CN1666592A - Cultivating method for improving eucommia male flower yield - Google Patents
Cultivating method for improving eucommia male flower yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN1666592A CN1666592A CNA2005100174659A CN200510017465A CN1666592A CN 1666592 A CN1666592 A CN 1666592A CN A2005100174659 A CNA2005100174659 A CN A2005100174659A CN 200510017465 A CN200510017465 A CN 200510017465A CN 1666592 A CN1666592 A CN 1666592A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
Disclosed a culture method for improving the production of gutta-percha male flower, comprises three methods as reconstruction of present gutta-percha garden by graft at high part and change of excellent, building garden with graft seedling, and building garden with stock: selecting grafts of high production clone; selecting stocks of gutta-percha sapling or seedling; graft in spring and later summer; after construction of garden with cutting tree or graft at high part and change of excellent, carrying out shaping, shearing, and stripping, cutting the main trunk and principal branch, fertilization of soil and foliage and so on. The culture method provided in said invention can accelerate the process of industrialization greatly by advancing the period of blooming 3-5 years and improving the production 40-50 times than present.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the cultivation technology of the bark of eucommia, particularly a kind of breeding method that improves eucommia male flower yield.
Background technology:
The male flower of the bark of eucommia is in the past only as the pollination insemination, a large amount of male flowers is finished pollination insemination back in annual spring and is just come off naturally, a large amount of wastes of eucommia Bark male flower resource have been caused, the inventor is at the outstanding problem that exists in the exploitation of health products such as present bark of eucommia tea, stamen and bud with eucommia Bark male flower were that the primary raw material development and production go out eucommia ulmoides male flower tea in 1998, made full use of the eucommia Bark male flower resource, the new way of developing bark of eucommia comprehensive utilization provides a kind of new health drink to people.After eucommia ulmoides male flower tea was succeeded in developing, will be new road of market development of health protection tea: at first the mouthfeel of eucommia ulmoides male flower tea had had obvious improvement than general health protection tea, and taste has the exclusive delicate fragrance of eucommia Bark male flower again near ordinary tea leaves, drinks tasty and refreshing; Secondly tea shape and ordinary tea leaves are very approaching and more soft and fine, and outward appearance is very good-looking, do not need bag bubble packing, have the internal potential to high-grade tea direction exploitation; Moreover the soup look of eucommia ulmoides male flower tea is yellowish green bright, and tea perfume (or spice) overflows.No matter sample and product quality from integral body, the domestic and abroad market prospect of eucommia ulmoides male flower tea is all very wide.
But the wretched insufficiency of eucommia ulmoides male flower tea raw material has become eucommia ulmoides male flower tea to develop one of topmost restraining factors: because bark of eucommia dioecism, in forest, staminiferous plant only accounts for about 50%, and these staminiferous plants bloom lately, and flower yield is low and unstable.According to investigations, the existing 10 years above bark of eucommia woods per mu yield of life fresh flower quantity not sufficient 5kg in the whole nation.According to present present situation, if without the science transformation, utilize the male flower of existing bark of eucommia woods to produce eucommia ulmoides male flower tea, can't fundamentally solve the low problem of eucommia male flower yield; In addition, the gutta-percha tree height of self-sow is big, and the collection of eucommia Bark male flower is very difficult, as not carrying out cultivation mode and technological innovation, can't fundamentally solve the problems that eucommia ulmoides male flower tea is produced.
Summary of the invention:
Purpose of the present invention is exactly low at above-mentioned eucommia male flower yield, gather difficulty, cause outstanding problems such as cost of processing height, and provide a kind of breeding method that improves eucommia male flower yield, this method is to select the high breeding staminiferous plant of male flower yield, utilize high connecing to change the method that excellent, bark of eucommia choiceness grafting and stock are built the garden, adopt technology such as short flower, rational application of fertilizers, increased substantially eucommia male flower yield.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of breeding method that improves eucommia male flower yield comprises following measure: the choiceness (staminiferous plant) that select to bloom early, flower yield is high is done scion; Stock is selected the treelet of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm～18cm or the seedling of leading thread 0.5cm～2.5cm for use, and stock grafting watered permeable 1 time in preceding 7～10 days; Grafting was carried out during 5 ℃～13 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in spring, and summer, autumn carry out when 18 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, adopt and are with wooden plate budding or are with wooden bud sheet to amplexiform, and bud length of a film 1.5cm～4.0cm wraps up with the plastic strip that performance of keeping humidity is good; Spring, summer grafting, cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.5cm place of buddering in 7～15 days after the grafting, separate when above and tie up when the coppice shoot length of buddering reaches 15cm after 30～40 days, the grafting in autumn, budder and do not sprout then, grafting was lightened restrictions on after 20 days, and trees sprouted and cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.5cm place of buddering in preceding 7～15 days the 2nd year spring, buddered to separate after beginning to sprout and tied up, cut all bud pickings in time behind the anvil, promote to budder germination and growth, the garden density of building is 3m * 4m～1m * 1m, every 667m
2Plant or keep 56～667 strains, stay that to do highly be 0.5m～1.8m, tree-like employing natural open centre shape and cylindrical; Trunk and major branch are carried out band girdle and girdling processing; The full-bloom stage of blooming every year is being bloomed more than the branch base portion 3～8 bud place cutting backs and gather eucommia Bark male flower; Annual to bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden mould earth rational application of fertilizers at least 3 times, spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times.
This breeding method can adopt height to connect to change in the existing bark of eucommia of excellent breeding method transformation, the low yield garden, and concrete measure is: stock is selected the treelet of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm～18cm for use, is every 667m by sparselying fell improved density
256～667 strains; Above 0.5m～1.8m cut to do stock from ground in resting stage, selects 3～6 of coppice shoots after the rudiment in spring, cultivates into grafted branch, all the other coppice shoots are removed, when coppice shoot reaches 30cm～50cm, carry out pinching, preceding 7～10 days of grafting connects height and changes excellent bark of eucommia garden and irrigate water 1 time; Height connects the time of changing excellent band girdle, girdling and is: carry out during 23 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in summer then, height connects when changing 18 ℃～28 ℃ of excellent the 2nd year beginning daily mean temperatures in annual summer and carries out; Sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees impose 3 times bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special, each every 667m during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether
2Fertilizing amount 15kg～25kg, summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.3%～0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
This breeding method also can adopt grafting to build the garden method grafting of cultivating fine seed strains, newly-built bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden, concrete measure is: stock is selected the bark of eucommia seedling of leading thread 0.5cm～2.5cm for use, when the stock height reaches 0.5m when above, carrying out pinching handles, grafting time is: spring grafting is carried out when 5 ℃～13 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the summer and autumn of grafting when 19 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, after the afforestation, stay to do highly to be 0.5m～1.5m, band girdle, girdling time carry out when building 18 ℃～26 ℃ of garden beginning in the 2nd year daily mean temperatures in summer in every year; Fertilising is to impose 3 times the bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether in sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees.Concrete fertilizing amount is: 15g～30g is executed in the each every strain in the 1st year of afforesting, and later on annual every strain increases 15g～25g, each every strain fertilising 250g～300g since the 10th year.Summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.3%～0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
This breeding method also can adopt stock to build garden method elder generation field planting stock, build up bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden with the high choiceness grafting of bark of eucommia flower yield again, concrete measure is: stock is selected the bark of eucommia seedling of leading thread 0.5cm～2.5cm, bark of eucommia resting stage afforestation, with all stock stumps, the stump position is above 2cm～5cm on ground preceding 10 days of rudiment in the afforestation back, 1 the eugonic coppice shoot of selecting and remain after the rudiment, all the other are erased, and when the stock height reaches 0.4m～0.6m, carry out pinching and handle; Grafting time carried out during 19 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in summer and autumn, stayed after the grafting to do highly to be 0.5m～1.5m, and band girdle, girdling time carry out during from 18 ℃～28 ℃ of grafting beginning in the 2nd year daily mean temperatures in summer in every year; Fertilising is to impose 3 times the bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether in sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees.Concrete fertilizing amount is: 15g～25g is executed in the each every strain in the 1st year of afforesting, and later on annual every strain increases 15g～25g, each every strain fertilising 250g～300g since the 10th year.Summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.3%～0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
More than all breeding methods, also comprise trunk and major branch are carried out band girdle, the concrete grammar of band girdle is that band girdle length is 2cm～15cm on trunk, major branch, sprays " bark of eucommia increases Pi Ling " of 50mg/kg behind the band girdle at the band girdle position, with the plastic film wrapping, untie binder after 10 days then; Or band girdle length is 0.3cm～0.8cm on trunk, major branch, and stripping face exposes behind the band girdle; Or band girdle length is 1.0cm～2.0cm on trunk, major branch, and at the bark band that stays a wide 0.2cm～0.5cm up and down between two edges of a knife, stripping face exposes behind the band girdle.
More than all breeding methods, comprise that also trunk and major branch are carried out girdling to be handled, the concrete grammar of girdling be with bark of eucommia trunk, major branch with Ring-shape cutter or budding knife ring-type incised wound 2～3 circles, apart from 1mm～2mm, reach xylem deeply between the edge of a knife.
More than all breeding methods, after the bark of eucommia enters initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage at eucommia Bark male flower in spring in every year, collection in conjunction with eucommia Bark male flower, at the 3rd～8 the bud place of blooming more than the branch base portion with the branch cutting back, overstocked branch or weak branch are removed from this branch base portion, on the branch of cutting, gather male flower.
Good effect of the present invention is:
1, breeding method of the present invention can make the bark of eucommia shift to an earlier date 3～5 years flowering stage.
2, the present invention has improved eucommia male flower yield, annual every 667m after 5～7 years
2The male flower flower production can reach more than the 300kg, improves 40～50 times than present bark of eucommia woods eucommia male flower yield.
3, the present invention can be closely supporting with eucommia ulmoides male flower tea industrialization production, can increase substantially eucommia ulmoides male flower tea output, makes eucommia ulmoides male flower tea raw material and processing cost reduce by 3～5 times.
4, after the invention process, can promote the industrialization process of the peculiar precious eucommia ulmoides male flower tea of China, promote bark of eucommia comprehensive utilization.
Embodiment:
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1: the invention will be further described to connect the cultivation of changing the existing bark of eucommia woods of excellent transformation by height.
1, the selection of choiceness
Height connects and changes the existing bark of eucommia woods selection result of excellent transformation morning, male flower yield height, the unconspicuous choiceness of biennial bearing and do scion.
2, stock is cultivated
(1) stock is selected
Select in the more neat bark of eucommia of growth 100 mu in low yield garden, at first existing woods is sparselyed fell transformation, transform the every 667m in back
2Conserved density 110～333 strains, stock diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm～6cm.
(2) stock grafting pre-treatment
Height connects and changes excellent stock above 1.0m～1.5cm cut to do from ground in resting stage.Select after the rudiment in spring to be evenly distributed, 3～4 of eugonic coppice shoots, cultivate into grafted branch, all the other coppice shoots are removed.When coppice shoot reaches 50cm, carry out pinching.Preceding 7～10 days of grafting connects height and changes excellent bark of eucommia garden and irrigate water 1 time, perhaps in the grafting after saturating 1 time of raining.
3, graft technology
(1) grafting time
Height connects and changes excellent grafting time and carry out during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in summer.
(2) grafting method
Height connect change excellent grafting part at new coppice shoot from trunk 6cm～15cm place.Height connects and changes excellent employing and be with wooden plate budding or be with wooden bud sheet to amplexiform.Bud length of a film 2.5cm～3.5cm, 1.0cm～1.5cm under the bud wherein, 1.5cm～2.0cm on the bud.Wrap up with the plastic strip that performance of keeping humidity is good, reveal bud during wrapping.
(3) management after the grafting
Cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.0cm place of buddering in 7～15 days after the grafting, separate when above and tie up when the coppice shoot length of buddering reaches 15cm after 30 days.Cut bud picking in time behind the anvil, promote to budder germination and growth.
4, planting density
Height connects and changes the excellent transformation every 667m in back
2Density is 56～667 strains;
5, pruning and short flower technology
(1) stays dried height
Height connects and changes the excellent bark of eucommia and stay and do height 0.5m～1.2m.
(2) bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden high yield is tree-like
Height connects and changes excellent improved bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden and adopt cylindrical tree-like.
(3) trunk, major branch band girdle and girdling
Height connects the bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden of changing excellent transformation and adopts following band girdle, girdling technology.The time of band girdle, girdling is: height connects to change and excellently carries out during 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in summer then, and height connects when changing 22 ℃～26 ℃ of excellent the 2nd year beginning daily mean temperatures in annual summer and carries out.The concrete grammar of band girdle is: (1) band girdle length on trunk, major branch is 5cm～8cm, sprays " bark of eucommia increases Pi Ling " of 50mg/kg behind the band girdle at the band girdle position, with the plastic film wrapping, unties binder after 10 days then.(2) band girdle length is 1.0cm～1.5cm on trunk, major branch, and at the bark band that stays a wide 0.3cm～0.5cm up and down between two edges of a knife, stripping face exposes behind the band girdle.The concrete grammar of girdling is: bark of eucommia trunk, major branch with Ring-shape cutter or budding knife ring-type incised wound 2～3 circles, apart from 1mm～2mm, are reached xylem between the edge of a knife deeply.
(4) prune spring
After the bark of eucommia enters initial bloom stage, at the annual full-bloom stage that spring, eucommia Bark male flower was bloomed, in conjunction with the collection of eucommia Bark male flower, at the 5th～8 the bud place of blooming more than the branch base portion with the branch cutting back, overstocked branch or weak branch are removed from this branch base portion, on the branch of cutting, gather male flower.
6, rational application of fertilizers technology
Except that carrying out normal rich water quality management, sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees impose 3 times bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special, each every 667m during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether
2Fertilizing amount 20kg.Summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
Embodiment 2: the invention will be further described to build the cultivation of garden method by bark of eucommia grafting.
1, the selection of choiceness
Selection is bloomed and morning, male flower yield height, the unconspicuous choiceness of biennial bearing is done scion.
2, stock is cultivated
(1) stock is selected
When adopting grafting to build the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of the method male flower garden in garden, select for use the bark of eucommia seedling of leading thread 0.5cm～1.5cm to do stock.
(2) stock grafting pre-treatment
The stock height that is used to cultivate grafting reaches 0.5m when above, carries out pinching and handles.Preceding 8～10 days of grafting irrigates water 1 time with the nursery, perhaps in the grafting after saturating 1 time of raining.
3, graft technology
(1) grafting time
Spring grafting is carried out when 7 ℃～13 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the summer and autumn of grafting when 19 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures.
(2) grafting method
Grafting part is above 3cm～5cm place on ground.Employing is with the method for wooden plate budding.Bud length of a film 2.0cm～3.0cm, 0.5cm～1.0cm under the bud wherein, 1.5cm～2.0cm on the bud.Wrap up with the plastic strip that performance of keeping humidity is good, reveal bud during wrapping.
(3) management after the grafting
Spring, summer grafting, cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.0cm place of buddering in 7～15 days after the grafting, separate when above and tie up when the coppice shoot length of buddering reaches 15cm after 30 days.The grafting in autumn, to budder and do not sprout then, grafting was lightened restrictions on after 20～25 days.Trees sprouted and cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.0cm place of buddering in preceding 10～15 days the 2nd year spring, buddered to separate after beginning to sprout and tied up.No matter all bud pickings in time behind the anvil are cut in when grafting, promote to budder germination and growth.
4, planting density
With 1000 mu in the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of choiceness grafting male flower garden, every 667m
2333 strains of planting.
5, pruning and the short fruit technology of urging of spending
(1) stays dried height
With the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of choiceness grafting male flower garden, stay and do height 0.5m～1.0m.
(2) bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden high yield is tree-like
Adopt natural open centre shape tree-like with the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of choiceness grafting male flower garden.
(3) trunk, major branch band girdle and girdling
Adopt following band girdle, girdling technology with the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of choiceness grafting male flower garden.The time of band girdle, girdling is: carry out during from 20 ℃～26 ℃ of the 2nd year of newly-built garden beginning daily mean temperatures in annual summer.The concrete grammar of band girdle is: (1) band girdle length on trunk, major branch is 4cm～8cm, sprays " bark of eucommia increases Pi Ling " of 50mg/kg behind the band girdle at the band girdle position, with the plastic film wrapping, unties binder after 10 days then.(2) band girdle length is 0.5cm～1.5cm on trunk, major branch, and at the bark band that stays a wide 0.3cm～0.5cm up and down between two edges of a knife, stripping face exposes behind the band girdle.The concrete grammar of girdling is: bark of eucommia trunk, major branch with Ring-shape cutter or budding knife ring-type incised wound 2～3 circles, apart from 1mm～2mm, are reached xylem between the edge of a knife deeply.
(4) prune spring
After the bark of eucommia enters initial bloom stage, at the annual full-bloom stage that spring, eucommia Bark male flower was bloomed, in conjunction with the collection of eucommia Bark male flower, at the 4th～6 the bud place of blooming more than the branch base portion with the branch cutting back, overstocked branch or weak branch are removed from this branch base portion, on the branch of cutting, gather male flower.
6, rational application of fertilizers technology
Except that carrying out normal rich water quality management, sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees impose 3 times the bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether.Concrete fertilizing amount is: 20g is executed in the each every strain in the 1st year of afforesting, and later on annual every strain increases 20g, each every strain fertilising 250g since the 10th year.Summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～22 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
Embodiment 3: the invention will be further described to build the cultivation of garden method by bark of eucommia stock.
1, the selection of choiceness
Build the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of garden method male flower garden with stock, the morning of selecting to bloom, male flower tea output height, the unconspicuous choiceness of biennial bearing are done scion.
2, stock is built the garden
(1) planting density with plant back management
Select the bark of eucommia seedling of leading thread 0.8cm～1.2cm, 1000 mu in the bark of eucommia newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of resting stage male flower garden, planting density 1m * 2m.Plant the back preceding 10 days of rudiment with all stock stumps, the stump position is above 2cm～4cm on ground.1 the eugonic coppice shoot of selecting and remain after the rudiment, all the other are erased.
(2) stock grafting pre-treatment
Stock is built the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of garden method male flower garden, when the new coppice shoot height of stock reaches 50cm, carries out pinching.Preceding 7～10 days of grafting irrigates water 1 time with bark of eucommia garden, perhaps in the grafting after saturating 1 time of raining.
3, graft technology
(1) grafting time
Stock is built the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of garden method male flower garden grafting time and is carried out during 19 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in summer, autumn.
(2) grafting method
Grafting part is above 7cm～10cm place on ground.Wooden plate budding is with in employing, bud length of a film 2.0cm～3.0cm, 0.5cm～1.0cm under the bud wherein, 1.5cm～2.0cm on the bud.Wrap up with the plastic strip that performance of keeping humidity is good, reveal bud during wrapping.
(3) management after the grafting
Spring, summer grafting, cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.0cm place of buddering in 7～15 days after the grafting, separate when above and tie up when the coppice shoot length of buddering reaches 15cm after 30～40 days.The grafting in autumn, to budder and do not sprout then, grafting was lightened restrictions on after 20 days, and trees sprouted and cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.0cm place of buddering in preceding 10～15 days the 2nd year spring, buddered to separate after beginning to sprout and tied up.No matter all bud pickings in time behind the anvil are cut in when grafting, promote to budder germination and growth.
4, pruning and short flower technology
(1) stays dried height
Stock is built the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of garden method male flower garden and is stayed dried height 0.5m～1.0m.
(2) bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden high yield is tree-like
Stock is built the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of garden method male flower tea place and is adopted natural open centre shape and cylindrical tree-like.
(3) trunk, major branch band girdle and girdling
Stock is built the newly-built bark of eucommia breeding of garden method male flower garden and is adopted following band girdle, girdling technology.After the garden grafting of breeding male flower, carry out band girdle during 18 ℃～26 ℃ of the 2nd year beginning daily mean temperatures in annual summer, girdling is handled.The concrete grammar of band girdle is: (1) band girdle length on trunk, major branch is 4cm～6cm, sprays " bark of eucommia increases Pi Ling " of 50mg/kg behind the band girdle at the band girdle position, with the plastic film wrapping, unties binder after 10 days then.(2) band girdle length is 1.0cm～1.5cm on trunk, major branch, and at the bark band that stays a wide 0.3cm～0.5cm up and down between two edges of a knife, stripping face exposes behind the band girdle.The concrete grammar of girdling is: bark of eucommia trunk, major branch with Ring-shape cutter or budding knife ring-type incised wound 2～3 circles, apart from 1mm～2mm, are reached xylem between the edge of a knife deeply.
(4) prune spring
After the bark of eucommia enters initial bloom stage, at the annual full-bloom stage that spring, eucommia Bark male flower was bloomed, in conjunction with the collection of eucommia Bark male flower, at the 4th～6 the bud place of blooming more than the branch base portion with the branch cutting back, overstocked branch or weak branch are removed from this branch base portion, on the branch of cutting, gather male flower.
5, rational application of fertilizers technology
Except that carrying out normal rich water quality management, annual trees sprout preceding 15 days, summer daily mean temperature in the time of 18 ℃～22 ℃, 26 ℃～28 ℃, impose 3 times bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special altogether, concrete fertilizing amount is: 25g is executed in the each every strain in the 1st year of afforesting, later on annual every strain increases 20g, each every strain fertilising 250g since the 10th year.Summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of breeding method that improves eucommia male flower yield is characterized in that: the choiceness (staminiferous plant) that select to bloom early, flower yield is high is done scion; Stock is selected the treelet of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm～18cm or the seedling of leading thread 0.5cm～2.5cm for use, and stock grafting watered permeable 1 time in preceding 7～10 days; Grafting was carried out during 5 ℃～13 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in spring, and summer, autumn carry out when 18 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures; Employing is with wooden plate budding or is with wooden bud sheet to amplexiform, and bud length of a film 1.5cm～4.0cm wraps up with the plastic strip that performance of keeping humidity is good; Spring, summer grafting, cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.5cm place of buddering in 7～15 days after the grafting, separate when above and tie up when the coppice shoot length of buddering reaches 15cm after 30～40 days, the grafting in autumn, budder and do not sprout then, grafting was lightened restrictions on after 20 days, and trees sprouted and cut anvil at the above 1.5cm～2.5cm place of buddering in preceding 7～15 days the 2nd year spring, buddered to separate after beginning to sprout and tied up; Cut all bud pickings in time behind the anvil, promote to budder germination and growth; The garden density of building is 3m * 4m～1m * 1m, every 667m
2Plant or keep 56～667 strains, stay that to do highly be 0.5m～1.8m, tree-like employing natural open centre shape and cylindrical; Trunk and major branch are carried out band girdle and girdling processing; The full-bloom stage of blooming every year is being bloomed more than the branch base portion 3～8 bud place cutting backs and gather eucommia Bark male flower; Annual to bark of eucommia breeding male flower tea garden soil rational application of fertilizers at least 3 times, spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times.
2, the breeding method of raising eucommia male flower yield as claimed in claim 1, adopt height to connect to change in the existing bark of eucommia of excellent breeding method transformation, the low yield garden, it is characterized in that: stock is selected the treelet of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 2cm～18cm for use, is every 66,7m2 56～667 strains by sparselying fell improved density; Above 0.5m～1.8m cut to do stock from ground in resting stage, selects 3～6 of coppice shoots after the rudiment in spring, cultivates into grafted branch, all the other coppice shoots are removed, when coppice shoot reaches 30cm～50cm, carry out pinching, preceding 7～10 days of grafting connects height and changes excellent bark of eucommia garden and irrigate water 1 time; Height connects the time of changing excellent band girdle, girdling and is: carry out during 23 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in summer then, height connects when changing 18 ℃～28 ℃ of excellent the 2nd year beginning daily mean temperatures in annual summer and carries out; Sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees impose 3 times bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special, each every 667m during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether
2Fertilizing amount 15kg～25kg, summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.3%～0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
3, the breeding method of raising eucommia male flower yield as claimed in claim 1, grafting is built the garden method grafting of cultivating fine seed strains, newly-built bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden, it is characterized in that: stock is selected the bark of eucommia seedling of leading thread 0.5cm～2.5cm for use, when the stock height reaches 0.5m when above, carrying out pinching handles, grafting time is: spring grafting is carried out when 5 ℃～13 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the summer and autumn of grafting when 19 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, after the afforestation, stay to do and highly be 0.5m～1.5m, band girdle, the girdling time carries out when building 18 ℃～26 ℃ of garden the 2nd year beginning daily mean temperatures in annual summer; Fertilising is to impose 3 times the bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether in sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees.Concrete fertilizing amount is: 15g～30g is executed in the each every strain in the 1st year of afforesting, and later on annual every strain increases 15g～25g, each every strain fertilising 250g～300g since the 10th year.Summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.3%～0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
4, the breeding method of raising eucommia male flower yield as claimed in claim 1, adopt stock to build garden method elder generation field planting stock, build up bark of eucommia breeding male flower garden with the high choiceness grafting of bark of eucommia flower yield again, it is characterized in that: stock is selected the bark of eucommia seedling of leading thread 0.5cm～2.5cm, bark of eucommia resting stage afforestation, afforestation back preceding 10 days of rudiment with all stock stumps, the stump position is above 2cm～5cm on ground, 1 the eugonic coppice shoot of selecting and remain after the rudiment, all the other are erased, when the stock height reaches 0.4m～0.6m, carry out pinching and handle; Grafting time carried out during 19 ℃～30 ℃ of daily mean temperatures in summer and autumn, stayed after the grafting to do highly to be 0.5m～1.5m, and band girdle, girdling time carry out during from 18 ℃～28 ℃ of grafting beginning in the 2nd year daily mean temperatures in summer in every year; Fertilising is to impose 3 times the bark of eucommia composite fertilizer special during 18 ℃～22 ℃, 25 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures altogether in sprout preceding 15 days, summer of annual trees.Concrete fertilizing amount is: 15g～25g is executed in the each every strain in the 1st year of afforesting, and later on annual every strain increases 15g～25g, each every strain fertilising 250g～300g since the 10th year.Summer spray leaf fertilizer 3～5 times during 18 ℃～28 ℃ of daily mean temperatures, the bark of eucommia blade face of each foliage-spray 0.3%～0.5% is special-purpose fertile.
5, as the breeding method of claim 1,2,3 or 4 described raising eucommia male flower yields, it is characterized in that: also comprise trunk and major branch are carried out band girdle, the concrete grammar of band girdle is that band girdle length is 2cm～15cm on trunk, major branch, spray 50mg/kg " bark of eucommia increases Pi Ling " behind the band girdle at the band girdle position, with the plastic film wrapping, untie binder after 10 days then; Or band girdle length is 0.3cm～0.8cm on trunk, major branch, and stripping face exposes behind the band girdle; Or band girdle length is 1.0cm～2.0cm on trunk, major branch, and at the bark band that stays a wide 0.2cm～0.5cm up and down between two edges of a knife, stripping face exposes behind the band girdle.
6, as the breeding method of claim 1,2,3 or 4 described raising eucommia male flower yields, it is characterized in that: also comprise trunk and major branch are carried out the girdling processing, the concrete grammar of girdling is that bark of eucommia trunk, major branch are enclosed with Ring-shape cutter or budding knife ring-type incised wound 2～3, apart from 1mm～2mm, reach xylem deeply between the edge of a knife.
7, as the breeding method of claim 1,2,3 or 4 described raising eucommia male flower yields, it is characterized in that: after the bark of eucommia enters initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage at eucommia Bark male flower in spring in every year, collection in conjunction with eucommia Bark male flower, at the 3rd～8 the bud place of blooming more than the branch base portion with the branch cutting back, overstocked branch or weak branch are removed from this branch base portion, on the branch of cutting, gather male flower.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103493695A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-08 | 吉首大学 | Method for increasing gutta-percha content in eucommia leaves |
| CN103843553A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2014-06-11 | 灵宝市天地科技生态有限责任公司 | Method for increasing yield of eucommia staminate flowers in eucommia female strain fertilizing garden |
| CN104429628A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-25 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for shortening flowering stage of rubber tree hybridization parents |
| CN105284431A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-02-03 | 梁世君 | Eucommia ulmoides seedling nursing method |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1092470C (en) * | 1998-12-10 | 2002-10-16 | 中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心 | Cultivating method of increasing fruit yield and gum yield of gettama |
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2005
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843553A (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2014-06-11 | 灵宝市天地科技生态有限责任公司 | Method for increasing yield of eucommia staminate flowers in eucommia female strain fertilizing garden |
| CN103493695A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-08 | 吉首大学 | Method for increasing gutta-percha content in eucommia leaves |
| CN104429628A (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2015-03-25 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for shortening flowering stage of rubber tree hybridization parents |
| CN104429628B (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2017-06-16 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | The method for shortening rubber tree hybrid strain florescence |
| CN105284431A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2016-02-03 | 梁世君 | Eucommia ulmoides seedling nursing method |
| CN105284431B (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-10-13 | 梁世君 | A kind of bark of eucommia method for culturing seedlings |
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