CN1524042A - 三角导杆 - Google Patents

三角导杆 Download PDF

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CN1524042A
CN1524042A CNA038005999A CN03800599A CN1524042A CN 1524042 A CN1524042 A CN 1524042A CN A038005999 A CNA038005999 A CN A038005999A CN 03800599 A CN03800599 A CN 03800599A CN 1524042 A CN1524042 A CN 1524042A
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joint housing
rubber
knuckle joint
guide rod
metal bearing
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CN100346991C (zh
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R
R·布尔
R·里希特
U·科斯曼
R·昆策
H·布布利斯
S·克诺普
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Zf Fu Erde LLC
ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
    • F16F1/38—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type
    • F16F1/393—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers with a sleeve of elastic material between a rigid outer sleeve and a rigid inner sleeve or pin, i.e. bushing-type with spherical or conical sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/001—Suspension arms, e.g. constructional features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/005—Ball joints
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/0614—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints the female part of the joint being open on two sides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C11/00—Pivots; Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/04—Pivotal connections
    • F16C11/06—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints
    • F16C11/08—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints with resilient bearings
    • F16C11/083—Ball-joints; Other joints having more than one degree of angular freedom, i.e. universal joints with resilient bearings by means of parts of rubber or like materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/30—Rigid axle suspensions
    • B60G2200/314—Rigid axle suspensions with longitudinally arranged arms articulated on the axle
    • B60G2200/315—Rigid axle suspensions with longitudinally arranged arms articulated on the axle at least one of the arms having an A or V shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/143—Mounting of suspension arms on the vehicle body or chassis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/148—Mounting of suspension arms on the unsprung part of the vehicle, e.g. wheel knuckle or rigid axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/416—Ball or spherical joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/10—Constructional features of arms
    • B60G2206/124—Constructional features of arms the arm having triangular or Y-shape, e.g. wishbone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/90—Maintenance
    • B60G2206/91—Assembly procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
    • F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
    • F16C2326/05—Vehicle suspensions, e.g. bearings, pivots or connecting rods used therein
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32606—Pivoted
    • Y10T403/32631—Universal ball and socket
    • Y10T403/32737—Universal ball and socket including liner, shim, or discrete seat

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Sewing Machines And Sewing (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

介绍了一种用于汽车车轴悬挂装置的三角导杆(1)，所述三角导杆用于使用两个导杆臂(2，3)把一个汽车轴铰接地连接在车身上，这两个导杆臂(2，3)在一个由它们共同构成的、为一橡胶－金属轴承(11)而设的铰链接头壳体(6)中相互连接起来，以便把该导杆(1)固定在该汽车轴上，其中，该橡胶－金属轴承(11)具有一个有一个球面的旋转轴(12)和一个至少在该球面区域内围住该旋转轴(12)的弹性体(14)，该弹性体(14)容纳在位于铰链接头壳体(6)内的槽(16)中，在铰链接头壳体(6)的槽(16)内、在弹性体(14)的轴向外侧上设有两个压紧环(17，18)，这两个压紧环(17，18)通过一个夹具、在铰链接头壳体(6)的止挡面(22)作为中间连接的情况下可相对运动，这些止挡面(22)贴靠在压紧环(17，18)的相互背向的外侧上。通过这种特定的实施形式，所述的橡胶－金属轴承既在轴向又在径向预紧，其刚性因此有所提高，由此可以承受更大的力。

Description

三角导杆
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分特征的、用于使汽车轴与车身进行铰接连接的汽车车轴悬挂的三角导杆。
现有技术中公开的这种三角导杆特别是应用于载重汽车。因此，公开了例如一种用于汽车车轮悬挂装置的导向导杆，该导向导杆由一个分成两部分的导杆体组成，其中这两个导杆体在它们的一个末端处形成一个用于容纳一个橡胶-金属轴承的共同的容纳件，借助于该橡胶-金属轴承该导杆能固定在一个车轮支架上或一个汽车轴上。对面的自由末端用于把三角导杆固定在车身侧处。
这种导杆通常设计为锻件或铸件，其中，特别是对于铸件而言在铸模制作的范围内从俯视的角度看要求有一个相当大的面积，尽管两个导杆自身的质量相当小。就此而言，所述三角导杆分为两个导杆臂，必要时其形状可以设计得相同，这具有显著的节约费用的优点，此优点同样地能在设计为锻件的三角导杆中有所体现，因为通过一分为二能使生产步骤显著减少。
然而，在上述的文献中公开的主题的缺点在于，在由两个导杆臂共同形成的中央的铰链接头壳体内布置的橡胶-金属轴承由于其结构原因仅仅在径向方向上设有对于用于弹性支承的弹性体的预紧。因为弹性体一般只能承受非常小的拉紧力，所以在本发明范围内描述的轴承在这方面几乎不适合于承受轴向负载。
因此，本发明的任务在于，这样改进本文开头所述类型的三角导杆，即尤其在载重汽车中出现的负载在更大程度上能被三角导杆的中央支承件所承受，该中央支承件是为连接于其上的汽车轴所设置的。
根据本发明，这一任务可以这样来解决，即在铰链接头壳体的槽内、在弹性体的轴向的外侧上布置两个压紧环，这两个压紧环通过一个夹具、在铰链接头壳体的止挡面作为中间连接的情况下可相对运动，所述止挡面贴靠在压紧环的相互背向的外侧上。通过这一根据本发明的方案，尤其是围住旋转轴的球面的弹性体不只沿径向方向、而且也可沿轴向方向产生预紧。所述预紧对弹性体的在轴向方向上的刚性是关键的，其中，该刚性的大小与承受所出现的轴向力的能力成比例。
本发明的另一个优点在于，通过轴向预紧的可能性可以根据不同要求对橡胶-金属轴承进行调节，与此相反，在传统的、由现有技术公开的结构中对于不同的刚性必要时必须改变所使用的弹性体的橡胶混合物。
压紧环最好与弹性体固定地连接，其中，例如通过硫化/早期硫化形成这种固定连接。所述轴向预紧经由压紧环进行。
结合权利要求1的根据本发明的技术特征附加地由从属权利要求的特征得出本发明主题的具体方案。
其中一种合适的改进方案是，该夹具具有多个与旋转轴平行布置的、容纳在铰链接头壳体的通孔中的夹紧用螺旋连接机构。这些夹紧用螺旋连接机构在此显示出结构简单的、节省费用的可能性，即通过使用所需要的力、在共同构成的铰链接头壳体内部中将所述导杆臂用螺纹连接在一起而对所述压紧环进行预紧。
足够的夹紧在此例如由三个或更多个同轴地围绕用于橡胶-金属轴承的中央槽而设置的夹紧用螺旋连接机构来提供。
为了尤其当两个导杆臂相互有很大扭曲时减少在中央的铰链接头壳体连接件的部位上出现的剪力，并且为了不使处在那里的夹紧用螺旋连接机构超载，此外还证明有利的是，夹紧用螺旋连接机构中至少一个设有一个布置在配置于所述螺旋连接机构的通孔之中的、围住夹紧螺栓的抗剪套。
然而，所有夹紧用螺旋连接机构也都能设置有布置在通孔中的、围住该夹紧螺栓的抗剪套。
下面根据附图详细阐述本发明主题的一个实施例。
附图所示为：
图1一个根据本发明的三角导杆的俯视图，及
图2一个图1中示出的在由两个导杆臂共同构成铰链接头壳体的范围内的局部B的断面视图。
其总体用标记1表示的、在图1中示出的三角导杆具有两个镜面对称地互相面对布置的导杆臂2和3。每个导杆臂具有一个弯折的端部4和5，这两个端部4和5共同构成一个铰链接头壳体6。通过端部4和5的弯折及在此范围内导杆臂2和3的相互贴靠的贴靠面对于整个三角导杆形成一个基本上从平面图看来呈V形的具有两个端部7和8的构造，这两个端部7和8用于将三角导杆1固定于此处未示出的车身侧的容纳件上。借助于橡胶-金属轴承9和10铰接地将三角导杆1固定在此处。同样地，一个橡胶-金属轴承11容纳在由两个导杆臂2和3构成的铰链接头壳体6中，该橡胶-金属轴承11与一个固定在橡胶-金属轴承上的、图中未显示出的载重汽车汽车轴形成铰接连接。
在图2中详细示出了带有位于其中的橡胶-金属轴承11的铰链接头壳体6的具体方案。橡胶-金属轴承11包含有一个旋转轴12，该旋转轴12具有一个对于旋转轴末端对称地设置的球形部分13。该球形部分13由一个整体的或由多部分构成的弹性体14所包围，该弹性体14布置在由导杆臂2和3的端部构成的铰链接头壳体6的一个槽16中，弹性体14与槽16之间连接一个轴套15。在弹性体14的轴向外侧上将两个压紧环17和18进行早期硫化。这两个压紧环17和18具有一个基本上平行于旋转轴12的中心纵轴线设置的法兰部位20以及一个垂直于该轴线向外突出的法兰部位21。在法兰部位21的背向弹性体14的外侧上，铰链接头壳体6的一个止挡面22贴靠着该法兰部位21。
如图2另外示出，三角导杆1的两个导杆臂2和3经由一个由多个夹紧用螺旋连接机构23组成的夹具相互连接。至少一个夹紧用螺旋连接机构由一个具有一个拧在其上的螺母的夹紧螺栓及一个围住该夹紧螺栓的抗剪套24组成。所述至少一个夹紧用螺旋连接机构23与该围住夹紧螺栓的抗剪套24布置在铰链接头壳体6的一个通孔25中。夹紧用螺旋连接机构23的螺纹连接使松脱地放入槽16中的橡胶-金属轴承9既通过轴套15在径向固定又通过压紧环17和18在轴向固定，其中弹性体14同时受到压力，据此使该部件受到预紧并由此使弹性体14的刚性有所提高，因此在装配结束后毫无问题地承受通过旋转轴12的运动所产生的施加在弹性体14上的压力。在此要注意的是，借助一个硫化过程将弹性体14固定在旋转轴12上及压紧环17，18上，弹性体14和轴套15之间的连接仅仅基于相应的摩擦力来形成。
附图标记列表
1   三角导杆
2   导杆臂
3   导杆臂
4   端部
5   端部
6   铰链接头壳体
7   端部
8   端部
9   橡胶-金属轴承
10  橡胶-金属轴承
11  橡胶-金属轴承
12  旋转轴
13  球形部分
14  弹性体
15  轴套
16  槽
17  压紧环
18  压紧环
19  中心纵轴线
20  法兰部位
21  法兰部位
22  止挡面
23  夹紧用螺旋连接机构
24  抗剪套
25  通孔

Claims (3)

1.用于汽车车轴悬挂装置的三角导杆(1)，所述三角导杆用于使用两个导杆臂(2，3)将一个汽车轴铰接地连接在车身上，所述导杆臂(2，3)在一个由它们共同构成的、用于一个橡胶-金属轴承(11)的铰链接头壳体(6)中相互连接起来，以便把该导杆(1)固定在该汽车轴上，其中，该橡胶-金属轴承(11)具有一个有一个球面的旋转轴(12)和一个至少在该球面区域内围住该旋转轴(12)的弹性体(14)，该弹性体(14)容纳在位于铰链接头壳体(6)内的槽(16)中，其特征在于，在铰链接头壳体(6)的槽(16)内、在弹性体(14)的轴向外侧上设有两个压紧环(17，18)，这两个压紧环(17，18)通过一个夹具、在铰链接头壳体(6)的止挡面(22)作为中间连接的情况下可相对运动，这些止挡面(22)贴靠在压紧环(17，18)的相互背向的外侧上。
2.按照权利要求1的三角导杆，其特征在于，所述夹具具有多个与旋转轴(12)平行布置的、容纳在铰链接头壳体(6)的通孔(25)中的夹紧用螺旋连接机构。
3.按照权利要求2的三角导杆，其特征在于，夹紧用螺旋连接机构中的至少一个(23)设有一个布置在配置于该夹紧用螺旋连接机构的通孔(25)之中的、围住夹紧螺栓的抗剪套(24)。
CNB038005999A 2002-05-02 2003-02-12 三角导杆 Expired - Fee Related CN100346991C (zh)

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DE10219708.3 2002-05-02
DE10219708A DE10219708A1 (de) 2002-05-02 2002-05-02 Dreiecklenker

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CN1524042A true CN1524042A (zh) 2004-08-25
CN100346991C CN100346991C (zh) 2007-11-07

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CN102734365A (zh) * 2012-06-20 2012-10-17 北京空间飞行器总体设计部 一种三向粘弹性阻尼器
CN104912913A (zh) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-16 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 刚度可调式三角拉杆
CN110832211A (zh) * 2017-07-04 2020-02-21 Zf腓特烈斯哈芬股份公司 用于连接底盘拉杆与车轮架的组件
CN107524742A (zh) * 2017-09-07 2017-12-29 开平市志杰汽车零部件有限公司 一种水平悬挂衬垫的改进结构
CN115217876A (zh) * 2022-07-18 2022-10-21 郑州天源橡胶有限公司 一种双球面牵引橡胶关节及其制作方法

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BR0304551B1 (pt) 2012-06-26
CN100346991C (zh) 2007-11-07
US20040155422A1 (en) 2004-08-12
US6959935B2 (en) 2005-11-01
RU2309855C2 (ru) 2007-11-10
EP1499510B2 (de) 2009-10-14
ES2253663T3 (es) 2006-06-01
MXPA03011896A (es) 2004-06-03
DE10219708A1 (de) 2003-11-13
RU2004101405A (ru) 2005-02-10
JP4115448B2 (ja) 2008-07-09
WO2003093039A1 (de) 2003-11-13
ES2253663T5 (es) 2010-01-27
DE50302067D1 (de) 2006-02-02
EP1499510A1 (de) 2005-01-26
EP1499510B1 (de) 2005-12-28
ATE314212T1 (de) 2006-01-15
JP2005524564A (ja) 2005-08-18

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