CN1674988A - 用于烷烃芳构化的催化剂、其制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
用于烷烃芳构化的催化剂、其制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1674988A CN1674988A CNA038189828A CN03818982A CN1674988A CN 1674988 A CN1674988 A CN 1674988A CN A038189828 A CNA038189828 A CN A038189828A CN 03818982 A CN03818982 A CN 03818982A CN 1674988 A CN1674988 A CN 1674988A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- zeolite
- germanium
- platinum
- aluminium
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005899 aromatization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical group [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical group [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical group [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical group [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000577 Silicon-germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- -1 aluminium-silicon-germanium Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 19
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Ge] Chemical compound [Si].[Ge] LEVVHYCKPQWKOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013844 butane Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium oxide Inorganic materials O=[Ge]=O YBMRDBCBODYGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxogermanium Chemical compound [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IHICGCFKGWYHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=CC=CC=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1C Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1C IHICGCFKGWYHSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical group [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910008310 Si—Ge Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XHTYLQIVWOTDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Si](O)(O)(O)O Chemical compound [Cr].[Si](O)(O)(O)O XHTYLQIVWOTDHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] Chemical compound [Si].[Si].[Si].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti].[Ti] GNKTZDSRQHMHLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种催化剂、一种制备该催化剂的方法以及一种用该催化剂将烷烃芳构化为芳族化合物的方法,具体地说是将每分子具有2-6个碳原子的烷烃如丙烷芳构化为芳族化合物如苯、甲苯和二甲苯。该催化剂是其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石。锗存在于结晶沸石的骨架中。铂沉积在该沸石上。该催化剂可以由氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化钍、二氧化硅、氧化硼或它们的混合物作为载体。在该催化剂的表面上可含有硫化合物。该硫化合物可以在预处理工艺中加入到催化剂中或可以与烃进料一起引入以在芳构化工艺过程中与催化剂接触。通常,该催化剂的化学式为M[(SiO2)(XO2) X (YO2) Y] Z+ y/n,其中M是如铂、金之类的贵金属,X是钛、锗或其它一种四价元素,Y是硼、铝、镓、铟、碲或其它一种三价元素,Z是n价阳离子,如H+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+或Ba2+,x为0-0.15,y0-0.125。一个催化剂的例子表示为|H+Pt| [Si91Ge4Al1O192]-MFI。
Description
发明背景
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种用于将烷烃芳构化为芳族化合物的催化剂,具体地说涉及一种用于把每分子具有2-6个碳原子的烷烃芳构化为芳族化合物如苯、甲苯和二甲苯的沸石催化剂,优选MFI-型结构、最优选ZSM-5MFI沸石。
现有技术描述
沸石是一种结晶水合硅铝酸盐,其还可以含其它金属如钠、钙、钡和钾,并具有离子交换性能(Encarta World English Dictionary[North American Edition]&(P)2001 Microsoft Corporation)。制备沸石的方法包括(a)制备氧化硅(Silicon Oxide)和氧化铝源的含水混合物;和(b)使所述的含水混合物保持在结晶条件下直到所述沸石晶体形成。许多关于沸石的研究集中在含除硅和铝之外的元素的沸石骨架的合成上。
美国专利US 6160191公开了术语“沸石”不仅包括硅铝酸盐,而且包括其中铝被镓、钛、铁或硼所替代的物质以及其中硅被锗、锡和磷所替代的物质。授权给D.A.Young的美国专利US 3329480和US3329481报导了结晶硅酸锆沸石和硅酸钛沸石的存在。由Yermolenko等人在the Second Oil Union Conference on Zeolites,Leningrad,1964,第171-8页(1965出版)公开了在四面体位置具有铬的沸石。然而,在Zeolite Molecular Sieves,第322页,John Wiley & Sons(1974)中,D.W.Breck认为存在的铬并非存在于沸石A结构中,而是以不溶性杂质的形式存在。据说该杂质是硅酸铬的形式,正如水蒸汽吸附等温线性质所确认的。
已经用除骨架中铝以外的许多元素,包括铁合成了沸石ZSM-5。1984年7月13日公开的日本昭JP 59121115报导了含铁的沸石结构的合成,其公开了具有八面沸石结构并包含配位铁原子的硅铝酸盐。据说化学成分具有通式aM2/nO:bFe2O3:Al2O3:cSiO2,其中M可以是氢、碱金属或者碱土金属;符号n是M的化合价;a=1+/-0.3;c为4.6-100;a小于b,并且两者都小于7。晶格参数a0为24.3-24.7埃。相似地,美国专利US 4208305公开了结晶硅酸盐,其在结构上是SiO4 2-、FeO4 2-和任选的AlO4 -、GaO4 -和GeO4 -四面体的三维网络结构,其是通过共用氧原子相互连接的,并具有脱水形式的总组成:(1.0+/-0.3)(R)2/nO[aFe2O3 bAl2O3 cGa2O3]y(dSiO2 eGeO2),其中R是阳离子;a≥0.1;b≥0;c≥0;a+b+c=1;y≥10;d≥0.1;e≥0;d+e=1;且n是R的化合价。不含镓、锗和铝的硅酸盐是优选的。具有特定X射线粉末衍射图的硅酸盐也是优选的。
美国专利US 4713227公开了具有微孔、催化活性和离子交换性能的结晶杂原子磷酸分子筛(metalloalumino-phosphates),其在骨架内含诸如砷、铋、钴、铁、锗、锰、钒和锑这样的金属。
美国专利US 5179054阐明了尽管可以用与硅类似的锗形成基质,但其价格昂贵,且对于用于催化裂解重质烃油以制备沸点在汽油和馏出物之间的烃的催化剂的分子筛组分来说,通常不如硅酸金属盐即硅铝酸盐、gallosilicate、硅酸铁和硅酸硼好。
在T.Komatsu等人在Applied Catalysis A:General,第194-195卷,第333-339页(2000)发表的“Aromatization of butaneon Pt-Ge intermetallic compounds supported on HZSM-5”中,将铂-锗金属间化合物、铂类和锗类沉积在HZSM-5上作为把丁烷转化为芳族化合物的催化剂。据报道,对于转化率和选择性而言,Pt-Ge金属间催化剂有比Pt催化剂稳定的生产时间。据报道,相对铂而言,具有大量锗的催化剂具有较低丁烷转化率和对芳族化合物较低的选择性。
美国专利US 4704494公开了使用Pt-或Ge-改性的杂原子分子筛(metallosilicate)(Si/Me)催化剂将低分子量的烷烃转化为芳族化合物的方法,其中Me是铝、镓、钛、锆、锗、镧、锰、铬、钪、钒、铁、钨、钼、镍或它们的混合物。实施例是用Me为铝、锗制备的。没有制备具有锗的例子。没有任何要优于其它元素及它们的混合物而选择锗的暗示。
美国专利US 5456822公开了一种用催化剂芳构化每分子含有2-9个碳原子的烃的方法,该催化剂含:在骨架里含有硅、铝和/或镓MFI沸石、基质和在沸石上沉积的镓、铂族贵金属以及选自锡、锗、铟、铜、铁、钼、镓、铊、金、银、钌、铬、钨和铅中的一种金属。没有制备具有锗的例子。没有任何要优于其它元素和它们的混合物而选择锗的暗示。
美国专利US 4910357和US 5124497公开了使用非酸含铂催化剂由C8+石蜡制备单取代单烷基芳族化合物的方法,催化剂中结晶材料含锡、铟、铊或者铅。这些催化剂比其它向结晶物质里引入包括锗在内的其它元素的铂催化剂提供高得多的对芳族化合物的选择性。
美国专利US 6315892公开了一种制备具有载体、铂和锗的催化剂的方法,其中锗以在反应区中与预催化剂接触的有机化合物的形式引入。
美国专利US 5227557公开了一种使用含有铂和选自锡、锗、铅和铟中的一种金属的MFI沸石催化剂将每分子含有2-4个碳原子的烃芳构化的方法。可以通过注入、交换或者其它已知方法将铂和另外的金属引入到MFI沸石上。实施例使用了注入铂和其它的金属。实施例E包含0.3%铂和0.2%锗。
美国专利US 4036741公开了一种用具有多孔载体材料的酸性催化剂转化烃(包括石蜡脱氢环转化为芳族化合物)的方法,该催化剂含有卤素和均匀分散于全部载体材料中的铂、钴和锗,该载体材料可以是结晶沸石硅铝酸盐。对照含铂和锗但不含钴的催化剂,以在基本无硫的条件下用作用于相对低辛烷汽油馏分的重整催化剂的形式测试该催化剂。结果表明钴对更好的活性和活性稳定性是必要的。
一些含VIII族金属的沸石催化剂容易发生硫中毒。对于一些铂催化剂,尽管对硫有一些敏感性,但适量的硫如10-100ppm是可以接受的,有时是优选的。本领域众所周知的标准硫化方法是在硫化氢或硫化氢和氢气或氮气的混合物存在下加热至150-800℃,优选250-600℃。
美国专利US 4836336公开了一种方法,用于把C6-C12的烷烃进料,通过贵金属酸性中等孔径的沸石催化剂,转化为芳族化合物。该贵金属优选为铂族金属(铂、钯、铱、锇、铑或钌)并且沸石优选为ZSM-5、ZSM-11、ZSM-12、ZSM-22、ZSM-23、ZSM-35、ZSM-38、ZSM-48或沸石β。通过用硫化氢、二氧化硫或有机硫化合物预硫化该催化剂而将贵金属改变为其硫化物形式,以提高催化剂的芳族化合物选择性。没有公开锗作为催化剂的组分。
有利的是有这样一种沸石型催化剂,其在投入生产一段时间后,对于低级烷烃转化为芳族化合物如苯、甲苯和二甲苯的的选择性保持相对恒定。
发明目的
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供一种其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石,所述的催化剂对低级烷烃转化为芳族化合物具有相对恒定的选择性。
本发明另一个目的是提供一种合成其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石催化剂的方法。
本发明又一个目的是提供一种使用其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石催化剂芳构化烃的方法。
还有,本发明一个目的是提供一种预处理用于烃芳构化的、其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石催化剂的方法。
发明概述
通过其上沉积铂的微孔铝-硅-锗沸石实现这些和其它目的。通过以下步骤合成该催化剂,制备在骨架中含有铝、硅和锗的沸石,在沸石上沉积铂并煅烧该沸石。该沸石结构可以是MFI、FAU、TON、MFL、VPI、MEL、AEL、AFI、MWW或MOR,但优选,沸石具有MFI结构,更优选是ZSM-5MFI沸石。在烷烃的芳构化工艺中使用该催化剂:在芳构化条件下,使其上沉积铂的微孔铝-硅-锗沸石与至少一种烷烃接触,并收集芳族化合物产物。
附图简述
结合附图考虑时,通过参考以下详细描述将容易更全面理解本发明并理解其许多附带的优点:
图1是说明本发明催化剂转化率(%)或选择性相对生产时间(分钟)的图。
发明详述
已经发现,将铂沉积在其中已将锗引入沸石的硅铝酸盐结构中的MFI沸石催化剂前体上来制备这样一种催化剂,该催化剂相对生产时间具有提高的稳定性,即对于低级烷烃转化为芳族化合物(例如每分子具有2-6个碳原子的烷烃转化为苯、甲苯和二甲苯)保持相对恒定的选择性。
可以由任何已知的制备铝、硅和锗的MFI结构的方法制备该沸石。已知沸石是结晶化硅酸盐,包括TO4的四面体结构,该结构通过共享氧原子形成三维网络,其中T表示四价硅和三价铝。三价元素如镓和更稀少的硼或铍可以替代铝。
沸石通常从水溶液结晶。合成沸石的典型工艺包括利用溶解/再结晶机理,通过水热法把非晶形凝胶转化为沸石催化剂。反应介质还包含结构化试剂,其在结晶化过程中被引入沸石的网络的微孔空间中,由此控制网络的构造并通过与沸石组分的相互作用而有助于稳定该结构。
正如作为参考引入本文的美国专利US 5246688中公开的,通过以下步骤制造基于氧化硅和任选的钛、锗、锆和/或锡的氧化物的MFI沸石:(1)加热含水的均匀反应混合物,由此形成沸石沉淀物,该反应混合物包含(a)一种M2/nSiF5络合物和任选的至少一种M2/nT’F6络合物,其中M是n价阳离子,其中T’是钛、锆、锗和/或锡,(b)通过水热分解提供OH离子的试剂和结构化试剂;(c)如叔胺或季铵化合物,和(2)分离和煅烧这种沉淀物以从所得到的沸石中的微孔和孔道中去除结构化试剂。
在美国专利3702886和J.Phys.Chem,第97卷,第5678-5684页(1993)中也可以发现制备MFI沸石的方法,引入本文作为参考。
MFI沸石中硅/锗与铝的原子比(Si-Ge∶Al)优选大于25∶1,更优选45∶1-250∶1,并且最优选50∶1-100∶1。硅相对锗的比率优选100∶1-8∶1,更优选50∶1-10∶1,最优选25∶1-11∶1。
通过任何已知的将金属沉积在沸石上的方法把铂沉积在MFI沸石上。典型的将金属沉积在沸石上的方法是离子交换和浸渍(impregnation)。存在的铂优选0.05-3%,更优选0.2%-2%,最优选0.2-1.5%。
该催化剂可以与镁、铝、钛、锆、钍、硅、硼的氧化物和它们的混合物结合。载体优选是无定型的,优选铝的氧化物(氧化铝)。
催化剂的平均孔径优选为5-100埃,更优选为5-50埃,最优选5-20埃。
催化剂可以含通过沉积在催化剂的表面上的元素或化合物与硫化物接触形成的反应产物,如硫化铂。
硫化物的非限制性实例是H2S,CnH2n+2S,其中n=1-20;CnH2n+1S2,其中n=2-22和CnH2n+1S,其中n=2-22。可以在轻质烷烃芳构化反应之前或过程中加入该硫化物,即可以用该硫化物预先处理该催化剂,或在芳构化工艺过程中,当烃进料与催化剂接触时,该硫化物与烃进料一起引入。
该催化剂的化学式可以表示为
M[(SiO2)(XO2)X(YO2)Y]Z+ y/n
其中M是贵金属,如铂或金,X是钛、锗、锡或其它一种四价元素,Y是硼、铝、镓、铟、碲或其它一种三价元素,Z是n价阳离子,如H+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+或Ba2+,x为0-0.15,y为0-0.125。按照IUPAC的推荐,催化剂的例子为:
|H+Pt|[Si91Ge4Al1O192]-MFI
已经概括描述了本发明,给出以下实施例作为本发明的特定实施方案并证明本发明实践和优点。应该理解,给出实施例只是通过举例说明而不是把说明书或权利要求书限制为遵循任何方式。
实施例1
合成沸石:
40.6克硅胶(40%二氧化硅),2.251克硝酸铝[Al(NO3)3·9H2O],19.575克TPAB,14.7克氟化氢(40%水溶液),91.3克甲胺(40%水溶液)和39.54克水混合20分钟。在搅拌的同时,将3.93克的四氯化锗逐滴加入到混合物中。通过加入氟化氢(40%浓度)把PH值调节到约为10。搅拌该混合物5分钟。把175克该混合物转移到高压釜反应器中并在170℃下加热18小时。洗涤得到的固体并在90℃下干燥一夜,然后通过以每分钟1℃的速率从室温加热到550℃并在550℃下保持5小时以进行煅烧。产物的最终重量是13.6克。
形成:
10.4克上述合成沸石与14.9克水合氧化铝混合。用0.05N硝酸润湿该混合物,捏合15分钟以形成捏塑体。该捏塑体在90℃下干燥一夜,然后在550℃煅烧5小时。粉碎得到的固体并筛分以形成20/40(美国筛)粉末。
将由上面筛分的粉末与约125毫升的1.0M硝酸铵混合。用0.05N硝酸将PH值调节至6。将得到的混合物放置在60℃的烘箱中1小时,偶尔振荡。倾析该混合物,并用5等分的60毫升蒸馏水在60℃下洗涤得到的固体30分钟。
任选地,在90℃下干燥该固体1夜。
铂离子交换:
将1.94克(NH3)4Pt(NO3)2溶解在100毫升蒸馏水中。将33毫升该溶液与3克上述沸石混合。用0.05N硝酸将PH值调节至6。将该混合物在60℃烘箱中放置24小时,最初四个小时期间每个小时振荡。倾析该混合物,并重复前述的过程两次。在室温下洗涤该固体5次,每次用60毫升蒸馏水。在90℃下干燥该固体一夜,然后通过以1℃/分钟的速率从室温加热到300℃,并在300℃的温度下保持4小时而进行煅烧。
硫化氢预处理:
将4.003克上述形成的催化剂加入反应器中,加热至400℃并用存在于氮气中的50%的氢气吹扫4小时。在400℃下,用1%硫化氢(20毫升/分钟)代替50%氢气流直到检测到硫化氢穿透。用存在于氮气中的50%的氢气(40毫升/分钟)代替硫化氢气流并在400℃继续处理一小时。
对比例A
与上面实施例1的沸石合成、形成和离子交换一样形成、离子交换、煅烧并预处理仅含二氧化硅和铝骨架元素、且二氧化硅/氧化铝比为150/1(ZEOLYST CBV 15014G)的沸石。
对比例B
将15克仅含有二氧化硅和氧化铝(150∶1)骨架元素的ZSM-5沸石与细分散的氧化锗粉末(0.30克)混合。然后与上面实施例1的沸石合成、形成和离子交换一样形成、离子交换、煅烧和预处理该混合物。
对比例C
将15克仅含有二氧化硅和氧化铝(150∶1)骨架元素的ZSM-5沸石与细分散的氧化锗粉末(0.9克)混合。然后与上面实施例1的沸石合成、形成和离子交换一样形成、离子交换、煅烧和预处理该混合物。
催化剂测试:
在不锈钢管中,使用用氮气稀释至总共25psia的15psia丙烷测试该催化剂。取决于所用催化剂的活性,重量时空速度(WHSV)为0.35-1.7h-1。通过在线取样至气相色谱来分析产物,其中定量检测所有碳原子数为1-12的烃组分。选择性用丙烷转化的量表示;A9+=C9-C11芳族化合物;BTX=苯+甲苯+二甲苯。
测试实施例1的催化剂用于丙烷芳构化,并给出表1中显示的结果。在100多小时的测试中BTX选择性保持恒定。
表1(实施例1的催化剂)
WHSV=0.35h-1;反应T=475℃
时间(小时) | 转化率(%) | CH4(wt%) | C2H6(wt%) | C4H10(wt%) | A9+(wt%) | BTX(wt%) |
3.5 | 37 | 2 | 24 | 11 | 6 | 56 |
12.5 | 34 | 2 | 24 | 13 | 5 | 56 |
24.5 | 33 | 2 | 24 | 13 | 4 | 56 |
36.5 | 32 | 2 | 24 | 14 | 4 | 55 |
48.5 | 33 | 2 | 24 | 14 | 4 | 56 |
60.5 | 33 | 2 | 24 | 14 | 3 | 56 |
72.5 | 32 | 2 | 24 | 14 | 3 | 56 |
84.5 | 31 | 2 | 24 | 14 | 3 | 56 |
96.5 | 31 | 2 | 24 | 14 | 3 | 56 |
112 | 30 | 2 | 24 | 14 | 3 | 56 |
137 | 32 | 2 | 23 | 14 | 3 | 57 |
146 | 31 | 2 | 23 | 15 | 3 | 56 |
测试对比实施例A所述的催化剂用于丙烷芳构化,并给出表2中显示的结果。在最初100小时的测试中BTX选择性未能保持恒定。
表2(对比实施例A的催化剂)
WHSV=0.35h-1;反应T=465℃
时间(小时) | 转化率(%) | CH4(wt%) | C2H6(wt%) | C4H10(wt%) | A9+(wt%) | BTX(wt%) |
3.5 | 39 | 2 | 23 | 12 | 8 | 54 |
12.5 | 35 | 2 | 26 | 15 | 6 | 50 |
23 | 37 | 2 | 30 | 15 | 6 | 46 |
35 | 38 | 2 | 32 | 16 | 5 | 43 |
47 | 37 | 2 | 33 | 17 | 6 | 41 |
59 | 35 | 2 | 34 | 17 | 5 | 40 |
71 | 37 | 2 | 35 | 18 | 5 | 38 |
83 | 37 | 2 | 36 | 18 | 5 | 38 |
95 | 36 | 2 | 36 | 18 | 5 | 37 |
107 | 35 | 2 | 36 | 19 | 5 | 36 |
119 | 34 | 2 | 36 | 19 | 5 | 36 |
131 | 33 | 2 | 36 | 19 | 5 | 36 |
146 | 33 | 2 | 37 | 19 | 5 | 36 |
测试对比实施例B所述的催化剂用于丙烷芳构化,并给出表3中显示的结果。选择性不能保持恒定。
表3(对比实施例B的催化剂)
WHSV=0.6h-1;反应T=450℃
时间(小时) | 转化率(%) | CH4(wt%) | C2H6(wt%) | C4H10(wt%) | A9+(wt%) | BTX(wt%) |
2 | 37 | 2 | 30 | 12 | 6 | 49 |
2.75 | 39 | 2 | 31 | 12 | 6 | 49 |
3.5 | 38 | 2 | 31 | 12 | 6 | 48 |
4.25. | 39 | 23 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 47 |
5 | 38 | 2 | 32 | 12 | 5 | 47 |
9.5 | 40 | 2 | 34 | 12 | 5 | 45 |
15.5 | 39 | 2 | 35 | 13 | 5 | 44 |
20 | 38 | 2 | 35 | 13 | 5 | 43 |
24.5 | 38 | 2 | 36 | 13 | 5 | 43 |
30.5 | 37 | 2 | 36 | 13 | 5 | 42 |
35 | 38 | 2 | 36 | 13 | 5 | 42 |
39.5 | 37 | 2 | 36 | 13 | 5 | 42 |
45.5 | 37 | 2 | 37 | 13 | 5 | 42 |
47 | 37 | 2 | 36 | 13 | 5 | 42 |
测试对比实施例C所述的催化剂用于丙烷芳构化,并给出表4中显示的结果。选择性未能保持恒定。
表4(对比实施例C的催化剂)
WHSV=0.3h-1;反应T=450℃
时间(小时) | 转化率(%) | CH4(wt%) | C2H6(wt%) | C4H10(wt%) | A9+(wt%) | BTX(wt%) |
3.2 | 46 | 4 | 42 | 9 | 0 | 45 |
5.2 | 46 | 4 | 43 | 10 | 0 | 43 |
9.8 | 45 | 4 | 44 | 10 | 0 | 42 |
15.2 | 35 | 3 | 41 | 15 | 0 | 41 |
19.8 | 35 | 3 | 41 | 15 | 0 | 41 |
25.2 | 34 | 3 | 41 | 15 | 0 | 40 |
30.5 | 34 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 40 |
39.8 | 34 | 3 | 41 | 15 | 0 | 40 |
49.2 | 34 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 40 |
75.2 | 33 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 40 |
99.2 | 33 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 40 |
125.8 | 32 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 39 |
149.2 | 31 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 39 |
175.8 | 31 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 40 |
199.2 | 31 | 3 | 42 | 15 | 0 | 39 |
249.2 | 29 | 3 | 41 | 16 | 0 | 39 |
292.5 | 28 | 3 | 41 | 16 | 0 | 39 |
正如可以从以上数据可看出的,虽然各种催化剂的转化率可以相比较,但具有其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石的催化剂(实施例1)对于苯-甲苯-二甲苯(BTX)具有更高的选择性,该选择性在100多小时的操作时间内基本保持恒定。在沸石骨架中没有锗的催化剂对BTX的选择性随时间而丧失。
本发明所述的催化剂具有如下所示的X射线衍射图,其中已经按照标准方法确定了给出的值(射线:Cu-K-α),波长:1.54埃)。
表5:Ge-ZSM-5主要粉末XRD强度
d-间距[埃] | 强度 |
11.15 | 40 |
10.04 | 33 |
9.77 | 12 |
6.38 | 13 |
4.27 | 19 |
3.85 | 100 |
3.77 | 22 |
3.72 | 42 |
3.66 | 35 |
强度以任意单位衡量,因此最强峰值为100。与Al-ZSM-5相比,Ge-ZSM-5峰值向更高的d-间距值移动。
根据以上教导,本发明可进行许多改进和变化。可理解在本发明可以在所附的权利要求的范围内实施而并非按所具体描述的实施。
Claims (47)
1.一种芳构化烃的方法,其包括:
a)使每分子含有2-6个碳原子的烷烃与至少一种含其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石的催化剂接触,和
b)回收芳族化合物产物。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中硅-锗与铝的原子比大于25∶1。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中硅-锗与铝的原子比为45∶1-250∶1。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中硅-锗与铝的原子比为50∶1-100∶1。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中二氧化硅与锗的比为100∶1-8∶1。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中二氧化硅与锗的比为50∶1-10∶1。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中二氧化硅与锗的比为25∶-11∶1。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中铂以0.05-3%的量存在。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中铂以0.2-2%的量存在。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中铂以0.2-1.5%的量存在。
11.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中烷烃与催化剂之间的接触在0.1-100h-1的时空速度下进行。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中烷烃与催化剂之间的接触在200-600℃的温度下进行。
13.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中烷烃与催化剂之间的接触在5-215psia的压力下进行。
14.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述沸石具有MFI、FAU、TON、MFL、VPI、MEL、AEL、AFI、MWW或MOR结构。
15.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述催化剂还含硫。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述烷烃还含硫。
17.一种合成铝-硅-锗-铂沸石催化剂的方法,其包括:
a)制备一种含有铝、硅和锗的沸石;
b)将铂沉积在沸石上;和
c)煅烧该沸石。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述铂通过阳离子交换沉积。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述铂通过浸渍沉积。
20.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中该沸石具有MFI、FAU、TON、MFL、VPI、MEL、AEL、AFI、MWW或MOR结构。
21.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述催化剂依次先用氢处理、再用硫化合物、然后再用氢处理。
22.一种用于芳构化烃的铝-硅-锗-铂沸石催化剂,其包含:
a)微孔铝-硅-锗沸石;和
b)沉积在微孔铝-硅-锗-铂上的铂。
23.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中硅-锗与铝的原子比大于25∶1。
24.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中硅-锗与铝的原子比为45∶1-250∶1。
25.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中硅-锗与铝的原子比为50∶1-100∶1。
26.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中二氧化硅与锗的比为100∶1-9∶1。
27.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中二氧化硅与锗的比为50∶1-10∶1。
28.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中二氧化硅与锗的比为25∶1-11∶1。
29.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中铂以0.05-3%的量存在。
30.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中铂以0.2-2%的量存在。
31.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中铂0.2-1.5%的量存在。
32.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中该沸石的孔隙尺寸为5-100埃。
33.如权利要求32所述的催化剂,其中该沸石的孔隙尺寸为5-50埃。
34.如权利要求33所述的催化剂,其中该沸石的孔隙尺寸为5-20埃。
35.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中该沸石具有MFI、FAU、TON、MFL、VPI、MEL、AEL、AFI、MWW或MOR结构。
36.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中该催化剂还含硫化合物。
37.如权利要求36所述的催化剂,其中该硫化合物为H2S;CnH2n+2S,其中n=1-20;CnH2n+1S2,其中n=2-22或CnH2n+1S,其中n=2-22.。
38.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中该催化剂用式M[(SiO2)(XO2)X(YO2)Y]Z+ y/n表示,其中M是贵金属,X是四价元素,Y是三价元素,Z是n价阳离子,x为0-0.15,y为0-0.125。
39.如权利要求38所述的催化剂,其中M是铂或金。
40.如权利要求38所述的催化剂,其中X是钛、锗或锡。
41.如权利要求38所述的催化剂,其中Y是硼、铝、镓、铟或碲。
42.如权利要求3 8所述的催化剂,其中Z是H+、Na+、K+、Rb+、Cs+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Sr2+或Ba2+。
43.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中该催化剂具有化学式|H+Pt|[Si91Ge4Al1O192]-MFI。
44.如权利要求22所述的催化剂,其中其X射线衍射图包括本说明书表5中给出的值。
45.一种预处理用于芳构化烃催化剂的方法,其包括:
a)选择一种其上沉积铂的铝-硅-锗沸石;
b)用氢处理该沸石;
d)用硫化合物处理该沸石;
e)再次用氢处理该沸石。
46.如权利要求45所述的方法,其中在第一步处理步骤之前,该沸石与无定型氧化铝结合。
47.如权利要求45所述的方法,其中该硫化合物为H2S;CnH2n+2S,其中n=1-20;CnH2n+1S2,其中n=2-22或CnH2n+1S,其中n=2-22。
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RU2005102841A (ru) | 2005-07-10 |
RU2307117C2 (ru) | 2007-09-27 |
US7247593B2 (en) | 2007-07-24 |
CN100422122C (zh) | 2008-10-01 |
AU2003258030A8 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
US20040028584A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
EP1531931A2 (en) | 2005-05-25 |
WO2004013095A3 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
EP1531931B1 (en) | 2019-01-16 |
US20040192539A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
US6784333B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 |
EP1531931A4 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
AU2003258030A1 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
WO2004013095A2 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
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