CN1599652A - 具有增强耐磨性的铸型部件 - Google Patents

具有增强耐磨性的铸型部件 Download PDF

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CN1599652A
CN1599652A CNA028243382A CN02824338A CN1599652A CN 1599652 A CN1599652 A CN 1599652A CN A028243382 A CNA028243382 A CN A028243382A CN 02824338 A CN02824338 A CN 02824338A CN 1599652 A CN1599652 A CN 1599652A
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克劳德·蓬森
弗朗西斯科·维斯瑟拉
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种铸型磨损部件,通过至少一种类型的金属碳化物和/或金属氮化物和/或金属氧化物和/或金属硼化物,以及金属间化合物,以下称为组分,增强其结构。本发明的特征在于在铸型之前,已经将作为所述组分的反应物的原料以插件或预成型(3)形式,或以淤浆(4)形式加入铸模,且所述粉末的反应由将金属铸型,就地形成多孔聚结物而就地引发,并且所述金属渗入多孔聚结物,由此形成增强结构,以实现将所述组分包入用于铸型的金属的结构中,并因此在磨损部件(2)中产生增强结构。

Description

具有增强耐磨性的铸型部件
发明的领域
本发明涉及通过在加强区域中改善抗磨性同时保持可接受的抗冲击性而制备具有增强抗磨性的铸型部件。
本发明基于的现有技术
对于用于开采和粉碎矿石,尤其是压碎和研碎材料的设备有很多性能和成本上的限制。
例如,在处理水泥和矿物的聚集体的领域中可以引用的磨损部件例子是,诸如带有立轴的研磨机的推顶器和锤砧、带有水平轴的研磨机的锤和破碎器、用于轧碎机的圆锥、用于立式轧碎机的放料盘和轧辊、用于球磨机或棒磨机的铠装板和升降器。对于采矿设备,其中可以提及的是用于沥青砂的泵或钻孔机、用于采矿坑的泵以及挖泥齿。
这些机械耐磨部件的供应商面临着对于耐磨部件的增长的需要,所述耐磨部件应当同时符合抗冲击和抗磨损的限制。
传统材料通常符合一种或其它的这类要求,但很少同时具有抗冲击性和抗磨性。实际上,延性材料具有增强的抗冲击性,但具有的抗磨性很差。另一方面,硬质抗磨材料对于猛烈冲击的耐受性非常差。
以前,这一问题最初仅仅反映在冶金方法中,其中带有锰的钢非常抗冲击,但只能达到650-700Hv(维克斯硬度)级的中等强度水平。
还提出了其它方案,诸如带有铬的铸件。在适合的热处理之后,其能够达到700-850Hv级的硬度水平。这些值使得合金含有的碳化物百分比高达35%。
目前,双金属铸件也已被使用,但它们具有的缺点是局限于形状简单的部件,极大降低了其用于工业应用的机会。
磨损部件通常被视为消耗品,这意味着除了纯技术上的制约之外,还存在经济上的制约:限制了平均成本为US$4/kg的解决方案。一般估计这一价格水平是传统耐磨部件的2倍高,这是顾客经济承受度的临界点。
根据现有技术描述解决方案
获得耐磨和抗冲击的磨损部件已经成为各类研究的目的。
在本文中,一方面自然地涉及基于陶瓷的复合材料部件,并且在该领域,申请人已经在文献WO99/47264中公开了一种非常抗磨损和冲击的基于铁和陶瓷的合金。
在文献WO98/15373中,申请人提供了在铸型之前插入铸模,在铸型过程中被金属渗入的多孔陶瓷晶片。而该发明申请局限于横截面坚固的部件以及在铸型中具有高流动性的合金。此外,这些陶瓷晶片的位置与其说适应了部件用途的实际需要,不如说是适应了被铸型金属渗入的需要。
基于不同的目的,Merzhanov在文献WO/9007013中公开了一种通过在真空下将原料——放热的粉末混合物冷压缩,随后开始烧结混合物而得到的耐火多孔材料。此处涉及链反应。根据该方法,得到非常硬但没有任何抗冲击性的材料。这本质上是因为产品的高孔隙率。
此外,在文献WO/9011154中,同一发明人提出了一种类似的方法,此时,在已经反应后,将粉末混合物加压至1000bar高。该发明制得了非常抗磨但抗冲击性不足的层制品。此处的目的全部在于制备在该意义上非常渴求的耐磨工具的表面。
一般而言,使用诸如钛、硼、钨、铝、镍、钼、硅、碳等的非常纯的粉末在反应后产生非常多孔的片,其孔隙率接近50%。因此,需要在反应后进行加压(包括压榨),并因此增加密度,这对于工业用途是必不可少的。
而所述方法的实施复杂性、反应的控制以及原料的成本极大限制了将这些技术引入工业生产。
德国专利申请1979777-Lehmann公开了一种高度耐磨的铸型部件的生产方法。在该方法中,碳化物粉末与可燃粘合剂和/或低熔点的金属粉末混合。在铸型过程中,粘合剂的位置被铸型金属代替,所述铸型金属随即包围了碳化物颗粒。在该方法中没有化学链反应,高度耐磨的颗粒从开始就完全存在于铸模中。
许多文献公开了用于包围硬颗粒的方法,尤其是US-P-5052464和US-P-6033791-Smith,这些方法是基于在铸型前存在的硬颗粒渗入陶瓷颗粒之间的孔。
本发明通过制备具有原始结构并且是通过原始和简单的方法制得的磨损部件(并因此是廉价的)避免了现有技术的缺陷。
发明的目的
本发明的目的在于以经济上可接受的价格提供即抗磨又抗冲击的磨损部件,及其制备方法,尤其在于解决现有技术方法涉及的问题。
发明的概述
本发明涉及一种铸造厂生产的磨损部件,通过至少一种类型的金属碳化物和/或金属氮化物和/或金属氧化物和/或金属硼化物,以及金属间化合物,以下称为组分,增强其结构,其特征在于在铸型之前,已经将作为所述组分的反应物的原料以插件或预成型压榨粉末形式,或以巴氏合金(barbitone)形式加入铸模,其中所述粉末的反应由将金属铸型,就地形成多孔聚结物(conglomerate)而就地引发,并且其中所述金属渗入多孔聚结物,由此形成增强结构,以实现将所述聚结物引入用于铸型铸件的金属结构中,并因此在磨损部件中产生增强结构。
本发明的一个关键方面显示出,就地产生并被熔化金属渗入的多孔聚结物具有超过1000Hv20的维克斯硬度。因此,得到的磨损部件提供的抗冲击性高于几乎纯的陶瓷,并至少等于
根据本发明的一个特征,原料,即所述组分的反应物之间的就地反应是链反应,并且通过形成同时被熔化金属渗入而不明显改变增强结构的非常多孔的聚结物,由熔化金属的热量而引发。
根据本发明一个特别优选的实施方案,原料之间的反应在大气压下进行,无需任何特殊的保护性气氛并且在反应之后无需压缩。
用于制备组分的原料属于亚铁合金,优选钛铁合金、铬铁合金、铌铁合金、钨铁合金、钼铁合金、硼铁合金、硅铁合金、锆铁合金或钒铁合金,或属于氧化物,优选TiO2、FeO、Fe2O3、SiO2、ZrO2、CrO3、Cr2O3、B2O3、MoO3、V2O5、CuO、MgO和NiO,甚至是金属及其合金,优选铁、镍、钛或铝,以及碳、硼或氮化物。
附图的简述
图1显示了在铸模1中铸型部件2上延伸的巴氏合金3,所述部件被增强。
图2显示了铸模1中待铸型部件2中的增强插件3形式的本发明。
图3、4和5显示了在本发明中,用陶瓷增强的带有铬(图3)、纯陶瓷(图4)和合金(图5)的铸件的硬压缩。
图6显示了在铁基基质中,由FeTi和碳的就地反应制备TiC而得到的铁合金中的TiC粉末颗粒。TiC颗粒的尺寸是几微米的数量级。
发明的详述
本发明提供了通过在铸型前置于铸模中,用含有能够在铸型热量单独作用下就地反应的粉末的材料增强其磨损表面的铸型部件。
为此,使用压榨粉末形式的反应物,并将其以所需形状的晶片或插件3形式,或者以覆盖铸模1的涂层4的形式置于铸模中,部件2在所述铸模中被增强。
能够就地反应的材料产生了碳化物、硼化物、氧化物、氮化物或金属间化合物的硬质化合物。一旦形成,它们与任何可能已经存在于铸型合金中的碳化物结合,进一步增强了硬度Hv>1300的硬质颗粒的比例,有助于耐磨性。后者在约1500℃下被熔化的金属渗入,并且导致耐磨颗粒掺入用于铸型的金属中(图6)。
此外,与现有技术的方法相比,无需使用纯金属粉末以就地得到该反应。优选提供的本方法可以使用廉价的亚铁合金或氧化物,以得到嵌入基质中的非常硬的颗粒,所述基质是通过将需要增强耐磨性之处的金属铸型而形成的。
本发明不仅不需要将具有增强结构的区域后续压榨,即压缩,而且在所述区域中产生的多孔性使熔化的金属在高温下渗入孔隙,因而由此获益(图6)。
本方法不需要特殊的保护性气氛,并且在大气压下采用由铸型提供的热量而进行,这对方法的成本明显具有积极的结果。由此获得了在同时具有抗冲击和抗磨性上具有非常有利特征的结构。
因此,通过嵌入增强表面的颗粒而达到的硬度值在1300-3000Hv的范围内。在用铸型金属渗入后,得到的化合物具有高于1000Hv20的硬度,同时保留的抗冲击性高于
Figure A0282433800081
通过针入度测量抗冲击性,这是指在校准负载下使用锥形金刚石冲孔工具制出凹痕。负载的结果是,材料弯曲,并且在凹痕的转角处出现开裂。测量开裂的长度以评价抗冲击性(图1、2和3)。
用于制备组分的原料属于亚铁合金,优选钛铁合金、铬铁合金、铌铁合金、钨铁合金、钼铁合金、硼铁合金、硅铁合金、锆铁合金或钒铁合金,或属于氧化物,优选TiO2、FeO、Fe2O3、SiO2、ZrO2、CrO3、Cr2O3、B2O3、MoO3、V2O5、CuO、MgO和NiO,或者属于金属及其合金,优选铁、镍、钛或铝,以及碳、硼或氮化物。
例如,用于本发明的反应通常是以下类型:
这些反应也可以结合合并。
还可以通过加入不参与反应的不同的金属、合金或颗粒控制反应速度。所述加入还可以根据需要,有利地用于就地形成的组合物的抗冲击性或其它性能的改性。如以下阐述性反应所示:
优选实施方案的描述
本发明的第一优选实施方案在于通过简单的冷压而压榨所选择的反应性粉末。这是在带有所需形状的插件或预制模型3的压模中进行的,可以存在粘合剂,为了铸型部件2的增强。随后将该插件或预制模型置于铸模1的所需位置。
选择颗粒尺寸分布为D50介于1-1000微米,优选小于100μ的粉末。实际实验已经表明,这种颗粒尺寸分布是原料处理、待渗入多孔产物的能力以及控制反应的理想折中方案。
在铸型过程中,热金属引发了预制模型或插件向带有硬质颗粒的多孔结构的聚结物转化的反应。仍然在高温下,该聚结物本身渗入并嵌入制造部件的铸型金属中。根据所选用于制造部件的合金的铸型温度,该步骤在1400-1700℃下进行。
第二优选实施方案是使用含各种反应物的巴氏合金(糊浆)涂覆铸模1的某些区域或其中心。根据所需厚度,可以施加一层或多层。随后在倾入铸模1之前将这些不同的层干燥。该熔化的金属还起到引发反应,产生多孔层的作用,所述多孔层在其反应之后立即被渗入,形成了特别抗冲击和抗磨的结构。

Claims (11)

1.具有增强结构的铸造厂生产的磨损部件,具有至少一种金属碳化物和/或金属氮化物和/或硼化物和/或金属氧化物和/或金属间化合物(以下称为组分),其特征在于
在铸型之前,已经将作为所述组分的反应物的原料以插件或预成型压榨粉末(3)形式,或以巴氏合金(4)形式加入铸模(1),其中所述粉末的反应由将金属铸型,就地形成多孔聚结物而就地引发,并且其中所述金属渗入多孔聚结物,由此形成增强结构,以实现将所述聚结物引入用于铸型铸件的金属结构中,并因此在磨损部件(2)中产生增强结构。
2.权利要求1的磨损部件,其特征在于所述多孔聚结物是就地产生的,并且被铸型金属渗入,其中所制得的颗粒具有1300-3000Hv之间的维克斯硬度,并且其中所述聚结物赋予所述复合增强结构超过的抗冲击性。
3.制备具有被至少一种选自金属碳化物和/或金属氮化物和/或硼化物和/或金属氧化物和/或金属间化合物(以下称为组分)增强的结构的磨损部件,其中所述组分是通过就地反应,由作为所述组分的反应物的原料而形成的,所述反应物在铸型之前,首先以压榨粉末(3)的插件或预制模型的形式,或者以巴氏合金(4)的形式放入铸模(1),其中所述粉末的反应的特征在于所述组分的原料之间的就地反应是通过熔化的金属的热量引发并持续的。
4.权利要求3的用于制备磨损部件的方法,其特征在于原料之间的反应形成非常多孔的聚结物,所述聚结物能够同时被铸型金属渗入而增强结构没有任何特别的改变。
5.权利要求3或4的用于制备磨损部件的方法,其特征在于原料之间的反应在大气压下进行,在粉末的反应之后,所述方法无需任何压榨步骤。
6.权利要求3-5任一项的用于制备磨损部件的方法,其特征在于原料之间的反应不需要任何保护性气氛。
7.权利要求3-6任一项的用于制备磨损部件的方法,其特征在于所述原料属于亚铁合金,优选钛铁合金、铬铁合金、铌铁合金、钨铁合金、钼铁合金、硼铁合金、硅铁合金、锆铁合金或钒铁合金。
8.权利要求3-6任一项的用于制备磨损部件的方法,其特征在于所述原料属于氧化物,优选TiO2、FeO、Fe2O3、SiO2、ZrO2、CrO3、Cr2O3、B2O3、MoO3、V2O5、CuO、MgO或NiO。
9.权利要求3-6任一项的用于制备磨损部件的方法,其特征在于所述原料属于金属及其合金,优选铁、镍、钛或铝。
10.权利要求3-6任一项的用于制备磨损部件的方法,其特征在于所述原料包括碳、硼或氮化物。
11.根据上述权利要求任一项制备的磨损部件用于需要抗磨损和抗冲击领域的用途。
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PT1450973E (pt) 2006-07-31
JP2005511310A (ja) 2005-04-28
BR0215127A (pt) 2004-11-03
HU226782B1 (en) 2009-10-28
AU2002340644B2 (en) 2007-07-12
US7935431B2 (en) 2011-05-03
DK1450973T3 (da) 2006-07-10
WO2003047791A1 (fr) 2003-06-12
PL370794A1 (en) 2005-05-30
AU2002340644A1 (en) 2003-06-17
US20060118265A1 (en) 2006-06-08
DE60210660T2 (de) 2007-02-22
CA2468352C (en) 2010-06-15
US7513295B2 (en) 2009-04-07
ZA200404263B (en) 2005-02-23
US20050072545A1 (en) 2005-04-07
CN1275723C (zh) 2006-09-20
ATE322950T1 (de) 2006-04-15
EP1450973B1 (fr) 2006-04-12
DE60210660D1 (de) 2006-05-24
EP1450973A1 (fr) 2004-09-01
KR20050032521A (ko) 2005-04-07
MXPA04005502A (es) 2005-04-19
US20070090169A1 (en) 2007-04-26
CA2468352A1 (en) 2003-06-12
JP4222944B2 (ja) 2009-02-12
KR100860249B1 (ko) 2008-09-25
BR0215127B1 (pt) 2011-12-13

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