CN1500377A - Industrialized production method of bai-ling mushroom - Google Patents
Industrialized production method of bai-ling mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN1500377A CN1500377A CNA021488088A CN02148808A CN1500377A CN 1500377 A CN1500377 A CN 1500377A CN A021488088 A CNA021488088 A CN A021488088A CN 02148808 A CN02148808 A CN 02148808A CN 1500377 A CN1500377 A CN 1500377A
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Abstract
The industrial Bailinggu mushroom producing process includes the steps of making mushroom seed, culturing, nursing, gathering, packing and other steps. Cold room and other technological measures are adopted to create beneficial growth environment for Bailinggu mushroom. The present invention makes it possible to produce Bailinggu mushroom all the year around in high production efficiency. The produced Bailinggu mushroom has controlled shape, weight and quality and thus raised economic value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production method of a kind of edible mushroom.A kind of industrial production method of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel particularly.
Background technology
Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel formal name used at school Pleurotus ferulae Lanzi (pleurotus ferulae) belongs to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, Pleurotus.
Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel is the common mushroom in subtropics and area, Eurasian arid grassland, is distributed in southern Europe. in non-. north African. ground such as India.Wild Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel is distributed in China the Gobi desert, desert of awful weathers such as the wood base, Qinghe County, Tuoli in Xinjiang on the only a few Resina Ferulae beach, selectivity is grown on the rotten asafoetide plant roots and stems, at the bottom of annual April in early spring to early May be the self-sow phase, by among the people being described as " the white glossy ganoderma in Western Paradise ".
Pleurotus nebrodensis sporophore is as white as snow, meat exquisiteness, crisp cunning, and giving off a strong fragrance is attacked the people, delicious flavour, unique flavor has higher edibility.Pleurotus ferulae nutritious abundant, every hectogram fruit body contains protein 15.72 grams, crude fat 11.06 grams, ash content 5.63 grams, raw fiber 3.54 grams.Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel also has higher medical value, and its fruit body contains 20 several amino acids, and wherein lysine and arginine content are than the high 1-6 of Asparagus doubly; Lipid all is unsaturated fatty acid; Contain multivitamin, especially the content of vitamin D than the high 3-4 of other mushroom class doubly; Contain the multi mineral prime element; And contain higher asafoetide polysaccharide, have the effect of cancer-resisting.
But the production of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel at present or rely on the mode of wild spontaneous growth or peasant household to adopt sun light green house to cultivate.The technology that this employing sun light green house is cultivated relies on the temperature of weather and intensity of illumination to carry out the Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel cultivation basically, and only produce a season every year.And, adopting the mode of production of artificial spice, pack, production efficiency is low, and output is per hour produced about 80 bags for everyone.Single bag culture medium weight error rate 20% is unfavorable for the unified monitoring of product hierarchy.
The artificial cultivation technique of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel generally comprises and makes bacterial classification, cultivation, bacteria, urges flower bud, fruiting and gather, pack several steps.Peasant household's booth carries out bacteria with greenhouse by solar heat, and is bigger as Changes in weather because of the bacteria time that influences that changed by diurnal temperature is generally 90 days, and the bacteria time just must prolong.And because each position temperature, humidity are inhomogeneous in the booth, must be through the artificial bag two to three times of falling.It is inhomogeneous easily to cause mycelium to produce, and bacteria infection very easily.In urging flower bud and fruiting process, booth mainly relies on day and night temperature that mycelium is carried out thermal stimulus, and the attached worker's humidification of helping others, because a last production link causes the inconsistency of mycelial growth, the operation easier of this link is strengthened, and the young mushroom of back growth very easily sustains damage, and dead mushroom rate rises, fruiting is uneven, directly influence gather with the product of fruiting mutually.About the greenhouse cultivation Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel production cycle 140-150 of peasant household days, the production cycle is long, can only produce a season in 1 year.And, be subject to the influence that Changes in weather or light change.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of industrial production method of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, wherein adopt the growing environment of millwork means control Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, realize the batch production large-scale production of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, shorten the production cycle, enhance productivity, reduce the dependence of the production of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, realize that the anti-season of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel produces environment.
The invention provides a kind of production method of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, comprise making bacterial classification, cultivation, bacteria, urge flower bud, fruiting, gather and pack several steps, wherein, cultivation, bacteria, to urge one in flower bud, fruiting step or a few step be to finish under the working condition of batch production control.
Make the bacterial classification process and can adopt any existing method and conventional mother culture media and pedigree seed culture medium.As: mother culture media can adopt potato 200 grams (peeling, liquor), glucose 20 grams, peptone 1 gram, magnesium sulfate 0.5 gram, agar 20 grams, 1000 milliliters in water.Pedigree seed culture medium can adopt 79 kilograms of cotton seed hullss, 15 kilograms in wheat bran, and 5 kilograms of corn flour, 1 kilogram in calcium carbonate, urea 0.2% (in medium weight) mixes and adds clear water and obtain, and wherein material-water ratio is 1: 1.25.The cultivation process comprised for three steps, that is: do bacterium and sterilization and connect bacterium.Make the process that the bacterium process is about to the pedigree seed culture medium bottling, preferably adopt the bottling streamline to stir, transmit and bottle.Sterilization process preferably adopts and is not less than 120 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations in the low pressure still, continues to be not less than 2 hours.
Temperature is controlled at 15-25 ℃, relative air humidity 60-70%, gas concentration lwevel 2500-4000ppm in the bacteria process, mycelium is grown with this understanding continuously reach physiological ripening, and the time was generally 55-65 days, was generally about 60 days.
In urging the flower bud process, carry out controlled thermal stimulation, remain on 3-10 ℃ to mycelium reverse the back (this process generally needs 15-25 days), be warming up to 8-20 ℃, humidity is controlled at 85-95%, keeping illumination in this process is the scattered light of 200-1500 lux, until apparent flower bud, generally need about 7-15 days, dredge flower bud when waiting mushroom body length to 1-2.5cm.
Promptly enter the fruiting stage after dredging flower bud, this phase temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 80-85%, and light is controlled at the 1000-4000 lux, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below the 800ppm.This process required time is generally 20-30 days.
Treat thalline long to suit big or small the time can gather and pack.
Every index control and operation production by above make the production process of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel of the present invention have many outstanding advantages:
1. do bacterium: peasant household's booth mode of production is to utilize plastic sack, artificial spice, pack, and output is produced about 80 bags for everyone when per.Single bag culture medium weight error rate 20%.A series of production processes that batch production produce to adopt the bottling streamline to carry out spice, transmission, bottling, output for everyone per hour about 1800 bottles, within every bottle of medium weight error 5%.Output has improved 22.5 times, loads the material precision and improves 4 times, so guaranteed the weight by fruiting after the biological transformation, the uniformity of size.
2. sterilization: add " sterilization ling " in peasant household's 90 ℃ of steam of booth employing and the spice and be incubated sterilization more than 35 hours.And medium also need ferment more than 3 days.
Batch production is produced and is used steam to carry out high-temperature sterilization more than 120 ℃ in the low pressure still.Medium need not fermentation, and efficient improves more than 10 times, and has avoided the residual problem of bactericidal agent, has effectively preserved the effective nutrient component in the composts or fertilisers of cultivating, has improved the biological transformation ratio of medium.
3. bacteria: peasant household's booth carries out bacteria with greenhouse by solar heat, and because of being subjected to day and night temperature, the influence of temperature variation bacteria time is generally 90 days, and is bigger as Changes in weather, and the bacteria time just must prolong.And owing to each position temperature in the booth, humidity is inhomogeneous, the artificial bag of palpus process two to three times.It is inhomogeneous easily to cause mycelium to produce, and bacteria infection very easily.
The independent bacteria chamber that batch production is produced with specialty produces, temperature, humidity, gas concentration lwevel are all constant under the condition that helps most mycelial growth, make the continuous growth of mycelium reach sufficient physiological ripening rapidly, time is about 60 days, yield rate is up to more than 98%, and guaranteed the uniformity of every bottle of mycelial growth, formed bigger contrast with the mycelial growth of peasant household booth.
4. urge flower bud and management of producing mushroom: peasant household's booth is the same with the mycelial growth management in the management in this stage, under same condition He in the space, produce, because the specificity of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel growth, need carry out thermal stimulation in this stage, and the concrete stimulation temperature of batch production production controlled has realized the mode of production of thermal stimulation.
During batch production is produced, at first adopt independent fruiting real estate management reason, after the mycelial growth maturation, scratching silk moves to the fruiting room and carries out management of producing mushroom, since be to produce in batches in the anniversary, thus the sterilization that soars after the fruiting room also need be produced in batches, to prevent the generation of damage by disease and insect, in this, booth production can't realize.On the thermal stimulation link, can make full use of the cold-room technology in addition, continue to carry out work, make more than 20 day production process in booth is produced originally, be reduced to about 10 days, production efficiency has improved more than 1 times.Batch production is produced cultivating rate and is guaranteed about 98% 25 days fruiting time.And the fruiting time is neat, mushroom attitude product phase basically identical.
5. gather: the finished product of peasant household's booth changes greatly the opportunity of gathering, owing in the same space, manage, only produce a season, so adopt with maturation with the principle of gathering timeliness strictly not, thin flower bud link when next does not have batch production to produce, same bacterium bag 2 times even 3 fruitings, the form product facial difference of finished product is bigger, and misshapen mushroom is more, and the time is different in size, and classification standard is uncontrollable naturally.
Batch production is produced because each production link control is strict, so finished product mushroom form, weight, quality basically identical, Yan Ge grade apportion makes product have more standardization in addition.A level product rate reaches 85% at present, and B level product rate reaches 13%, C level product rate 2%.
The present invention adopts the advantageously grow environment of batch production means control Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, thereby shortens the production cycle, and reaches producing in anniversary of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, does not have seasonal restriction, and production risk is less.In addition, product has more standardization, is convenient to the unified monitoring of product quality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process chart that the Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel batch production is produced.
Embodiment
The process of batch production production Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel is described below by specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1. making bacterial classification:
(1) make female the kind: make mother according to a conventional method and plant used medium: potato 200 grams (peeling, liquor), glucose 20 grams, peptone 1 restrains, magnesium sulfate 0.5 gram, agar 20 grams, 1000 milliliters in water.
(2) make original seed (cultivated species): used medium: 79 kilograms of cotton seed hullss, 15 kilograms in wheat bran, 5 kilograms of corn flour, 1 kilogram in calcium carbonate, urea 0.2% (in medium weight) mix and add clear water, material-water ratio 1: 1.25.
2. cultivation:
(1) does bacterium: with medium spice, the bottling in the step 1 (2);
(2) sterilization: with the above-mentioned medium that installs bottle, use steam in the low pressure still, to carry out 120 ℃ of high-temperature sterilizations, continue 2 hours.
(3) connect bacterium: step 1 (1) gained bacterial classification is inserted under aseptic condition in the medium of step 2 (2) gained, and temperature is controlled at 15 ℃.
3. bacteria:
Produce with independent bacteria chamber, temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, relative air humidity 65%, gas concentration lwevel 3000ppm, makes the continuous growth of mycelium reach sufficient physiological ripening rapidly, and the time is 60 days.Yield rate is up to more than 98%, and guaranteed the uniformity of every bottle of mycelial growth, formed bigger contrast with the mycelial growth of peasant household booth.
4. urge flower bud:
Need carry out thermal stimulation in this stage, 5 ℃ treated that mycelium reversed in continuous 20 days after, be warming up to 15 ℃ again, humidity is controlled at 90%, illumination is the scattered light of 1000 luxs, this process is urged flower bud exactly.10 days apparent flower buds.Dredge flower bud when growing to 2cm, shave and remove unnecessary mushroom body, only keep wherein strongr one Deng the mushroom body.
5. fruiting:
Temperature is controlled at 15 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 80%, and illumination is the scattered light of 3000 luxs, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at and is lower than 800ppm, keeps 25 days.
6. gather, pack:
When young mushroom grows to suitable size, can gather, pack.
Embodiment 2
Other condition is with embodiment 1, and just in the bacteria process, temperature is controlled at 18 ℃, relative air humidity 60%, gas concentration lwevel 2700ppm, and mycelium is grown continuously, reaches sufficient physiological ripening rapidly, and the time is 61 days, and yield rate reaches 98%.
Urge the flower bud process to carry out thermal stimulation, 8 ℃ continuous 18 days, treat that mycelium reverses after, be warming up to 18 ℃ again, humidity is controlled at 95%, illumination is the scattered light of 1300 luxs, 9 days apparent flower buds.
The fruiting process temperature is controlled at 18 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 85%, and illumination is the scattered light of 4000 luxs, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below the 800ppm.
Embodiment 3
Other condition is with embodiment 1, and just in the bacteria process, temperature is controlled at 25 ℃, relative air humidity 70%, gas concentration lwevel 3500ppm, and mycelium is grown continuously, reaches sufficient physiological ripening rapidly, and the time is 58 days, and yield rate reaches 98%.
Urge the flower bud process to carry out thermal stimulation, 5 ℃ continuous 23 days, treat that mycelium reverses after, be warming up to 10 ℃ again, humidity is controlled at 85%, illumination is the scattered light of 500 luxs.
The fruiting process temperature is controlled at 12 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 80%, and illumination is the scattered light of 2000 luxs, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below the 800ppm.
Can shorten the production cycle of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel with production method of the present invention, and make the production of Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel not influenced by Changes in weather, realize circulation production in annual 365 days.And, can accomplish each workshop sterilization respectively because each production link all adopts special-purpose independent workshop, and effectively controlled the generation of damage by disease and insect, reduced production risk.In addition, production method of the present invention is convenient to the unified monitoring of product quality, can guarantee form, weight, the quality basically identical of finished product mushroom, makes product have more standardization.A level product rate reaches 85% at present, and B level product rate reaches 13%, and C level product rate 2% has very high economic worth.
Claims (7)
1. the production method of a Pleuotus nebrodensis Quel, comprise making bacterial classification, cultivation, bacteria, urge flower bud, fruiting, gather and pack several steps, it is characterized in that, wherein cultivation, bacteria, to urge one in flower bud, fruiting step or multistep be to finish under the working condition of batch production control.
2. according to the described production method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the bacteria process, the working condition of batch production control is meant, temperature is controlled at 15-25 ℃, relative air humidity 60-70%, gas concentration lwevel 2500-4000ppm, mycelium is grown with this understanding continuously reach physiological ripening.
3. according to the described production method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in urging the flower bud process, the working condition of batch production control is meant, carries out controlled thermal stimulation, 3-10 ℃ reverse down to mycelium after, be warming up to 8-20 ℃, humidity is controlled at 85-95%, and keeping illumination in this process is the scattered light of 200-1500 lux, until apparent flower bud, dredge flower bud when waiting mushroom body length to 1-2.5cm;
4. according to the described production method of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the fruiting stage, the working condition of batch production control is meant that temperature is controlled at 10-20 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 80-85%, light is controlled at the 1000-4000 lux, and gas concentration lwevel is controlled at below the 800ppm.
5. according to the described production method of claim 1, it is characterized in that the cultivation process comprised for three steps, that is: do bacterium, sterilize and connect bacterium.
6. according to the described production method of claim 5, it is characterized in that, make the bacterium process and stir, transmit and bottle for former bacterium culture medium being adopted the bottling streamline.
7. according to the described production method of claim 5, it is characterized in that sterilization process adopts the high-temperature sterilization that is not less than 120 ℃ in the low pressure still, continues to be not less than 2 hours.
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| CN 02148808 CN1256014C (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | Industrialized production method of bai-ling mushroom |
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| CN 02148808 CN1256014C (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | Industrialized production method of bai-ling mushroom |
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| CN1256014C CN1256014C (en) | 2006-05-17 |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100384320C (en) * | 2005-04-23 | 2008-04-30 | 玛纳斯县科技服务中心 | Method for planting mountain mushroom in second crop of asafelida mushroom from farming shed |
| CN100419067C (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-09-17 | 孔岩 | Culture medium for pleurotus ferulae invigoration |
| CN103125271A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-06-05 | 王玉良 | Method and mushroom chamber for continuous cyclic production of edible mushrooms |
| CN104823703A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-12 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Culture method for pleurotus nebrodensis |
| CN105409585A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-23 | 镇江市丹徒区南山溪园茶叶专业合作社 | Method for processing leisure food raw material and food of Pleurotus nebrodensis rich in organic selenium and zinc |
| CN106993465A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-08-01 | 许昌世纪香生物科技有限公司 | Pleurotus nebrodensis liquid spawn is cultivated and Pleurotus nebrodensis bottle plants industrial production method |
| CN107173057A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-19 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | A kind of batch production vial-type cultural method of flat mushroom |
| CN107253885A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-17 | 安徽诺亚农业有限公司 | A kind of high temperature Pleuotus nebrodensis culture matrix |
| CN109348984A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-19 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis the factorial production air pretreatment technique |
| CN113396771A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 铱光农业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of Agaricus blazei |
-
2002
- 2002-11-18 CN CN 02148808 patent/CN1256014C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100384320C (en) * | 2005-04-23 | 2008-04-30 | 玛纳斯县科技服务中心 | Method for planting mountain mushroom in second crop of asafelida mushroom from farming shed |
| CN100419067C (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2008-09-17 | 孔岩 | Culture medium for pleurotus ferulae invigoration |
| CN103125271A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-06-05 | 王玉良 | Method and mushroom chamber for continuous cyclic production of edible mushrooms |
| CN104823703A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-12 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Culture method for pleurotus nebrodensis |
| CN105409585A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-03-23 | 镇江市丹徒区南山溪园茶叶专业合作社 | Method for processing leisure food raw material and food of Pleurotus nebrodensis rich in organic selenium and zinc |
| CN106993465A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2017-08-01 | 许昌世纪香生物科技有限公司 | Pleurotus nebrodensis liquid spawn is cultivated and Pleurotus nebrodensis bottle plants industrial production method |
| CN107173057A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-09-19 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | A kind of batch production vial-type cultural method of flat mushroom |
| CN107253885A (en) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-17 | 安徽诺亚农业有限公司 | A kind of high temperature Pleuotus nebrodensis culture matrix |
| CN109348984A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-19 | 吉林省农业科学院 | A kind of Pleurotus nebrodensis the factorial production air pretreatment technique |
| CN113396771A (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 铱光农业科技股份有限公司 | Cultivation method of Agaricus blazei |
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| CN1256014C (en) | 2006-05-17 |
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