CN1542071A - 形成多孔膜的组合物,多孔膜和其制备方法,层间绝缘膜和半导体器件 - Google Patents
形成多孔膜的组合物,多孔膜和其制备方法,层间绝缘膜和半导体器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1542071A CN1542071A CNA2004100313869A CN200410031386A CN1542071A CN 1542071 A CN1542071 A CN 1542071A CN A2004100313869 A CNA2004100313869 A CN A2004100313869A CN 200410031386 A CN200410031386 A CN 200410031386A CN 1542071 A CN1542071 A CN 1542071A
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- porous film
- film
- silicate
- forming
- composition
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 silicate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000005615 azonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- APSPVJKFJYTCTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylazanium;silicate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] APSPVJKFJYTCTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LVKBPJLWWSNXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CO[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C Chemical compound CO[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C.C[N+](C)(C)C LVKBPJLWWSNXSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 abstract description 141
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 45
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 11
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCO[Si](OCCCC)(OCCCC)OCCCC UQMOLLPKNHFRAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropyl silicate Chemical compound CCCO[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC ZQZCOBSUOFHDEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-propoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCOCCCO LDMRLRNXHLPZJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 6
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapentyl silicate Chemical compound CCCCCO[Si](OCCCCC)(OCCCCC)OCCCCC KCTGOQZIKPDZNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011240 wet gel Substances 0.000 description 5
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxohexane Chemical compound CCCCC(C)=O QQZOPKMRPOGIEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Rb+] CPRMKOQKXYSDML-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- XYRAEZLPSATLHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium methoxy(trioxido)silane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].CO[Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] XYRAEZLPSATLHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl sulfide Chemical compound CSC QMMFVYPAHWMCMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003729 cation exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-hexanedione Chemical compound CC(=O)CCC(C)=O OJVAMHKKJGICOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-1-(2-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound NCC(O)C1=CC=CC=C1F MFGOFGRYDNHJTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- APUCSWGVPLTRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl(tripropoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C[Si](OCCC)(OCCC)OCCC APUCSWGVPLTRLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacetoacetic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(C)=O WRQNANDWMGAFTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylformamide Chemical compound CNC=O ATHHXGZTWNVVOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetone alcohol Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)O SWXVUIWOUIDPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl sulfide Chemical compound CCSCC LJSQFQKUNVCTIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Natural products COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02112—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer
- H01L21/02123—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon
- H01L21/02126—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates characterised by the material of the layer the material containing silicon the material containing Si, O, and at least one of H, N, C, F, or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02107—Forming insulating materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02109—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates
- H01L21/02203—Forming insulating materials on a substrate characterised by the type of layer, e.g. type of material, porous/non-porous, pre-cursors, mixtures or laminates the layer being porous
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
根据本发明,用半导体工艺中常用的方法,很容易制备任意控制膜厚的薄膜。本发明提供了形成多孔膜的涂覆液,该多孔膜具有优良的介电常数及机械特性。具体地,形成多孔膜的涂覆液是含有缩合物及有机溶剂的多孔膜组合物,所述的缩合物是从至少一种选自用通式(X2O)i(SiO2)j(H2O)k表示的硅酸盐化合物和用通式(X2O)a(RSiO1.5)b(H2O)c表示的有机硅酸盐化合物在酸存在下缩合得到的。由此可制造用于半导体制造工艺的,具有足够机械强度和介电常数的多孔绝缘膜。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及制备介电性能、粘性、涂膜的均匀性和机械强度良好和吸湿性低的多孔膜的成膜组合物;多孔膜的制备方法;以及其中含有该多孔膜的半导体器件
背景技术
在半导体集成电路的制备中,伴随着电路的高集成化,由于作为金属布线间的寄生电容的布线间电容的增加,会导致布线延迟时间的增加,从而妨碍半导体电路性能的提高。布线延迟时间又称为RC延迟,与金属布线的电阻和布线间的静电电容之积成正比。为了减少布线延迟时间,需要减少金属布线的电阻或布线间的电容。
通过减少布线金属的电阻或布线间的电容,在半导体器件高集成化时也不会引起布线的延迟,所以,半导体器件的尺寸可以缩小,和高性能化。进而,减少消耗功率。
近年来,为了减少金属布线的电阻,相对于常用的铝布线,更多的采用以金属銅作为布线使用的器件构造。但是,使用这种结构性能的提高是有限度的,因此,减少布线间的电容量,是进一步提高半导体性能依然急需解决的问题。
减少布线间电容的一种方法一般是减少在金属布线间形成层间绝缘膜的介电常数。作为这种低介电常数的绝缘膜,正在研究用多孔膜代替通常所使用的二氧化硅膜。可以说多孔膜是仅有的作为介电常数2.0或2.0以下的实用材料。因此,提出了各种多孔膜的形成方法。
制备多孔膜的第一种方法如下:合成含有热不稳定的有机成分的硅氧烷聚合物的前体溶液后,将前体溶液涂覆在基片上,形成涂覆膜,而后,进行热处理,通过使有机成分分解挥发,在成分挥发后在膜上形成许多微孔。
制备多孔膜的第二种已知的方法如下:在基片上涂覆二氧化硅溶胶或者用CVD法进行,形成湿凝胶后,通过控制溶剂从该湿凝胶蒸发的速度,一边控制体积收缩一边进行湿凝胶的缩合反应,形成多孔膜。
制备多孔膜的第三种已知的方法,是将二氧化硅微粒溶液涂覆在基片,形成涂覆膜后,然后通过烧结该涂层膜在二氧化硅微粒之间形成很多微细孔。
作为第四种方法,日本专利公开号2000-44875提出了形成多孔膜的组合物,其特征在于该组合物含有下述化合物:(A)以(R’)nSi(OR”)4-n表示的组分(其中R’和R”是一价的有机基团,n是0-2的整数);(B)金属螯合物化合物;和(C)具有聚氧化烯结构的化合物。
但是这些方法各自具有如下的重要缺陷。
在第一种形成多孔膜的方法中,合成硅氧烷聚合物前体溶液增加了成本。此外,通过涂覆该前体溶液形成涂层膜提高了在涂层膜上遗留的硅烷醇基团的数量,在后面进行的热处理过程中,这可能会引起水蒸发等的脱气现象以及由于多孔膜吸收湿引起的膜质的劣化等。
在第二种形成多孔膜的方法中,控制溶剂由湿凝胶中蒸发的速度需要特殊类型的涂覆设备,因此而增加了成本。而且,微孔的表面残留了大量硅烷醇基,由于吸湿性很高必须进行硅烷化,因此而降低了膜的质量。所述的硅烷化也使工艺更复杂。在通过CVD形成湿凝胶的情况下,必须使用不同于半导体加工中通常所使用的等离子体CVD设备的特殊类型的CVD设备,因此而提高了成本。
在形成多孔膜的第三种方法中,在二氧化硅微粒之间形成的微孔的直径是通过以几何学形式聚集的二氧化硅微粒的聚集结构所测定的,由于该直径是很大的,使得多孔膜的介电常数难以达到2或更低。
在第四种方法的情况下,在组分(A)、(B)和(C)之中,金属螯合物化合物(B)实质上是为了增加组分(A)和(C)的相容性,并使硬化之后的涂层膜厚度更均一的必须成分。但是,这种方法是不优选的,因为其制造过程复杂和成本高。因此,需要开发能使其形成均匀溶液并且在硬化厚涂层膜是平的,但又不含有螯合物组分的材料。
与常规形成多孔膜的方法比较,发现了将表面活性剂形成的微胞作成模板,缩合硅铝酸盐和二氧化硅等,形成结构后,通过预烧结或者溶剂萃取除去表面活性剂成分,可以形成具有中孔(mesopore)(直径2-50nm的微孔)大小的通道结构的多孔体。例如,稻桓等人发表了将表面活性剂作成模板,在水中与聚硅酸盐进行反应的方法(J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun.,p680,1993)。另外,在特开平9-194298号公报中公开了将表面活性剂作成模板后,在水中,酸性条件下与四烷氧基硅烷进行反应后,涂覆在基片上,形成具有1~2nm的细孔径的二氧化硅多孔体薄膜的方法。
可是这些方法中存在以下的问题,虽然第一个方法可以容易地形成粉末状的多孔体,但是不能用于半导体器件制造的基片上作为薄膜形成多孔体膜。第二个方法虽然可以形成薄膜状的多孔体,但是微孔的排列方向不能控制,而且,不能在很大的面积上形成均匀的薄膜。
在特开2001-130911号公报中公开了将硅烷基氧化物的加酸水解缩合物和表面活性剂的混合物调节在pH3或pH3以下,使其稳定化后形成二氧化硅中多孔体薄膜的方法。
可是,即使在这样的情况下,由于溶质浓度的限制,所以要想控制涂覆薄膜的厚度是困难的,应用于实际的半导体制造工艺也是困难的。另外。用水稀释该溶液时,虽然可以控制涂覆膜的厚度,但是二氧化硅成分缩聚的速度变大,将失去涂覆液的稳定性。
另一方面,在特开2001-115029号公报和特开2001-203197号公报中公开了通过将硅烷化合物的分解和缩合可以得到介电特性优良的涂覆液。可是在实际的半导体器件制造工艺中,需要5Gpa或5Gpa以上的弹性模数,但是在这些发明中可以说是没有充分的机械强度。
如以上所述,以往的材料在热处理工序中存在产生膜质劣化、成本高的问题。另外,还有形成多孔膜时涂覆性能差的问题。进而,将常用的多孔膜作为半导体器件的多层布线的绝缘膜使用时,它不能得到半导体器件制造中必要的机械强度。
因此,半导体器件的多层布线中作为绝缘膜使用的多孔膜的介电常数大时,则带来半导体器件的多层布线中RC延迟增大,不能提高半导体器件的性能(高速、低功耗)。另外,多孔膜的机械强度低时也破坏了半导体器件的可靠性。
发明概述
鉴于以上的问题,本发明的目的在于提供形成多孔膜用的涂覆液,该多孔膜的机械强度及介电特性优良。用通常的半导体加工方法,该涂覆液很容易制备任意控制膜厚的薄膜。本发明的另一目的是提供其中含有所述多孔膜的高性能和高可靠性的半导体器件。
本发明人为了开发形成上述多孔膜用的涂覆液,进行了锐意的研究,其结果发现,将特定的硅酸盐化合物在酸的存在下通过缩合可以得到具有适合半导体制造工艺的机械强度及介电特性的多孔膜用组合物以及它的制造方法,从而完成了本发明。
迄今为止,在制造低介电常数绝缘膜的领域中,几乎都是提供以烷氧基硅烷化合物或者卤化硅烷化合物作为原料,以酸或者碱作为催化剂水解缩合后制造低介电常数绝缘膜的方法。
可是,用常规的硅烷化合物或卤化硅烷化合物作为原料时,在水解时产生大量的酸,使反应液中的pH值的控制非常难,只有在特定的条件下才能得到目的物,所以难以得到所需物理性能的产物。另外,以烷氧基硅烷化合物作为起始原料时,比使用卤化硅烷作原料更难控制反应。但是用烷氧基硅烷化合物作为起始原料带来以下问题。也就是已知的,水解得到硅烷醇基(式1)与硅烷醇基间的缩合(式2)、硅烷醇基和烷氧基间的缩合(式3),除此外,与未水解单体中的烷氧基也缩合(式4)。
特别是在碱性的条件下,这些反应是竞争进行的。此时,用(式4)表示的反应进行时,缩合物分子内可能进入烷氧基。即使这样的反应只是发生一点点,在分子内会残存烷氧基,因此造成硅氧烷键在三维网络上产生缺陷。这样来自烷氧基的缺陷,所述的烷氧基与硅醇基可进行热反应形成(式3)中的硅氧烷键,可以提高目的物的涂膜强度,但是在烷氧基附近不存在硅烷醇基时不能形成硅氧烷键(式5),则使涂膜的强度下降。这时,以烷氧基硅烷化合物作为原料的低介电常数的绝缘膜难以得到优良的物性。
因此,本发明的发现既不使用卤化硅烷化合物也不使用烷氧基硅烷化合物,通过使用加入了硅酸盐化合物和/或有机硅酸盐化合物得到的含有缩合物的涂覆液,可以得到具有良好物性的低DCH绝缘膜,从而完成了本发明。
式6中将HY表示的酸添加到硅酸盐溶液中,
如(式6)表示的那样,硅酸盐化合物变换成硅酸,进一步加入酸使pH下降时如(式7)表示的那样进行硅酸缩合,可以得到缩合物。这种物质与以硅烷化合物为起始物质的缩合物不同,在分子内不具有烷氧基,所以可以避免(式5)所表示的那种来自烷氧基结构的缺陷,可达到使整个涂覆膜的机械强度提高的效果。
本发明提供了含有缩合物和有机溶剂的形成多孔膜的组合物,所述的缩合物是从至少一种选自用通式(1)表示的硅酸盐化合物和用通式(2)表示的有机硅酸盐化合物在酸的存在下缩合得到的。
(X2O)i(SiO2)j(H2O)k …(1)
(X2O)a(RSiO1.5)b(H2O)c …(2)
(式中,X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓,i、j和k独立地表示满足0<i≤1、0<j≤1、0<k≤2的数。R独立地表示氢原子或者有机基团、X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓,a、b和c独立地表示满足0<a≤ 1、0<b≤1、0≤c≤1.5的数)。
另外,本发明提供了多孔膜的制造方法,其包括将该形成多孔膜的组合物涂覆到基片上形成膜的涂覆工序、干燥工序、加热干燥以硬化该涂覆膜的工序。而且还提供了使用该多孔膜组合物得到的多孔膜。这些提供了适合半导体制造工序,具有优良介电特性及机械强度的层间绝缘膜。
本发明的半导体器件,其内部具有通过使用多孔膜组合物形成的多孔膜,该组合物含有缩合物及有机溶剂的多孔膜组合物,所述的缩合物是从至少一种选自用通式(1)表示的硅酸盐化合物和用通式(2)表示的有机硅酸盐化合物在酸的存在下缩合得到的。
(X2O)i(SiO2)j(H2O)k …(1)
(式中,X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓,I、j、k独立地表示满足0<i≤1、0<j≤1、0<k≤2的数)。
(X2O)a(RSiO1.5)b(H2O)c …(2)
(式中,R独立地表示氢原子或者有机基团,X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓,a、b和c独立地表示满足0<a≤1、0<b≤1、0≤c≤1.5的数)。具体地,上述多孔膜是作为半导体器件的多层布线的绝缘膜使用。
通过这样的方法,可以确保半导体器件的机械强度,由于减少了多孔膜的吸湿性,可以实现内藏低介电常数绝缘膜的半导体器件。通过绝缘膜的低介电化,可以减少在多层布线周围的寄生电容,达到半导体器件的高速动作及低的电力消耗。
本发明优选的半导体器件中,在多层布线的同一层的金属布线间的绝缘膜、或者上下金属布线层的层间绝缘膜中存在多孔膜。这样就可以实现具有高性能而且可靠性的半导体器件。
使用本发明的形成多孔膜的组合物时,可以容易地制备任意控制膜厚的多孔膜。该多孔膜具有低的介电常数,其附着性、膜的均匀性、机械强度优良。另外,通过使用本发明的组合物形成的多孔膜作为多层布线间的绝缘膜,可以实现具有高性能和高可靠性的半导体器件。
附图简要说明
图1是本发明半导体器件的实例的横断面示意图。
优选实施方案的详细描述
作为本发明中所使用的通式(1)的硅酸盐化合物,优选包括硅酸锂、硅酸钠、硅酸钾、硅酸铷、硅酸铯、硅酸四甲基铵等的硅酸盐和偏硅酸钠等,更优选的是硅酸四甲基铵。这些化合物可以通过包括石英砂、卡玻尔(Cabosil)(卡玻尔社制)等的二氧化硅、具有4个可水解基的硅烷化合物等的硅源和碱成分得到,但是并不一定限于该方法。
作为具有4个可水解基的硅烷化合物包括但不限于如四氟硅烷、四氯硅烷、四溴硅烷等的四卤硅烷,如四甲氧基硅烷、四乙氧基硅烷、四氟硅烷、四丙氧基硅烷、四丁氧基硅烷、四戊氧基硅烷等的四烷氧基硅烷。另外,作为碱成分包括但不限于如碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铷、碳酸铯等的碱金属碳酸盐;如氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铷、氢氧化铯等的碱金属氢氧化物;如氢氧化四甲基铵、氢氧化四乙基铵、胆碱、氢氧化四丙基铵、氢氧化四丁基铵等的季氮鎓氢氧化物。
所得到的硅酸盐化合物(1)的组成根据上述的硅源和上述的碱成分以及残留水分可以有各种比例。例如,硅酸钠的i=1、j=1和k=0,偏硅酸钠的i=1/9、j=1/9和k=1,硅酸四甲基铵的i=0.25、j=1和k=0.25,但本发明并不仅限于这些实例。
作为本发明中所使用的通式(2)的有机硅酸盐化合物,优选包括甲基硅酸锂、乙基硅酸锂、丙基硅酸锂、丁基硅酸锂、戊基硅酸锂、己基硅酸锂、2-乙基己基硅酸锂、乙烯基硅酸锂、苯基硅酸锂、甲基硅酸钠、乙基硅酸钠、丙基硅酸钠、丁基硅酸钠、戊基硅酸钠、己基硅酸钠、2-乙基己基硅酸钠、乙烯基硅酸钠、苯基硅酸钠、甲基硅酸钾、乙基硅酸钾、丙基硅酸钾、丁基硅酸钾、戊基硅酸钾、己基硅酸钾、2-乙基己基硅酸钾、乙烯基硅酸钾、苯基硅酸钾、甲基硅酸铷、乙基硅酸铷、丙基硅酸铷、丁基硅酸铷、戊基硅酸铷、己基硅酸铷、2-乙基己基硅酸铷、乙烯基硅酸铷、苯基硅酸铷、甲基硅酸铯、乙基硅酸铯、丙基硅酸铯、丁基硅酸铯、戊基硅酸铯、己基硅酸铯、2-乙基己基硅酸铯、乙烯基硅酸铯、苯基硅酸铯、甲基硅酸四甲铵、乙基硅酸四甲铵、丙基硅酸四甲铵、丁基硅酸四甲铵、戊基硅酸四甲铵、己基硅酸四甲铵、2-乙基己基硅酸四甲铵、乙烯基硅酸四甲铵、苯基硅酸四甲铵等。这些可以从具有3个可水解基的硅烷化合物和碱成分得到,但其生产方法并不限于此方法。
具有3个可水解基的硅烷化合物包括但不限于甲基三氟硅烷、甲基三氯硅烷、甲基三溴硅烷、甲基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基三丙氧基硅烷、甲基三丁氧基硅烷、甲基三戊氧基硅烷、甲基三苯氧基硅烷、乙基三氟硅烷、乙基三氯硅烷、乙基三溴硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三丙氧基硅烷、乙基三丁氧基硅烷、乙基三戊氧基硅烷、乙基三苯氧基硅烷、丙基三氟硅烷、丙基三氯硅烷、丙基三溴硅烷、丙基三甲氧基硅烷、丙基三乙氧基硅烷、丙基三丙氧基硅烷、丙基三丁氧基硅烷、丙基三戊氧基硅烷、丙基三苯氧基硅烷、丁基三氟硅烷、丁基三氯硅烷、丁基三溴硅烷、丁基三甲氧基硅烷、丁基三乙氧基硅烷、丁基三丙氧基硅烷、丁基三丁氧基硅烷、丁基三戊氧基硅烷、丁基三苯氧基硅烷、戊基三氟硅烷、戊基三氯硅烷、戊基三溴硅烷、戊基三甲氧基硅烷、戊基三乙氧基硅烷、戊基三丙氧基硅烷、戊基三丁氧基硅烷、戊基三戊氧基硅烷、戊基三苯氧基硅烷、己基三氟硅烷、己基三氯硅烷、己基三溴硅烷、己基三甲氧基硅烷、己基三乙氧基硅烷、己基三丙氧基硅烷、己基三丁氧基硅烷、己基三戊氧基硅烷、己基三苯氧基硅烷、2-乙基己基三氟硅烷、2-乙基己基三氯硅烷、2-乙基己基三溴硅烷、2-乙基己基三甲氧基硅烷、2-乙基己基三乙氧基硅烷、2-乙基己基三丙氧基硅烷、2-乙基己基三丁氧基硅烷、2-乙基己基三戊氧基硅烷、2-乙基己基三苯氧基硅烷、乙烯基三氟硅烷、乙烯基三氯硅烷、乙烯基三溴硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丁氧基硅烷、乙烯基三戊氧基硅烷、乙烯基三苯氧基硅烷、苯基三氟硅烷、苯基三氯硅烷、苯基三溴硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三丙氧基硅烷、苯基三丁氧基硅烷、苯基三戊氧基硅烷、苯基三苯氧基硅烷等。另外,作为碱成分可以举出如碳酸锂、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸铷、碳酸铯等的碱金属碳酸盐;如氢氧化锂、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化铷、氢氧化铯等的碱金属氢氧化物;如氢氧化四甲铵、氢氧化四乙铵、胆碱、氢氧化四丙铵、氢氧化四丁铵、氢氧化三乙基甲基铵、氢氧化甲基三丙基铵和氢氧化三丁基甲基铵等的季氮鎓氢氧化物。
有机硅酸盐化合物(2)的组成根据上述的硅烷化合物和上述的碱成分以及残留水分可以有各种比例。例如甲基硅酸钠为X=Na、R=CH3、a=1、b=0.5和c=1,甲基硅酸四甲基铵为X=(CH3)4N、R=CH3、a=1、b=0.5和c=1。
本文用通式HY表示的酸包括例如氢氟酸、盐酸、硫酸、硝酸和高氯酸等的无机酸,如甲磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和三氟甲磺酸等的磺酸,如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸丙二酸、富马酸、马来酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、苯甲酸、邻苯二酸、间苯二酸、对苯二酸和三氟乙酸等的有机酸,以及磷酸等。另外也可以使用氢离子型离子交换树脂。酸的添加量,对原料硅酸盐化合物和/或有机硅酸盐化合物的摩尔比是0.01~1000倍量,优选的是0.01~100倍量。
本发明的制造步骤,例如制备硅酸盐化合物和/或有机硅酸盐化合物溶液的步骤,向其中加入必要量的酸,在设定的温度及时间下进行处理就可以得到目的的缩合物。通过过滤、超滤(UF)、水洗、离子交换等的一般方法从得到的缩合物中除去反应副产物的中和盐。此时,作为酸使用的与质子交换的阳离子交换树脂,被碱成分中和的阳离子交换树脂可以用简单的过滤操作除去,其结果是能够简化工序所以是优选的。在除去了中和盐的缩合物中,加入涂覆用的溶剂,减压蒸馏出反应中使用的水和有机溶剂,可以得到目的涂覆液。
在缩合反应中,根据需要也可以添加有机溶剂。得到的缩合物的物性是根据反应温度、和添加的水量、用于反应的有机溶剂的种类、原料的硅酸盐化合物和有机硅酸盐化合物的浓度和种类、添加酸的种类而变化。
缩合反应所使用的溶剂,可以举出水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇单丙基醚、乳酸乙酯和环己酮等。这些溶剂可以单独使用或使用二种或多种溶剂的混合物,对于这些也没有特别的限定。这些的溶剂的添加量,对硅酸盐化合物和/或有机硅酸盐化合物的重量而言,优选的是0.1~500倍重量,更优选的是1~100倍重量。
将该缩合物溶液的溶剂置换成涂覆液用的溶剂,该溶剂包括如正戊烷、异戊烷、正己烷、异己烷、正庚烷、2,2,4-三甲基戊烷、正辛烷、异辛烷、环己烷和甲基环己烷等的脂肪族烃系溶剂;如苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、三甲苯、甲基乙基苯、正丙基苯、异丙基苯、二乙苯、异丁基苯、三乙基苯、二异丙基苯和正戊基萘等的芳香族烃溶剂;如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基正丙基酮、甲基正丁基酮、甲基异丁基酮、环己酮、2-己酮、甲基环己酮、2,4-戊二酮、丙酮基丙酮、二丙酮醇、苯乙酮和肟硫磷等的酮系溶剂;如乙醚、异丙基醚、正丁基醚、正己基醚、2-乙基己基醚、二氧戊环、4-甲基二氧戊环、二噁烷、二甲基二噁烷、乙二醇单正丁基醚、乙二醇单正己基醚、乙二醇单苯基醚、乙二醇单-2-乙基丁基醚、乙二醇二丁基醚、二甘醇单甲基醚、二甘醇二甲基醚、二甘醇单乙基醚、二甘醇二乙基醚、二甘醇单丙基醚、二甘醇二丙基醚、二甘醇单丁基醚、二甘醇二丁基醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、丙二醇单甲基醚、丙二醇二甲基醚、丙二醇单乙基醚、丙二醇二乙基醚、丙二醇单丙基醚、丙二醇二丙基醚、丙二醇单丁基醚、一缩二丙二醇二甲基醚、一缩二丙二醇二乙基醚、一缩二丙二醇二丙基醚和一缩二丙二醇二丁基醚等的醚系溶剂;如碳酸二乙酯、乙酸乙酯、γ-丁内酯、γ-戊内酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸正戊酯、乙酸3-甲氧基丁酯、乙酸甲基戊酯、乙酸2-乙基丁酯、乙酸2-乙基己酯、乙酸苄酯、乙酸环己酯、乙酸甲基环己酯、乙酸正壬酯、乙酰乙酸甲酯、乙酰乙酸乙酯、乙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、乙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、二甘醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、二甘醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、二甘醇单正丁基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、丙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、一缩二丙二醇单甲基醚乙酸酯、一缩二丙二醇单乙基醚乙酸酯、一缩二丙二醇单丁基醚乙酸酯、二乙酸乙二醇酯、甲氧基丙二醇乙酸酯、丙酸乙酯、丙酸正丁酯、丙酸异戊酯、草酸二乙酯、草酸二正丁酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸正丁酯、乳酸正戊酯、丙二酸二乙酯、苯二甲酸二甲酯和苯二甲酸二乙酯等的酯系溶剂;如N-甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙酰胺、N-甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基丙酰胺和N-甲基吡咯烷酮等的含氮溶剂;如二甲基硫、二乙基硫、噻吩、四氢噻吩、二甲亚砜、环丁砜、1,3-丙烷磺内酯等的含硫溶剂,这些溶剂可以单独使用或使用二种或多种溶剂的混合物。
该缩合反应中的反应温度通常是从0℃到缩合反应使用的溶剂的沸点范围,优选的是从室温到100℃。反应时间没有特别的限制,但是通常是10分钟到30小时,更优选的是30分钟到10小时。得到的缩合物的重均分子量,使用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)换算成聚乙烯时是10,000~1,000,000。
这样得到的缩合物,用示构示表示时与硅氧烷聚合物几乎相同,但是实际上分子内的缩合与以硅烷化合物为原料的硅氧烷聚合物完全不同。因为在硅酸盐化合物缩合物的溶液中完全不存在烷氧基,所以在烧结工序中要比从硅烷化合物得到的涂覆膜更容易在分子内和/或分子间脱水缩合,可以变成机械强度更强的聚合物结构。
用这些组合物的可控制浓度的溶液,使用适当转速进行旋转喷涂可以形成任意膜厚度的薄膜。实际的膜厚通常是0.2~1μm,但不限于此范围。将涂覆液涂覆多次,可增加膜的厚度。稀释用的溶剂包括与制备涂覆液时取代的溶剂相同的溶剂,所述的溶剂可以单独使用或使用二种或多种溶剂的混合物。
稀释的程度依据粘度和目的物的膜厚而不同,但是通常稀释液中的溶剂量是50~99重量%,更优选的是75~95重量%。
这样形成的薄膜在干燥工序(通常在半导体工艺中称为预焙烧)中优选在50~150℃下加热数分钟以除去溶剂。干燥工序后,设置使涂膜硬化的加热工序。在使涂膜硬化的加热工序中,优选加热到150~500℃,更优选的是200~400℃,加热的时间优选的是1~300分钟,更优选的是1~100分钟。
得到的膜在整体上机械强度大,用硬度计测定的硬度是1~10Gpa,弹性模数是5~50Gpa程度。而在硅酮树脂中添加热分解型聚合物后,通过加热除去该聚合物以形成空孔而得到的多孔质材料,其硬度只是0.05~2Gpa,弹性模数是1.0~4.0Gpa,与之比较,可以说得到了机械强度大得多的薄膜。
本发明的多孔膜,特别是作为半导体集成电路布线的层间绝缘膜是非常适合的。对于半导体器件,为了在高度集成化时也不会引起布线的延迟,需要减少布线间的电容量。为了达到上述目的考虑了各种的方法,降低金属布线间形成绝缘膜的介电常数就是其中之一。使用本发明的形成多孔膜的组合物制造层间绝缘膜时,可缩小半导体器件的尺寸和高速运转,也可以降低电力消耗。
常见的问题是为了得到低介电常数,在膜中引入空孔作成多孔质膜时,由于构成膜的材料密度下降,所以出现膜机械强度下降的问题。机械强度的下降,不仅影响半导体器件本身的强度,而且在制造工艺通常使用的化学机械抛光工艺中由于没有足够的强度,存在着引起剥离的问题。特别是,使用本发明的多孔膜作为半导体层间绝缘膜使用时,由于该多孔质膜的高机械强度以及低的介电常数,所以不会引起剥离,可高速度、高可靠性地制造尺寸小的半导体器件。
下面将描述本发明半导体器件的实施方式。图1是表示本发明半导体器件实例的横断面示意图。
图1中,1是基片,是如Si基片、SOI(Si在绝缘体上)基片等的Si半导体基片,但是也可以是如SiGe和GaAs等的化合物半导体基片。2是接触层的层间绝缘膜;3、5、7、9、11、13、15及17是布线层间的绝缘膜;从最下层的布线层的层间绝缘膜3开始到最上层的层间绝缘膜17的布线层按照顺序分别称为M1、M2、M3、M4、M5、M6、M7及M8。4、6、8、10、12、14及16是通路层的绝缘层,从最下层的通路层的层间绝缘膜4到最上层的绝缘膜16按照顺序分别称为V1、V2、V3、V4、V5、V6及V7。18和21~24表示金属布线。没有用数字标出的同样花样的其它区域表示金属布线。19是通路塞,是由金属构成的。通常的布线是使用铜。图中,虽然省略了编号但是与通路塞19相同模样的部分表示通路芯柱。20是接触芯柱,与基片1最上面形成的晶体管(未说明)的控制极或者基片连接着。这样成为布线层和通路层相互叠层的结构,一般,所说的多层布线是指从M1到上层部分。通常M1~M3C称为局部布线,M4和M5称为中间布线或者半全部布线、M6~M8称为全部布线。
在本发明的半导体器件中,布线层间的绝缘膜3、5、7、9、11、13、15及17或者通路层的绝缘膜4、6、8、10、12、14及16中有一层或多层使用了本发明的多孔膜。
例如,在布线层(M1)的层间绝缘膜3使用本发明的多孔膜时,可以大幅度地减少金属布线21和金属布线22间的布线间的电容。在通路层(V1)的层间绝缘膜4使用本发明的多孔膜时,可以大幅度地降低金属布线23和金属布线24间的布线间电容。因此,布线层使用本发明的低介电常数的多孔膜,可以大大地降低同一层的金属布线电容。另外通路层使用本发明的低介电常数的多孔膜,可以大大地减少上下金属布线层间电容。
因此,所有的布线层及通路层都使用本发明的多孔膜时,可以减少布线的寄生电容。本发明的多孔膜作为布线绝缘膜使用,不会发生以往常出现的问题,即在用多孔膜组装形成多层布线时由于多孔膜的吸湿而引起的介电常数增加。其结果,可以实现半导体器件的高速操作及低电力消耗。另外,本发明的多孔膜由于机械强度强,所以可提高半导体器件的机械强度,其结果半导体器件制造上的收率和半导体器件的可靠性大幅度地提高。
以下用实施例具体地说明本发明,但是本发明不受以下实施例的限制。
实施例1
将四甲氧基硅烷50g加入到25重量%四甲基铵水溶液360g内,60℃下搅拌3小时。得到的水溶液在旋转蒸发器浓缩到200g,得到硅酸四甲基铵水溶液。接着将甲基三甲氧基硅烷45g加入到25重量%四甲基铵水溶液360g内,60℃下搅拌3小时。得到的水溶液在旋转蒸发器浓缩到200g,得到硅酸四甲基铵水溶液。将它们混合,并加入乙醇500g,使得到的混合物保持在55℃,同时在5小时内加入10%硫酸1000g,继续保持该温度5小时。在得到的溶液中加入丙二醇单丙基醚500g,50℃下使用旋转蒸发器浓缩到溶液重量到500g。向该缩合物中加入乙酸乙酯400g及超纯水400g,充分搅拌混合、静置、分离,得到含有缩合物的有机层,将该有机层再次在50℃下用旋转蒸发器浓缩到400g,得到目的涂覆液。使用旋涂器以1500rpm将其在8英寸晶片上旋涂1分钟。使用热板在120℃加热2分钟后,其膜厚是8,000Å(埃)。在250℃加热3分钟后,使用干净的烘箱,在氮气氛围下于450℃下加热1小时。此时的膜厚是7,200Å(埃)。此涂覆膜的介电常数是2.2,弹性模数是5.1GPa。
此外,作为物性的测定方法,介电常数是使用自动水银CV测定装置495-CV系统(日本SSM社制),用自动水银探头的CV法测定的,弹性模数是使用纳米压痕器(纳米英素面茨社制)进行测定。
实施例2
除了用15wt%的氢氧化钾代替25wt%的四甲基铵水溶液外,按照与实施例1的相同的方法得到涂覆液。用与实施例1相同的方法成膜。这样形成的涂覆膜的介电常数是是2.1,弹性模数是4.5GPa。
实施例3
将甲基三甲氧基硅烷45g加入到25重量%四甲基铵水溶液360g内,60℃下搅拌3小时。得到的水溶液在旋转蒸发器浓缩到200g,得到甲基硅酸四甲基铵水溶液。接着在该溶液中加入10重量%硅酸钠水溶液400g及乙醇800g,使得到的混合物保持在55℃,同时在4小时内加入10%盐酸750g,继续保持该温度5小时。在得到的水溶液中加入丙二醇单丙基醚500g,50℃下使用旋转蒸发器浓缩到溶液重量500g。向该浓缩物中加入乙酸乙酯400g及超纯水400g,充分搅拌混合、静置、分离,得到含有缩合物的有机层,将该有机层再次在50℃下用旋转蒸发器浓缩到400g,得到目的涂覆液。将其用与实施例1同样的方法成膜。这样形成的涂覆膜的介电常数是2.2,弹性模数是5.5GPa。
实施例4
将10重量%硅酸钠水溶液400g、甲基硅酸钠(大崎工业社制)的5重量%水溶液760g及乙醇1200g混合,使得到的混合物保持在55℃,同时在3小时内加入20重量%马来酸溶液600g,继续保持该温度5小时。在得到的水溶液中加入丙二醇单丙基醚500g,50℃下使用旋转蒸发器浓缩到溶液重量到500g。向该浓缩物中加入乙酸乙酯400g及超纯水400g,充分搅拌混合、静置、分离,得到含有缩合物的有机层,将该有机层再次在50℃下用旋转蒸发器浓缩到400g,得到目的涂覆液。将其用与实施例1同样的方法成膜。这样形成的涂覆膜的介电常数是2.3,弹性模数是6.5GPa。
比较例1
将四乙氧基硅烷60g及甲基三甲氧基硅烷30g的混合物加入到40重量%甲胺水溶液10g、超纯水640g及乙醇1200g的混合溶液中,75℃下搅拌4小时。在25℃下向该溶液中加入丙二醇单丙基醚300g,并搅拌1小时后。将反应物在40℃下减压浓缩,得到300g涂覆液。将其用与实施例1同样的方法成膜。这样形成的涂覆膜的介电常数是2.4,弹性模数是3.0GPa。
实施例1~4和比较例1的结果示于表1。
表1
硅酸盐化合物 | 有机硅酸盐化合物 | 介电常数 | 弹性模数(GPa) | |
实施例1 | 硅酸四甲铵 | 甲基硅酸四甲铵 | 2.2 | 5.1 |
实施例2 | 硅酸钾 | 甲基硅酸四甲铵 | 2.1 | 4.5 |
实施例3 | 硅酸钠 | 甲基硅酸四甲铵 | 2.2 | 5.5 |
实施例4 | 硅酸钠 | 甲基硅酸钠 | 2.3 | 6.5 |
比较例1 | - | - | 2.4 | 3.0 |
Claims (12)
1.一种形成多孔膜的组合物,该组合物包括缩合物及有机溶剂,所述的缩合物是从至少一种选自用通式(1)表示的硅酸盐化合物和用通式(2)表示的有机硅酸盐化合物在酸的存在下缩合得到的,
(X2O)i(SiO2)j(H2O)k …(1)
式中,X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓,i、j和k独立地表示满足0<i≤1、0<j≤1、0<k≤2的数;
(X2O)a(RSiO1.5)b(H2O)c …(2)
式中,R独立地表示氢原子或者有机基团,X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓;a、b和c独立地表示满足0<a≤1、0<b≤1、0≤c≤1.5的数。
2.根据权利要求1所述的形成多孔膜的组合物,其特征是所述的季氮鎓包括具有1~20碳原子的烷基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的形成多孔膜的组合物,其特征是所述的R是碳原子数1~10的有机基团。
4.根据权利要求1所述的形成多孔膜的组合物,其特征是用通式(1)表示的硅酸盐化合物是硅酸四甲铵,用通式(2)表示的有机硅酸盐化合物是甲基硅酸四甲铵。
5.一种多孔膜的制造方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将权利要求1~4任何一项所记载的形成多孔膜的组合物涂覆于基片上成膜,将该膜干燥,和加热干燥的涂覆膜以使该膜硬化。
6.一种多孔膜,其特征是由权利要求1~4任何一项所记载的形成多孔膜的组合物得到的。
7.一种层间绝缘膜,其特征是由权利要求1~4任何一项所记载的形成多孔膜的组合物得到的。
8.半导体器件,其特征是其中包括用形成多孔膜的组合物形成的多孔膜,该组合物含有缩合物及有机溶剂,所述的缩合物是从至少一种选自用通式(1)表示的硅酸盐化合物和用通式(2)表示的有机硅酸盐化合物在酸存在下缩合得到的,
(X2O)i(SiO2)j(H2O)k …(1)
式中,X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓,i、j和k独立地表示满足0<i≤1、0<j≤1、0<k≤2的数;
(X2O)a(RSiO1.5)b(H2O)c …(2)
式中,R独立地表示氢原子或者有机基团,X独立地表示Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs或者季氮鎓,a、b和c独立地表示满足0<a≤1、0<b≤1、0≤c≤1.5的数。
9.根据权利要求8所述的半导体器件,其特征是所述的季氮鎓包括具有1~20碳原子的烷基。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的半导体器件,其特征是所述的R是碳原子数1~10的有机基团。
11.根据权利要求8或9所述的半导体器件,其特征是用通式(1)表示的硅酸盐化合物是硅酸四甲铵,用通式(2)表示的有机硅酸盐化合物是甲基硅酸四甲铵。
12.根据权利要求8-9任何一项所述的半导体器件,其特征是所述的多孔膜是存在于同一层的金属布线间的绝缘膜,或者是上下金属布线层的层间绝缘膜。
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-
2003
- 2003-03-27 JP JP2003087066A patent/JP2004292641A/ja active Pending
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2004
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- 2004-03-25 US US10/808,692 patent/US7332446B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-26 CN CNB2004100313869A patent/CN100381526C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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TWI328600B (en) | 2010-08-11 |
US7332446B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 |
TW200500427A (en) | 2005-01-01 |
JP2004292641A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
CN100381526C (zh) | 2008-04-16 |
US20040188809A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
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