点,即后续的对制造的牙齿仿制品的最终烧结过程,与其出自坯料的哪个部分无关,其特征为可以精确的预测收缩,这表现于最终产品的精确的尺寸稳定性。
另外根据本发明可以保证,板状的坯料在被加工成牙科仿制品之前或者处于一个明确的未烧结形式下,或者按照特定的标准首先这样进行热处理,使其作为未经过最终烧结的坯料获得加工。坯料的一个均一的明确的物理结构是以对在最终烧结过程中与制造的牙齿仿制品相关的收缩的精确预测为前提条件的,而与该最终烧结过程是否使得陶瓷材料到达一个绝对的比重或者根据需要保持在这个比重无关。
本发明的一个主要优点在于,该坯料的大的截面可以毫不费力的允许安置尺寸大的牙科复制品,其最多可以达到14节牙桥基干,其中在处理上对多个仿制品进行安置可以一次进行,因此使用这种坯料可以进行长时间的铣削加工而不需要更换材料。由此可以得出,装备时间被分布在多个仿制品上,这对于制造成本起着及其积极的作用。
本发明另一个主要优点在于,对于生产成本的进一步最小化是这样进行的,坯料的最大直径允许更好地充分利用处在圆弧区域的材料,从而便能够对要进行的加工随时进行最优化的定位,即使是已经被加工的很厉害的坯料。
本发明的另一个主要优点在于,根据仿制品可以使用不同的坯料厚度,例如用于加工牙冠的薄坯料,用于加工高的牙桥基干的较厚的坯料。
本发明的另一个主要优点在于,通过坯料的分类,可以精确的预测在最终烧结过程中可以预期的收缩。
原则上如上所述,本发明的另一个主要优点在于,现在加工不是在圆柱形或者长方六面体形坯料的周长上进行,而是在根据本发明的板状坯料的平坦的面上进行,由此在按照本发明的坯料的情况下需要短的多的加工时间(铣削时间),因为相对于圆柱形或者长方六面体形坯料所要切削的材料少的多。
本发明的解决方案的优选的和适宜的改进方案在其它权利要求中说明。
下面根据附图来详细说明本发明的一个实施例。略去了所有对于本发明的直接理解不重要的元件。相同的元件在不同的附图中使用相同的附图标记。
附图说明
附图示出:
图1示出了加工一个坯料时的最重要的特征。
图2示出了由一个坯料制造牙齿仿制品以及
图3示出一个三节的牙桥基干。
具体实施方式
图1示出在加工一个坯料3时的机械装置的布置。如上面多次所述,该坯料3是一个板状结构,并且在至少一个CAD/CAM加工站中垂直的夹紧在一个夹紧装置4中,由此主轴驱动电动机1与所属的铣刀2在水平方向加工坯料3的面。坯料3在一个夹紧装置4中可以绕轴线5可旋转的夹紧着,其中坯料3在周向方向上具有同心的车削环形槽6,夹紧装置4传力连接的作用到该车削环形槽。该坯料3的水平加工使得各个牙齿仿制品的闭合形状和空穴形状被加工出。这里会预先确定和转换为最优控制的工作位置。该坯料的加工除了可以通过CAD/CAM实现,也可以通过其它切削系统实现。该加工过程前面的过程可以如下简短的描述为:
在一个石膏型上,用一种塑性材料塑造牙龈。用蜡塑造带有连接条的中间环节(参见附图3),使得可以容易的去除掉。对于一个具有多个中间环节的牙桥基干类似的进行。首先将该塑造的石膏型用一个激光器读入,使用软件工具这些数据会被编排,其中这些数据随后会被读入CAD系统中。除了输入壁厚以及粘固粉缝隙不需要其它的设计上的干涉。接着定位支杆。对于一个直径大约为100mm的坯料可以加工最多20个单元(参见附图2)。数控铣削数据会自动生成。当然会使用对此适宜的软件并且继续进行一个改善过程。整个系统可以很方便实现客户的特殊需求。涉及到按照本发明的坯料的规格,在通过完全均衡或者准均衡挤压一个压制件以及按照未烧结或者未最终烧结状态制造坯料已经在前文的“发明内容”一章中详细讨论过了。通过完全均衡或者准均衡挤压制造的压制件根据需要,在其切削成板状的坯料前,精车削成一个圆柱实体。当然也可以使用一个CAD/CAM加工站,其中坯料水平安置,而主轴驱动电动机垂直运行。
图2示出了坯料3及其自由加工面7,其中可以看到被铣削的仿制品8以及已经切离出去的牙桥基干和牙帽9。
图3示出一个已经加工好的三节牙桥基干,由两个端部牙帽11,一个中间环节12以及两个中间连接部13组成。该牙桥基干在其从一个坯料中分离出来后进行了一次最终烧结处理。这里为了保证最优的加工精度,使用一个高温管炉,其由于它的可重复的高精度表明是一个最优的选择。具有超过4KW的功率以及一个+/-2℃的可重复精度,该烧结炉构成了生产方法的最后一步工艺过程。由氧化锆制成的仿制品需要马上经过1500℃高温,经过16小时以内的烧结至绝对能够达到的比重6.075g/mm3。如果该牙齿仿制品的绝对能达到的比重由于任何原因没有实现,那么需要相应的匹配温度以及在烧结炉中停留的时间。

Claims (13)

1.用于制造牙科仿制品的坯料,其中,所述坯料由陶瓷材料制成,该陶瓷材料是未烧结的形式或者没有最终烧结,并且其中所述坯料成型为一个圆盘形或者准圆盘形,其直径大于50mm,其中坯料由一种通过完全均衡或者准均衡的挤压而成的压制品而获得。
2.按照权利要求1所述的坯料,其中,所述坯料的直径至少为80mm。
3.按照权利要求1所述的坯料,其中,所述坯料的厚度大于10mm。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的坯料,其中,所述坯料(3)在周向具有用于以其传力连接的方式夹紧在CAD/CAM加工站的一个夹紧装置(4)中的至少一个同心的车削环形槽。
5.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的坯料,包括完全均衡地或者准均衡地挤压的陶瓷材料。
6.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的坯料,其中,所述陶瓷材料由氧化锆组成。
7.按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的坯料,其中,所述牙科仿制品是牙桥基干、牙帽或者植入体。
8.用于制造按照权利要求1至3中任一项所述的坯料的方法,其中,由完全均衡地或者准均衡地对于陶瓷材料进行挤压而形成圆柱形的或者准圆柱形的压制品,其中多个不同厚度的圆盘形坯料与所述压制品的轴线呈直角地分离。
9.按照权利要求8所述的方法,其中,所述压制品的外圆周被车削为圆柱形。
10.按照权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中,直径至少为80mm的坯料在完全均衡挤压的情况下制造。
11.按照权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中,所述坯料具有大于10mm的厚度。
12.按照权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中,所述陶瓷材料由氧化锆组成。
13.按照权利要求8或9所述的方法,其中,具有圆柱形状的所述坯料在圆周方向上获得同心的车削环形槽。
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