CN1605019A - 密封状况检测装置 - Google Patents

密封状况检测装置 Download PDF

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CN1605019A
CN1605019A CNA028253841A CN02825384A CN1605019A CN 1605019 A CN1605019 A CN 1605019A CN A028253841 A CNA028253841 A CN A028253841A CN 02825384 A CN02825384 A CN 02825384A CN 1605019 A CN1605019 A CN 1605019A
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sealing
detected part
seal
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seal condition
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CN100343645C (zh
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大塚雄三
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Tetra Laval Holdings and Finance SA
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3604Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3656Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the type of elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being a layer of a multilayer part to be joined, e.g. for joining plastic-metal laminates
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/34Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement"
    • B29C65/36Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction
    • B29C65/3672Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint
    • B29C65/3676Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic
    • B29C65/368Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated elements which remain in the joint, e.g. "verlorenes Schweisselement" heated by induction characterised by the composition of the elements heated by induction which remain in the joint being metallic with a polymer coating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7451Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool the severing tool and the welding tool being movable with respect to one-another
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72327General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of natural products or their composites, not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72324
    • B29C66/72328Paper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/849Packaging machines
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/18Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/183Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for pipe joints or seals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/16Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means
    • G01M3/18Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/186Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators
    • G01M3/187Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using electric detection means for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds; for containers, e.g. radiators for containers, e.g. radiators for flexible or elastic containers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/40Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/82Testing the joint
    • B29C65/8253Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7162Boxes, cartons, cases
    • B29L2031/7166Cartons of the fruit juice or milk type, i.e. containers of polygonal cross sections formed by folding blanks into a tubular body with end-closing or contents-supporting elements, e.g. gable type containers

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  • Package Closures (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的是提供一种能可靠地检测密封状况的密封状况检测装置。密封状况检测装置包括电变量检测部分,用于在密封状况将被检测部分(F)进行电变量检测;密封状况指示器数值计算处理装置,用于根据电变量计算指示将被检测部分(F)密封状况的密封状况指示器数值;以及密闭状况判断处理装置,用于从密封状况指示器数值判断密封状况是好的还是有缺陷。在这种情况下,根据将被检测部分(F)的电变量数值计算将被检测部分(F)的密封状况指示器数值,并且根据密封状况指示器数值判断密封状况是好的还是有缺陷。因此,不涉及操作者的主观性就能判断密封缺陷的出现。结果,能可靠地检测密封状况。

Description

密封状况检测装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种密封状况检测装置。
背景技术
传统上,在生产装有诸如牛奶或软饮料的液体食物的包装容器时,将织物状包装材料、纸板坯料状包装材料或类似材料通过使用热密封、超声密封或类似方法在预定位置进行密封,形成包装容器。例如,当使用织物状包装材料,在一台充填设备中,将织物状包装材料形成管状;使用第一密封装置将管状包装材料沿纵向密封。在充填液体食物时,使用第二密封装置,将纵向密封的管状包装材料沿横向密封,并以预定间隔切割,从而产生枕头状的原型容器。接着将原型容器形成为最终的包装容器。
同时,为了密封上述包装材料,以预定的抓持压力从相对两侧抓住包装材料,通过使用加热将包装材料表面上的树脂熔化,从而将包装材料的表面熔化在一起。但是,例如,当抓持压力太高时,熔化的树脂从密封部分挤出。结果,保留在密封部分的树脂量不足,可能造成密封缺陷的产生。出现密封缺陷将导致液体食物从包装容器中泄露,或者空气进入包装容器中,导致液体食物变质。
这样,操作者倒空所有包装容器的流体食物,将空的包装容器切开,并肉眼检查纵向密封部分或第一密封部分,以及横向密封部分或第二密封部分,以便从包装容器内部检查密封状况。
但是,检测密封状况的上述传统方法包括操作者对缺陷出现的主观判断,从而不能可靠地检测密封状况。
本发明的一个目的是解决检测密封状况的传统方法中的上述问题,并提供一种能可靠地检测密封状况的密封状况检测装置。
发明内容
为了达到上述目的,本发明的密封状况检测装置包括电变量检测部分,用于在密封状况将被检测部分进行电变量检测;密封状况指示器数值计算处理装置,用于根据电变量计算指示将被检测部分密封状况的密封状况指示器数值;以及密闭状况判断处理装置,用于从密封状况指示器数值判断密封状况是好的还是有缺陷。
在这种情况下,根据被检测部分的电变量数值计算被检测部分的密封状况指示器数值,并且根据密封状况指示器数值判断密封状况是好的还是有缺陷。
因此,不涉及操作者的主观性就能判断密封缺陷的出现。结果,能可靠地检测密封状况。
在本发明另一个密封状况检测装置中,密封状况指示器数值是将被检测部分的电容。
在本发明又一个密封状况检测装置中,密封状况指示器数值是将被检测部分的损耗系数。
在本发明再一个密封状况检测装置中,密封状况指示器数值是将被检测部分的电容和损耗系数。
在又一个本发明的密封状况检测装置中,电变量是施加在将被检测部分的电压和流过将被检测部分的电流。
在又一个本发明的密封状况检测装置中,还包括相位分离部分,用于根据流过将被检测部分的电流,检测具有与施加在将被检测部分的电压相位相同相位的同相分量、以及具有与施加在被检测部分的电压相位不同相位的异相分量。
附图简述
图1是表示在本发明一个实施例中的充填设备的主要部分的示意图;图2是根据本发明实施例的密封状况检测装置的示意图;图3是表示根据本发明实施例的、检测密封状况的方法的原理的示意图;图4是根据本发明实施例的、密封状况检测装置的框图;以及图5是表示根据本发明的、密封状况检测装置运行的波形图。
具体实施方式
下面参考附图详细描述本发明的实施例。在描述本发明的同时,将提及用于检测砖状包装容器密封状况的密封状况检测装置。但是,本发明可以用于检测其它类型包装容器的密封状况的密封状况检测装置。
图1是表示根据本发明实施例的、充填设备的主要部分的示意图。
由未图示的包装材料生产设备生产的织物状包装材料被置于未图示的充填设备的输送单元上,通过输送单元输送,并利用供料机使其经过充填设备。
在包装材料运动的同时,在包装材料中冲出未图示的孔,并且将未图示的内带和未图示的拉片贴在包装材料上,使其覆盖冲出的孔。随后,使包装材料垂直运动。在被沿运动方向布置的未图示的多个成形环导向时,垂直运动的包装材料形成管状。管状的包装材料通过未图示的第一密封装置沿纵向密封,从而形成包装材料管11。
随后,借助未图示的充填管将液体食物从上方装入包装材料管11中。接着,构成第二密封装置的第一和第二密封钳装置44和45从相对两侧抓住密封材料管11。包装材料管11以预定的纵向间隔被沿横向密封,并通过成形片46和47引起的变形成形为枕头状原型容器18。
每个第一和第二密封钳装置44和45具有切割钳51和热密封钳52。在这种情况下,虽然包装材料管11以间断的方式向下输送,但相同结构的第一和第二密封钳装置44和45交替地工作,使它们的工作循环彼此偏移半个循环,从而增强充填设备的处理速度。
切割钳51在前端(图1中的右手端)具有截盘53,热密封钳52在前端(图1中的左手端)具有密封块(感应器绝缘体)54,密封块54具有两个感应器55。切割钳51和热密封钳52向前运动时,将通过截盘53和密封块54从相反两侧抓住包装材料管11,从而使包装材料管11的相对表面彼此接触。这样抓住的包装材料管11在抓持部分经过横向密封,从而形成包括两条密封线的第二密封部分S。
横向延伸的平切割刀56设置在切割钳51的中心,使切割刀56能前进和后退(能在图1中向右和向左运动)。当切割刀56前进(在图1中向右运动)时,切割刀56在两条密封线之间的中间位置切割第二密封部分S。
在切割刀56的后端(图1中左手端)具有缸体57,通过向缸体57提供压缩空气或类似的物质并从缸体57中将其放出,使切割刀56前进和后退。一对成形片46和47分别枢转地装在切割钳51和热密封钳52上,使其包围和引导包装材料管11,并适于在引导包装材料管11时将包装材料管11成形为砖形。
在图1中,第一密封钳装置44处于密封切割开始位置。在密封切割开始位置,第一密封钳装置44使切割钳51和热密封钳52前进,从而从相对两侧抓住包装材料11,由此使包装材料11的相对表面彼此接触。接着,在抓住包装材料管11时,第一密封钳装置44向下运动。在向下运动期间,形成第二密封部分S,从而形成原型容器18。
在图1中,第二密封钳装置45处于密封切割结束位置。第二密封钳装置45刚到达密封切割结束位置之前,使第二密封钳装置45的切割刀56前进并切割两条密封线之间中间位置处的第二密封部分S,从而将原型容器18分离。
当在两条密封线之间的中间位置处切割第二密封部分S时,使第二密封钳装置45的切割钳51和热密封钳52后退并以旋转的方式向上运动到密封切割开始位置。在密封切割开始位置,当第二密封钳装置45开始使切割钳51和热密封钳52前进时,第一密封钳装置44的切割刀56前进并在两条密封线之间的中间位置切割第二密封部分S,从而将原型容器18分离。
注意,第一和第二密封钳装置44和45中的每一个具有未图示的缸体机构。在密封切割开始位置,向缸体机构供应压缩空气或类似物质,将切割钳51和热密封钳52拉向一起,从而增大抓持压力以便密封。
随后,将每个原型容器18沿先前形成的折叠线进行折叠,以便形成预定的形状,从而成为含有预定数量液体食物的砖形包装容器。
同时,包装材料呈现出层叠结构,例如,层叠结构包括由诸如聚乙烯的树脂形成的并作为内层的第一树脂层、作为阻挡层的铝箔层、纸基体、以及由诸如聚乙烯的树脂形成的并作为外层的第二树脂层,当包装材料成形包装容器时,这些层从内向外按照这个顺序排列。注意,不用铝箔层,由诸如聚酯的树脂形成的树脂层可以用作阻挡层。参考数字38表示引导包装材料管11的引导辊。
为了密封包装材料,利用切割钳51和热密封钳52从相对两侧以预定的抓持压力抓住包装材料,并将包装材料暴露在热或超声振动下,从而通过熔化第一和第二树脂层将包装材料的表面熔化在一起。但是,例如,当抓持压力太高时,熔化的树脂从第二密封部分S挤出。结果,保留在第二密封部分S的树脂数量变得不足,可能导致密封缺陷的出现。密封缺陷的出现将导致液体食物从包装容器中泄露,或者空气进入包装容器中,使液体食物变质。
这样,操作者倒空整个包装容器的液体食物,将空的包装容器切开,并从包装容器的内部检查第一密封部分、第二密封部分S以及类似部分的密封状况。但是,肉眼检查密封状况引入操作者对缺陷出现的主观判断,从而不能可靠地检查密封状况。
下面将描述一种密封状况检测装置,它能电子地检测密封部分的密封状况。注意,由于第一密封部分表现出与第二密封部分S相同的结构,因此省略关于第一密封部分的描述。
图2是根据本发明实施例的密封状况检测装置的示意图;图3是表示根据本发明实施例的、检测密封状况的方法的原理的示意图;图4是根据本发明实施例的、密封状况检测装置的框图;以及图5是表示根据本发明的、密封状况检测装置运行的波形图。
在附图中,参考符号S表示第二密封部分,参考数字17表示包装材料。包装材料17包括第一树脂层12、铝箔层13、纸基体14和第二树脂层15。当包装材料管11(图1)将要横向密封时,使切割钳51和热密封钳52前进,从而从相对两侧抓住包装材料管11,然后施加热量或超声振动。此时,第一树脂层12相互面对的部分彼此接触,并且用于形成第一树脂层12的树脂例如聚乙烯熔化,从而形成熔化部分16。
在第二密封部分S,包装材料17相互面对的两个部分通过熔化部分16层叠并接合在一起。由于第一和第二树脂层12和15以及类似的层是由介电材料形成的,因此第二密封部分S起到电容器31的功能。当阻挡层由诸如聚酯的树脂形成时,阻挡层由介电材料形成。未图示的结合层由置于铝箔层13和纸基体14之间的粘结剂形成。结合层是由介电材料形成的。
第二密封部分S作为用于检测密封状况的部分F。密封状况检测装置根据在部分F通入AC电流时测量的部分F的电容检测被检测部分F的密封状况。电容作为第一密封状况指示器值,用于指示被检测的部分F的密封状况。
为了执行上述检测,密封状况检测装置包括两个电极21和22;电源单元(AC)23,用作施加电压的产生部分,产生施加在被检测部分F上的电压;电流传感器24,用作电变量检测部分,检测被检测部分F的电变量;检测处理部分25,用于执行将电源单元23产生的读数电压以及电流传感器24检测的电流进行处理;控制部分26,包括用于控制整个密封状况检测装置的CPU;显示单元27,包括指示灯和显示器;操作部分28,用于执行各种操作;以及存储单元29,用于记录预定的数据。电流传感器24用作电流检测部分并检测流过被检测部分F的AC电流,作为上述的电变量。根据此实施例,检测处理部分25直接读出指示电源单元23产生的电压的信号,从而检测电压。但是,可以使用未图示的电压传感器作为电压检测部分,使检测处理部分25读出电压传感器检测的电压。
电极21和22是由具有预定面积的导电材料板制成的,并且放置在彼此相对的位置。当检测部分F的密封状况时,将电极21和22以预定的压力压向被检测的部分F,从而将被检测的部分F夹在它们之间。这样,电极21和22中至少一个相对于另一个能前进和后退(在图2中可垂直运动),并且是被未图示的驱动机构驱动的。电极21和22通过电源单元23和电流传感器24互相连接,并适于为被检测的部分F施加电源单元23产生的预定电压。
施加在被检测部分F上的电压是根据包装材料17的性质确定的,例如,根据第一树脂层12、铝箔层13、纸基体14和第二树脂层15的材料及厚度。当电压施加到被检测的部分F时,电源单元23和被检测的部分F形成如图3所示的等效电路。被检测部分F表示为并联电路,其中具有电容Cp的电容器31以及具有电阻Rp的内阻32是并联连接的。当电容器31和内阻32用于表示等效电路时,容器器31和内阻32以并联或串联形式连接,取决于电容器31和内阻32每个的阻抗。由于在第二密封部分S的情况下,当内阻32的阻抗相对于电容器31的阻抗非常大时,它们一般地连接成并联。
当s表示每个电极21和22的面积,d表示被检测部分F的厚度,即,加载电极之间的距离(电极21和22之间的距离),以及ε表示介电常数,上述电容Cp表示为:
Cp=εs/d
在这种情况下,被检测分F的介电常数ε根据包装材料17的性质例如第一树脂层12、铝箔层13、纸基体14和第二树脂层15的材料和厚度而变化。介电常数ε的变化导致被检测部分F的电容Cp变化。特别是,被检测部分F的介电常数ε根据介电材料形成的层例如第一和第二树脂层12和15以及纸基体14的材料和厚度较大地变化。被检测部分F的介电常数ε的大变化导致被检测部分F的电容Cp大变化。
而且,加载电极之间的距离d随第二密封部分S的密封状况而变,例如,树脂的熔化温度、切割钳51和热密封钳52施加的抓持压力。加载电极之间距离d的变化导致被检测部分F的电容Cp变化。例如,熔化温度或抓持压力越高,在第二密封部分S侧边挤出的熔化树脂越多。这样,熔化部分16的厚度相应地减小。因此,加载电极之间的距离d减小,从而被检测部分F的电容Cp相应地增大。
熔化部分16的熔化程度随密封第二密封部分S的方法,即密封方法而变化。熔化程度的变化导致被检测部分F的电容Cp的变化。至于密封第二密封部分S的方法,可以使用块密封方法和熔化密封方法。例如,当使用块密封方法时,不涉及第一树脂层12的树脂熔化。因此,熔化部分16难以形成,第一树脂层12的互相面对部分仅仅是互相粘贴。第二密封部分S处的树脂数量不减小,因此,加载电极之间的距离d仍操持不变,被检测部分F的电容Cp保持不变。
相比之下,当使用熔化密封方法时,第一树脂层12的树脂熔化,从而通过熔化将包装材料17相互面对部分结合在一起。在这种情况下,第二密封部分S的树脂量减小,从而加载电极之间的距离d减小,被检测部分F的电容Cp相应地增大。
并且,在通过第二密封装置密封第二密封部分S时,电极21和22接触面积根据密封结构而变,例如由密封线长度表示的密封长度和由密封线宽度表示的密封宽度。电极21和22的接触面积变化导致电极21和22的面积S显明变化,从而被检测部分F的电容Cp相应地变化。
如上所述,被检测部分F的电容Cp取决于包装材料17的性质、密封装置的密封条件、密封方法、密封装置的结构等等。因此,电容Cp可以用作密封状况的指示器,用于判断密封状况是好还是有缺陷。
因此,根据包装材料17的性质、密封装置的密封条件、密封方法、密封装置的结构等等设定电源单元23产生的电压Vs。
在图3所示的等效电路中,当Icp和Irp分别代表流过电容器31和内阻32的电流时,在电源单元23向被检测部分F提供频率f的电压Vs时,电容器31的阻抗Zc表示为:
              Zc=1/(2π·f·Cp)                         (1)
因此,电流Icp表示为
              Icp=Vs/Zc
              =2π·f·Cp·Vs                           (2)
接着,电容Cp表示为
              Cp=Icp/(2π·f·Vs)                       (3)
注意,电压Vs作为施加的电压;电流Icp作为第一检测部分电流;以及电流Irp作为第二检测部分电流。
损耗系数D,用作指示被检测部分F密封状况的第二密封状况指示器数值,可以表示为:
               D=1/(2π·f·Cp·Rp)                     (4)
因此,内阻32的电阻Rp表示为
               Rp=1/(2π·f·Cp·D)                     (5)
流过内阻32的电流Irp表示为
               Irp=Vs/Rp                                (6)
将式(5)代入式(6),得到
               Irp=(2π·f·Cp·D)·Vs                  (7)
将式(3)代入式(7),得到
Irp=Icp·D
因此,损耗系数D表示为
               D=Irp/Icp                               (8)
即,损耗系数D可以表示为电流Icp与电流Irp之比,因此可以用作密封状况的指示器,用于判断密封状况是好还是有缺陷。
流过被检测部分F的电流It表示为
               It=Icp+Irp                              (9)
由于电容Cp可以通过式(3)进行计算,损耗系数D可以由式(8)计算,因此当电压Vs和电流Icp和Irp已知时,可以计算电容Cp和损耗系数D。
在这种情况下,电容器31和内阻32等效地在在于被检测部分F,不能从被检测部分F的外部进行检测。
这样,根据电流传感器24检测的电流It,可以计算电流Icp和电流Irp。在这种情况下,如图5所示,由于电流Irp是流过内阻32的一分量,因此电流Irp与施加到被检测部分F的电压Vs具有相同的相位。由于电流Icp是流过电容器31的一分量,因此电流Icp的相位与电压Vs的相位差90°(超前90°)。因此,电流It被输送到(实际上,电流It被转换成电压Vt,再输送电压Vt)相位分离电路,将电流It分离成电流Icp和电流Irp。
这样,检测处理部分25包括A/D转换器61,用于读取电源单元23的电压Vs并对读出的电压Vs进行模—数转换;电流—电压转换器62,用于读取电流It并将读出的It转换成电压Vt;同相分量检测部分33,用于检测电压Vt中相位与电压Vs相位相同的同相分量;异相分量检测部分34,用于检测电压Vt中相位与电压Vs相位不同的异相分量;A/D转换器35,用于读取同相分量检测部分33检测到的同相分量并将读出的同相分量进行模—数转换;以及A/D转换器36,用于读取异相分量检测部分34检测的异相分量并将读出的异相分量模—数转换。注意,同相分量检测部分33和异相分量检测部分34构成相位分离电路,用作相位分离部分。
这样,可从A/D转换器61输出数字信号形式的电压Vs;可从A/D转换器35输出数字信号形式的电流Irp;以及可从A/D转换器36输出数字信号形式的电流Icp。将输出的电压Vs和电流Icp和Irp输送到控制部分26。注意,A/D转换器61用作施加电压的检测部分;异相检测部分34和A/D转换器36构成第一被检测部分的电流检测部分;以及同相检测部分33和A/D转换器35构成第二被检测部分的电流检测部分。
控制部分26读取电源单元23、电压Vs、和电流Icp和Irp中设定的频率f。随后,控制部分26的未图示的电容计算处理装置执行电容计算过程,其中通过式(3)计算电容Cp。控制部分26的未图示的损耗系数计算处理装置执行损耗系数计算过程,其中通过式(8)计算损耗系数D。注意,电容计算处理装置和损耗系数计算处理装置构成密封状况指示值计算处理装置。密封状况指示值计算处理装置执行密封状况指示值计算过程,其中计算电容Cp和损耗系数D。
存储单元29以表的形式存储基准电容Cpref和基准损耗系数Dref,它们是根据包装材料17的性能、密封装置的密封条件和方法以及密封装置的结构事先计算的,使基准电容Cpref和基准损耗系数Dref提供给不同类型包装材料17、密封条件、密封方法和密封状况的每种组合。
控制部分26的未图示的第一密封状况判断处理装置执行第一密封状况判断过程,其中第一密封状况判断处理装置参考上述表,对比基准电容Cpref与电容计算处理装置计算的电容Cp,并判断如下计算的差值ΔCp是否等于或小于一个阈值Cpth
ΔCp=|Cp-Cpref|
当差值ΔCp等于或小于阈值Cpth时,第一密封状况判断处理装置判断密封状况是好的。当差值ΔCp大于阈值Cpth时,第一密封状况判断处理装置判断密封状况是有缺陷的。以这种方式,第一密封状况判断处理装置能判断密封状况是好的还是有缺陷的。
控制部分26的未图示的第二密封状况判断处理装置执行第二密封状况判断过程,其中第二密封状况判断处理装置参考上述表,对比基准损耗系数Dref与损耗系数计算处理装置计算的损耗系数D,并判断如下计算的差值ΔD是否等于或小于一个阈值Dth
ΔD=|D-Dref|
当差值ΔD等于或小于阈值Dth时,第二密封状况判断处理装置判断密封状况是好的。当差值ΔD大于阈值Dth时,第二密封状况判断处理装置判断密封状况是有缺陷的。以这种方式,第二密封状况判断处理装置能判断密封状况是好的还是有缺陷的。
如上所述,根据对被检测部分F施加电压Vs时流过被检测部分F的电流It,对密封状况是好的还是有缺陷的做出判断。因此,能不引入操作者的主观性判断密封缺陷的出现,由此可靠地检测密封状况。
在本发明实施例中,在第一密封状况判断处理和第二密封状况判断处理的每一个中,对密封状况是好的还是有缺陷的进行判断。但是,可以根据第一密封状况判断处理和第二密封状况判断处理的处理结果,对密封状况是好的还是有缺陷的进行判断。
本发明不限于上述实施例。在本发明的精神范围内可以对本发明做出很多修改和变化,而这些并不排出在本发明的范围之外。
工业适用性
本发明可以应用于密封状况检测装置,用于检测包装容器的密封状况。

Claims (6)

1.一种密封状况检测装置,包括:
(a)电变量检测部分,用于在密封状况将被检测部分进行电变量检测;
(b)密封状况指示器数值计算处理装置,用于根据电变量计算指示将被检测部分密封状况的密封状况指示器数值;以及
(c)密闭状况判断处理装置,用于从密封状况指示器数值判断密封状况是好的还是有缺陷。
2.如权利要求1所述的密封状况检测装置,其特征在于,密封状况指示器数值是将被检测部分的电容。
3.如权利要求1所述的密封状况检测装置,其特征在于,密封状况指示器数值是将被检测部分的损耗系数。
4.如权利要求1所述的密封状况检测装置,其特征在于,密封状况指示器数值是将被检测部分的电容和损耗系数。
5.如权利要求1到4中任一项所述的密封状况检测装置,其特征在于,电变量是施加在将被检测部分的电压和流过将被检测部分的电流。
6.如权利要求5所述的密封状况检测装置,其特征在于,还包括相位分离部分,用于根据流过将被检测部分的电流检测具有与施加到将被检测部分的电压相位相同相位的同相分量、以及具有与施加到将被检测部分的电压相位不同相位的异相分量。
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