CN1713398A - 可降低启始电压偏移的薄膜晶体管结构及其制造方法 - Google Patents

可降低启始电压偏移的薄膜晶体管结构及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1713398A
CN1713398A CN200510055077.XA CN200510055077A CN1713398A CN 1713398 A CN1713398 A CN 1713398A CN 200510055077 A CN200510055077 A CN 200510055077A CN 1713398 A CN1713398 A CN 1713398A
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黄坤铭
徐振富
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Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co TSMC Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种可降低启始电压偏移的薄膜晶体管结构及其制造方法。晶体管结构至少包含:一基板;一薄膜晶体管元件,形成于该基板上;以及保护层,形成于该薄膜晶体管元件上,其中该保护层是以富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。本发明通过提高形成氧化硅层时所使用的含硅气体量,同时降低形成氧化硅层时所使用的含氧气体量来增加氧化硅层内的悬浮键数,以降低保护层制程中,等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面的机会,而增加启始电压的均匀度。

Description

可降低启始电压偏移的薄膜晶体管结构及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种薄膜晶体管的结构及其制造方法,且特别是有关于一种具有低启始电压偏移的薄膜晶体管结构及其制造方法。
背景技术
集成电路技术上已经有提高元件构装密度的趋势。缩小元件的大小可达到大集成度的半导体集成电路。但是降低元件的大小,许多集成电路制造上的困难因而产生。在集成电路技术进步的今日,不只元件的尺寸日益缩短,而且单位晶元的元件聚集度也愈来愈高,于是,制程更是日趋复杂,特别是关键着晶体管元件电流参数的启始电压值的大小。一般而言,均匀一致的启始电压对元件性能特别重要。
对于一个晶体管元件而言,其闸极与底层硅基板间通常会以一个闸极氧化层(二氧化硅层,SiO2)加以隔离,其彼此间的键结关系如图1所示,在硅基板100与二氧化硅层102的界面间存有悬浮键104,此悬浮键104为相当不稳定的键结,当有外来原子时会被此键结抓住(trap)而影响原有的电性表现。尤其,最外一层的保护层是采用等离子化学气相沉积法,在此过程中,等离子体很容易进入硅基板100与二氧化硅层102的界面,而为悬浮键104所抓住,影响原先设定电性值的偏移,如启始电压的偏移。
尤其当元件设计越来越小,硅基板100与二氧化硅层102的界面离金属层的距离越来越近,一旦此距离低于某一特定值,金属层的电荷会很容易的为此界面所抓住,而影响元件的电性表现,因此必须寻求其它提高启始电压均匀度的方法。
发明内容
为了解决上述启始电压不稳定的问题,本发明的主要目的为提供一种薄膜晶体管元件的制造方法以提高启始电压均匀度,利用改变制程参数,降低保护层制程中等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面的机会,而增加启始电压的均匀度。
本发明的另一目是用以提供一种具低启始电压偏移的薄膜晶体管结构,来解决启始电压移位的问题。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种薄膜晶体管结构,该结构可降低启始电压偏移,至少包含:一基板;一薄膜晶体管元件,形成于该基板上;以及一保护层,形成于该薄膜晶体管元件上,其中该保护层是以富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供了一种制造薄膜晶体管元件的方法,该方法至少包含:提供一基板;在该基板上形成一薄膜晶体管元件;以及形成一保护层于该薄膜晶体管元件上,其中该保护层是以富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。
根据本发明的再一方面,提供了一种制造薄膜晶体管元件的方法,该方法至少包含:提供一基板;形成一薄膜晶体管元件于该基板上;以及形成一保护层于该薄膜晶体管元件上,其中该保护层是以等离子增强式化学气相沉积法沉积一富硅氧化硅材料所形成。
本发明所提供改善启始电压均匀度的晶体管结构及其制造方法,通过提高形成氧化硅层时所使用的含硅气体量,同时降低形成氧化硅层时所使用的含氧气体量,也即增加SiH4的气体流量,降低N2O的气体流量来增加氧化硅层内的悬浮键数。通过悬浮键数的增加,提高了等离子制程时抓住等离子体的机会,避免等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间的界面而影响元件的启始电压。同时此悬浮键的增加,也可增加金属层电荷抓住的机会,同样避免硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面电荷的进入而受影响,因此元件的启始电压即可得到良好的均匀度。
为让本发明的上述和其它目的、特征、和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举一较佳实施例,并配合所附图式,作详细说明如下。
附图说明
图1显示了一个薄膜晶体管元件的闸极氧化层与底层硅基板间的键结关系。
图2显示了本发明较佳实施例的薄膜晶体管的截面图。
图3显示了一个薄膜晶体管元件的氮化层与氧化硅层间的键结关系。
其中,附图标记说明如下:
100硅基板              102二氧化硅层
104和300悬浮键         200多晶硅层
201氮化硅保护层        202氧化硅保护层
203金属层              204内层介电材料层(ILD)
205氮化硅层            206闸极氧化层
具体实施方式
在不限制本发明的精神及应用范围的情况下,以下以一实施例介绍本发明的实施。熟悉此领域的普通技术人员,在了解本发明的精神后,当可应用本发明降低启始电压偏移的制程方法于各种不同的薄膜晶体管元件中。其中本发明的制程方法是利用改变第一保护层的制程参数,降低当进行第二保护层的等离子制程中,等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面的机会,因而为此界面所抓住,而影响元件的电性表现。本发明的应用当不仅限于以下所述的较佳
实施例。
本发明提供了一种方法,用以改善元件启始电压的均匀度,参考图2所示为本发明较佳实施例的一薄膜晶体管的截面图。首先在一具有源/漏极区的半导体基材(图中未绘出)上,具有一多晶硅层200,其与半导体底材间以一闸极氧化层206加以隔离,并接续形成氮化硅层205,然后覆盖一内层介电材料层(ILD)204于氮化硅层205之上,以做为元件的隔离层。接着形成金属层203作为薄膜晶体管元件导电用,并将保护元件的保护层202与201沉积在芯片上。一般而言,薄膜晶体管元件的保护层是使用氧化硅202与氮化硅201加以形成,而氮化硅201因为不易被水气所渗透,所以通常使用于最外一层,而传统上,氮化硅层201是采用PECVD法加以形成。
由于一般在形成最外层薄膜晶体管元件的氮化硅保护层201时,使用PECVD的等离子制程,因此等离子体离子很容易进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间的界面,而破坏原先设定的启始电压。为了避免等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间的界面,本发明将氧化硅保护层202的制程参数做变更,来增加氧化硅保护层202内的悬浮键,即以富硅(silicon rich)的氧化硅材料来形成此保护层,其中等离子制程使用PECVD,由增加的悬浮键可在氮化硅保护层201的等离子制程过程中抓住(trap)等离子体离子,来降低等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面的机会,而影响元件的启始电压,其中所形成的氧化硅保护层202的厚度约为3000埃至7000埃。
参考图3所示为氧化硅保护层202与氮化硅保护层201间的界面图形,其中氧化硅保护层202中具有悬浮键300,此悬浮键300可在氮化硅保护层201的等离子制程过程中抓住(trap)等离子体离子,但是若是此悬浮键300不够多,也即未被抓住的等离子体离子很多,如此会提高等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面的机会,而影响元件的启始电压。
另一方面,当元件设计得越来越小,也即硅基板与二氧化硅层的界面离金属层的距离越来越近,或是金属层面积越来越大,金属层的电荷会很容易的为此界面所抓住,而影响元件的电性表现,但是借助悬浮键300的增加,金属层203的电荷也会很容易的为此悬浮键300所抓住,因此同样的可降低金属层203的电荷进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面的机会。本发明即是通过改变氧化硅保护层202的制程参数来增加氧化硅保护层202内的悬浮键300的数目。
传统的制程参数与本发明所使用的制程参数如下表所述:
表一:形成氧化硅保护层的制程参数比较表
Figure A20051005507700071
传统形成氧化硅保护层202是以PECVD的方法,使用气体流量在54sccm(cm3/分)的SiH4,和气体流量1200sccm(cm3/分)的N2O加以沉积,而所形成的薄膜折射率约为1.46。而本发明的氧化硅保护层202,也采用PECVD法,其中所用的气体流量在86sccm(cm3/分)的SiH4,和气体流量1000sccm(cm3/分)的N2O加以沉积,其中所形成的薄膜折射率约为1.55。本发明通过将原本N2O的气体流量由1200sccm(cm3/分)降低至1000sccm(cm3/分),同时将原本SiH4的气体流量由54sccm(cm3/分)提高至86sccm(cm3/分),通过提高含硅气体流量而形成富硅(silicon rich)的氧化硅层,来增加氧化硅保护层202内的悬浮键数量。
参考表二所示,显示了制程中增加氧化硅保护层202内的悬浮键数量后,测量元件的启始电压的结果。
表二:改变氧化硅层制程参数后的启始电压偏移测量结果:
折射率(RI)   启始电压的偏移(毫伏,mv)Spec=10mV 制程结果
  RI=1.46   6~11mv   失败
  RI=1.51   4~8mv   成功
  RI=1.53   3~7mv   成功
  RI=1.55   1~9mv   成功
  RI=1.57   2~8mv   成功
由表中数据显示使用本发明的制程条件来成长氧化硅层的结果,当所形成的氧化硅层薄膜折射率在1.51至1.57之间时,其启始电压均匀度会得到改善。因此,证实通过将原本N2O的气体流量降低,同时将原本SiH4的气体流量增加,来增加氧化硅保护层202内的悬浮键数量,对元件的启始电压均匀度有相当大的影响。
综合以上所述,本发明所提供的改善启始电压均匀度的方法,通过提高形成氧化硅层时所使用的含硅气体量,同时降低形成氧化硅层时所使用的含氧气体量,例如本较佳实施例所述的增加SiH4的气体流量,并降低N2O的气体流量来增加氧化硅层内的悬浮键数。通过悬浮键数的增加,提高了等离子制程时抓住等离子体离子的机会,避免等离子体离子进入硅基板与闸极氧化层间的界面而影响元件的启始电压。同时此悬浮键的增加,也可增加金属层电荷抓住的机会,同样避免硅基板与闸极氧化层间界面因此电荷的进入而受影响,因此元件的启始电压即可得到良好的均匀度。
值得注意的是本发明的方法可使用于任何遭受启始电压偏移的薄膜晶体管元件中,尤其当元件设计越来越小的同时,本发明仅需通过改变气体的流量参数,而不需进行任何薄膜晶体管元件结构的改变,更明显凸显出本案的进步性所在。
虽然本发明已以一较佳实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,可作出各种改变和修饰,因此本发明的保护范围由权利要求书确定。

Claims (15)

1、一种薄膜晶体管结构,该结构可降低启始电压偏移,其特征在于,至少包含:
一基板;
一薄膜晶体管元件,形成于该基板上;以及
一保护层,形成于该薄膜晶体管元件上,其中该保护层是以富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。
2、如权利要求1所述的薄膜晶体管结构,其特征在于,该富硅的氧化硅材料的折射率为1.51至1.57。
3、如权利要求1所述的薄膜晶体管结构,其特征在于,该富硅的氧化硅材料的折射率为1.53至1.57。
4、如权利要求1所述的薄膜晶体管结构,其特征在于,该保护层厚度为3000埃至7000埃。
5、如权利要求1所述的薄膜晶体管结构,还包含一形成于该薄膜晶体管元件与该保护层间的一额外保护层,其中该额外保护层是以一非富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。
6、一种制造薄膜晶体管元件的方法,其特征在于,该方法至少包含:
提供一基板;
在该基板上形成一薄膜晶体管元件;以及
形成一保护层于该薄膜晶体管元件上,其中该保护层是以富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。
7、如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,该富硅的氧化硅材料的折射率为1.51至1.57。
8、如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,该富硅的氧化硅材料的折射率为1.53至1.57。
9、如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,该保护层厚度为3000埃至7000埃。
10、如权利要求6项所述的方法,还包含形成一位于该薄膜晶体管元件与该保护层之间的额外保护层,其中该额外保护层是以一非富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。
11、一种制造薄膜晶体管元件的方法,其特征在于,该方法至少包含:
提供一基板;
形成一薄膜晶体管元件于该基板上;以及
形成一保护层于该薄膜晶体管元件上,其中该保护层是以等离子增强式化学气相沉积法沉积一富硅氧化硅材料所形成。
12、如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,该富硅的氧化硅材料的折射率为1.51至1.57。
13、如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,该富硅的氧化硅材料的折射率为1.53至1.57。
14、如权利要求11所述的方法,其特征在于,该保护层厚度为3000埃至7000埃。
15、如权利要求11所述的方法,还包含形成一位于该薄膜晶体管元件与该保护层之间的额外保护层,其中该额外保护层是以一非富硅的氧化硅材料所形成。
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