CN1688724A - 超高机械强度钢以及涂覆有锌或锌合金的该钢薄板的生产方法 - Google Patents

超高机械强度钢以及涂覆有锌或锌合金的该钢薄板的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN1688724A
CN1688724A CNA038238403A CN03823840A CN1688724A CN 1688724 A CN1688724 A CN 1688724A CN A038238403 A CNA038238403 A CN A038238403A CN 03823840 A CN03823840 A CN 03823840A CN 1688724 A CN1688724 A CN 1688724A
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A·莫林
J-L·拉普因特
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Abstract

本发明涉及超高机械强度钢,其化学组成包含(以重量%计):0.060%≤C≤0.250%;0.400%≤Mn≤0.950%;Si≤0.300%;Cr≤0.300%;0.100%≤Mo≤0.500%;0.020%≤Al≤0.100%;P≤0.100%;B≤0.010%;Ti≤0.050%,其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。本发明还涉及涂覆有锌或锌合金的所述钢的薄板的制造方法。

Description

超高机械强度钢 以及涂覆有锌或锌合金的该钢薄板的生产方法
本发明涉及超高机械强度钢以及涂覆有锌或锌合金的该钢薄板的生产方法。
有若干种其成分及其显微组织不同的超高机械强度钢。因而,被称作双相钢的钢具有由铁素体和马氏体构成的显微组织,这可使其达到400MPa至大于1200MPa的抗拉强度。
为了获得可达到高机械性能的显微组织,这些钢种(nuance)均足够多地载有各种元素,如铬、硅、锰、铝或磷。然而,当希望对这些钢种涂覆防腐蚀涂层(例如通过热浸镀锌来进行)时,其会出现问题。
实际上发现,钢板表面相对于锌或锌合金具有很差的润湿性。钢板因而包含未被涂覆的部分,其构成了诱发腐蚀的优先区域。
为了克服此问题,业已提出了各种不同方法。因而,已知的方法是:对金属进行预涂覆,这将能够提供与锌更好结合的基底。为此,业已提出沉积铁,铝,铜及其它元素,通常通过电沉积来进行。这些方法的缺点是在镀锌之前增加了额外的步骤。
另外还提出,让钢板在退火炉中经过,该退火炉尤其具有特定的气氛,所述气氛可以使铁选择性氧化,从而形成铁氧化物层,在该层上可以有效地沉积锌。但是,这种方法需要非常细致地调节和非常严格地控制氧化条件。
因而,本发明的目的在于提供一种钢组合物,其没有现有技术组合物的缺点,尤其是,其特别适合于用锌或锌合金涂覆,同时保持高机械性能。
为此,本发明的第一目的在于超高机械强度钢,其化学组成包含(以重量%计):
0.060%≤C≤0.250%
0.400%≤Mn≤0.950%
         Si≤0.300%
         Cr≤0.300%
0.100%≤Mo≤0.500%
0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
         P≤0.100%
         B≤0.010%
         Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
在一优选实施方式中,所述钢包含:
0.080%≤C≤0.120%
0.800%≤Mn≤0.950%
         Si≤0.300%
         Cr≤0.300%
0.100%≤Mo≤0.300%
0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
         P≤0.100%
         B≤0.010%
         Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
该实施方式可获得抗拉强度约为450MPa的钢薄板。
在另一优选实施方式中,所述钢包含:
0.080%≤C≤0.120%
0.800%≤Mn≤0.950%
         Si≤0.300%
         Cr≤0.300%
0.150%≤Mo≤0.350%
0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
         P≤0.100%
         B≤0.010%
         Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
该实施方式可获得抗拉强度约为500MPa的钢薄板。
在另一优选实施方式中,所述钢包含:
0.100%≤C≤0.140%
0.800%≤Mn≤0.950%
         Si≤0.300%
         Cr≤0.300%
0.200%≤Mo≤0.400%
0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
         P≤0.100%
         B≤0.010%
        Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
该实施方式可获得抗拉强度约为600MPa的钢薄板。
在另一优选实施方式中,所述钢具有由铁素体和马氏体构成的显微组织。
本发明的第二目的在于涂覆有锌或锌合金的本发明超高机械强度钢的薄板。
本发明的第三目的在于涂覆有锌或锌合金的本发明钢薄板的生产方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
-制造其组成符合本发明的扁钢锭,热轧然后冷轧所述钢锭,从而获得薄板,
-以2-100℃/s的速率加热所述薄板,直至达到700-900℃的保温温度为止,
-以2-100℃/s的速率冷却所述薄板,直至达到的温度接近包含熔融锌或锌合金的浴的温度为止,然后
-通过浸于所述浴中而对所述薄板涂覆锌或锌合金,并以2-100℃/s的冷却速率将其冷却至环境温度。
在另一优选实施方式中,薄板在保温温度下保温10-1000秒。
在另一优选实施方式中,包含熔融锌或锌合金的浴保持在450-480℃的温度,并且薄板的浸入时间为2-400秒。
在另一优选实施方式中,所述浴主要含锌。
本发明的第四目的在于涂覆有锌或锌合金的超高机械强度钢薄板在生产汽车构件中的用途。
本发明基于以下的新发现,即通过用所要求保护的最大值来限制锰、硅和铬的含量,由此生产的钢种可以获得优异的涂覆性。根据希望的机械性能水平来调节淬火元素的含量,所述淬火元素例如是碳和钼,已发现它们不会损害所述涂覆性。
为此,例如可使用提供临界淬火速度V(℃/s)的十进制对数的常规公式:
Log(V)=4.5-2.7%Cγ-0.95%Mn-0.18%Si-0.38%Cr-1.17%Mo-1.29(%C×%Cr)-0.33(%Cr×%Mo)
式中,Cγ表示冷却前奥氏体的碳含量。
本发明钢组合物包含0.060-0.250重量%的碳,因为业已发现,当碳含量低于0.060%时,该钢种不可再淬火,并且无法再获得所希望的高机械性能。当碳含量高于0.250重量%时,碳将严重地损害该钢种的可焊性。
所述组合物还包含0.400-0.950重量%的锰。与碳相同,需要满足下限要求,以便获得可淬火钢种,同时应当满足上限要求,以保证该钢种良好的涂覆性。
所述组合物还包含最高为0.300重量%的硅。为保证该钢种良好的涂覆性,必须满足其上限要求。
所述组合物还包含最高为0.300重量%的铬。为保证该钢种良好的涂覆性,必须满足其上限要求。
最后,本发明组合物应当包含0.100-0.500重量%的钼,因为业已发现,当钼含量低于0.100%时,该钢种无法再获得所希望的高机械性能。当钼含量高于0.500重量%时,钼将严重地损害该钢种的可焊性。
所述组合物还可任选地包含至多0.010重量%的硼,并且如果需要的话,其可利用最大含量为0.050重量%的钛进行保护。元素钛对氮的亲合力明显大于硼,其通过形成一氮化钛而捕获硼。
所述钢组合物还可以包含各种不可避免的残余元素,包括N、Nb、Cu、Ni、W、V。
特别优选地是,对可使钢容易老化的氮含量进行限制。
由于其改善的镀锌性能,本发明钢特别适合在生产汽车用构件领域中的应用,尤其是用于生产可见构件如车身元件,在涂漆之后,与利用现有技术的钢生产的元件相比,其具有美观的外表。
现在将基于下面的观察结果和实施例来阐明本发明,所述实施例是非限定性实施例,表1给出了所试验钢的化学成分(以10-3重量%表示)。
表1
  C   Mn   Si   Cr   Mo   Al   B   Ti   N   P   S   Cu   Ni   V
  A   59   1195   121   491   -   38   -   -   5.4   11   2   6   23   -
  B   83   1546   361   204   -   24   -   -   5.1   15   2   8   22   -
  C*   95   906   12   15   102   33   -   -   2.3   25   4   9   20   -
  D*   93   909   10   15   205   33   -   -   2.3   25   4   9   23   3
  E*   85   900   11   14   305   35   -   -   2.6   25   4   9   25   3
  F*   90   900   11   15   306   33   1   27   2.5   25   4   9   25   4
*根据本发明
将这些不同组成制成15kg钢锭的形式。然后将这些钢锭加热至1250℃保温45分钟,之后经过7道次热轧,最终的轧制温度为900℃。
通过利用带有阻化剂的水淬火来冷却如此获得的钢板,冷却速率约为25℃/s,然后在被冷却之前于550℃被卷绕。
然后,在进行下述热循环之前,以70%的压下率对其进行冷轧。
-以约30℃/s的速率加热,直至达到770-810℃的保温温度保持50-80秒,以模拟80-150m/min的线速度,
-以约10℃/s的速率冷却薄板,直至达到470℃为止。
然后在锌浴中将薄板浸镀锌,在该浴中的停留时间取决于所选的线速度(80-150m/min),然后以5℃/s的速率冷却至环境温度。
随后测量每块薄板的下述机械性能:
-Rm:抗拉强度(MPa),
-Rel:弹性极限(MPa),
-A:断裂伸长(%),
-Ag:分布伸长(%)(allongement réparti),
-P:水平(%)(palier),
以及薄板的马氏体比例(%M)。
试验1:钼含量和硼存在的影响
针对保温温度为790℃且线速度为120m/min的钢种A-F研究这种影响。
  Rm   Rel   A   Ag   P  %M
  A   480   375   28.2   18.8   2.3  1
  B   540   360   28.3   17.6   -  3
  C*   466   380   28.8   19.9   4.6  1
  D*   526   324   29.0   18.8   0.6  4
  E*   563   282   26.6   17.9   0  7
  F*   673   393   15.2   11.8   0  6
*根据本发明
对于本发明钢种来说,业已发现,通过增加钼含量,马氏体含量将增加,这使得抗拉强度增加且弹性极限降低。
但是,添加硼不会使马氏体的百分比增加,而是会导致马氏体和渗碳相的细化。
试验2:热处理的影响
针对钢种D,研究在三个线速度和三个保温温度下的这种影响(m/min):
保温温度 线速度   Rm   A   %M
  钢种D   770   80   502   29.4   1
  120   528   27.6   4
  150   534   27.3   6
  790   80   500   26.2   2
  120   526   29.0   4
  150   530   28.6   6
  810   80   505   29.9   3
  120   521   25.8   4
  150   530   26.4   6
业已发现,保温温度和线速度对所获得的机械性能几乎没有影响。这对于应当不易受这类变化影响的工业应用来说是一个特别有利的优点。
然后针对钢种F研究这种影响:
保温温度 线速度   Rm   A  %M
 钢种F   770   80   692   18.6  6
  120   687   15.3  6
  150   715   13.7  6
  790   80   664   17.3  6
  120   673   15.2  6
  150   688   16.6  6
  810   80   634   15.9  6
  120   654   16.0  6
  150   666   17.7  6
业已发现,将硼添加至本发明钢种中将使所形成的马氏体的比例稳定,该比例根本不会变化,与热处理参数无关。
试验3:镀锌能力
对钢种A、B、C和F的薄板进行热浸镀锌并将露点调节至-40℃。钢种A和B获得的薄板在其涂层中有缺陷,相反,钢种C和F具有连续涂层。

Claims (11)

1.一种超高机械强度钢,其特征在于,其化学组成包含,以重量%计:
      0.060%≤C≤0.250%
      0.400%≤Mn≤0.950%
               Si≤0.300%
               Cr≤0.300%
      0.100%≤Mo≤0.500%
      0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
               P≤0.100%
               B≤0.010%
               Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
2.权利要求1的钢,其特征在于,它还包含:
      0.080%≤C≤0.120%
      0.800%≤Mn≤0.950%
               Si≤0.300%
               Cr≤0.300%
      0.100%≤Mo≤0.300%
      0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
               P≤0.100%
               B≤0.010%
               Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
3.权利要求1的钢,其特征在于,它还包含:
      0.080%≤C≤0.120%
      0.800%≤Mn≤0.950%
               Si≤0.300%
               Cr≤0.300%
      0.150%≤Mo≤0.350%
      0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
               P≤0.100%
               B≤0.010%
               Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
4.权利要求1的钢,其特征在于,它还包含:
      0.100%≤C≤0.140%
      0.800%≤Mn≤0.950%
               Si≤0.300%
               Cr≤0.300%
      0.200%≤Mo≤0.400%
      0.020%≤Al≤0.100%
               P≤0.100%
               B≤0.010%
               Ti≤0.050%
其余是铁和源于生产操作的杂质。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的钢,其特征在于,其显微组织由铁素体和马氏体构成。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项的钢的超高机械强度薄板,其特征在于,它涂覆有锌或锌合金。
7.权利要求6的钢薄板的生产方法,其特征在于,它包括如下步骤:
-制造其组成符合权利要求1-4中任一项的扁钢锭,热轧然后冷轧所述钢锭,从而获得薄板,
-以2-100℃/s的速率加热所述薄板,直至达到700-900℃的保温温度为止,
-以2-100℃/s的速率冷却所述薄板,直至达到的温度接近包含熔融锌或锌合金的浴的温度为止,然后
-通过浸于所述浴中而对所述薄板涂覆锌或锌合金,并以2-100℃/s的冷却速率将其冷却至环境温度。
8.权利要求7的方法,其特征在于,薄板在所述保温温度下保温10-1000秒。
9.权利要求7或8的方法,其特征在于,所述包含熔融锌或锌合金的浴保持在450-480℃的温度,并且所述薄板的浸入时间为2-400秒。
10.权利要求7-9中任一项的方法,其特征在于,所述浴主要包含锌。
11.权利要求6的涂覆有锌或锌合金的超高机械强度钢薄板在生产汽车构件中的用途。
CNB038238403A 2002-09-06 2003-09-04 超高机械强度钢以及涂覆有锌或锌合金的该钢薄板的生产方法 Expired - Lifetime CN100422352C (zh)

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